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Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Science 10: Unit C 1.1
P. 243247
Early Microscopes and Microscopists Microscopes were important because it allowed people to see things that the naked eye could not.
Hans and Zacharias Janssen were credited for creating the first compound microscope in 1595. It was capable of magnifying 20x
Science 14: Unit C 8.1
P. 158 164
By 1665 Robert Hooke was using a 3 lens microscope.
While looking at cork through his microscope, he saw many "empty chambers" which he called cells.
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Calculating Magnification When calculating magnification, multiply the magnification powers of all lenses used.
ex) What is the total magnification of a system that has a 4x objective lens and a 10x eyepiece lens?
Parts of the microscope
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Total Magnification of our microscopes
Fancier Microscopes Electron Microscopes: by using a beam of electrons instead of light, it was possible to magnify up to 600,000x.
TEM: Transmission Electron Microscope: Focuses a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of the specimen. The specimen must be dead for this to work.
SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope: A beam of electrons passes over the specimen creating a 3D image of the specimen. The specimen CAN be alive.
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Cell TheorySpontaneous Generation
Until around 1859 it was widely believed that living things could be generated from nonliving things. This idea was called Spontaneous Generation.
Sci 10: Unit C 1.2 / Sci 14 8.2
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation. In his experiment microorganisms would get caught in the "s" bend, and therefore no mould would grow.
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Cell Theory: While looking at an orchid through a microscope, Robert Brown noticed that all cells had a similar structure inside them. He called this the nucleus.
Cell Theory: Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow combined their research to define "Cell Theory". (1859)
Cell Theory:
All living things are made up of one or more cells and the materials produced by these cells.
All life functions take place in cells, making them the smallest unit of life.
All cells are produced from preexisting cells through the process of cell division.
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organisms
Smallest unit of matter
Smallest unit of life
Questions: Sci 10 Textbook
pg. 252: #24
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Sci 10: 2.1 / Sci 14 8.3 The Cell
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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Differences between plant and animal cells: Animal Cells have Centrioles (Used for cell division)
Plant Cells have a Cell Wall made of cellulose.
Plant Cells have Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll.(needed for photosynthesis)
Plant cells have large central Vacuoles, animal cells have smaller Vacuoles.
Science 10 Unit C 1.1&1.2 / Science 14 8.1 & 8.2
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The Cell Membrane: The cell membrane (or plasma membrane) consists of a phospholipid bilayer. The fat "tails" face inwards as they are hydrophobic, and the phosphate heads face out wards as they are hydrophilic.
Questions: 1) Draw your own diagram of a plant cell. Label each organelle and describe its function.