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E. Napp
Stalin and Totalitarianism
In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:
Joseph StalinTotalitarianism
Changes Under StalinFive-Year Plans
Gulags
E. Napp
Those who supported Lenin and theCommunists were known as “Reds”.The “Whites” opposed communism.
A civil war ensued. By 1921, the Redarmy defeated the Whites. However,
in 1924, Lenin died.
E. Napp
Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky competedto succeed Lenin as leader of the Soviet
Union. Stalin gained control of thegovernment, expelled Trotsky, and eventually had Trotsky murdered.
E. Napp
Stalin eliminatedrivals by accusing
them of beingdisloyal to
Communist ideals.Once in power, he
established atotalitarian state.The Communist
party controlled allaspects of individual
life.
E. Napp
Totalitarianism is a political system inwhich a one-party government controlsall aspects of individual life. Citizensare denied the rights of free speech
and dissent. Secret police, censorship,and terror are used to control people.
E. Napp
Stalin’s secret police arrested and executed rival leaders. Slave labor
camps were built in cold Siberia. Millionsof people died in these camps or gulags.
E. Napp
Private land was taken from peasants.Peasants were forced to work on farms
owned by the government. These farmswere called collectives.
E. Napp
Peasants in the Ukraine rejectedcollectivization. Stalin seized foodsupplies and sealed off the entire
region. Millions of Ukrainians starvedto death.
E. Napp
Stalin was determinedto industrialize the nation.
He introduced aseries of Five-Year
Plans to industrializethe U.S.S.R. Heavy
industry was developed while consumer goods
were ignored.
E. Napp
Stalin glorified hispart in building
the nation, portraying himself as
Russia’s greatestleader. His picture
appeared everywhere.Children memorizedhis sayings in school.
E. Napp
Stalin used the government to controlSoviet education, the economy, and
even music and the arts. Sovietcitizens only heard about Communist
ideals and successes.
E. Napp
Stalin controlledall aspects of life
in the Soviet Union.He was a totalitarian
dictator.
E. Napp
Russia wastransformed
by the Communists.Life in the
Soviet Unionwas controlled bythe Communist Party under the
leadership of JosephStalin.
E. Napp
Questions for Reflection:
• Who was Joseph Stalin and how did he rise to power?
• How does totalitarianism differ from democracy?
• Who went to the gulags and why?• What were collectives and why did some
peasants reject them?• How did Stalin change life in the Soviet
Union?