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e-Recycle for PreLoved Items
Goh Kai Yen
Bachelor of Computer Science with Honours
(Network Computing)
2020
E-RECYCLE FOR PRELOVED ITEMS
GOH KAI YEN
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Science with Honours
(Network Computing)
Faculty of Computer Science and Information System
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
2020
E-KITAR SEMULA UNTUK BARANG TERPAKAI
GOH KAI YEN
Projek ini merupakan salah satu keperluan untuk
Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains Komputer dan Teknologi Maklumat
(Pengkomputeran Rangkaian)
Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Teknologi Maklumat
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
2020
i
Kai Yen
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “e-Recycle for PreLoved Items” is the result of my own
work except as cited in the references nor has any part been written for me by another person.
It has also not been previously accepted in substance for any degree and is not currently being
submitted for any degree.
Signed,
………..……………………………
GOH KAI YEN 14th July 2020
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
ii
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the
possibility to complete this final year project. First thing first, a special gratitude I give to my
supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Tan Chong Eng, whose contribution in inspiring
suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate my final year project especially in
writing this report.
Besides, I would like to thank the final year project coordinator, Professor Dr. Wang
Yin Chai whose have invested his full effort in providing project guidelines and information
for me to complete my final year project thesis. Also, I would like to appreciate my examiner,
Dr Fatihah binti Ramli, who has given me good comments and advices in completing my thesis.
Moreover, I would like to acknowledge with much appreciation to Universiti Malaysia
Sarawak (UNIMAS) and my faculty, Faculty of Computer Science and Information
Technology (FCSIT) for establishing the final year project. Thanks for giving me opportunity
to improve my interpersonal skills and knowledge throughout my study and complete my final
year project in UNIMAS.
Finally, I would like to thank my family members and friends for giving me strong
moral support and guidance during the progress of this project.
iii
Abstract
Solid waste is one of the major environment problems in Malaysia. People have the will to throw
rubbish properly, but only minority of them will recycle the recyclable garbage. They may not realize
that not all garbage to be thrown away are truly garbage, those garbage were thrown away might be
due to they are no longer needed by the owner, but yet, still have good usable values. Thus, a proposed
system is designed for the purpose of providing an online platform for users to search and sell those
reusable unneeded items. The significance of this project is able to help users to handle their unneeded
but still reusable stuff in a more appropriate way. For sellers, they can sell their old stuff to earn back
some money or give away for free, also they are being able to learn how to promote their items effectively
via the designed platform, at the same time, help those people who in need. For buyers, they can buy
their needed items in a lower price or even getting free. Not only that, the result of this project will
improve the cleanliness of the environment. In order to build a good web-based system, Data Flow
Diagram (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is needed to determine the flow of the system
and the contents of the system database. Wireframe is designed as a blueprint of the proposed system
so that designer will have an overall view of the system design. Also, waterfall model is used as a
methodology in completing this project. Lastly, the aim of this project is to design a web-based online
platform for users to let go their still-usable stuffs and to put up request and look for desired used item.
Another objective of this project is to develop a system which can automatically inform interested users
about the availability status of the posted items.
