E. Rosset. Mastering the Irregular Verbs and Modals

8/13/2019 E. Rosset. Mastering the Irregular Verbs and Modals

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MASTERING

THEIRREGULAR

VERBSANDMODALS

E DI T ORI A L S T A N L E Y


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Written by / Escr i to por:Edward R. RossetMember o f t he Bache lor o f A r t s A s s o c i a t i o n o fEu s k a d i .M iembro de l Co leg io de L i cenc iados de F i l osof ia yLe t ras de Euskad i

Published by / Editado por:Edi tor ia l StanleyLayout / Diseno y Maquetac ion:An g e l a Gom e z M a r t i nFront page design / D iseno portada:DISENO IRUNES

Editorial StanleyApdo. 207 - 20302 IRUN - SPAINTelf. (943) 64 04 12 - Fax. (943) 64 38 63

ISBN: 84-7873-343-4Dep. Leg . B I -2 .267 /99F i r s t edi t ion / Pr imera edic ion 1999

Printers / Imprime:Impren ta Berek in tza


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Introduccion IntroductionLo sverbos ingleses t ienen fam a de ser fac i les y senci l los ,ta n sencil los que ninguna otra editorial se ha preocupadonunca de publicar un l ibro de verbos conjugados tal comolos conocemos en espanol o f rances , por e jemplo.Sin embargo, no por ser faci les dejan de tener susdif icultades. A muchos es tudiantes le s gustar ia tenerunl ibro de referencia, sobre todo de verbos irregulares ydefect ivos .La Editorial Stanley, despues de publicar ENGLISH VERBSONE BYONE, lanza al mercado ENGLISH IRREGULARand modal VERBS conjugatedPongamos por casoqu equeremos t raduci r :

- Si yo hubiese podido, habria venido mastemprano.

Puede ocurrir que los verbos no se nos dan muy bien, nisiquiera encas tel lano. Ab r imose l libro de IRREGULARVERBS en el verbo PODER y buscamos hubiese podido,lo encontramos en e lpluscuamperfectodeSubjuntivo, y asu ladola traduccion:

- /had been able.A continuation mi ramos , habria venido en el verbo VENIR,y loencontramos en el condicional compuesto:

- /would have come.Asi pues:

- If I had been able, I would have come earlier.Veamos otra frase:

- Si hubiera habido menos trafico, h abrian id oen coche.

En el verbo HABER ( imperso na l ) encont ra remos , hubierahabidoen el p luscuam perfecto de subjunt ivo y sut raduccion therehad been. Y s i mi ramos ,habrian id o enel verbo IR, veremo s que es e l Condic ional compues to,they would have gone.Asi pues:

- If thereh ad been less traffic, theywould havegone by car.

Englishverbs are reputedto be simple. Having relat ivelyfew inf lected forms, they are indeed easier to master thanthe verbs of many other languages . For that reason,perhaps, nobook of Engl ish verb con jugat ions like thosew eare accus tomedto inSpanish and French, has, unti ln owbeen published.However, the fact that English verbs are relat ively easydoes not mean that they are entirely without dif f iculty. Quitethe contrary. They have their own peculiari t ies, complexit iesand traps for the unwary. Consequently, we feel that manystudentsca n benef it f rom a reference work devoted whol lyto the i r regular and m odal verbs , present ing each formmethod ical ly, com pletely and with the u tmos t clari ty.Suppose,fo rexample, that yourEnglishis somewhat rus tyand that you wish to t rans late a com parat ively complexverbal pattern like:

-Si yo hubiera podido, habria venido.Simply openthebookatPODER an dlook for, hubiesepodido. You wil l find i t in the Pas t Perfect S ubjunctive an dnext to it, the translat ion:

- /had been able.Inthesamewayfind, habria venido, th eConditionalPerfect o f VENIR:

- / would havecome.All that remains is to put the two clau ses togethe r:

-If I hadbeenable,Iwould have come.This book is addressed not only to those who are beginningto study English, but also to those who, for whateverreason, are st i l l uncertain about how to form verb tensescorrect ly. Inboth cases ,ENGLISH IRREGULAR MODALVERBS wil l prove an invaluable tool.


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INDEX

ABIDE ABODE/ABIDED ABIDEDT O L E R A R , S O PO R T A R , A C A T A R , C U M PL I R . 1

ARISE AROSE ARISENSURGIR, LEVANTAR 2

A W A K E A W O K E A W O K E NDESPERTAR (SE) 3

BEAR BORE BORNEAGUANTAR, RESISTIR, SOPORTAR 4

BEAT BEAT BEATENDERROTAR, V EN C ER , G O L PEA R , B A T I R ,SACUDIR 5

BECOME BECAME BECOMELLEGAR A SER, HACERSE 6

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUNEM PEZ A R , C O M EN Z A R 7

BEND BENT BENTDOBLAR, T O R C E R , C U R VA R 8

B E S E E CH BESOUGHT BESOUGHTSUPLICAR, IMPLORAR 9

B E T B E T B E TAPOSTAR 10

B I D BADE BIDDENMANDAR, ORDENAR, INVITAR, DAR. . . . 11

BIND BOUND BOUNDATAR, AMARRAR, ENVOLVER, UNIR,VENDAR 12

BITE B I T BITTENMORDER, PICAR 13

BLEED BLED BLEDSANGRAR, DESANGRAR 1 4

BLOW BLEW B L O W NSOPLAR 15

BREAK B R O K E B R O K E NR O M P E R 16

BREED BRED BREDCRIAR, GENERAR, ENGENDRAR 1 7

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHTT R A E R 18

BUILD BUILT BUILTCONSTRUIR, EDIFICAR 19

BURN BURNT BURNED BURNTBURNEDQUEMAR, ARDER 20

B UR S T B UR S T BURSTREVENTAR, DE SBORDAR, ABRIRSE DEGOLPE 21

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHTCOMPRAR, ADQUIRIR 22

C A S T C A S T C A S TARROJAR, PROYECTAR, ECHAR 23

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHTAGARRAR, C O G ER , A T R A PA R , ASIR . . . 24

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSENELEGIR 25

CLING CLUNG CLUNGAFERRARSE, ADHER IRSE, PEGARSE . . 26

COME CAME COMEVENIR 27

COST COST COSTCO S T A R 28

CR E E P CR E P T CR E P TA R R A S T R A R S E , D ES L I Z A R S E 29

CUT CUT CUTCORT AR 30

DEAL DEALT DEALTT R A T A R C O N , R E P A R T I R , D I S T R I B U I R ,D A R ( N A I P E S ) 3 1

DIG D U G D U GCAVAR, EXCAVAR 32

D O D I D DONEHACER 33

DRAW DREW D R A W ND I B U J A R , T R A Z A R , TI R A R D E , S A C A R ,G I R A R ( L E T R A S ) 3 4

DREAM DREAMT/DREAMED D R E A M T / D R E A M E DSONAR 35

DRINK DRANK D R UNKBEBER 36

DRIVE DROVE DRIVENCONDUCIR 37

DWELL DWELT D W E L TMORAR, VIVIR, HABITAR 38

EAT ATE EATENC O M ER 39

FALL FELL FALLENCAER 40

FEED FED FEDALIMENTAR, DA R DE C O M ER 41

FEEL FELT FELTSENTIR, PALPAR 42

FIND FOUND FOUNDENCONTRAR, HALLAR 43

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHTLUCHAR, COMBATIR 44

FLEE FLED FLEDHUIR, ESCAPAR 45

FLING FLUNG FLUNGT IRAR, ARROJAR, ECHAR, LANZAR,AVENTAR 46

F L Y FLEW F L O W NVOLAR 47FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN

