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EAP8: Academic Vocabulary
1. William Gates III 2. Warren Buffett 3. Carlos Slim Helú 4. Lawrence Ellison 5. Ingvar Kamprad 6. Karl Albrecht 7. Mukesh Ambani 8. Lakshmi Mittal 9. Theo Albrecht 10.Amancio Ortega 11.Jim Walton 12.Alice Walton 13.Christy Walton 14.S Robson Walton 15.Bernard Arnault 16.Li Ka-shing 17.Michael Bloomberg 18.Stefan Persson 19.Charles Koch 20.David Koch
1 Liu Yongxing 3,000 60 East Hope Group
2 Wong Kwong Yu (Huang Guangyu)
2,700 39 Gome Electrical Appliances
3 Yang Huiyan 2,220 27 Country Garden
4 Liu Yonghao 2,200 57 New Hope Group
5 Zhou Chengjian & family 2,000 43 Metersbonwe
6 Zhang Jindong 1,800 45 Suning Appliances
7 Robin Li 1,700 40 Baidu.com
8 Du Shuanghua 1,600 43 Rizhao Steel
9 Ma Huateng 1,580 37 Tencent
10 Zhou Furen & family 1,550 57 Xiyang Group
11 Lu Zhiqiang 1,520 57 Oceanwide Group
12 Shi Zhengrong 1,500 45 Suntech
13 Xiaofeng Peng 1,410 33 LDK Solar
14 Shi Yuzhu 1,400 46 Shanghai Jiante
15 Chu Lam Yiu 1,350 39 Huabao
16 Zong Qinghou 1,300 63 Wahaha Group
17 William Ding Lei 1,250 37 NetEase.com
18 Hui Wing Mau (Xu Rongmao) 1,230 58 Shimao Group
19 Zhang Xin & family 1,210 45 Soho China
20 He Xiangjian 1,150 66 Midea Group
Rank Name Net Worth ($mil) Age Company
1 Liu Yongxing 3,000 60 East Hope Group
2 Wong Kwong Yu (Huang Guangyu)
2,700 39 Gome Electrical Appliances
3 Yang Huiyan 2,220 27 Country Garden
4 Liu Yonghao 2,200 57 New Hope Group
5 Zhou Chengjian & family 2,000 43 Metersbonwe
6 Zhang Jindong 1,800 45 Suning Appliances
7 Robin Li 1,700 40 Baidu.com
8 Du Shuanghua 1,600 43 Rizhao Steel
9 Ma Huateng 1,580 37 Tencent
10 Zhou Furen & family 1,550 57 Xiyang Group
11 Lu Zhiqiang 1,520 57 Oceanwide Group
12 Shi Zhengrong 1,500 45 Suntech
13 Xiaofeng Peng 1,410 33 LDK Solar
14 Shi Yuzhu 1,400 46 Shanghai Jiante
15 Chu Lam Yiu 1,350 39 Huabao
16 Zong Qinghou 1,300 63 Wahaha Group
17 William Ding Lei 1,250 37 NetEase.com
18 Hui Wing Mau (Xu Rongmao) 1,230 58 Shimao Group
19 Zhang Xin & family 1,210 45 Soho China
20 He Xiangjian 1,150 66 Midea Group
MOSTChineseassumeitissomethingofamixedblessingtoappearintheannualrankingsofChina’swealthiestcitizenspublishedbyForbesmagazine.Earlythisyearanovelwiththetitle“ThecurseofForbes”wassyndicatedinaChinesemagazinebeforebeingpublishedasabook.Anyoneonthelist,itsprotagonistwarns,is“deadmeat”.Therankingsarewidelyknownas“pigkillinglists”referencetothefatetheauthoritiesarethoughttohaveinmindforthosewhoappearonthem.Inareviewofthebook,ForbesreflectsonthefactthatmanypeopleonitsChineselistshaveindeedbeendetainedorarrested,andaskswhether“anyoneinChinaissafefromthecurse”.
MOST Chinese assume it is something of a mixed blessing to appear in the annual rankings of China’s wealthiest citizens published by Forbes magazine. Early this year a novel with the title “The curse of Forbes” was syndicated in a Chinese magazine before being published as a book. Anyone on the list, its protagonist warns, is “dead meat”. The rankings are widely known as “pig-killing lists”—a reference to the fate the authorities are thought to have in mind for those who appear on them. In a review of the book, Forbes reflects on the fact that many people on its Chinese lists have indeed been detained or arrested, and asks whether “anyone in China is safe from the curse”.
MOST Chinese assume it is something of a mixed blessing to appear in the annual rankings of China’s wealthiest citizens published by Forbes magazine. Early this year a novel with the title “The curse of Forbes” was syndicated in a Chinese magazine before being published as a book. Anyone on the list, Its protagonist warns, is “dead meat”. The rankings are widely known as “pig-killing lists”—a reference to the fate the authorities are thought to have in mind for those who appear on them. In a review of the book, Forbes reflects on the fact that many people on its Chinese lists have indeed been detained or arrested, and asks whether “anyone in China is safe from the curse”.
