e-Governance Explained - Mukund Nadgowda

8/12/2019 e-Governance Explained - Mukund Nadgowda

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eGovernance

Explained

Mukund Nadgowda

YASHADA


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eGovernance

Employing

Information

and

Communication

Technology

in Governance


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W3H

Just possessing Information & Communication

Technology (ICT)Tools is not enough.

It may make your life more complexunless you are clear about

Why, when, where& howto use these

powers to get what we want in the

simplified way.


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First Wave - Agriculture Revolution

Second Wave - Industrial Revolution

Third Wave -

Information Revolution, which in turn triggeredthe concept of eGovernance

Our Transformations


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SMART GovernanceCharacteristics

A Governance body having characteristics like :

Simple

Moral

Accountable

Responsive

Transparent

SMART Governance with focus around citizens, andprefixed with e(usage of ICT tools to achieve desiredobjectives ) is e-Governance.


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It is application of Information & Communication Technology(ICT) for interaction

between :

1. G2C, C2G-Government & citizens 2. G2B, B2G - Government & Business

3. G2G - Inter / Intra Government 4. G2E Management & employees

Various Stake Holders in e-Governance


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e-Governance MissionPartnership between various stake holders with objectives as follows :

e - Citizen : To receive govt. services, access them on line24x7x365 days , and participate in

governance process

e -Business : To access Govt. services, for faster economicdevelopment, and participation in value

addition to govt. services

eEmployees : For better communication / understanding,

Increased productivity, participation instrategic planning

eGovernment : To Increase productivity / efficiency, build

good relationships with others for good

governance.


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Citizen Centric e-Governance

When the focus of Government services is to facilitatecitizens to have access to information :- In the format convenient to them

- at theplace of their choice

- Transparencyabout the decision making processes

- Simplification of procedures of information access

- Tominimize the total processing timefor requested

actionsAn example

Technology should facilitate citizen to make payments of utilitybills (electricity bill, telephone bill or water bill) at one placeor automate the payment through bank. It should furtherfacilitate the citizens to interact with the concerned agencies forqueries / clarifications / adjustments etc.

( Aim should be to provide Single window service 24 X 7 X 365 )


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e-Governanceis a Process

An Illustration :

Development of Computerised Databases

and Dissemination of Information through normalchannels or Web technology is e-Government

Enforcement of laws for timely delivery of

services to citizens, Business and otherGovt.offices through Internet or Intranet is e-

Governance


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E-Governance Applications

Few examples, where citizens interface with Government :

Delivery of Products (BSNL Directory distribution) Delivery of Services (Hospital, Police, Post) Delivery of Information (Govt. schemes, RTI matter) Online Transactions (Applying for Driving License)


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Practical benefits of e-Governance

Simpler documentation Faster responses Simpler procurement

Greater reach of services Accelerating education Public participation

Simplified transactions Simplified interactions


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Potential e-Governance Application areas

Citizen Services Employment Bridging the Digital Divide Revenue Postal Health Education Justice Trade Public Grievances Human Rights etc


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Evolutionary Stages in eGovernance

Use of email, internal networking Intranet setup for internal activities

Allowing public access Enabling 2-way communication Enabling online transactions by Citizens

Enriching digital democracy Integrating with other applications / SSO


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e-Governance : Challenges

The key challenges with

e-Governance are not the

TECHNOLOGYissues

but, they are the

ORGANIZATIONALissues

Let us look into these challenges


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Realistic Needs Analysis

Redefining rules and proceduresfor data collection, processing,storage, dissemination, anddecision making


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Information transparency / security

( Is i t p ract ical to have 100 % transparency ? )

Interdepartmental collaboration forinformation sharing ( Horizontal & Vertical)

(How to change mind sets to emp loyees to

come out of possessive nature ?)

Security and Legal Issues( Who should be respons ib le for correctness of

the informat ion having mul t ip le updat ion

/access r igh ts? )



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Infrastructure(Just acqui r ing computers is not enough.

