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Earth and Moon. Our home and our nearest neighbor. Earth-Moon System. Distance from the earth to the moon: 384,000 km Less than the radius of the Sun (696,000 km). Tides. Synchronous rotation. The Earth’s Interior. How do we know what the Earth looks like inside?. Seismology. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Earth and MoonEarth and Moon
Our home and our nearest neighbor
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Earth-Moon System
• Distance from the earth to the moon:– 384,000 km– Less than the radius of
the Sun (696,000 km)
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Tides
Synchronous rotation
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The Earth’s Interior
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How do we know what the Earth looks like
inside?• Seismology
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Differentiation and Heat
• A differentiated planet is not the same all the way through. A homogeneous planet is the same.
• Heating a planet allows movement.
• Heavier materials sink to the inside and lighter materials rise.
Sources of Heat
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The Earth’s Surface
• 70% water, 30% rock• Continental crust is less dense than
oceanic crust
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Rocks
• Rocks are made of minerals
• Types of rocks:– Igneous rocks are those that have formed
from a molten state (volcano made)– Sedimentary rocks are composed of
fragments of other rocks that are cemented together (water made)
– Metamorphic rocks are produced from either igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been buried and modified by high temperatures and pressures
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Why does the earth look like this?
Processes that alter the surface of the earth:
• Endogenic– Forces that act from
inside the earth:• Volcanic • Erosional• Tectonic
– These forces can make rocks
• Exogenic– Forces that act from
outside the earth:• Cratering
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TectonicsAny movement
of the earth– Folding– Fracturing– Earthquakes– Plate tectonics
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Tectonics
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Volcanoes
Spreading centers
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Volcanoes
Converging plate margins
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Volcanoes - Hotspots
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Volcanoes
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Erosion
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Atmosphere
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Atmosphere
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Terrestrial
greenhouse effect
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Magnetosphere
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Moon - Interior
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Moon - Surface
Lunar rocks are mostly igneous
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Lunar surface features
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Origin of the moon
• Current theory – planetesimal hits protoplanetary earth
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Lunar exploration