EARLY PERIOD

I. MigrationA. Ice Age

1. Glaciers2. Beringia

a. Land Bridgeb. Northeast Asiac. South from Alaska

B. Ocean Travelers1. Southeast Asia2. Australia to Baja Calif3. Spread N & S

C. Agricultural Revolution1. Domestification

a. Crops – maizeb. Animals

2. Civilizationa. Specializationb. Hierarchy

II. Early North American CulturesA. Anasazi (SW US)

1. Chaco Canyon2. Mesa Verde3. Kivas4. Pueblos

B. Mississippian1. Mound builders2. Miss River flood plain

C. Algonquian1. Present day New England2. Common language

D. Iroquoian1. Many Groups2. Five tribes

a. Iroquois League aka Iroquois Confederacyb. Dekanawda & Hiawathac. Great Binding Lawd. Constitution

III. Causes for European ExplorationA. Crusades

1. Holy Wars2. Holy Land3. Discoveries

B. Renaissance1. Rebirth2. Search for knowledge

C. Reformation1. Reform Catholic Church2. Martin Luther3. Resistance = New Religions4. Search for religious freedoms

D. Technology1. Astrolabe2. Magnetic Compass3. Caravel4. Sextant5. Prince Henry the Navigator6. Weapons

E. GOD – GOLD – GLORY

IV. Europeans Venture OutA. Vikings

1. 700AD2. Longboats3. Leif Ericsson4. Labrador

B. Bartolomeu Dias1. Portuguese2. southern tip of Africa

C. Vasco da Gama1. Portuguese2. East to India

D. Christopher Columbus1. 14922. Italian sailing for Spain3. Asia in opposite direction4. Claudius Ptolemy

a. 200ADb. Round Earth w/latitude & longitude

E. Amerigo Vespucci1. None/nothing2. Writer3. Name

V. European ExplorationA. B/C of Columbus’ discoveryB. Columbian Exchange

1. Mixing of cultures2. Europe contributes

a. Tea, sugar, coffeeb. Horses, cattle, sheep, chickensc. Wordsd. Disease

3. American inhabitants contributesa. Tobacco, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, chocolateb. Wordsc. Disease

C. Spanish explores aka Conquistadors1. Hernando Cortez

a. 400 menb. Conquer Aztec

2. Francisco Pizarroa. 300+ menb. Conquer Inca

D. Reasons for success w/few men1. Weapons2. Fair-skinned people3. Horses4. Frightened by #2 & 35. Gods fulfilling prophecy6. Lack of immunity

E. Spanish in North America1. Francisco Coronado

a. Seven Cities of Goldb. Present day New Mexico & SW

2. Hernando de Sotoa. Seven Cities of Goldb. Present day FL, GA, AL, MS, ARc. De Soto Caverns Childersburg

3. Juan Ponce de Leona. War to bring Ferdinand/Isabella to powerb. Columbus’ second voyagec. Gold mines in Puerto Ricod. The Fountain of Youthe. Present day FLf. Most civil of all

F. Failure in NA

VI. Colonization of NAA. First European Settlement

1. St. Augustine2. Florida east coast3. 15654. Spanish

B. First English Settlement1. Roanoke (1587)2. North Carolina 3. CROATOAN4. The Lost Colony (Lumbees in-land)

C. First Successful English Settlement1. Jamestown (1607)2. Virginia3. Joint-stock company

a. Private companyb. Sell shares to investors

4. House of Burgessesa. Burgesses = representativeb. Limit royal authorityc. Increase citizen participationd. Democratic government

5. First black slaves (Anthony Johnson later)

D. Southern Colonies1. VA, NC, SC, GA2. Plantation Economy

a. Vast farmsb. One main crop

3. New Arrivalsa. Wealthy landowners fm Church of Englandb. French Protestants aka Huguenotsc. Indentured servants

*receive boat passage* servant for 7 years to pay off debt

E. Middle Colonies1. NY, NJ, DE, MD, PA2. Farming, shipping, fishing, trading economy3. New arrivals

a. Dutch, Swedish, Britishb. Roman Catholics to MD

4. William Penna. Proprietorb. Quaker

*persecuted religious group*pacifist

F. New England Colonies1. MA, CT, RI, NH2. Small towns w/single church

a. Small farmsb. Fishing, lumber & craft economy

3. New arrivalsa. Puritans & Pilgrimsb. Separated fm Church of England

4. Mayflower Compact (1620)a. Just & equal laws for allb. Town meetingsc. Adult males make laws

G. Social and Economic Life1. Emphasis

a. Individual freedomsb. Hard workc. Self-reliance

2. Mercantilisma. Main economic system of worldb. Nation’s power measured by gold reservesc. Export more than import = surplus of goldd. Colonies source of cheap raw materials for Englande. Colonies market for expensive finished goods from England

VII. Triangular Trade RouteA. Molasses from Caribbean to NYB. Rum from NY to West Africa (Europe for $ then to WA)C. Slaves from West Africa to Caribbean (later to SC)D. Middle Passage = Atlantic Ocean Leg (WA to Carib)

Rum

Molasses

Slaves

Middle Passage

New York

Caribbean

West Africa