People should be aware of their potential and

should acquire ski l l of using them op t imal ly)

Tendency to resist the change in

work culture(Using a computer instead of type wri ter and

us ing email , instead o f telephone can no t betreated as change in work cul ture. Some thing

more is requ ired, What is that chal lenge?)



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Challenges specific to Indian scenario

Problem of priority (There are other important issues) Infrastructure (lack or unavailability thereof)

Diversity (Different languages and regions) Over powering (IT expert sector) Low quality of input (hence)

Low quality of output ( Garbage in / garbage out)


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Words of Caution

Technology helps to reach the un-reached,

but it can make the things worse through

digital divide.

There is the fear of emergence of an elite

group who only may be the ultimate

beneficiaries of successful technology

application


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Where do we stand ?

In Countries such as USA, Singapore, Norway,Sweden, online Govt. services are high.

In Britain, New Zealand, South Korea even thegeneral usage of internet is less whencompared.

Internet usage in India too growing and manystate governments are going online.


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What is lacking ?

We have been doing computerization

NOT e-Governance!

We need to adopt a holistic approach!


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What is e-government ?

It is thetransformationof government

to provideEfficient

Convenient &

Transparent

Services

totheCitizens& Businesses

through

Information & Communication Technologies


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What is NOTe-Government ?

e-Government is not about e

but about government !

e-Government is not about computers

but about citizens !

e-Government is not about t ranslat ingprocesses

but about t ransformingprocesses !


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Minimum Agenda for

e-Governance

Intranet Infrastructure ( LAN, PC, Software Tools,

Portal / Vortal )

IT Empowermentof Officers/Officials

IT enabled Services- intra and inter Departments

(G2G, G2B)

IT enabled delivery of servicesfor masses - Public

Information & Facilitation (G2C)

IT Visionfor the Sectoral Development


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e-Governance Systems Development Steps

1. Have a clear vision and prepare action plan.2. Choose projects that fit in action plan, if you

cant,make them fit in.

3. Large e-Governance systems have to be dividedinto manageable logical modules, each with agoal that supports overall objective of e-Governance. ICT provides solution for pluggingsuch components to a great extent, even if the

modules are developed on different platforms.4. There is need to contain cost by developingportable / replicable modules, which can bereused across different government.


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e-Governance Systems Development Steps

5. The e-Governance architecture should be able

to support phased implementation. This is

possible by providing interlinked common

backbone architecture, and customizedarchitecture at front end for deployment of different

e-Governance applications.

6. There is need to follow technology standardsfor Databases, operating systems,Schema,

nomenclatures, architecture, communication

security etc.


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Critical Success Factors

People, Process, Technology

Architecture & Standards

Security

Implementation Models


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Implementation

Points to Ponder


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Points to Ponder

in Implementation of e-Gov

System Study Vs. System Development

Pilot Vs. Rollout

In-house Vs. Outsource

Make or Buy

Open Source Vs Proprietary software


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Problems in implementation

Budget constraints Too many disjointed efforts Lack of Infrastructure Digital Divide

Shortage of Champions Local Language Interface No architecture and standards Too little benefits


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Railway Reservation7/12 / Land Records,E-TenderingSevarth

PlanPlusetc

eGov Applications


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The National e-Governance Plan(NeGP)

http://mit.gov.in/content/national-e-governance-plan

e Governance approach in India


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e-Governance approach in India

The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)

The Plan seeks to lay the foundation and provide the

impetus for long-term growth of e-Governance within

the country.

It seeks to create the right governance and institutional

mechanisms, set up the core infrastructure and policies

and implement a number of Mission Mode Projects atthe center, state and integrated service levels to create

a citizen-centric and business-centric environment for

governance.



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VISION

The NeGP aims at improving delivery of Government

services to citizens and businesses with the following

vision:

Make all Government services accessible to the

common man in his locality, through common service

delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency &reliability of such services at affordable costs to

realize the basic needs of the common man.