MOST Chinese 1_________it is something of a 2 _________ blessing to 3 _________ in the annual rankings of China’s wealthiest 4 _________5 _________ by Forbes magazine. Early 6 _________ year a novel with the 7 _________ “The curse of Forbes” was syndicated in a Chinese magazine before being 8 _________ as a book. Anyone on the list, Its protagonist warns, is “9 _________ meat”. The rankings are 10 _________ known as “pig-killing lists”—a reference 11 _________ the fate the authorities are thought to have in 12 _________ for those who appear on them. In a 13 _________ of the book, Forbes reflects on the 14_________ that many people on its Chinese lists have indeed been detained or 15 _________, and asks 16 _________ “anyone in China is safe from the 17 _________”.
The answer, new research suggests, is yes. Rupert Hoogewerf, the
author of Forbes’s first Chinese list, which appeared ten years ago,
and now publisher of a competing version called the Hurun Rich
List, looked at what has happened to the 1,300-odd people who
have featured in it. Two await trial, ten are currently under
investigation, seven have been investigated but not convicted,
seven have fled China, and six have died (including two suicides
and one murder). Eighteen have ended up in jail, which may
sound like quite a toll, but amounts to less than 2% of the names
on the list—not so outlandish a proportion, Mr Hoogewerf argues.
Nonetheless, many still wonder whether wealth in China is inextricably tied
to crime and corruption, the “original sins” that are thought to have
underpinned the rise of many of the country’s most lucrative ventures. That
question was the subject of a 20-page article published last week in Kan
Tian Xia (“View the world”), a magazine based in Beijing, which cited Mr
Hoogewerf’s findings. Mr Hoogewerf himself points out that many of the
crimes committed by China’s tycoons date back to an earlier era, when
credit was harder to obtain and corporate governance cruder (see table).
New wealth, particularly in areas where venture capital plays a big part,
such as technology, is subject to closer scrutiny these days. He maintains
that the stigma associated with wealth in the past, sometimes deservedly,
has lifted in recent years.
But China’s tycoons continue to get into trouble. Shortly before
“The curse of Forbes” appeared, it emerged that Huang
Guangyu (also known as Wong Kwong Yu), a retailing
magnate who was first on Hurun’s list last year and second on
Forbes’s, had disappeared. He was subsequently reported to
have been detained in a wide-ranging bribery probe. In June
the mayor of Shenzhen, a big city near Hong Kong, was
detained in what was thought to be the same probe. On August
31st Hopson Development, a property firm, revealed that for
the past six months it had been unable to account for its own
chairman, Chu Mang Yee (140th on the Forbes list, and tenth
on Hurun’s), although the link to the probe, if any, is unclear.
The majority of people who have posted comments on other
websites about the Kan Tian Xia article seem suspicious of
successful businessmen. Tellingly, the government’s internet
censors have let these comments proliferate, suggesting that it
takes a similar view. One blogger argued that the vast majority
of those on rich lists had escaped jail simply because they had
bribed officials to stay out of it. “Even our children know you
cannot succeed without dirtying your hands,” another added. A
third had an even grimmer view: “Remember that any
enterprise that is big will, eventually, become the government’s
property.” It is not always the tycoons who are the crooks.
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The following facilities are available to all Pre-Sessional students:- English language materials in the Centre Self-Access Resource Room - Full use of the University Library - Computing services including email Generally speaking, the right length of course for each student will depend on current level of preparation in both English language and study skills. Registration will take place at the start of the course (prior to the commencement of teaching). Students who fail to notify the Centre of late-arrival will not be permitted to join the course.
Extract 1If you’re on the PS course you can use all the stuff in the self-access room, uni library and computer network including email.Extract 2How many modules you should sign up for depends more or less on how good you reckon your english & study skills already are.Extract 3You have to register to start with before classes begin - and if you’re going to arrive late and don’t tell them they won’t let you on the course.
Website extract 1:
The following facilities are available to all Pre-Sessional students:- English language materials in the Centre Self-Access Resource Room - Full use of the University Library - Computing services including emailWebsite extract 2:Generally speaking, the right length of course for each student will depend on current level of preparation in both English language and study skills.Website extract 3:Registration will take place at the start of the course (prior to the commencement of teaching). Students who fail to notify the Centre of late-arrival will not be permitted to join the course.
Email messages
Extract 1If you’re on the PS course you can use all the stuff in the self-access room, uni library and computer network including email.Extract 2How many modules you should sign up for depends more or less on how good you reckon your english & study skills already are.Extract 3You have to register to start with before classes begin - and if you’re going to arrive late and don’t tell them they won’t let you on the course.
1. Avoid contractions 4.Limit the use of direct questions
2. Aim for concise negatives 5.Use impersonal address
3. Aim for strong sentence ending 6.Opt for more formal lexis
Common style guide for academic writing
Use these suggestions to increase the formality of example sentences 1-7 below
Example sentences to improve:
•A skewed sample may’ve affected the results.•The students didn't have much difficulty with the task.•Special tax laws were enacted in six states: Illinois, Iowa, Ohio etc•What are the causes of the problem? I will now investigate that.•We got some interesting data from the experiment. •If you fail the exam, you can't get into the university.•We did a survey / The essays were done under exam conditions / I did an analysis
Free exercise:
Improve the style of the following sentences
1.You can clearly see the difference between these two charts
2.The survey included a lot of different people
3.There are some studies which have shown that exam pressure can cause students to under-perform in written tests.
4.By 'under-perform' we mean that the test result does not show their true ability.
