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Early Civilization in ChinaEarly Civilization in China
What Makes China What Makes China Unique?Unique?
• Geographic Barriers
• Outsiders attempted invasion (distrust of outsiders)
• Settlements along rivers (Huang He & Yangtze River)
• Need to control rivers led to the rise of strong governments
Notice how all of the dynasties of China
overlap in the same general area
Shang Dynasty ~ 1650 Shang Dynasty ~ 1650 B.C.EB.C.E
King = head of clan
Shang Di - Chief God◦ King had direct connection◦ Ancestors of families got gifts
from the gods
Most people = peasants◦ Worked the fields all day
Yin and Yang◦ Balance of the universe◦ Yin = Earth; Yang = Heaven
Zhou Dynasty ~ 1027 Zhou Dynasty ~ 1027 B.C.EB.C.E
Overthrow of Shang Dynasty was justified by “Mandate of Heaven”
◦ Cruel king lost favor of the gods
◦ Explained the rise & fall of dynasties
◦ As long as government is good & lives by Confucian ideals, it will keep the Mandate of Heaven.
◦ If the government becomes weak or corrupt, Heaven will withdraw its support & open the path for a new dynasty to rise up.
Natural disasters were seen as a sign that the Mandate of Heaven was lost!
Early Chinese Early Chinese AchievementsAchievements
Writing (Shang)◦ Oracle Bones – kings questioned
the gods, heated the bones until they cracked & looked for answers in the patterns.
Silk Making (Shang)◦ Only royals could afford material◦ Most valuable export
Astronomy (Han)◦ Helped make calendar
Economic Growth ~ 700-500 Economic Growth ~ 700-500 B.C.EB.C.EIronworking
◦More farm production
◦ Irrigation systems◦More food = greater
population
Commerce expanded through use of money◦Trade made easier◦Feudal lords
expanded lands
What was the What was the importance importance of silk to China?of silk to China?Silk (started in 1000 BCE)
◦ Thread spun from cocoons of silkworms◦ Major trade good◦ Guarded secret (remained so until the 1200’s)◦ Started the Silk Road trade route