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Early HumansEarly Humans
Tools of DiscoveryTools of Discovery Historians = people who study &
write about human past
History = began about 5,500 yrs ago when people began to write
Prehistory = time b4 people dev. writing
Historians = people who study & write about human past
History = began about 5,500 yrs ago when people began to write
Prehistory = time b4 people dev. writing
Archaeologists = hunt for evidence of civilizations buried in the ground
Artifacts = weapons, tools & other things made by humans
Fossils - plants/animals preserved in rock.
Archaeologists = hunt for evidence of civilizations buried in the ground
Artifacts = weapons, tools & other things made by humans
Fossils - plants/animals preserved in rock.
Anthropologists = Study how humans developed and how they relate to each other
Stone Age = early period of human history when people used stoned to make tools and weapons
Paleolithic = Old Stone Age
Anthropologists = Study how humans developed and how they relate to each other
Stone Age = early period of human history when people used stoned to make tools and weapons
Paleolithic = Old Stone Age
How did people get food?How did people get food?
Searched for food
Hunted animals, caught fish, ate insects, gathered nuts, berries, fruits, grains and plants.
“Hunter-gatherers”
Searched for food
Hunted animals, caught fish, ate insects, gathered nuts, berries, fruits, grains and plants.
“Hunter-gatherers”
Nomads = (paleolithic people) Moved from place to place searching or food & shelter.
People traveled in lrg. groups b/c it was safer and easier to search for food.
Nomads = (paleolithic people) Moved from place to place searching or food & shelter.
People traveled in lrg. groups b/c it was safer and easier to search for food.
Tasks of Men & Women:Tasks of Men & Women: Men:
Hunted animals
Made tools
Sometimes had to travel far for food.
Men: Hunted
animals
Made tools
Sometimes had to travel far for food.
Women: Close to campsite
Watched the children
Searched for berries, nuts & grains.
Women: Close to campsite
Watched the children
Searched for berries, nuts & grains.
Language, Art & ReligionLanguage, Art & Religion Humans dev. Spoken language in
Paleolithic times Easier for people to work together &
pass down knowledge People also expressed themselves
through art (paintings on cave walls of animals)
Humans dev. Spoken language in Paleolithic times
Easier for people to work together & pass down knowledge
People also expressed themselves through art (paintings on cave walls of animals)
Invention of ToolsInvention of Tools Paleolithic people were 1st to use
tech. (tools & methods to help perform tasks)
What are some examples of technology used by Paleolithic people?
Paleolithic people were 1st to use tech. (tools & methods to help perform tasks)
What are some examples of technology used by Paleolithic people?
Neolithic Times: (New Stone Age 8,000 BC-4,000
BC)
Neolithic Times: (New Stone Age 8,000 BC-4,000
BC) After last Ice Age life changed
People began to tame plants & animals
Animals provided milk, meat, wool & transportation of goods.
After last Ice Age life changed
People began to tame plants & animals
Animals provided milk, meat, wool & transportation of goods.
People learned how to grow food
People could now stay in one place
People learned how to grow food
People could now stay in one place
The Growth of Villages:The Growth of Villages: People who farmed began to live in
villages & building permanent homes
Where were villages started?
Europe, India, Egypt, China & Mexico Earliest Communities were found in
the Middle East as early as 8000 BC
People who farmed began to live in villages & building permanent homes
Where were villages started?
Europe, India, Egypt, China & Mexico Earliest Communities were found in
the Middle East as early as 8000 BC
Benefits of Settled Life:Benefits of Settled Life: Steady food supply Healthy growing population More workers to produce more
crops Began to trade Practice of Specialization (Diff.
Jobs)
Steady food supply Healthy growing population More workers to produce more
crops Began to trade Practice of Specialization (Diff.
Jobs)
Mesopotamia’s Civilization:Mesopotamia’s Civilization:
Civilization = Complex societies that have cities, organized gov’t, art religion, class divisions and a writing system.
Civilization = Complex societies that have cities, organized gov’t, art religion, class divisions and a writing system.
Why did the 1st civilizations start in river valleys?
Why did the 1st civilizations start in river valleys?
1. Good farming conditions made it easy to feed a lot of people
1. Fish & fresh water
1. Travel & trade
1. Good farming conditions made it easy to feed a lot of people
1. Fish & fresh water
1. Travel & trade
As cities dev. Govt’s were formed to make plans & decisions about matters
Leaders were in charge of food supplies, building projects, made laws & created armies
People began to dev. Religion & arts
As cities dev. Govt’s were formed to make plans & decisions about matters
Leaders were in charge of food supplies, building projects, made laws & created armies
People began to dev. Religion & arts
Invented ways of writing to pass on information
Created calendars to keep time Dev. Class structure
Held diff. places in society based on work they did & wealth/power they had
Invented ways of writing to pass on information
Created calendars to keep time Dev. Class structure
Held diff. places in society based on work they did & wealth/power they had
The Rise of SumerThe Rise of Sumer Mesopotamia = Earliest known
civilization Location: Present day Iraq b/w
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Climate: Hot & Dry
Rivers flooded in Spring leaving behind rich soil (not predictable)
Mesopotamia = Earliest known civilization
Location: Present day Iraq b/w Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Climate: Hot & Dry Rivers flooded in Spring leaving
behind rich soil (not predictable)
•Every yr. farmers worried about crops & believed they needed gods to bless their efforts- Farmers learned to control seasonal floods w/ dams & channels
•Every yr. farmers worried about crops & believed they needed gods to bless their efforts- Farmers learned to control seasonal floods w/ dams & channels
Dev. Irrigation(waterways to bring water to fields)
Now that farmers could grow plenty of food, many cities formed in southern Mesopotamia (Sumer)
Dev. Irrigation(waterways to bring water to fields)
Now that farmers could grow plenty of food, many cities formed in southern Mesopotamia (Sumer)
Gods & RulersGods & Rulers Sumerians believed in many gods
Each god had power over a natural force or human activity. (Flooding or basket weaving)
* People wanted to please the gods
Sumerians believed in many gods
Each god had power over a natural force or human activity. (Flooding or basket weaving)
* People wanted to please the gods
Each city-state built a grand temple called a ziggurat
Priests & Priestesses were powerful & controlled most of the land
Later Kings ran the gov’t, led the army & organized building projects
Each city-state built a grand temple called a ziggurat
Priests & Priestesses were powerful & controlled most of the land
Later Kings ran the gov’t, led the army & organized building projects