PROHIBIR 48F O R G E T F O R G O T F O R G O T T E N

O L V I D A R 49FORSAKE FORSOOK FORSAKEN

ABANDONAR, RENUNCIAR 50FREEZE FROZE FROZEN

HELAR, CONGELAR 51GILD GILDED GILDED/GILT

DORAR 52GIRD GIRDED/GIRT GIRDED/GIRT

CENIR 53G O W E N T GONE

IR 54GRIND GROUND GROUND

MOLER 55GROW GR E W GR O W N

C R EC ER , CULTIVAR 56HANG HUNG /HANGED HUNG/

HANGEDC O L G A R , AHORCAR 57

HEAR HEARD HEARDO IR 58

HE W HEWED HEWED/HEWNE X T R A E R , L A B R A R , TALLAR 5 9

HIDE . HID HIDDENESCONDER, OCULTAR 60


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INDEX

H I T H I T H I TGOLPEAR, ACERTAR 61

HOLD HELD HELDS O S T EN E R A G U A N T A R M A N T E N E R ... 62

HURT HU RT HURTD O L ER , HERIR, HACER DANO,LASTIMAR 63

KEEP KEPT KEPTGUARDAR, CONSERVAR 64

K N E E L KNELT K NELTA R R O D I L L A R ( S E ) 65

K N I T K N I T / K N I T T E D K NIT /K N I T T E DT R I C O T A R , TEJER, HACER PUNTO 0C A L C E T A 66

K N O W K NEW K N O W NSABER, CONOCER 67

L A Y LAID LAIDP O N E R ( H U E V O S , M E S A ) , C O L O C A R .. 68

LEAD LED LEDCONDUCIR, GUIAR, ENC ABEZ AR, DIRIGIR,MANDAR, ESTAR AL FRENTE 69

LEAN LEANED/LEANT LEANED/L E A N TA P O Y A R , RECOSTAR 70

LEAP LEAPED/LEPT L E A P E D /LEPTSALTAR, BRINCAR 71

LEARN L E A R N E D / L E A R N T L E A R N E D / L E A R N TA PR EN D ER 72

LEAVE LEFT LEFTD EJ A R , SALIR , IR S E , A BA ND O NA R . . . . 7 3

LEND LENT - LENTPRESTAR, DEJAR 74

LET LET LETPERMITIR, DEJAR 75

L I E L A Y LAINEC H A R S E, A C O S T A R S E , YACER 76

LIGHT LIT/LIGHTED LIT/LIGHTEDENCENDER, ILUMINAR 77

LOSE LOST LOSTPERDER 78

M A K E M A D E MADEHACER, FABRICAR 79

M E A N M E A N T M E A N TSIGNIFICAR, QUERER DECIR 80

MEET M E T M E TEN C O N T R A R S E, CO N O CE R, P RE SE N T A R,TOPARSE CON 81

MO W MOWED M O W N / M O W E DSEGAR, CORTAR E L CESPED 82

P A Y PAID PAIDPAGAR 83

P U T P U T P U TPONER, COLOCAR 84

QUIT QUIT/QUITTED QUIT/QUITTEDABANDONAR, DE J A R, IRS E , RET IRARSE 85

R E A D R E A D READLEER 86

REND R E N T RENTR A S G A R , DE S G A RRA R 87

R I D - R I D - R I DLIBRAR DE , DE S H A CE RS E , QU I T A RS E ,LIMPIAR, DISIPAR 88

RIDE RODE RIDDENCABALGAR, MONTAR 89

RING RANG R U N GSONAR, REPICAR , TANER , TOCAR ELTIMBRE 90

RISE ROSE RISENE L E V A R , LE VANTAR , SUBIR, SALIR (SOL) 91

R U N R A N R U NCORRER 92

S A W S A W E D S A W E D / S A W NSERRAR 93

S A Y S A I D SAIDDECIR 94

SEE SAW SEENV E R 95

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHTBUSCAR, PEDIR AYUDA, IR EN BUSCA DEA L G O , TRATAR D E LOGRAR 96

S E N D S E N T - SENTENVIAR, MANDAR 97

SET SET SETPONER, COLOCAR, PREPARAR, FIJAR,A C O R D A R , E S T A B L E C E R , ASIGNAR. . . . 9 8

S E W S E W E D S E W NCOSER 99

S H A K E S H O O K S H A K E NAGITAR, RE M O V E R 100

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVED/SHAVENAFEITAR 101

S H E A R S H E A R E D S H O R NESQUILAR 102

SHED SHED SHEDDERRAMAR VERTER 103

SHINE - SHONE SHONEbr i l la r , resp landecer 10 4S H O E S H O D - SHOD

HERRAR 105SHOOT SHOT SHOT

DISPARAR 106S H O W S H O W E D - S H O W N

M O S T R A R , ENSEN AR .... ... 107SHRINK SHRANK SHRUNK

ENCOJER 108SHUT - SHUT SHUT

CERRAR 109SING S A N G S U N G

CANTAR 110S I T S A T S A T

S E N T A R ( S E ) 111SLAY SLEW SLAIN

ASESINAR, D AR MUERTE 1 12S L E E P S L E P T SLEPT

DORMIR 113SLIDE - S L I D - S L I D

DESLIZAR, RESBALAR 1 14SLING SLUNG SLUNG

T IRAR, LANZAR, ARROJAR,AVENTAR 115

SLINK SLUNK SLUNKESCABULLIRSE 116

SLIT SLIT SLITCORTAR, RAJAR, DEGOLLAR 117


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INDEX

SMELL S M E L L E D /S M E L T S M E L L E D / S M E L TO L E R 118

S M I T E S M O T E S M I T T E NGOLPEAR, ATORMENTAR 1 19

SO W S O W E D S O W NSEMBRAR 120

S P E A K S P O K E S P O K E NHABLAR 121

SPEED SPEEDED SPEDSPEEDED SPEDACELERAR, CO N DU CIR RA P I DO ,IR DEPRISA 1 22

SPELL SPELLED/SPELT SPELLED/SPELTD EL ET R EA R 1 23

S P E ND SPENT SPENTPASAR, GASTAR 124

SPILL SPILLED/SPILT SPILLED/SPILTDERRAMAR 125

SPIN SPAN/SPUN SPUNGIRAR, HACER GIRAR, CENTRIFUGAR,HILAR 126

SPIT SPAT SPATESCUPIR 127

SPLIT SPLIT SPLITPARTIR, REPARTIR, E S C I N DI R ,DIVIDIR 128

SPOIL SPOILED/SPOILT SPOILED/SPOILTECHAR A P E RDE R, E S T RO P E A R, A RRU I N A R,CONSENTIR, MALCRIAR 129

SPREAD SPREAD SPREADESPARCIR 130

S P R I NG S P R A NG S P R U N GSALTAR, S U RG I R, BROTAR, N A CE R,BRINCAR 131

S T A N D S T O O D S T O O DESTAR, PONER (D E P I E ) , R ES I S T I R ,INCORPORARSE 132

S T E A L STOLE STOLENROBAR 133

S T I C K S T U C K S T U C KPEG A R , A D H E R I R , COLOCAR,A T A S C A R ( S E ) ,AGUANTAR, SOPORTAR 134

STING S T UNG S T U N GPICAR MORDER 135

STINK S T A N K S T U N KAPESTAR 1 36

S T R E W S T R E W E D S T R E W E D /S T R E W NE S P A R C I R , DERRAMAR 137

STRIDE S T R O D E STRIDDENDA R ZANCADAS 138

S T R I K E S T R U C K S T R U C KG O L P E A R HACER HUELGA 1 39

STRING S T R U N G STRUNGP O N E R C U E R D A S E N C O R D A R C O L G A RE N S A R T A R E N H E B R A R 1 40

S T R I V E S T R O V E S T R I V E NE S F O R Z A R S E , LUCHAR POR ALGO. . . 141

S W E A R S W O R E S W O R NJURAR 142

S W E E P S W E P T S W E P TBARRER 1 43

S W E L L S W E L LE D S W O L LE NHINCHAR, INFLAMAR 1 44

S W I M S W A M S W U MNADAR 145

S W I N G S W U N G S W U N GCOLUMPIARSE, C O L G A R ,BALANCEARSE 1 46

TAKE TOOK TAKENC O G ER , TOMAR 147

T E A CH T A UGH T T A UGH TENSENAR 1 48

TEAR TORE T O R ND E S G A R R A R A R R A N C A R R A S GA R . . 1 49

TELL TOLD TOLDDE CI R, CONTAR 150

THINK THOUGHT THOUGHTPEN S A R , CREER 151

THRIVE THROVE/THRIVEDT H R I V E NPROSPERAR 152

THROW T H R EW THROWN 1 5 3ARROJAR TIRAR 15 3

THRUST THRUST THRUSTCLAVAR INSERTAR E M P U J A R 15 4T R E A D - T R O D - T R O D D E N . . . . 1 5 5

PISAR APISONAR 155W A K E - W O K E W O K E N 1 5 6

DESPERTAR 156W E A R W O R E W O R N

LLEVAR PUESTO 157W E A V E - W O V E W O V E N

T E J E R , HILAR 1 58W E E P - W E P T W E P T

SOLLOZAR 159W I N - W O N W O N

GANAR 160W I N D W O U N D W O U N D

ENROSCAR, ENROLLAR, DEVANAR,OVILLAR 161

W R I NG W R U N G W R U N GRETORCER ESTRUJAR 162

W R I T E - W R O T E W R I T T E NESCRIBIR 163

A U X I L I A R Y O R MO DA L S 1 6 4B E W A S BEEN

S E R , ESTAR 1 6 4CA N/ B E A B L E TO

PODER 165HAVE HAD HAD

T ENER, T OMAR 166M AY MIGHT

P O D E R 167

M U S TD E B O , TENGO QU E 1 6 8OUGHT TO

DEBERIA 169S H O U L D

DEBERIA 17 0IMPER S O N A L 171T HERE TO B E

H A B E R I M P E R S O N A L ) 171


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MASTERING

THEIRREGULAR

VERBSANDMODALS

EDITORIAL S T A N LE Y


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ABIDE ABODE/ABIDED -ABIDEDTOLERAR, SOPORTAR, ACATAR, CUMPLIR.

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tto/ero he toleradoI abide I have abidedyou abide you have abidedhe/she/it abides he/sh e/it has abidedwe abide we have abidedyo u abide you have abidedthey abide they have abided

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c ttoleraba/tolere habia/hube toleradoI abode/abided I had abidedyou abode/ab ided you had ab idedhe/she /it abode/abided he/sh e/it has abidedwe abode/ab ided we had ab idedyo u abode/abided you hadabidedthey abode/abided they had ab ided

F u tu r etolerareIs hall/wil l abideyo uw il l abidehe/she/it w il l abidewes ha ll/wil l abideyou wil l abidetheyw il l abide

F u t u r e p e r f e c thabre toleradoI shall/wil l have abidedyo u will haveabidedhe/she/ i twil l have abidedwe shall/wil l have abidedyo uwil lhave abidedtheywill have abided

P r e s e n ttolerariaI shou ld/would ab ideyo uw ould ab idehe/she/i t wou ld ab idewe sho uld/would ab ideyo uw ould ab idethey wo uld abide

P e r f e c thabria toleradoIs hould/wou ld have abidedyou w ould have ab idedhe/she/ i t wou ldhave abidedwes hou ld/would have ab idedyou wou ld have abidedtheywo uld have ab ided

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n tto ereIabideyo u abidehe/she/it abideswe abideyou abidethey abide

P a s ttolerara o to/eraseI abode/abidedyou abode/abidedhe/she/ i t abode/abidedwe abode/abidedyou abode/abidedthey abode/abided

let meabideabidele t him /her/i t abidelet us (let 's) abideabidele tthem abide

I n f i n i t i v etolerarto abide

G e r u n dto lerandoabiding

P a r t i c i p l etoleradoabided

P r e s e n t p e r f e c thaya toleradoI have abidedyo u have abidedhe/she/it has abidedwe have ab idedyou have ab idedthey have ab ided

P a s t p e r f e c thub/era o hubiesetoleradoI ha d abidedyou had abidedhe/she/i t has abidedwe had abidedyo u had abidedthey had abided

no existe dejame tolerar)to I era tutolere el /e l la /e l loto le remos nosotrosto lerad vosotrostoleren el los

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sP e r f e c t I n f in i t i vehaber toleradoto have abided

P e r f e c t G e r u n dhabiendo toleradohaving abided

P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p l ehabiendo toleradohaving abided

S t a n l e y 1

I m p e r a t i v e

C o n d i t i o n a l

I n d i c a t i v e


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ARISE -AROSE ARISENSURGIR, LEVANTAR

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r fe c tsurjo he surgidoIarise Ihave arisenyo u arise yo u have arisenhe/she /it arises he/she /it hasarisenwe arise we have arisenyo uarise yo u have ar isenthey arise they have arisen

Past Past per fec tsurgia/surgi habia/hube surgidoI arose I hadarisenyo u arose you hadarisenhe/she/it arose he/she/it hadarisenwe arose we hadarisenyo u arose you hadar isenthey arose they had ar isen

Future Future perfec tsurgire habre surgidoI shall/will arise I shall/will have arisenyou will arise you will have arisenhe/she/it will arise he/she /it will have arise nwes hall/willarise we shall /wi l l have arisenyou willarise youwill have arisenthey wil l arise they wil l have arisen

C o n d i t i o n a lP r e s e n t P e r fe c tsurgiria habria surgidoI should/would arise Ishould/would have arisenyo u would arise yo u would have arisenhe/she/ it would arise he/she/it would have arisenwe should/wouldarise we should/would have arisenyo u would arise youwould have arisenthey would arise they would have arisen

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r fe c tsurja haya surgidoI arise I have arisenyo uar ise yo u have arisenhe/she/i t arises he/she/i t has arisenwearise weh ave ar isenyo uar ise yo u have arisenthey arise they have arisen

Pas t Past per fec tsurgiera o surgiese hubiera o hubiese surgido arose I had arisenyou arose you hadar isenhe/she/i t aros e he/she/i t hadarisenwe arose we had arisenyo u aroseh you hadar isenthey arose they had arisen

let mearise no existe dejame surgir)arise surgetulet him/her/it arise surja el/ella/ellolet us arise surjamos nosotrosarise surgid vosotrosle t them arise surjan ellos