iv
Abstrak
Sisa pepejal adalah salah satu masalah alam sekitar utama di Malaysia. Kebanyakan orang
mempunyai kesedaran untuk membuang sampah dengan cara yang betul, tetapi hanya minoriti akan
mengitar semula sampah. Mereka mungkin tidak menyedari bahawa tidak semua sampah yang dibuang
adalah benar-benar sampah, sampah-sampah yang dibuang mungkin disebabkan pemiliknya tidak lagi
memerlukan mereka. Sampah tersebut masih mempunyai potensi untuk digunakan lagi. Oleh yang
demikian, sebuah sistem akan dicadangkan dengan tujuan menyediakan platform kepada pengguna
untuk mencari serta menjual barang-barang yang berpotensi digunakan semula. Kepentingan projek
ini adalah membantu pengguna mengendalikan barang-barang yang tidak diperlukan, tetapi masih
boleh digunakan, dengan cara yang lebih sesuai. Bagi penjual, mereka dapat menjual barang lama
mereka untuk mendapatkan wang tambahan atau memberikan barang lama secara percuma. Bukan itu
sahaja, dengan platform ini, penjual dapat belajar cara mempromosikan barang-barang mereka
dengan berkesan, pada masa yang sama, dapat membantu orang yang memerlukan bantuan. Bagi
pembeli pula, mereka dapat membeli barang keperluan mereka dengan harga yang lebih rendah atau
mendapatkan barang tersebut secara percuma. Di samping itu, hasil projek ini akan meningkatkan
kebersihan alam sekitar. Demi membina sistem berasaskan baik, Rajah Aliran Data serta Rajah
Hubungan Entiti diperlukan untuk menentukan aliran sistem dan kandungan pangkalan data sistem.
“Wireframe” juga akan direka sebagai pelan sistem yang dicadangkan supaya pereta bentuk web
komputer akan mempunyai pandangan keseluruhan reka bentuk sistem. Seterusnya, model air terjun
akan digunakan sebagai metodologi untuk menyelesaikan projek ini. Akhir sekali, matlamat projek ini
adalah merekabentuk platform mesra pengguna untuk pengguna melepaskan barang-barang yang
boleh digunakan dan mencari barang yang disukai. Objuktif lain projek ini adalah untuk membina
sistem yang secara automatik yang dapat memaklumkan pengguna yang berminat tentang status
ketersediaan item yang diposkan.
v
Table of Contents
DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................................ii
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. iii
Abstrak ................................................................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ viii
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ ix
Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction/Background ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Aims and Objective ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Brief Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.5.1 Requirement analysis ........................................................................................................... 6
1.5.2 System design ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.3 Implementation ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.5.4 Testing ................................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 Significance of Project ................................................................................................................. 7
1.7 Project outline .............................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Existing System Review .............................................................................................................. 9
2.2.1 eBay ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Mudah.my ........................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Carousell.............................................................................................................................. 14
2.3 Features comparison ................................................................................................................. 16
2.4 Critical reviews on the reviewed systems ................................................................................ 18
2.5 Summary of chapter .................................................................................................................. 20
Chapter 3: Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Software and Hardware requirements .................................................................................... 21
3.3 System architecture ................................................................................................................... 22
3.4 Waterfall model ......................................................................................................................... 23
vi
3.4.1 Requirement analysis ......................................................................................................... 23
3.4.2 System design ...................................................................................................................... 24
3.4.3 Implementation ................................................................................................................... 42
3.4.4 Testing ................................................................................................................................. 42
3.5 Summary of chapter .................................................................................................................. 43
Chapter 4: Implementation and Testing ........................................................................................... 44
4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 44
4.2 Software Requirements ............................................................................................................. 44
4.2.1 XAMPP................................................................................................................................ 44
4.2.2 phpMyAdmin ...................................................................................................................... 45
4.2.3 Facebook developer account .............................................................................................. 46
4.2.4 Notepad++ ........................................................................................................................... 49
4.3 Module of proposed system ...................................................................................................... 50
4.3.1 Login / Logout Module ....................................................................................................... 50
4.3.2 Registration Module ........................................................................................................... 52
4.3.3 User Profile Module ........................................................................................................... 53