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NATIONAL E-GOVERNANCE STRATEGY

Centralized Initiative, Decentralized Implementation

Identify services to be targeted

Prioritize Services (Mission)

Identify measurable service goals (Outcomes)Identify, Appoint & Empower Mission Leaders

Create mechanism for effective Private Sector participation

Put in place a common Infrastructure, Policies, Standards and Framework.

Service delivery through Common Service Centres

Think Big, Start Small and Scale FastAll services supported by infrastructure to facilitate web-enabled access

Connectivity: State Wide Area Networks (SWANs)/NICNET

National Data Bank/ State Data Centres ( SDCs)

Common Service Centres (CSCs) primary mode of delivery



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Core InfrastructureNational eGovernment Intranet (NICNET, ERNET etc.)

State wide Intranets

National eGovernment Data Center

State Data CentersSecurity Infrastructure

Resource Centre for E-Governance

GIS National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Language Resource Centre



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Institutional Framework under NeGP

(CM- Chief Minister, CSChief Secretary, DITDept of IT, GoI, PeMTProject Governance Mission Team,

SeMTState eGovernance Mission Team)


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Legal Framework for eGovernanceIT Act, 2000, was enacted to provide legal recognition for transactions

carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of

electronic communication, commonly referred to as electronic commerce,which involve the use of alternatives to paper-based methods of

communication and storage of information, to facilitate electronic filing of

documents with the Government agencies and further to amend the Indian

Penal Code, the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, the Bankers Books Evidence

Act, 1891 and the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and for mattersconnected therewith or incidental thereto.

The focus of the Act is on electronic commerce and electronic records. It

contains provisions on digital signatures and authentication of electronic

records, legal recognition of digital signatures and electronic records,retention of electronic records, attribution, acknowledgement and dispatch of

electronic records, security of electronic records, regulation of Certifying

Authorities, Cyber Regulation Appellate Tribunal etc. To facilitate the

implementation of e-Governance projects at various levels across the

country, a more holistic legal framework is required.

N d f S B ki f E G


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Need for Statutory Backing for E-Governance

As seen earlier, the DIT has been tasked with creating the

common core and support infrastructure, like the National andState Wide Area Networks, NDC and SDCs, Common Services

Centres and the Electronic Service Delivery Gateways.

It is also laying down Standards and Policy Guidelines in its role

as facilitator.

There are complexities involved in evolution/development and

adoption of the overall technology architecture, framework

standards, security policy, funding strategy, service deliverymechanism, sharing of common infrastructure etc.

N d f St t t B ki f E G


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Need for Statutory Backing for E-Governance

Data Retention and Preservation policies are important,

as paper files are replaced by electronic methods.

Data Privacy issues are extremely important. Citizens

may take Government Departments to courts on

leakage of data and privacy issues.

NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreements) with all vendors and

their employees is an aspect that should be carefully

examined.

Amendments to IT Act now have section on Sensitive

Personal information (Rules u/s 43A).

St l


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Stronger laws

Stronger and more effective laws and rulesrelated to usage of ICT will have to be formulated,

and strongly implemented.

This presupposes the adoption and use of

security measures more particularly empowering

and training judiciary and law enforcement

manpower with the knowledge and use of cyberforensics and digital evidencing.

T l d


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To concludeE-governance is an evolutionary phenomenon, and requires a

change in the mindset of one and all

citizen, executives and thegovernment.

With the support of the Internet, the government processes defined

by specializations can be made efficient, effective, and citizen-

friendly.

There are many challenging issues lying ahead. Security is the main

concern, both for the Government and for citizens.

Redefining rules and procedures, information transparency, legalissues, infrastructure, skill and awareness, access to right

information, inter-departmental collaboration, tendency to resist the

change in work culture, are the main concerns for the government to

address.


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e-Governance Explained - Mukund Nadgowda