Infinitive Perfect Infinitivesurgir haber surgidoarise to have arisen

G e r u n d P e r fe c t G e r u n dsurgiendo habiendo surgidoaris ing having arisen

Par t ic ip le Per fec t Par t ic ip lesurgido habiendo surgidoarisen having arisen

S ta n le y

S u b j u n c t i v e

I m p e r a t i v e

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m s


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AWAKE AWOKE AWOKENDESPERTAR SE)

I n d i c a t i v ePre s e n tm e) despiertoIawakeyou awakehe/she/il awakeswe awakeyou awakethey awake

Pa s tm e) despertaba/desperteI awokeyou awokehe/she/it awokewe awokeyo u awokethey awoke

Futurem e) despertareI shall/will awakeyo uwill awakehe/she/it will awakewe shall/will awakeyou willawakethey will awake

Pre s e n t p e r f e c tm e) he despertadoI have awokenyou have awokenhe/she/it has awokenwe have awokenyo uhave awokenthey have awoken

Past perfec t m e ) habia/hubedespertadoI hadawokenyou ha d awokenhe/she/it ha dawokenwe had awokenyou had awokenthey had awoken

Future perfect m e ) habre despertadoI shall/will have awokenyou will have awokenhe/she/it will have awokenwe shall/will have awokenyo uwillhave awokentheywill have awoken

C o n d i t i o n a lPre s e n tme) despertariaI should/would awakeyou would awakehe/she/itwould awakewe should/would awakeyou would awaketheywould awake

Pe r f e c tme) habria despertadoI should/would have awokenyo uwouldhave awokenhe/she/it would have awokenwe should/would have awokenyou would have awokenthey wouldhave awoken

S u b j u n c t i v ePre s e n tme) despierteIawakeyou awakehe/she/it awakeswe awakeyou awakethey awakePa s tm e) despertara odespertaseIawokeyou awokehe/she/it awokewe awokeyo u awokethey awoke

let meawakeawakelet him/her/it awakelet usawakeawakelet them awake

Infinitivedespertarto awake

Ge ru n ddespertandoawaking

Part ic ip ledespertadoawoken

P r e s e n t per fec t m e ) haya despertadoI have awokenyou have awokenhe/she/it has awokenwe have awokenyou have awokenthey have awoken

Past perfect m e ) hubiera ohubiesedespertadoI had awokenyou had awokenhe/she/it hadawokenwe ha d awokenyo u ha d awokenthey ha dawoken

no existe dejame despertar me))despierta tudespierte el/ella/ellodespertemosdespertaddespierten ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sPer f ec t Inf ini t ivehaber despertadoto have awoken

Perfec t Gerundhabiendo despertadohaving awoken

Perfec t Par t ic ip lehabiendo despertadohaving awoken

Stanley 3

I m p e r a t i v e


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BEAR BORE - BORNEAGUANTAR, RESISTIR, SOPORTAR

Pre s e n t P re s e n t p e r f e c t P re s e n t P re s e n t p e r f e c taguanto he aguantado aguante haya aguantadoIbear Ihave borne Ibear Ihave borneyo u bear yo uhave borne yo u bear yo u have bornehe/she/it bears he/she/it hasborne he/she /it bears he/sh e/it hasbornewe bear we have borne we bear we have borneyou bear youhave borne youbear yo uhave bornethey bear. they have borne they bear they have borne

Past Past perfec t Past Past perfec taguantaba/aguan te habia /hube aguantado aguantara o aguantase hubiera o hubiese aguantadoI bore I hadborne Ibore I hadborneyo u bore you hadborne yo u bore you hadbornehe/she/it bore he/she/it hadborne he/she /it bore he/she /it ha d bornewe bore we hadborne webore we hadborneyoubore you hadborne youbore you had bornethey bore they hadborne they bore they hadborne

aguantare habre aguantadoI shall/will bear I shall/will have borne let mebear no existe dejame aguantar)yo uwillbear yo uwillhaveborne bear aguanta tuhe/she/it will bear he/she/it will have borne let him/her/it bear aguante el/ella/ellowe sha ll/will bear we sha ll/will have borne let us (let's) bear aguantemos nosotrosyo uwill bear yo uwill have borne bear aguantad vosotrosthey will bear. they will have borne letthem bear aguanten ellos/ellas

aguantar haber aguantadoPre s e n t Pe r f e c t to bear to have borneaguantaria habria aguantado Gerund Perfec t Geru ndIshould/wouldbear Ishould/wouldhave borne . . . . .aguantando nabiendo aguantadoyou would bear you would have borne . . , . .bearing having bornehe/she/it wo uld bear he/she/it would have bornewe should/would bear weshould have borne Participle Pe r f e c tParticipleyo u would bear yo uwould have borne aguantado habiendo aguantadotheywouldbear theywouldhave borne borne having borne4 Stanley

I n d i c a t i v e

Future Future per fect


I m p e r a t i v e

C o n d i t i o n a lI m p e r s o n a l f o r m s

In f i n i t i ve Perfect In f in i t ive


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BEAT BEAT BEATENDERROTAR, VENCER, GOLPEAR, BATIR, SACUDIR.

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n tderrofoIbeatyo u beathe/she/it beatswe beatyou beatthey beat

P a s tderrotaba/derroteI beatyou beathe/she/it beatwe beatyou beatthey beat

F u tu r ederrotareIshall/will beatyou wil l beathe/she/it will beatwe shall/will beatyou wil l beatthey will beat

P r e s e n tderrotariaI should/would beatyou would beathe/she/it would beatwe should/would beatyo u would beatthey would beat

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the derrotadoI have beatenyo u have beatenhe/she/ith as beatenwe have beatenyou have beatenthey have beaten

P a s t p e r fe c thabia /hube derrotadoI hadbeatenyou hadbeatenhe/she/it had beatenwe had beatenyou had beatenthey had beaten

F u tu r e p e r fe c thabrederrotadoIshall/will have beatenyou will have beatenhe/she/it will have beatenwe shall/will have beatenyou wil l have beatentheywill have beaten

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria derrotadoI should/would have beatenyou would have beatenhe/she/it would have beatenwe should/would have beatenyo uwould havebeatentheywould have beaten

Presen t Present per fec tdenote haya derrotadoI beat Ihave beatenyo u beat yo u have beatenhe/she/it beats he/she/it ha s beatenwe beat we have beatenyou beat you have beatenthey beat they have beatenP a s t P a s t p e r fe c tderrotara o derrotase hubiera o hubiese derrotadoIbeat I hadbeatenyo u beat you had beatenhe/sh e/it beat he/she/it ha dbeatenwe beat we had beatenyou beat you had beatenthey beat they had beaten

let me beat no existe dejame derrotar)beat derrotat ulet him/her/it beat denote el/ella/ellolet usbeat derrotemos nosotrosbeat derrotad vosotroslet them beat derroten el los

I n f in i t i ve P e r fe c t I n f in i t i vederrotar haber derrotadoto beat to have beaten

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dderrotando habiendo derrotadobeating having beaten

P a r t i c ip le P e r fe c t P a r t i c ip lederrotado habiendo derrotadobeaten having beaten

S t a n l e y 5


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BECOMEBECAMEBECOMELLEGAR A SER, HACERSE

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n t//ego a serIbecomeyou becomehe/she/it becomeswe becomeyo u becomethey become

P a s tllegaba/llegue a serI becameyou becamehe/she/it becamewe becameyo u becamethey became

Futurel legarea serI shall/wil l becomeyo u willbecomehe/she/it wil l becomewe shall/wil l becomeyo u will becomethey wil l become

P r e s e n t

P r e s e n t p e r fe c the llegadoa serI have becomeyou have becomehe/she/it has becomewe have becomeyo u have becomethey have become

P a s t p e r fe c thabia/hube l legado a serI hadbecomeyou had becomehe/she/it hadbecomewe had becomeyou had becomethey had become

F u tu r e p e r fe c thabre l legado a serI shall/wil l have becomeyo u willhave becomehe/she/it wil l have becomewe shall/wil l have becomeyou wil l have becomethey wil l have become

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c t

llegaria a serI should/wouldbecomeyou would becomehe/she/it would becomewe should/would becomeyou would becomethey would become

habria llegadoa serI should/wouldhave becomeyou would have becomehe/she/it would have becomewe should/would have becomeyou would have becomethey wouldhave become


P r e s e n tllegue a serI becomeyou becomehe/she/it becomeswe becomeyo u becomethey become

P a s tl legara o llegase a serI becameyo u becamehe/she/it becamewebecameyo ubecametheybecame

let mebecomebecomelet him/her/it becomele t us(let 's) becomebecomelet them become

Inf init ivel legara serto become

G e r u n dl legando a serbecoming

Participlel legado a serbecome

P r e s e n t p e r fe c thaya llegadoa serI have becomeyo u have becomehe/she/it has becomewe have becomeyo uhave becomethey have become

P a s t p e r fe c thubiera o hubiese llegado a serI ha dbecomeyou had becomehe/she/it ha dbecomewe had becomeyo u ha d becomethey hadbecome

I m p e r a t i v eno existe dejame llegar a ser)llega a ser tullegue a ser el/ella/ellol leguemos a ser nosotros//egada ser vosotroslleguen a se r ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sPer fec t In f in i t ivehaber l legado a serto have become

P e r fe c t G e r u n dhabiendo l legado a serhaving become

Per fec t Participlehabiendo l legado a serhavingbecome

6 S ta n le y


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BEGIN BEGAN BEGUNEMPEZAR, COMENZAR

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c temp/ezo he empezadoI begin Ihave begunyou begin you have begunhe/she/i t begins he/she/i t has begunwe begin we have begunyou begin you have begunthey begin they have begun

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c temp ezaba/empece habia/hube emp ezadoI began I hadbegunyou began you had begunhe/she /i t began he/she/i t had begunwe began we had begunyou began you had begunthey began they had begun

F ut u r e F u t u r e pe r f ec tempezare habre empezadoIs hall /wi l l begin I shall /wi l l have begunyou wi l l begin you wi l l have begunhe/she/i t wi l l begin he/she/i t wi l l have begunwe sha ll /wi ll begin we sha l l /wi ll have begunyou wi l lbegin yo u wil l have begunthey wil l begin they wil l have begun

C o n d i t i o n a lPresent P e r f e c t

emp ezaria habria emp ezadoI should/would begin Ishould/would have begunyou would begin you would have begunhe/she /i t would begin he/she/i t would have begunwe should/would begin we should/would have begunyou would begin you would have begunthey would begin they would have begun

S t a n l e y

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tempiece haya empezadoI begin Ihave begunyou begin you have begunhe/she/i t begins he/she/i t has begunwe begin we have begunyou begin you have begunthey begin they have begun

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tempe zara/empezase hubiera/hubiese emp ezadoI began I hadbegunyou began you had begunhe/she/it began he/sh e/i t had begunwe began we had begunyou began you had begunthey began they hadbegun