4.3.4 Edit and Delete Posted Item Module ................................................................................ 54
4.3.5 Remove Wish List Item Module ........................................................................................ 55
4.3.6 Posted Sale Items Module .................................................................................................. 56
4.3.7 Display Sale Item Module .................................................................................................. 56
4.3.8 Item View Module .............................................................................................................. 57
4.3.9 System Search Engine Module .......................................................................................... 58
4.3.10 System Chatbox Module .................................................................................................. 59
4.4 Functional testing ...................................................................................................................... 60
4.4.1 Unit Testing ......................................................................................................................... 60
4.5 Non-Functional testing .............................................................................................................. 66
4.5.1 Usability Testing ................................................................................................................. 66
4.6 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 70
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Works ........................................................................................ 71
5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 71
5.2 Objective Achievement ............................................................................................................. 71
5.3 Project Limitations .................................................................................................................... 72
5.4 Future Works ............................................................................................................................. 72
5.5 Contribution .............................................................................................................................. 73
vii
5.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 73
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 74
APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................................... 75
viii
List of Tables
Table 2. 1 Table of comparison on features between eBay, Mudah.my and Carousell. .......... 16
Table 3. 1 Software and hardware requirements for building a web-based system. ………... 21
Table 3. 2 Business activities. .................................................................................................. 26
Table 4. 1 Test Case for website home page. ……………………………………………….. 60
Table 4. 2 Test Case for website registration page. ................................................................. 61
Table 4. 3 Test Case for website login page. ........................................................................... 62
Table 4. 4 Test Case for website post item page. ..................................................................... 62
Table 4. 5 Test Case for website edit and delete post page. ..................................................... 63
Table 4. 6 Test Case for website in managing item wish list. .................................................. 64
Table 4. 7 Test Case for website user profile page. ................................................................. 64
Table 4. 8 Test Case for website search feature. ...................................................................... 65
Table 4. 9 Test Case for website chatbox. ................................................................................ 65
Table 4. 10 System Usability Test Results. .............................................................................. 67
Table 4. 11 System Functionality Test Results. ....................................................................... 69
Table 5. 1 Achievements for the project objectives of Preloved Selling Demand System. … 71
ix
List of Figures
Figure 1. 1 Waterfall model. Reprinted from SDLC models explained: Agile, waterfall, V-
shaped, iterative, spiral, by V. Osetskyi, 2017, Retrieved from
https://medium.com/existek/sdlc-models-explained-agile-waterfall-v-shaped-iterative-spiral-
e3f012f390c5. Copyright 2019 by A Medium Corporation. Reprint with permission. ............. 5
Figure 2. 1 Press “Sell” to if want to start creating platform to sell items. ............................. 10
Figure 2. 2 Main page of eBay provides a search bar and two drop down list options for users
to search desire items. .............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 2. 3 This is the design of the two drop down list items category. ................................. 11
Figure 2. 4 Listed item in buy in now option. .......................................................................... 11
Figure 2. 5 Listed item in auction option. There is a date and time for each eBay auction to
end. ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2. 6 Press “POST FREE AD” or “SELL FOR FREE” button to start sell items. ......... 13
Figure 2. 7 Users can search items by browsing the list of available categories. .................... 13
Figure 2. 8 Item display page for user to know about the details of the item. ......................... 14
Figure 2. 9 Press “Sell” button to start sell items. .................................................................... 15
Figure 2. 10 Users can search items by browsing the list of available categories. .................. 15
Figure 2. 11 Item display page for user to know about the details of the item. ....................... 15
Figure 2. 12 User share scam experience when doing shopping in Mudah.my. ...................... 18
Figure 2. 13 User share scam experience when doing shopping in Carousell. ........................ 19
Figure 2. 14 User becoming the victim of fraud when buying things in Mudah.my. .............. 19
Figure 3. 1 Block diagram of web-based system architecture. ............................................... 22
Figure 3. 2 Types of inputs and contents of proposed system. ................................................ 24
Figure 3. 3 Context data flow diagram. .................................................................................... 27
Figure 3. 4 Level-0 diagram. .................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3. 5 Level-1 diagram for process login system. ............................................................ 29
Figure 3. 6 The work flow of OAuth2 technology. .................................................................. 30
