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1E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Excreta Disposalin Emergencies
Session 7
Medium Term Solutions
2E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
• Rehabilitate or rebuild?• Family or communal?• On-site or sewered?• Pit or tank?• Slab or seat?
Some considerations
3E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Group work
In groups of at least 2 people take one of the sanitation options and discuss;
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Include privacy, safety, access for the vulnerable.
• Cultural appropriateness
• Be ready to present back to the group in 10 minutes
4E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Group work feedback• Simple pit latrines• Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines• Eco-san options• Borehole latrines• Pour-flush latrines• Septic tanks• Aqua-privies• Wastewater treatment systems• Others
5E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Family Latrines: Pour-flush latrines
Image courtesy of WEDC. (c) Rod Shaw.
6E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Family Latrines: Pour-flush latrines
Image courtesy of WEDC. © Rebecca Scott.
Needs:• a ready source of
prefabricated slabs or pans with a U-bend
• plentiful water supply for flushing with each visit
From Harvey, EDIE, 2006
7E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Family Latrines: Twin pit latrines
Twin pits are useful where traffic is known to high, where only shallow pits can be dug, or where long life is needed.
• One pit can be emptied whilst other is in use
• Can be twin-pit VIPs, pour-flush or eco-san
8E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Overcrowding and lack of time/resources often dictates the need for communal toilet blocks in the medium term after an emergency.
These can be:• Communal simple pit or VIP latrines• Communal pour-flush with septic tank• Communal aqua privies• Urinals
Communal Latrines
9E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Communal Latrines: Pit latrines
Example emergency pit latrine, MSF, Gihogazi, Burundi, 2003. Photo: Ken Gibbs, RedR.
10E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Communal Latrines: Pit latrines
Basic communal pit latrine:
• Un-lined trench• Timber
footrests• Lightweight
superstructure
Image courtesy of WEDC. (c) Rod Shaw.
11E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Communal Latrines: VIP latrines
Image courtesy of WEDC. © Peter Harvey.
12E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Communal Latrines: Pour-flush latrines with septic tank
Image courtesy of WEDC. © Ken Chatterton.
13E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Communal Latrines: Aqua privies
Image courtesy of WEDC. © Ken Chatterton.
14E7
WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E
Communal Latrines: Urinals
• A simple structure to collect urine and allow it to soak to a pit
• Needs regular flushing with water to reduce odours
• Significantly reduces number of male toilets needed, leading to impact on time and cost