I m p e r a t i v ele t m e begin no existe dejame empezar )begin emp ieza tulet him/her/it begin empiece el/ella/ellolet us (let's) begin empecemos nosotrosbegin empezad vosotrosle t them begin emp iecen el los

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sIn f in i t ive Pe r fec t Inf in i t iveempezar haber empezadoto begin to have begun

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dempezando hab iendo empezadobeginning having begun

P a r t i c i p l e P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p l eempezado hab iendo empezadobegun having begun

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BEND -BENT -BENTDOBLAR, TORCER, CURVAR

P r e s e n tdobloI bendyou bendhe/she/it bendswe bendyou bendthey bend

P a s tdoblaba/dobleIbentyo u benthe/she/it bentwe bentyo u bentthey bent

F u tu r edoblareI shall/will bendyou wil l bendhe/sh e/it will bendwe shall/wil l bendyo u will bendthey will bend

P r e s e n tdob/ariaI should/would bendyou would bendhe/she/it would bendwe should/would bendyo uwo uld bendthey would bend

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the do b ado

I have bentyo u have benthe/she/it ha sbentwe have bentyo u have bentthey have bent

P a s tp e r f e c thabia/hube dob/ado

I ha d bentyou had benthe/she/it had bentwe hadbentyou hadbenttheyhad bent

F u tu r e p e r fe c thabre dob/adoI shall/will have bentyo uwill have benthe/she/it will have bentweshall/wil l have bentyo u will have benttheyw ill have bent

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria dob/adoI should/would have bentyo uwo uld have benthe/she/i t would have bentwe should/would have bentyo uwou ld have bentthey would have bent

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tdob/e hayadob/adoI bend Ihave bentyou bend you have benthe/she/it bends he/she/it ha sbentwe bend wehavebentyo u bend you have bentthey bend they have bent

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tdoblara/doblase hubiera/hubiesedob/adoIbent I hadbentyo u bent you hadbenthe/she/it bent he/she /it had bentwe bent we hadbentyoubent you hadbentthey bent they hadbent

I m p e r a t i v elet mebend no existe dejame doblar)bend dob/atulet him/he r/i t bend dob/e el/e//a/e//olet us (let's) bend doblemos nosotrosbend dob/advosotrosle t them bend dob/en e//os

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sI n f in i t ive P e r fe c t I n f in i t i vedoblar haberdob/adoto bend to have bent

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n ddoblando habiendodob/adobending having bent

P a r t i c i p le P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p l edob/ado habiendo dob/adobent having bent

8 S t a n l e y

n d i c t i v e


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BESEECHBESOUGHTBESOUGHTSUPLICAR, IMPLORAR.

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tsuplico he suplicadoIbeseech Ihave besoughtyou beseech you have besoughthe/she/itbeseeches he/she/ithasbesoughtwe beseech we have besoughtyou beseech you have besoughtthey beseech they have besought

P a s t P a s t p e r fe c tsuplicaba/suplique habiaJ hube suplicadoIbesought I hadbesoughtyou besought you had besoughthe/she/it besought he/she/it had besoug htwe besought we had besoughtyou besought you had besoughtthey besought they had besoug ht

F u tu r e F u tu r e p e r fe c tsuplicare habre suplicadoIsha ll/will beseech Ishall/willhavebesoughtyouwill beseech youwill have besoughthe/she/it will beseech he/she/it will have besoughtweshall/will beseech we shall/will have besoughtyouwill beseech youwill have besoughtthey will beseech they will have besought

C o n d i t i o n a lPresent Perfectsuplicaria habria suplicadoI should/would beseech I should/would have besoughtyou wouldbeseech youwould havebesoughthe/she/it would beseech he/she/it would have besoughtwe should/would we should/would have

beseech besoughtyou would beseech you would have besoug htthey would beseech they would have besought

S t a n l e y

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t per fec tsuplique haya suplicadoI beseech I have besou ghtyou beseech you have besoughthe/she/itbeseeches he/she/ithas besoughtwe beseech we have besoughtyou beseech you have besoughtthey beseech they have besoughtP a s t P a s t p e r fe c tsuplicara o suplicase hubiera o hubiese suplicadoI besought I hadbesoughtyou besought you had besoughthe/she/it besought he/she/it hadbesoughtwe besought we had besoughtyou besought you had besoughtthey besought they had besought

I m p e r a t i v elet mebeseech no existe dejame suplicar)beseech suplicale t him/her/it beseech suplique el/ella/ellolet us (let's)beseech supliquemosbeseech suplicadle t them beseech supliquen

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sIn f in i t ive Per fe c t In f in i t ivesuplicar haber suplicadotobeseech to have besought

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dsuplicando habiendo suplicadobeseeching having besought

P a r t i c ip le P e r fe c t P a r t i c ip lesuplicado habiendo suplicadobesought havingbesought

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BET -BET BETAPOSTAR

P r e s e n tapuestoI betyou bethe/she/it betswe be tyou betthey bet

P a s tapostaba/aposte

I be tyou bethe/she/it betwe betyou betthey bet

Futureapostare

Ishall/willbetyo u willbethe/she/it willbe twe shall/will betyo u will betthey wil lb et

P r e s e n tapostariaIshould/would betyo uwouldbethe/she/i t would be twes hould/would betyo u would bettheywo uld bet1

P r e s e n t p e r fe c the apostado have betyou have bethe/she/i t has betwe haveb etyo u have be tthey have be t

Past per fec thabia/hube apostadoI had be tyo u had bethe/she/ithad betwehad betyou had betthey had bet

Future per fec thabre apostado

I shall/will havebetyo uwill have bethe/she/it will havebetwe shall/will have betyo uwil l haveb etthey will have be t

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r fe c thabria apostadoI should/would have betyo u would have be the/she/i t would havebe twe should/would havebetyo u would havebetthey would have bet

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r fe c tapueste haya apostadoI bet Ihavebe tyou bet you have be the/she /it bets he/she/it has betwe bet we have be tyou bet you have betthey be t they haveb et

P a s t P a s t p e r fe c tapo stara/apostase hubiera/hubiese apo stadoI bet I had betyo u bet you had bethe/she/it bet he/she/ ith ad betwe bet we had betyou bet you had betthey be t they had bet

let me bet no exists dejame apostar)be t apueste tule t him/her/it be t apueste el/ella/ellolet us(let's) be t apostemos nosotrosbe t apostad vosotroslet them be t apuesten el los


Inf ini t ive P e r fe c t Inf ini t iveapostar haber apostadoto bet to have bet

G e r u n d P e r fe c t G e r u n dapostando habiendo apostadobett ing having bet

Part ic ip le Perfec t Par t ic ip leapostado habiendo apostadobet having bet

S t a n l e y

I n d i c a t i v e S u b j u n c t i v e

I m p e r a t i v e


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BID BADE BIDDENMANDAR, ORDENAR, INVITAR, DAR.

P r e s e n tordenoI b i dyo u bidhe/she/it bidswe bidyo u b idthey bi d

P a s tordenaba/ordene

I badeyou badehe/she/i t badewe badeyo u badethey bade

F ut u r eordenareI shall/will bidyo u will bidhe/she/it will bidwe shall/will bidyo u will bidthey will bid

P r e s e n tordenariaI should/would bidyo u would bidhe/she/it would bidwe should/would bidyo u would bidthey would bid

S t a n l e y

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the ordenadoI have biddenyo u havebiddenhe/she/i t hasbiddenwe have biddenyo u have biddenthey have bidden

Pas t pe r f ec thabia/hube ordenado

I ha d biddenyo u hadbiddenhe/she/it had biddenwe had biddenyo u had biddenthey had bidden

F ut u r e pe r f ec thabre ordenado

I shall/will have biddenyo u will have biddenhe/she/it will have biddenwe shall/will have biddenyo u will have biddenthey wil l havebidden

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria ordenadoI should/would have biddenyo u would havebiddenhe/she/i t would have biddenwe should/would have biddenyo u would have biddenthey would have bidden

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c t

ordene haya ordenadoI bid Ihave biddenyo u bid you have biddenhe/she/i t bids he/she/it has biddenwe bid we havebiddenyou b id you havebiddenthey bid they havebidden

Pas t Pas t pe r f ec tordena ra/ordenase hubiera/hubiese ordenad oI bade I hadbiddenyo u bade you hadbiddenhe/she/it bade he/she /it had biddenwe bade we hadbiddenyo u bade you hadbiddenthey bade they had bidden

let me bid no existe dejame ordenar)bid ordena tule t him/her/it bid ordene el/ella/ellole t us (let's) bid ordenemos nosotrosbid ordenad vosotrosle t them bid ordenen el los

Inf in i t ive Pe r f ec t In f in i t iveordenar haber ordenadoto bid to have bidden

Ger und Per f ec t Ger u ndordenando habiendo ordenadobidding having bidden

Par t i c i p l e Pe r f ec t Pa r t i c i p leordenado habiendo ordenadobidden having bidden

I n d i c a t i v e

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BIND-BOUND -BOUNDATAR, AMARRAR, ENVOLVER, UNIR, VENDAR

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tato he atadoIbind Ihave boundyo u bind you have boundhe/she/it binds he/she/it has boundwe bind we have boundyo u bind yo uhave boundthey bind they havebound

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tataba/ate habia/hube atadoI bound I had boundyo u bound you had boundhe/she/it bound he/she/it hadboundwe bound we had boundyo u bound you hadboundthey bound they had bound

F u tu r e F u tu r e p e r fe c tatare habre atadoI sh all/will bind I sh all/will have boundyo u will bind you will have boundhe/she/i twill bind he/she/it wil l have boundwe shall/will bind we shall/wil l have boundyouwill bind you wil l have boundthey will bind they wil l have bound

C o n d i t i o n a lPresent Perfectataria habr ia atadoI sho uld/would bind I shou ld/would have boundyo u would bind youwouldhaveboundhe/she/it wou ld bind he/she/it wo uld have boundwe should/would b ind we should/would have boundyou would b ind you would have boundthey would b ind they would have bound12

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tate haya atadoIbind Ihave boundyou b ind you have boundhe/she/it binds he/she/it has boundwe bind we have boundyou bind you have boundthey bind they have bound

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tatara oatase hubiera ohu biese atadoI bound I had boundyou bound you had boundhe/she/it bound he/she/it had boundwe bound we had boundyou bound you had boundthey bound they had bound

let mebind no existe dejame atar)bind ata tulet him /her/it bind ate e//e//a/e//olet usbind atemos nosotrosbind atad vosotrosthey them bind aten el los

Infinitive Per fec t Infinitiveatar haber atadoto bind to have bound

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n datando habiendo a tadobinding having bound

P a r t i c i p l e P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p l eatado habiendo atadobound having bound

S t a n l e y

I m p e r a t i v e



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BITE BIT BITTENMORDER, PICAR

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n tmuerdoI b i teyo u bitehe/she/it biteswe biteyou bitetheybite

P a s tmordia/mordiIb i tyou bi the/she/it bitwebityo u b itthey bit

F u tu r emordereI shall/will biteyo u will bitehe/she/it willbitewe shall/will biteyo u will bitethey will bite