Figure 3. 7 Level-1 diagram for process post sale items. ......................................................... 32
Figure 3. 8 Entity Relationship Diagram. ................................................................................ 34
Figure 3. 9 Main page of the proposed system. ....................................................................... 35
Figure 3. 10 View of posted listing in the user profile page. ................................................... 36
Figure 3. 11 View of the user reviews in the user profile page. ............................................... 37
Figure 3. 12 List of items in one of the chosen category. ........................................................ 38
Figure 3. 13 View of item’s details in the item display page. .................................................. 39
Figure 3. 14 Page where seller upload and fill up the item’s details for posting purpose. ...... 39
Figure 3. 15 View of seller on the posted sale item in item display page. ............................... 40
Figure 3. 16 Buyer can make offer to the seller via the provided private chat messenger. ..... 41
Figure 3. 17 Buyer can set the offer price which is agreed with the seller. ............................. 41
Figure 3. 18 Once offer received, seller can choose whether want to accept the offer or not. 42
Figure 4. 1 XAMPP control panel. .......................................................................................... 45
Figure 4. 2 phpMyAdmin platform .......................................................................................... 46
Figure 4. 3 First step in creating application with Facebook developer account. .................... 47
Figure 4. 4 Second step in creating application with Facebook developer account. ................ 48
Figure 4. 5 Once finish the setup, the application is finally created. ....................................... 48
Figure 4. 6 A new app is being created by providing the App ID and the App Secret key. .... 48
Figure 4. 7 Navigate to “Facebook Login” and press the “Set up” button. ............................. 48
Figure 4. 8 Select “Web” from the displayed platforms. ......................................................... 49
x
Figure 4. 9 Notepad++ ............................................................................................................. 49
Figure 4. 10 Login features in the system’s Home Page. ......................................................... 50
Figure 4. 11 Login system process integration ready with the Facebook login system. .......... 51
Figure 4. 12 Once login with Facebook account or the registered system account, the user
profile picture and username will be shown in the top right corner. ........................................ 51
Figure 4. 13 User can logout the system by clicking the logout feature providing at the Home
Page’s top left corner. ............................................................................................................... 52
Figure 4. 14 User Registration Form. ....................................................................................... 52
Figure 4. 15 User Login Form. ................................................................................................. 53
Figure 4. 16 This is the User Profile interface which users able to view their provided details
including their posted item, wish list item and review. ............................................................ 53
Figure 4. 17 User able to edit and delete post in Item View interface. .................................... 54
Figure 4. 18 This is the edit post interface for user to update the posted item’s details. ......... 54
Figure 4. 19 A delete confirmation message pop-up when user click the “Delete Post”. ........ 55
Figure 4. 20 A remove confirmation message pop-up when user click the “Remove Wishlist”.
.................................................................................................................................................. 55
Figure 4. 21 This is the Post Item interface where user can post their sale item. .................... 56
Figure 4. 22 This is the Display Item interface for electronic category items. ........................ 57
Figure 4. 23 This is the Item View Page which user can view the item’s details and also the
item’s seller. ............................................................................................................................. 57
Figure 4. 24 By clicking the seller’s username link provided in the Item View Page, system
will redirect user to the seller profile page to view the seller’s information and seller’s posted
items. ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 4. 25 The search engine is in the top left of the system’s Home Page. ........................ 58
Figure 4. 26 Once the user inputs the key words, system will redirect user to the Search Page
to view the search results. ........................................................................................................ 59
Figure 4. 27 Chatbox interface. ................................................................................................ 59
Figure 4. 28 System Usability Test Results presented in bar graph. ........................................ 67
Figure 4. 29 System Functionality Test Results presented in bar graph. ................................. 69
1
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction/Background
In past decades, tremendous of garbage produced every day is fulfilling landfills quickly,
resulting serious pollution and increased global warming. This become the most concerning
issue in our society nowadays. Recycling is considered a small solution for a big problem like
global warming, but it can also have a huge impact in our daily life. It is a simple and cheap
solution with a massive impact in the reduction of pollution. In a country like Malaysia,
adopting a law that establishes permanent recycling practices not only can increase the
awareness and importance of recycling, but also preventing the world from falling into wastes
and pollutions. However, this law is still paper talk only in Malaysia. Our government has
indeed made a lot of effort into encouraging people to practice recycling, such as providing
recycling bins in every household area, but people still ignore the importance of recycling by
just simply throwing all garbage into the common bins. Lack of law enforcement is one of the
factors that contribute to this phenomenon. Today, many of us are educated about the
importance of recycling and its good impact on the environment. Indeed, recycling can
definitely help in protecting our world from being destructed by pollutions, but it requires
everyone to lead by example.