P r e s e n t p e r fe c the mordidoI have bit tenyo u have bit tenhe/she/i t has bittenwe have bit tenyo u have bit tenthey have bit ten

P a s t p e r fe c thabia/hube mordidoI ha d bittenyo u had bittenhe/she/she/i t had bittenwe hadbittenyo u hadbittenthey hadbitten

P r e s e n tmorderiaI should/would biteyou would bitehe/she/it would b itewe should/would biteyo u would bitethey wouldbite

S t a n l e y

F u tu r e p e r fe c thabre mordidoI shall/will have bittenyo uwil l have bit tenhe/she/it will have bittenwe shall/will have bittenyo uwil l have bit tenthey will have bitten

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r fe c thabria mordidoI should/would have bit tenyo u would have bit tenhe/she/i t would have bit tenwe should/would have bit tenyo u would have bit tenthey would have bit ten

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t perfectmuerda haya mordidoI bite Ihave bit tenyo u bite yo u have bit tenhe/she /it bites he/she /it has bittenwe bite we have bit tenyo u bite yo u have bit tenthey bite they have bit ten

P a s t P a s t perfectmordiera o mordiese hubiera o hubiese mordidoI bit I had bittenyou bit you had bittenhe/she/it bi t he/she/it hadbittenwe b i t we had bittenyou bit you had bittenthey bit they had bitten

I m p e r a t i v ele tm ebite no existe dejame morder)bite muerde tule t him/her/it bite muerda el/ella/ellole t us(let's) bite mordamos nosotrosbite morded vosotrosle tthem bite muerdanellos

infinitive P e r f e c t Infinitivemorder haber mordidoto bite to have bit ten

G e r u n d P e r f e c t Gerundmordiendo habiendo mordidobit ing having bitten

Participle P e r f e c t Participlemordido habiendo mordidobit ten having bit ten

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BLEED BLED BLEDSANGRAR, DESANGRAR.

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tsangro hesangrado

I bleed I have bledyou bleed yo u have bledhe/she /i t bleeds he/she/i t hasbledwe bleed w e havebledyou bleed you have bledthey bleed they have bled

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tsangraba/sangre habia/hube sangradoI bled I hadbledyo u bled you hadbledhe/she/i t bled he/she/i t hadbledwe bled we hadbledyou bled you hadbledthey bled they hadbled

F u t u r e F u t u r e pe r f ec tsangrare habre sangradoI sha l l /wi ll bleed I sh al l /wi l l have bledyo uw il l bleed yo u will havebledhe/she/i t wi l l bleed he/she/i t wi l l have bledwe shall /wi l l bleed we shall /wi l l have bledyo uwil l bleed yo uwil l have bledthey wil l bleed they wil l have bled

C o n d i t i o n a lP r e s e n t P e r f e c tsangraria habria sangradoIshould/would bleed Ishould/would havebledyo u would bleed yo u would have bledhe/she/i t wou ld bleed he/she/i t wou ld have bledwe should/would bleed weshould/wouldhavebledyou would b leed you would havebledthey would b leed they would have bled14

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tsangre hube sangradoIbleed I have bledyou bleed yo u have bledhe/she/i t bleeds he/she /i t has bledwe bleed we have bledyou bleed yo u have bledthey bleed they have bled

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tsangrara/sangrase hubiera/hubiese sangradoI bled I had bledyou bled you hadbledhe/she/i t bled he/she /i t had bledwe bled we hadbledyo u bled you had bledthey bled they had bled

le t m ebleed no existe dejame sangrar)bleed sangra tule thim/her/ i t bleed sangre el/ella/ellolet us (let's) bleed sangremos nosotrosbleed sangrad vosotrosle t them bleed sangren el los

I n f i n i t iv e Pe r f ec t I n f i n i t i v esangrar haber sangradoto bleed to have bled

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dsangrando hab iendo sangradobleeding having bled

Par t i c i p l e Pe r f ec t Pa r t i c i p l esangrado hab iendo sangradobled having bled

S t a n l e y

I n d i c a t i v e

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BLOW BLEW BLOWNSOPLAR

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n tsop/oIblowyou blowhe/she/it blowswe blowyou blowthey blow

P a s tsop/aba/sop/eI blewyo u blewhe/she/it blewwe blewyo u blewthey blew

Futuresop/areI shall/will blowyouwill blowhe/she/it will blowwe shall/will blowyou will blowtheywill blow

P r e s e n tsoplariaI should/would blowyou would blowhe/she/it would blowwe shou ld/would blowyou would blowthey wouldblow

S t a n l e y

P r e s e n t p e r fe c the sop/adoI have blownyo u have blownhe/she/it has blownwe have blownyou have blownthey have blown

P a s t p e r fe c thabia/hube sop/ado

I ha d blownyou had blownhe/she/it had blownwe had blownyou hadblownthey had blown

Future per fec thabresop/ado

Ishall/wil l have blownyou wil l have blownhe/she/it wil l have blownwe shall/wil l have blownyou wil l have blowntheywill have blown

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria sop/adoI should/would have blownyou would have blownhe/she/it would have blownwe should/would have blownyou would have b lownthey wouldhave blown

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t perfectsop/e haya sop/ado

I blow Ihave blownyo ublow yo u have blownhe/she/it blows he/she/it has blownwe blow we have blownyou blow you have blownthey blow they have blown

P a s t P a s t perfectsoplara/soplase hubiera/hubiese sop/adoI blew I had blownyou blew you had blownhe/she/i t blew he/she/it had blownwe blew we had blownyo u blew you hadblownthey blew they hadblown

I m p e r a t i v elet m eblow no existe dejame soplar)blow sop/a tulet him/her/it blow sop/e el/ella/ellolet us(let's)blow soplemos nosotrosblow sop/advosotroslet them blow sop/en ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sInf ini t ive Per fect Infini t ivesoplar haber sop/adoto blow to have blown

Gerund P e r f e c t G e r u n dsop/ando habiendosop/adoblowing having blown

Participle Perfect Participlesop/ado habiendo sopladoblown having blown

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BREAK BROKE BROKENROMPER

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n trompoI breakyou breakhe/she/it breakswe breakyou breakthey break

P a s trompia/rompi

I brokeyo u brokehe/she/it brokewe brokeyou brokethey broke

F u tu r erompereI shall/will breakyou will breakhe/she/it wil l breakwe shall/will breakyou wil l breakthey will break

P r e s e n tromperiaI should/would breakyou would breakhe/she/it would breakwe should/would breakyo uwo uld breakthey would break

Present per fec the rotoI have brokenyou have brokenhe/she/it hasbrokenwe have brokenyou have brokenthey have broken

P a s t p e r fe c thabia/hube rotoI hadbrokenyo u had brokenhe/she/it had brokenwe had brokenyou had brokenthey had broken

F u tu r e p e r fe c thabre rotoI shall/will have brokenyo uwil l have brokenhe/she/it wil l have brokenweshall/will have brokenyou wil l have brokenthey will have broken

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria rotoI should/would have brokenyou would have brokenhe/she/it would have brokenwe should/would have brokenyou would have brokenthey would have broken

P r e s e n trompaI breakyou breakhe/she/it breakswebreakyou breakthey break

P a s trom piera rom piese

I brokeyo u brokehe/she/it brokewe brokeyou brokethey broke

Present per fec thaya rotoI have brokenyo u have brokenhe/she/it has brokenwe havebrokenyou have brokenthey have broken

P a s t p e r fe c thubiera/hubiese roto

I hadbrokenyou had brokenhe/she/it hadbrokenwe had brokenyou hadbrokenthey had broken

I m p e r a t i v elet mebreakbreakle t him/her/i t breaklet us (let's) breakbreakle t them break

I n f in i t i veromperto break

G e r u n drompiendobreaking

P a r t i c ip lerotobroken

no existe dejame romper)rompe turompa el/ella/ellorompamos nosotrosromped vosotrosrompan ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sPer fec t In f in i t ivehaber rototo havebroken

P e r fe c t G e r u n dhabiendo rotohaving broken

P e r fe c t P a r t i c i p l ehabiendo rotohaving broken

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BREED BRED BREDCRIARf GENERAR, ENGENDRAR

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tcrio hecriadoIbreed Ihavebredyo u breed yo u have bredhe/she/it breeds he/she /it has bredwe breed we have bredyou breed you have bredthey breed they have bred

P ast P as t per fec tcriaba/crie habia/hube criadoI bred I had bredyou bred you had bredhe/she/it bred he/she/it had bredwe bred we had bredyo ubred you had bredthey bred they had bred

Future Future per fec tchare habre criadoI sh all/will breed I sha ll/will have bredyou will breed you will have bredhe/she/it will breed he/she/it will have bredwe sha ll/will breed we sha ll/will have bredyou will breed you will have bredtheywill breed they will have bred

C o n d i t i o n a lP resent P er fec tcriaria habria criadoI should/would breed Ishould/would have bredyou would breed you would have bredhe/she/it would breed he/she/it would have bredwe should/wou ld breed we should/would have bredyo uwould breed you would have bredthey would breed they would have bred

St an l ey

P r e s e n t P resent per fec tcrie haya criadoIbreed Ihavebredyou breed you have bredhe/she/it breeds he/she /it has bredwe breed we have bredyou breed you have bredthey breed they have bred

P ast P as t per fec tcriara ocriase hubieraohubie se criadoIbred I hadbredyou bred you had bredhe/she/it bred he/she/it had bredwe bred we hadbredyou bred you had bredtheybred they had bred

I m p e r a t i v elet mebreed no existe dejame criar)breed criatulet him/her/it breed crie el/ella/ellolet us(let's) breed criemos nosotrosbreed criad vosotrosle tthem breed crien ellos

Inf in i t ive Perfec t Inf in i t ivecriar haber criadotobreed to have bred

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dcriando habiendo criadobreeding having bred

P ar t i c ip le P er fec t P ar t i c ip lecriado habiendo criadobred having bred

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BRINGBROUGHTBROUGHTTRAER

PresenttraigoI bringyou bringhe/she/it bringswe bringyou bringtheybring

Pastt r a i a / t r a j eI broughtyo u broughthe/she/it broughtwe broughtyou broughtthey brought

Futuretraere

Ishall/will bringyouwillbringhe/she/it will bringwe shall/will bringyou will bringthey will bring

Present per fecthe traido

I have broughtyou have broughthe/she/it has broughtwe have broughtyou have broughtthey have brought

Past per fecthabia/hube traidoI had broughtyou hadbroughthe/she/it had broughtwe had broughtyou had broughtthey had brought

Future perfecthabre traido

Ishall/will have broughtyouwillhavebroughthe/she/it will have broughtwe shall/will have broughtyouwill have broughtthey will have brought

C o n d i t i o n a lPresenttraeriaI should/would bringyouwouldbringhe/she/it would bringwe should/would bringyou would bringthey would bring

Perfecthabria traidoI should/would have broughtyouwould have broughthe/she/it would have broughtwe should/would have broughtyo u would have broughtthey would have brought

Pre s e n ttraigaIbringyo u bringhe/she/it bringswe bringyou bringthey bringPastt r a j e r a / t r a j e s eI broughtyou broughthe/she/it broughtwe broughtyou broughtthey brought

let mebringbringlet him/her/it bringlet us (let's) bringbringlet them bring

Infinitivetraerto bring

Gerundtrayendobringing

Participletraidobrought

Present per fecthaya traido

Ihave broughtyo u have broughthe/she/it hasbroughtwe have broughtyo u have broughtthey have brought

Past per fecthubiera/hubiese traidoI hadbroughtyou hadbroughthe/she/it had broughtwe had broughtyou had broughtthey had brought

I m p e r a t i v eno existe dejame t r a e r )trae tutraiga el/elia/ellotraigamos nosotrostraed vosotrostraigan ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sPerfect Infinitivehaber traidoto have brought

Perfect Gerundhabiendo traidohaving brought

Perfect Par t ic ip lehabiendo traidohaving brought

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BUILD BUILT BUILTCONSTRUIR, EDIFICAR

P r e s e n tconstruyoIbuildyou buildhe/she/ i t buildswe buildyo u buildthey build

P a s tconstruia/construi

I builtyou bui l the/she/it builtwe builtyo u builtthey built

FutureconstruireI shall/will buildyou will buildhe/she/it will buildwe shall/will buildyou willbuildthey wi l lbuild

P r e s e n tconstruiriaI should/would buildyo u wouldbuildhe/she/ i t would buildwe should/would buildyou would buildthey would build

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the construidoI havebuiltyou have builthe/she/it ha s builtwe have bui l tyo u have builtthey have built

P a s t p e r f e c thabia/hube construidoI had builtyou had builthe/she/it had builtwe hadbuiltyo u had builtthey ha d built

F u t u r e p e r f e c thabre construidoI shall/will have builtyouwill have builthe/she/it will have builtwe shall/will have builtyou will have builtthey will havebuilt

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria construidoI should/would havebuiltyou would have bui l the/she/it would have builtwe should/would have bui l tyou would have bui l tthey wouldhavebuilt

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tconstruya haya construidoIbuild Ihavebuiltyou build you have builthe/she/it builds he/she/it has builtwe build we have builtyo u build you have bui l tthey build they have built

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tconstruyera/con struyese hubiera/hubiese construidoIbuilt I hadbuiltyo u built you hadbuilthe/she/it built he/she /it hadbuiltwe built we had builtyo u built you had builtthey built they had built

I m p e r a t i v elet mebuild no existe dejame construir)build construye tulet him/her/it build construya el/ella/ellolet us (let's)build construyamos nosotrosbuild construid vosotrosle tthem build construyan ellos

In f in i t ive Pe r fec t In f in i t iveconstruir haber construidoto build to have built

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dconstruyendo habiendo construidobuilding having built

P a r t i c i p l e P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p l econstruido habiendo construidobuilt havingbuilt

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B U R NB U R N T / B U R N E DB U R N T / B U R N E DQUEMAR, ARDER

I n d i c a t i v eP r e s e n tardoI burnyo uburnhe/she/it burnswe burnyo u burnthey burn

P a s tardia/ardiI burnt/burnedyou burntyburnedhe/she/it burnt/burnedwe burnt/burnedyo u burnt/burnedthey burnt/burned

Fut ur eardereI shall/will burnyo u will burnhe/she/it will burnwe s hall/wil l burnyouwill burnthey will burn

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the ardido have burnt/burnedyo u have burnt/burnedhe/she/it has burnt/burnedwe have burnt/burnedyo u haveburnt/burnedthey have burnt/burned

P a s t p e r f e c thabia/hube ardidoI ha d burnt/burnedyou had burnt/burnedhe/she/it had burnt/burnedwe hadburnt/burnedyou had burnt/burnedthey had burnt/burned

Fut ur e pe r f ec thabreardidoI shall/wil l have burnt/burnedyo u will haveburnt/burnedhe/she/it wil l have burnt/burnedwe shall/wil l have burnt/burnedyo u will have burnt/burnedthey wil l have burnt/burned

C o n d i t i o n a lP r e s e n tarderiaI should/would burnyo u would burnhe/she/it would burnwe should/would burnyo u would burnthey would burn

P e r f e c thabriaardidoI should/would have burnt/burnedyo u would have burnt/burnedhe/she/it would have burnt/burnedwe should/would have burnt/burnedyou would have burnt/burnedthey would haveburnt/burned

S u b j u n c t i v eP r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tarda haya ardidoI burn I have burnt/burnedyou burn yo u have burnt/burnedhe/she/it burns he/sh e/it hasburnt/burnedwe burn we have burnt/burnedyo u burn yo u haveburnt/burnedthey burn they have burnt/burnedP a s t P a s t p e r f e c tardiera o ardiese hubierao hubiese ardidoIburnt/burned I had burnt/burnedyo uburnt/burned you hadburnt/burnedhe/she/it burnt/burn ed he/she/it had burnt/burnedwe burnt/burned we had burnt/burnedyo u burnt/burned you hadburnt/burnedthey burnt/burned they had burnt/burned

let me burn no existe defame arder)burn ardetule t him/her/it burn arda el/ella/ellolet us(let 's burn) ardamos nosotrosburn arded vosotrosle t them burn ardan el los

Infinitive Perfect Inf init ivearder haber ardidoto burn to haveburnt/burned

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dardiendo habiendo ardidoburning having burnt

Part iciple Perfect Part icipleardido habiendo ardidoburnt having burnt

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BURST BURST BURSTREVENTAR, DESBORDAR, ABRIRSE DE GOLPE

Present Present p e r f e c treviento he reventadoIburst Ihave burstyo uburs t yo uhave burs the/she/it burs ts he/sh e/it hasburs twe burst wehave burs tyo uburs t yo u have burstthey burst they have burst

P a s t P a s t p e r fe c treventaba/revente habia/hube reventadoI burst I hadburs tyo u burs t you hadburs the/she/itburst he/she/it hadburstwe burs t we hadburs tyo uburs t you hadburs tthey burst they hadburst

Future Future perfec treventare habre reventadoI shall/will burst I shall/will have burstyo u will burst yo uwill have bursthe/she/i t willburst he/she/i t wi l l have burstwe shall/willburst weshall/willhave burstyo uwil l burst youwill have burstthey will burst they will have burs t

P r e s e n t P e r fe c treventaria habria reventad oI should/would burst Ishould/would have burstyo u would burst yo u would have bursthe/she/it wouldburst he/she/it would have burstwe should/would burst we should/would have burstyo u wouldburst you wouldhave burstthey would burst theywould have burst

S t a n l e y

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t per fec treviente haya reventadoI burst Ihave burstyo u burst yo u have bursthe/she/it burs ts he/she /it hasburs twe burst we have burstyo uburs t yo u have burstthey burst they have burst

Past Past per fec treventara o reventase hubiera o hubiese reventadoIburst I hadburstyo uburs t you hadburs the/she/itburst he/she/it hadburstweburst we hadburs tyo uburst you hadbursttheyburst they hadburst

I m p e r a t i v elet me burst no existe dejame reventar)burs t revienta tule t him/her/it burst reviente el/ella/ellolet us (let's) burst reventemos nosotrosburs t reventad vosotroslet them burst revienten ellos

Infinitive Per fec t Infinitivereventar haber reventadoto burst tohave burs t

G e r u n d P e r fe c t G e r u n dreventando habiendo reventadobursting havingburst

Par t ic ip le Per fe c t Par t ic ip lereventado habiendo reventadoburst having burst

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P r e s e n tcomproI buyyou buyhe/she/it buyswe buyyou buythey buy

P a s tcompraba/compreI boughtyou boughthe/she/it boughtwe boughtyou boughtthey bought

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHTC O M P R A R A D Q U I R I R

FuturecomprareIs hall/willbu yyou wil l buyhe/she/it will buywe shall/willbu yyou willbu ytheywillbuy

P r e s e n tcomprariaIs hould/wouldbu yyo uwo uld buyhe/she/it would buywesh ould/would buyyo uwouldbu ythey wouldbuy

Pre s e n t p e r f e c the compradoI have boughtyou have boughthe/she/it has boughtwe have boughtyou have boughtthey have bought

P a s t p e r fe c thabia/hube compradoI had boughtyou had boughthe/she/it had boughtwe hadboughtyou had boughtthey had bought

Future p e r f e c thabre compradoI shall/wil l have boughtyou wil l have boughthe/she/it will have boughtwe shall/will have boughtyou wil l have boughtthey will have bought

C o n d i t i o n a lP e r f e c thabria compradoIsh ould/would have boughtyo u would have boughthe/she/it w ould have boughtwe should/would have boughtyou would haveboughtthey would have bought

P r e s e n tcompreI buyyou buyhe/she/it buyswe buyyou buythey buyP a s tcomprara o c ompraseI boughtyo u boughthe/she/it boughtwe boughtyo u boughtthey bought

let me buybu ylet him/her/it buylet us(let's) bu y ylet them buy

In f in i t ivecomprarto buy

G e r u n dcomprandobuying

P a r t i c ip lecompradobought

Present per fec thaya compradoI have boughtyou have boughthe/she/it has boughtwe have boughtyou have boughtthey have bought

P a s t p e r fe c thub/era o hubiese compradoI hadboughtyou had boughthe/she/it hadboughtwe had boughtyo u had boughtthey had bought

I m p e r a t i v eno existe dejame comp rar)compra tucompre el/ella/ellocompremos nosotroscomprad vosotroscompren ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sPer fec t In f in i t ivehaber compradoto have bought

P e r fe c t G e r u n dhabiendo compradohaving bought

P e r fe c t P a r t i c ip lehabiendo compradohaving bought

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CAST CAST CASTARROJAR, PROYECTAR, ECHAR

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tarrojo haya arrojadoIcast Ihave castyou cast you have casthe/she/it cas ts he/she/it hascastwecast wehave castyo ucas t yo uhave cas tthey cast they have cast

Pas t Pas t pe r f ec tarrojaba/arroje habia/hube arrojado

Icast I hadcastyo ucast you hadcas the/she/it ca st he/she/it hadcastwe cas t we had cas tyo ucast you had castthey cas t they had cas t

F ut u r e F u t u r e pe r f ec tarrojare habre arrojadoI shall/will cas t I sha ll/will have ca styo uwillcast yo u will have casthe/she/it will cast he/she/it will have cas twe shall/will cast we shall /wi l l have castyo u willcast yo uwillhave castthey wil l cast they wil l have cast

P r e s e n t P e r f e c tarrofaria habria arrojadoI should/wouldcas t Ishould/would have cas tyo u would cas t yo u would have casthe/she/ it would cast he/she/i t would have castwe should/would cast we should/would have castyo u would cas t yo u would have casttheywouldcast they would have cast