There are also many professionals who have put forward many proposals to solve the
problem of garbage. One of a common solution that had been proposed is using Internet of
Things (IoT) applications in waste management operations, an automated route optimizing of
garbage pickup trucks (Writer, 2019). The working behind of this solution is about developing
a sensor-enable and internet-connected garbage bins which can detect the level of garbage in
bins, temperature, location or any information that sanitation department finds useful (Writer,
2019). With this implementation, garbage collectors are able to know the specific full garbage
2
bins and its location where they located, resulting reduce time wasting in collecting the garbage.
Also, most importantly, garbage collectors able to collect garbage before it gets odor, thus
improving the cleanliness of the environment. However, this solution is just solving a problem
without stamping out its root cause, because it does not do any recycling functions. More and
more garbage still will be produced.
In terms of recycling, it is never not just about the basic recyclable materials, including
papers, plastics and aluminum cans. The normal way of recycling is about recycling on
materials, which is processing the used materials into some new and useful products. Generally,
the process included crushing the whole thing and melting it into its original form, then turn it
into another new product. However, what if the item is actually can be reused again? This is the
concept that this paper wanted to bring out, recycling on goods instead of recycling on raw
materials. This concept is about “recycle” among people, recycling those usable products as the
second-hand item, also known as preloved item, to a new owner, which can prolong the usage
life span of that item. Examples for these usable items, which can become preloved item for
other users, are such as mattresses, kitchen utensils, electronics, etc. Therefore, in this project,
the purpose of proposing a web-based system is to create an online platform for people to let
go their still-usable stuffs and to look for desired used item. This solution not only can reduce
waste, but also practice recycling. When people start to have a habit to recycle things among
themselves, this may lead to the manufacturer reduce the production of that particular products,
due to people start to search second-hand stuff rather than buying a new one. Thereby reducing
the mass of collecting our Mother Earth’s resources, and also less garbage produced due to
people do not simply throw any reusable things. This is the so-called butterfly effect; a simple
decision or action can have a big impact. A simple recycling action can protect our Mother
Earth from deterioration.
3
1.2 Problem Statement
Solid waste is one of the major environmental problems in Malaysia. Even though
government had acted on this problem such as providing recycle bins in every household area
or educate people to do recycling, but this problem still cannot be solved effectively. People are
willing to throw litter properly, but only minimum of them will recycle the recyclable garbage.
This may be because of feeling of troublesome, hence a lot of the so-called garbage are not fall
into the three common recycling categories. Furthermore, not all garbage to be thrown away
are truly garbage, they were thrown away because they no longer needed by the current owners.
Some of the garbage to some people they still have usable values which can either be given to
new owners of need or could still be sold off for some additional cash. Examples for these
reusable items are such as mattresses, kitchen utensils, electronics, and so on.
Generally, recycling is a process of collecting and processing the used materials into a
raw material that can be formed into a brand-new product or item. Common recyclable
materials are paper, plastic and metal cans or aluminum but not all solid wastes are for recycle
bin, some are still functional and can be “recycle” to a new owner if give a platform for such
recycling. In my opinions, materials that still have good reused value can be recycled in another
unique way which is recycle among people.
Let’s smaller the project target scope to University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).