S t a n l e y

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tarroje haya arrojadoIcas t Ihave cas tyo ucast yo u have casthe/she/it cas ts he/she/it hascastwe cast we have castyo ucast yo uhave cas tthey cast they have cast

Pas t Pas t pe r f ec tarrojara/arrojase hubiera/hubiese arrojado

Icast I hadcastyo ucast you hadcas the/she/it ca st he/she/it hadcastwecast we hadcas tyo ucast you had castthey cas t they hadcast

let me cast no existe dejame arrojar)cas t arroja tulet him/her/it cast arroje el/ella/ellolet us (let's) cast arrojemos nosotroscas t arrojad vosotroslet them cast arrojen ellos

Inf in i t ive Pe r f ec t In f in i t ivearrojar haber arrojadoto cast to have cast

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n darrojando habiendo arrojadocasting having cast

Par t i c i p l e Pe r f ec t Pa r t i c i p l earrojado habiendo arrojadocast having cast

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CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHTACARRAR, COGER, ATRAPAR,ASIR

IndicativeP resentagarroIcatchyou catchhe/she/it catcheswe catchyou catchthey catch

Pastagarraba/agarreI caughtyou caughthe/she/it caughtwe caughtyoucaughtthey caught

FutureagarrareI shall/will catchyouwillcatchhe/she/it will catchwe shall/will catchyo uwill catchthey will catch

Present perfecthe agarradoIhave caughtyou have caughthe/she/it has caughtwe have caughtyouhave caughtthey have caught

Past perfecthabia/hube agarradoI hadcaughtyou ha dcaughthe/she/it hadcaughtwe hadcaughtyou had caughtthey hadcaught

Future perfecthabre agarradoI shall/will have caughtyouwill have caughthe/she/it will have caughtwe shall/will have caughtyo u will have caughtthey will have caught

P resentagarrariaI should/would catchyou would catchhe/whe/it would catchwe should/would catchyo uwould catchthey wouldcatch

P er fec thabria agarradoI should/would have caughtyo u would have caughthe/she/it would have caughtwe should/would have caughtyou would have caughtthey wouldhave caught

P resentagarreIcatchyo ucatchhe/she/it catcheswe catchyou catchthey catch

Pastagarrara o agarraseIcaughtyo u caughthe/she/it caughtwe caughtyou caughtthey caught

let me catchcatchlet him/her/it catchlet us(let's) catchcatchlet them catch

Infinitiveagarrarto catch

Gerundagarrandocatching

Participleagarradocaught

P resent per fec thaya agarradoIhave caughtyo uhave caughthe/she/it hascaughtwe have caughtyou have caughtthey have caught

Past perfecthub/era o hubiese agarradoI hadcaughtyou hadcaughthe/she/it had caughtwe hadcaughtyouhadcaughtthey had caught

no existe dejame agarrar)agarra tuagarre el/ella/elloagarremos nosotrosagarrad vosotrosagarren ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sPerfect Infinitivehaber agarradotohave caught

Perfect Gerundhabiendo agarradohaving caught

Perfect Participlehabiendo agarradohaving caught

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CHOOSE CHOSE -CHOSENELEGIR

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c telijo he elegidoI choose Ihave chosenyo u choose yo u have chosenhe/she/it choos es he/she/it has chosenwe choose we have chosenyou choose you have chosenthey choose they have chosen

P a s t P a s t p e r fe c te/eg/a/e/eg/ habia/hube elegidoI chose I had chosenyou chose you had chosenhe/she/it chose he/she/it had chos enwe chose we had chosenyou chose you had chosenthey chose they had chosen

Future Future per fec telegire habre elegidoI shall/will choose Ishall/will have chose nyo u wil l choose yo u wil l have chosenhe/she/it will choose he/she/it wil l have chosenwe shall/will choose we shall/wil l have chosenyo u willchoose yo uwill have chosenthey wil l choos e they wil l have chos en

P r e s e n t P e r f e c telegiria habria elegidoI should/would choose I should/would have chosenyou would choose you would have chosenhe/she/it would choos e he/she/it would have chos enwe should/would choose we should/would have chosenyou would choose you would have chosenthey would choos e they would have chosen

Stan ley

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c telija haya elegidoIchoose Ihave chosenyou choose you have chosenhe/she/it choos es he/she/it has chosenwe choose we have chosenyou choose you have chosenthey choos e they have chosenP a s t P a s t p e r fe c teligiera/eligiese hubiera/hubiese elegidoI chose I hadchosenyou chose you had chosenhe/she/it chose he/she/it had chose nwe chose we had chosenyou chose you had chosenthey chose they had chosen

le t me choose no existe dejame elegir)choose e//ge tule t him/her/i t choose elija el/ella/ellolet us(let 's) choo se elijamos nosotroschoose elegid vosotrosle t them choose eliian ellos

I n f i n i t i v e P e r f e c t I n f i n i t i v eelegir haber e legidoto choose to have chosen

G e r u n d P e r fe c t G e r u n deligiendo habiendo elegidochoosing having chosen

P a r t i c ip le P e r fe c t P a r t i c ip leelegido habiendo elegidochosen having chosen

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CLINGCLUNGCLUNGAFERRARSE, ADHERIRSE, PEGARSE

P r e s e n taferroI clingyou clinghe/she/i t cl ingswe clingyo u clingthey cling

P a s taferraba/aferreI clungyou c lunghe/she/it clungwe c lungyo u clungthey clung

F ut u r eaferrareI shall/will clingyo u will clinghe/she/it will clingwe shall/will clingyou will clingthey will cling

P r e s e n taferrar/aI should/would cl ingyou wou ld c l inghe/she/i t would cl ingw e should/would cl ingyou would cl ingthey would cling

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the aferradoI have clungyou have c lunghe/she/i t has clungwe have clungyo u haveclungthey have clung

P a s t p e r f e c thabia/hube aferradoI ha d clungyo u h ad c lunghe/she/it hadclungwe had clungyo u hadclungthey had clung

F ut u r e pe r f ec thabre aferradoI shall /wi l l have clungyo u will haveclunghe/she/i t wi l l have clungwe shall /wi l l have clungyo uwil l have clungthey wil l have clung

P e r f e c thabria aferradoI should/would have clungyou would have c lunghe/she/i t would have clungwe should/would have clungyou would have c lungthey would have clung

P r e s e n taferreI clingyou cl inghe/she/it clingswe cl ingyouclingthey cl ing

P a s taferrarao aferraseI clungyou clunghe/she/it clungw e clungyou clungthey clung

let me clingclinglet him/her/itclinglet us (let's) clingclingle t them cl ing

Inf ini t iveaferrartocling

G e r u n daferrandoclinging

Participleaferradoclung

P r e s e n t p e r f e c thaya aferradoI have clungyou have clunghe/she/i t ha sclungwe have c lungyo u haveclungthey have clung

P a s t p e r f e c thublera o hubiese aferrado had clungyo u hadclunghe/she/it hadclungwe had c lungyo u had clungthey had c lung

no existe dejame aferrar)aferra tuaferre el/ella/elloaferremos nosotrosaferrad vosotrosaferren ellos

I m p e r s o n a l f o r m sP e r f e c t Infinitivehaber aferradoto have clung

P e r f e c t G e r u n dhabiendo aferradohaving clung

Per f ec t Participlehabiendo aferradohaving clung

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COME -CAME - C O M EVENIR

P r e s e n tvengoI c o m ey o u c o m ehe/she/ i t comesw e c o m ey o u c o m ethey come

P a s tvenia/vineIc a m ey o u c a m ehe/she/ i t camew e c a m ey o u c a m et hey c ame

FuturevendreI shall/willc o m eyo u willc o m ehe/she/ i t wi l l comewe shal l /wi l l comeyouwi l l comethey wi l l come

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the venidoI hav e c omeyou hav e c omehe/she/it h a s c o m ewe hav e c omey ou hav e c omethey have come

P a s t p e r f e c thabia/hube venidoI ha d c omey ou had c omehe/she/ i t had comew e h a d c o m eyo u hadc o m ethey hadc o m e

Future p e r f e c thabre venidoI shal l /wi l l have comeyo u will hav e c omehe/she/it wi l l have comewe shal l /wi l l have comeyou wi l l have comethey wi l l havec o m e

P r e s e n tvendr iaI shou ld /wou ld c om eyouwould comehe/she/ i t would comew e should/would comey ou wou ld c omet hey wou ld c ome

Stanley

P e r f e c thabr ia venidoIshould/would hav e c omeyou wouldhave comehe/she/it wou ld hav e c omewe should/would have comey ou wou ld hav e c omet hey wou ld hav e c ome

Pre se n t P re se n t per fec tvenga h aya venidoIc o m e Ihave c omey ou c ome y ou hav e c omehe/she/ it come s he/she/ i t has comew e c o m e w e h a ve c o m ey ou c ome y ou hav e c omethey come they havecome

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tviniera/v iniese hubiera/hubiese venidoIc a m e I hadc o m ey o u c a m e y o u h a d c o m ehe/she/ i t came he/she/it hadc o m ewe c a m e we hadc o m ey o u c a m e y o u h a d c o m ethey c ame t hey had c ome

le t me c ome n o ex is t e de jame veni r)come ven tulet him/her/ i t come venga el/ella/ellolet us ( let 's) come vengamos nosot r osc o m e venid vosotrosle t t hem c ome vengan e l los

In f in i t ive Per fec t Inf in i t ivevenir haber venidoto c ome t o hav e c ome

G e r u n d P e r f e c t G e r u n dv in iendo h ab iendo venidoc oming hav ing c ome

P a r t i c i p l e P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p l evenido h ab iendo venidoc ome hav ing c ome

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COST COST -COSTCOS TAR

P r e s e n tcuestoIcos tyou cos the/she/i t costsw e costyou cos tthey cost

P a s tcostaba/costeIcostyou cos the/she/it costwe cos tyoucos tthey cos t

F ut u r ecostareIshall /wi l l costyou willcosthe/she/i t wi l l costwe shal l /wi l l costyou w i ll cos ttheywil l cost

P r e s e n tcos ta r iaI should/would costyou wou ld cos the/she/i t would costw e should/would costyou wouldcostthey would cost28

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the costadoIhave cos tyou have cos the/she/i t has costwe have costyou have costthey have cost

P a s t p e r f e c thabia/hube costadoI hadcostyou had cos the/she/it hadcostwe hadcos tyou hadc o s tthey had cos t

F u t u r e p e r f e c thabre costadoI shall /wi l l have costyo u will have costhe/she/it wi l l have costwe shal l /wi l l have costyouwill have co stthey wil l have cost

P e r f e c thabria costadoI should/would have costyou would have cos the/she/i t would have costwe should/would have costyo u would have costthey would have cos t

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c tcueste haya costadoIcost Ihave costyou cos t you have cos the/she/it cos ts he/she/i t hascostwe cost we have costyou cos t you have cos tthey cost they have cost