Campus students especially the graduated students are the target of this project because majority
of them want to sell their unwanted but still reusable stuff to earn back some money, but there
are owners may want to give away their old stuffs for free. There is no such platform available
within the campus to allow them to interact for the recycling of still usable items.
4
1.3 Scope
The project target scope is University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) students and staffs. Also,
the system is accessible via any web browsers.
1.4 Aims and Objective
i. To design a web based online platform for students and staffs to let go their still-usable stuffs
and also to put up request and look for desired used item.
ii. To develop a system which can automatically inform interested students and staffs about the
availability status of the posted items.
iii. To conduct functional and user testing to test the proposed system.
1.5 Brief Methodology
The goal of this project is to propose a web-based system for users to post and request
items. In order to achieve this goal, good programming skills is needed. Also, for this project,
20 students will be randomly selected as the tester to test the proposed system. The only
restriction on choosing the participants as the project tester is he or she must be a UNIMAS
student or staff. This is because this web-based system is purposely designed for the UNIMAS
users. The participants will learn to use the system and give feedbacks after used. The testing
phase of this project will be at least two to three weeks.
Waterfall model is used as a methodology in completing this project. Waterfall model
is a cascade Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model, the development process is like
5
a water flow, a sequential order, moving step by step via the phases of analysis, design,
implementation, testing, deployment and support. Every phase has its own objective and
mission to be done in order to move to next phase. The reason of using this SDLC model is
because it is simple to use and easy to understand, in addition, it is ideal for a small project
where the requirements are clear and not equivocal. Of course, the benefits of one things must
have its shortcomings. One of its biggest drawback is even a small detail left incompletely in
the one of the phase, it can totally delay the progress of the whole process. Therefore, this
system proposed should be plan cautiously. Not only that, waterfall model is not suitable for
any long-term or complex project because it is quite a straightforward methodology. Despite of
the drawbacks that brings by waterfall model, it still considers the best methodology for this
project because it is a short-term individual project and the requirements for proposed system
is simple and clear. Figure below show the phases in waterfall model.
Figure 1. 1 Waterfall model. Reprinted from SDLC models explained: Agile, waterfall, V-
shaped, iterative, spiral, by V. Osetskyi, 2017, Retrieved from
https://medium.com/existek/sdlc-models-explained-agile-waterfall-v-shaped-iterative-spiral-
e3f012f390c5. Copyright 2019 by A Medium Corporation. Reprint with permission.
6
Throughout these six phases in waterfall model, the first four phases will be carried out
in this project which are requirement analysis, system design, implementation and testing. The
last two phases are not relevant for this project because the system proposed is just a working
prototype.
1.5.1 Requirement analysis
Possible requirements of the system developed are analyzed and drop down in a specification
document. This phase also involves understanding the needs of system design, the system’s
functions or features and the system’s purpose. Item sorting is one of an important feature that
need to be considered in this phase. Also, analyze the types of input and output that needed to
be include in the system database are considered in this phase.
1.5.2 System design
System design is prepared according to the requirements specification that studied from the first
phase. Data flow diagram and entity relationship diagram (ERD) will be designed for the flow
of system and contents of system database. In addition, programming languages and software
are decided in this phase. Wireframe will also be designed as a blueprint of the proposed system.
Specify the system requirements will helps in defining the overall system architecture. Besides,
the software code to be written in the next phase is created.
7
1.5.3 Implementation
The actual development of the web-based system take place in this phase. With the inputs from
the system design phase, the system is first developed in small programs or units. Unit Testing
is used to test the functionality of every developed code unit.
1.5.4 Testing
Integrate the unit tested code and test it to make sure if it works expected. Test case is used in
testing all the testing activities to make sure that the system meets the requirements. 20
randomly selected students will test the system. Report the testing activities.
1.6 Significance of Project
The result of the project will be of great benefit to the following:
UNIMAS students and staffs. The result of the project will assist students and staffs to handle
their unneeded but still reusable stuff in a more effectively way. For sellers, they can sell their
old stuff to earn back some money or give away for free, also they are being able to learn how
to promote their items effectively via the designed platform, at the same time, help those people
who in need. For buyers, they can buy their needed items in a lower price or even getting free.
UNIMAS. The result of the project will improve the environment of university, a clean
environment for both students and workers. Also, the university authorities do not need to spend
extra money in solving the garbage problem.
8
1.7 Project outline
The report will be split into five chapters.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
This chapter reviews researches done, facts and existing systems that are related to the project.
The resources are taken from books, journals, web documents, conference papers and so on.
Chapter 3: Methodology
This chapter is about the methods and overall framework taken in building the web-based
system. Software requirements are included in this chapter also. Besides, waterfall model will
be explained in more details.
Chapter 4: Implementation and Testing
This chapter reports on the implementation and testing of the system proposed. The testing is
made based on the unit testing and test case to test the functionalities of the system.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Works
This chapter is about the summary of the final year project 1 and the future progress that need
to be done in order to complete the whole project. The summary is based on the chapters that
have been discussed in the project.
9
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview
This project is proposed for the main purpose of providing an online platform for
UNIMAS students and staffs, where both seller and buyer can do posting and requesting their
desire preloved items, in addition, advocating the spirit of waste recycling among students in
order to reduce the increasing of garbage. The goal of this chapter is to bring insight of the
existing online shopping web-based systems, which is consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
eCommerce, as well as the study on how the system works and the system’s features. Albeit
the literature covers a wide area variety of such system, the review will be focus on three
existing online shopping systems, which are eBay, Mudah.my and carousell, and the project
proposed system, UNIMAS Online Preloved System. Moreover, comparison between the three
existing systems and the proposed systems will be discuss in this chapter also.
2.2 Existing System Review
2.2.1 eBay
eBay was originally an online auction site, which allows users to list items for sale and
to bid on them in auctions and the highest bidder won the items (Brunelli, 2019). However, it
is becoming more than just an auction platform for users, eBay became a worldwide online
marketplace, where a place for sellers to list items at a fixed price or even start their career as
operating a virtual online “shop” (Brunelli, 2019). In eBay, there are both new and preloved
items can be sold. The way that eBay works, au fond, is a seller lists an item, following by
adding photos and descriptions for the selling item, then decide a price for it and choose the
desire shipping options (Brunelli, 2019). Also, seller able to set the terms of the auction,
10
including the shipping method, payment method and return policy (Frost, 2018). On the other
hand, the buyer can choose whether want to bid on the sale item or just straightly choose “Buy
It Now” option, which not include any auction sale items. A variety of payment methods can
be chosen by the buyer when a deal has made, and lastly, the seller ships the sold item to the
buyer. When the transaction is over, feedback is given by both seller and buyer, to each other,
about the process of sales and the quality of the item sold (Brunelli, 2019).
As a seller, he or she need to be registered as an eBay member in order to sell items.
After register successfully, click “Sell”, at the top of left corner of main page, to start selling
items. Then, eBay will provide form for seller fill up the selling items’ details. After that, click
“List”, at the bottom of the page, to post the items to the sale platform.
Figure 2. 1 Press “Sell” to if want to start creating platform to sell items.
For buyer, there are search bar and two drop down list options for them to search desire
items (shown in figure 2.2). By default, eBay will show users all the relevant listing based on
what they searched. Near the top of the page, there are two options for user to choose, which
are “Auction” and “Buy It Now”. If the user wants to buy the item right away, click the “Buy
It Now” button. This will narrow the search so that user can only see items being sold for buy
it now option (show in figure 2.4). Some sellers will allow buyers to make offers on items they
have for sale. Auction is chosen if users want to search items for bid on to try and get a good
deal. This will narrow the search so that user can only see items being sold in auctions. The
seller will decide the date and time for each eBay auction to end (show in figure 2.5). The