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tcostara o costase hubierao hubiese costadoIcost I hadcostyou cos t you had cos the/she/i t cost he/she/it had costwe cost we had cos tyou cos t you had cos tthey cost they hadc o s t

let mecos t no existe dejame costar)cos t cuesfa tule t him/her/ i t cost cueste el/ella/ellolet us (let's) cost costemos nosofroscost costad vosotrosle tthem cos t cuesten ellos

I n f i n i t iv e Pe r f ec t I n f i n i t i v ecoster hater costadoto cost to have cost

Ger und Pe r f ec t G e r u n dcostando habiendo costadocost ing having cost

P a r t i c i p l e P e r f e c t P a r t i c i p lecosfado habiendo costadocost having cost

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CREEP CREPT CREPTARRASTRARSE, DESLIZARSE

P r e s e n tm e deslizoI creepyo ucreephe/she/i t creepswe creepyo ucreepthey creep

P a s tme deslizaba/desliceIcreptyo u crepthe/she/i t creptwe creptyoucreptthey crept

F u tu r eme deslizareIshall /wi l l creepyou wil l creephe/she/i t willcreepwe shall/will creepyo uwil l creepthey willcreep

P r e s e n t p e r fe c tme he deslizadoI have creptyo u havecrepthe/she/i t hascreptwe have creptyo u have creptthey have crept

P a s t p e r fe c tm e h a b i a / h u be desl izadoIhad crep tyou had crepthe/she/i t hadcreptwe hadcreptyo u hadcreptthey hadcrept

F u tu r e p e r fe c thabre deslizado

I shall /wi l l have creptyo uwill have crepthe/she/ it wil l have creptwe shall /wil l have crep tyou wil l have creptthey will have crept

P r e s e n tme deslizariaI should/would creepyo u would creephe/she/i t would creepwe should/would creepyo u would creepthey would creep

S t a n l e y

P e r fe c tme habria deslizadoI should/would have creptyo u would have crepthe/she/i t would have creptwe should/would have creptyo u would have creptthey would have crept

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r fe c tme deslice me haya deslizado

Icreep Ihave creptyo u creep yo u have crepthe/she/i t creep s he/she/it hascreptwe creep we have creptyo u creep yo u have creptthey creep they have crept

P a s t P a s t p e r fe c tme deslizara/deslizase me hubiera/hubiese deslizadoI crept I had creptyo u crept you hadcrepthe/she/i t crept he/she/i t hadcreptwecrept we hadcreptyo u crept you hadcreptthey crept they hadcrept

let mecreep no existe dejame deslizar me)creep desliza tule t him/her/ i t creep deslice el/ella/ellolet us (let's)creep desl icemos nosotroscreep deslizad vosotrosle tthem creep deslicen ellos

I n f i n i t i v e Pe r fe c t I n f i n i t i v edeslizar haber deslizadoto creep to have crept

G e r u n d P e r fe c t G e r u n ddesl izando habiendo desl izadocreeping having crept

Par t ic ip le Per fec t Par t ic ip ledesl izado habiendo desl izadocrept having crept

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CUT CUT CUTCORTAR

P r e s e n tcortoI cutyou cuthe/she/i t cutswe cu tyou cutthey cu t

P a s tcorfaba/corfeI cutyou cu the/she/i t cu twecutyou cu tthey cut

F u t u r ecorfareI shall/willc utyo u will cuthe/she/i t wi l l cutwe shal l /wi l l cutyou w i ll cutthey wil l cut

Pre s e n tcortariaI should/would cutyouwouldcuthe/she/it wouldcutwe should/wouldc utyo uwouldcuttheywouldcu t30

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the cortadoIhavecutyou have cuthe/she/i t has cutwe have cutyou have cutthey have cu t

P a s t p e r f e c thabia/hube cortadoI had cutyou had cuthe/she/i t had cutwe had cutyou had cutthey had cut

F u t u r e p e r f e c thabre cortadoI shall/will have cu tyouwillhavecuthe/she/i t wi l l have cutwe shal l /w i l l have cutyou wil l have cuttheywil l have cut

P e r f e c thabria cortadoI should/would havec u tyou would have cuthe/she/ it wo uld have cutwe should/would have cutyou would have cu tthey would have cut

Presen t Present per fectcorte haya cortadoI cut Ihavecutyou cut you have cuthe/she/it cuts he/she/ithas cutwe cut we havecutyou cut you have cuttheycut theyhavecu tPast Past perfectcortara o cortase hubiera o hubiese costadoI cut I had cutyou cut you had cuthe/she/itcut he/she/ithad cutwe cut we had cutyou cut you had cutthey cut theyhad cut

let me cut no existe dejame cortar)cut corta tulethim/her/it cut corte el/ella/elloletus (let's) cut cortemos nosotroscu t cortad vosotroslet them cut corten ellos

Infinitive Pe r f e c t Infini t ivecortar haber cortadoto cut to havecut

Ge ru n d Pe r f e c t Ge ru n dcortando habiendo cortadocutting havingc ut

Par t i c i p l e Pe r f e c t Par t i c ip lecortado habiendo cortadocut having cut

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DEAL DEALT DEALTTRATAR CON, REPARTIR, DISTRIBUIRf DAR (NAIPES)

P r e s e n ttratoI dealyo u dealhe/she/it dealswe dealyou dealthey deal

P a s ttrataba/trateI dealtyo u dealthe/she/it dealtwe dealtyou dealtthey dealt

FuturetratareI shall/will dealyou wil l dealhe/she/it will dealwe shall/will dealyou will dealthey will deal

P r e s e n ttratariaI should/would dealyou would dealhe/she/it would dealwe should/would dealyou would dealthey would deal

S t a n l e y

P r e s e n t p e r f e c the tratadoI have dealtyo u have dealthe/she/it hasdealtwe have dealtyou have dealtthey have dealt

P a s t p e r fe c thabia/hube tratadoI haddealtyo u had dealthe/she/it had dealtwe had dealtyou had dealtthey had dealt

Future per fec thabre tratado

I shall/will have dealtyou wil l have dealthe/she/it will have dealtwe shall/wil l have dealtyou will have dealtthey will have dealt

P e r fe c thabria tratadoI should/would have dealtyo u would have dealthe/she/it would have dealtwe should/would have dealtyou would have dealtthey would have dealt

P r e s e n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c ttrate haya tratadoI deal I have dealtyou deal you have dealthe/she/it deals he/she/it has dealtwe deal we have dealtyou deal you have dealtthey deal they have dealt

P a s t P a s t p e r fe c ttratara/tratase hubiera/hubiese tratadoI dealt I haddealtyou dealt you had dealthe/she /it dealt he/she /it had dealtwe dealt we had dealtyou dealt you had dealtthey dealt they had dealt

le t me deal no existe dejame tratar)deal tratatule t him/her/i t deal trate el/ella/ellolet us(let 's)deal tratemos nosotrosdeal tratad vosotrosle tthem deal traten ellos

I n f i n i t i v e P e r f e c t I n f i n i t i v etratar haber tratadoto deal to have dealt

G e r u n d P e r fe c t G e r u n dtratando habiendo tratadodealing having dealt

P a r t i c ip le P e r fe c t P a r t i c ip letratado habiendo tratadodealt having dealt

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DIG DUG - DUGCAVAR, EXCAVAR

P r e s e n tcavoI digyou di ghe/she/it digswe d igyou digthey dig

Future

P r e s e n tcavar iaI should/would digyouwou lddighe/she/ i t would digweshould/would digyou woulddigthey would dig32

P r e s e n t p e r f e c th e cavadoI have du gy ou hav e dughe/she/ i t has dugwe hav e dugy ou hav e dugthey have dug

P a s t P a s t p e r f e c tcavaba/cave habia/hube cavadoI dug I had dugyou dug you had dughe/she/ i t dug he/she/ i t had dugwe dug we had dugyou dug you had dugthey dug theyhad dug

F u t u r e p e r f e c tcavare habre cavadoI shal l /wi l ldig I shal l /wi l l havedugyou wil ldig you wil l havedughe/she/ i t wi l l dig he/sh e/ i t wi l l havedugwe sha l l /wi l l dig we sha l l /wi l l have dugyou will dig you wil l havedugthey wi l ldig they wi l l havedug

P e r f e c thabr ia cavadoI should/would havedugyou would havedughe/she/ i t would have dugwe should/would have dugyou wou ld hav edugthey would havedug

P r e s e n tcaveI digyou dighe/she/ i t digswe digyou digthey dig

P a s tcavara/cavaseI du gyou dughe/she/ i t dugwe dugyou dugthey dug

P r e s e n t p e r f e c th aya cavadoI have dugy ou hav ed ughe/she/it has dugwe hav edugyou have dugthey have dug

P a s t p e r f e c thubiera/hubiese cavadoI had dugyou had dughe/she/ i t had dugwe had dugyou had dugthey had dug

let me dig no existe dejame cavar)d ig cava tule t him/her/ i t dig cave el/ella/ellolet us (let 's) dig cavemos nosot r osd ig cavad vosotroslet them dig caven el los

I n f in i t ive Pe r fe c t I n f in i t ivecavar haber cavadoto dig to havedug

Gerund Perfect G e r u n dcavando h ab iendo cavadodigging hav ing dug

P a r t i c ip l e P e r f e c t P a r t ic i p l ecavado h ab iendo cavadodug hav ingdug

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DO DID DONEHACER

P r e s e n t Pre se n t pe r f e c thago he hechoI do Ihave doneyou do you have donehe/she/it does he/she/it has donewe do we have doneyou do you have donethey do they have done

Past Past per fec thacia/hice habia/hube hecho

I did I had doneyou did you haddonehe/she/it did he/she/itha d donewe did we haddoneyou did you haddonethey did they had done

Fu tu re Fu tu re pe r fec thare habre hechoIshall/will do Ishall/will have doneyou will do you will have donehe/she/it will do he/she/it will have donewe sh all/will do we shall/will have doneyou will do you will have donetheywilld o they will have done

Pr e se n t Pe r f e c tharia habria hechoI should/would do I should/would have doneyou would do you would have donehe/she/it would do he/she/it would have donewe should/would do we should/would have doneyou would do you would have donetheywould do they wou ld have done

Stan ley

Pr e se n t P r e s e n t p e r f e c thaga haya hechoI do I have doneyou do you have donehe/she/it does he/she/it has donewe do we have doneyou do you have donethey do they have done

P a s t Past p e r f e c thiciera/hiciese hubiera/hubiese hechoI did I haddoneyou did you haddonehe/she/it did he/she/it haddonewe did we had doneyou did you had donetheydid they had done

let me do no existe dejame hacer)do haz tulet him/her/it do haga el/ella/elloletus(let's)do hagamos nosotrosdo haced vosotroslet them do hagan ellos

I n f i n i t i v e P e r f e c t Infinitivehacer haber hechotodo to have done

G e r u n d Per fect G e r u n dhaciendo habiendo hechodoing having done

Pa r t i c ip le Pe r f e c t Par t i c i p l ehecho habiendo hechodone having done

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DRAW DREW DRAWNDIBUJ

Documents

E. Rosset. Mastering the Irregular Verbs and Modals