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E-BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE ENTERPRISE
MIS 205
OBJECTIVES
• Evaluate the role played by the major types of systems in a business and their relationship to each other
• Explain how enterprise applications promote business process integration and improve organizational performance
• Assess the challenges posed by information systems in the enterprise and management solutions
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
2 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
The Four Major Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Major Types of Information Systems
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• Basic business systems that serve the operational level
• A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the business
• Support day-to-day/routine operation by maintaining detailed records e.g. Sales, purchase, deposit, withdrawal, refunds, payment, inventory control, etc.
5 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
A Symbolic Representation for a Payroll TPS
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Typical Applications of TPS
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Management level
• Inputs: High volume transaction level data (Mostly internal)
• Processing: Simple models. Data is accumulated and totaled.
• Outputs: Summary reports & exception reports. Scheduled reports (reports generated periodically- yearly , monthly or weekly usually not day-to-day)
• Users: Middle managers Example: Annual budgeting
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Management Information Systems (MIS) (cont.)
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Fig: Three TPS supply summarized transaction data to the MIS reporting system at the end of the time period
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Management Information Systems (MIS) (cont.)A sample MIS report
10 MIS 205 E-Business & Information SystemsSummerized annual sales data
• Software– May be written using business programming languages, May be written using business programming languages,
eg, ABAP (Native language of SAP)eg, ABAP (Native language of SAP)
– May use SQLMay use SQL
– Can be a report writerCan be a report writer
– Client Server software allows clients to get data from the Client Server software allows clients to get data from the server and do computationsserver and do computations
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Management Information Systems (MIS) – (cont.)
11 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management level
Inputs: Internal and External data, User friendly interface Processing: Interactive
Can change assumptions e.g. “What-if” oriented More analytical power than other systems, such as
statistical analysis May involve one or more models to analyze data
Outputs: Decision analysis. Users: Professionals, staff
Example: Contract cost analysis
Provide information & Decision Support techniques to confront specific problem / opportunity
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
12 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Software : A DSS is usually developed using general software that is adapted for a specific decision. Simple example is spreadsheet May be statistical packages like SAS, SPSS May do data mining: searching for patterns in large amounts of data to
determine business practices Group decision support systems (GDSS) Geographic information systems (GIS)
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Decision-Support Systems (DSS) (cont.)
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Decision-Support Systems (DSS) (cont.)Voyage-estimating decision-support system
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This DSS system is used by managers who must develop bids on shipping contracts
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
• Primarily address structured problems
• Provides typically fixed, scheduled reports based
on routine flows of data and assists in the general
control of the business
The Difference between MIS and DSS The Difference between MIS and DSS
MIS:
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
The Difference between MIS and DSS The Difference between MIS and DSS
• Support semistructured and unstructured problems
• Greater emphasis on models, assumptions, ad-hoc queries, display graphics
• Emphasizes change, flexibility, and a rapid response
DSS:
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS):
• Inputs: Aggregated data
• Processing: Interactive
• Outputs: Projections
• Users: Senior managers
Example: 5 year operating plan
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Model of a Typical Executive Support System
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This system pulls data from diverse sources and makes them available to executives in an easy-to-use form
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS) (Continued)
• Top Level Management• Designed to the individual senior manager • Ties CEO to all levels• Very expensive to keep up• Extensive support staff
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Relationship of Systems to One Another Interrelationships among systems
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Sales and Marketing Systems
Major functions of systems: • Sales management, market research, promotion,
pricing, new products
Major application systems: • Sales order info system, market research system,
pricing system
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Sales and Marketing Systems
Example of a Sales Information System
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Sales and Marketing Systems
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
Order processing
Enter, process, and track orders Operational
Pricing analysis Determine prices for products and services
Management
Sales trend forecasting
Prepare 5-year sales forecasts Strategic
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Manufacturing and Production Systems
Major functions of systems: • Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving,
engineering, operations
Major application systems: • Materials resource planning systems, purchase
order control systems, engineering systems, quality control systems
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Manufacturing and Production Systems
Example of data flow in a Manufacturing & Production system
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
Machine control
Control the actions of machines and equipment
Operational
Production planning
Decide when and how many products should be produced
Management
Facilities location
Decide where to locate new production facilities
Strategic
Manufacturing and Production Systems
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Overview of an Inventory System
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Finance and Accounting Systems
Major functions of systems: • Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost
accountingaccounting
Major application systems: • General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts
payable, budgeting, funds management systemspayable, budgeting, funds management systems
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An Accounts Receivable System
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Finance and Accounting Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Finance & Accounting Systems (Continued)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATION-AL LEVEL
Accounts receivable
Tracks money owed the firm Operational
Budgeting Prepares short-term budgets Management
Profit planning Plans long-term profits Strategic
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Human Resource Systems
Major functions of systems: • Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor
relations, trainingrelations, training
Major application systems: • Payroll, employee records, benefit systems, Payroll, employee records, benefit systems,
career path systems, personnel training systemscareer path systems, personnel training systems
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Human Resource Systems (Continued) An Employee Recordkeeping System
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Human Resource Systems (Continued)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
Training and development
Tracks employee training, skills, and performance appraisals
Operational
Compensation analysis
Monitors the range and distribution of employee wages, salaries, and benefits
Management
Human resources planning
Plans the long-term labor force needs of the organization
Strategic
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Relationship of Systems to One Another
In contemporary digital firms, the different types of systems are closely linked to one another. This is the ideal. In traditional firms these systems tend to be isolated from one another, and information does not flow seamlessly from one end of the organization to the other. Efficiency and business value tend to suffer greatly in these traditional firms
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Business Processes and Information Systems
Cross-Functional Business Processes: Cross-Functional Business Processes:
• Transcend boundary between sales, marketing, Transcend boundary between sales, marketing, manufacturing, and research and developmentmanufacturing, and research and development
• Group employees from different functional Group employees from different functional specialties to a complete piece of workspecialties to a complete piece of work
Example: Order Fulfillment ProcessExample: Order Fulfillment Process
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications
35 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
The Order Fulfillment Process
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications
36 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
What Are Enterprise Systems? What Are Enterprise Systems?
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications
37 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Systems for Enterprise-Wide Process Integration
Enterprise applications:
• Designed to support organization-wide process Designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integrationcoordination and integration
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications
Usually Consists of Usually Consists of :
1. Enterprise systems / Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
2. Supply chain management systems (SCM)
3. Customer relationship management systems (CRM)
4. Knowledge management systems (KM)
38 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems39
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Example of an Enterprise Application: mySAP Business Suite
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications
SAP Enterprise Suite (mySAP Business Suite) consists of the following components: mySAP ERP (Finance, HR, Controlling, Analytics,
corporate services etc) mySAP SCM (Supply Chain Management) mySAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management) mySAP SRM (Supplier Relationship Management) mySAP PLM (Product Lifecycle Management)
SAP is world’s largest business software vendor based in Germany
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Example of an Enterprise Application: mySAP Business Suite
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to Enterprise Applications
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
1. Enterprise (ERP) Systems
• Enterprise systemsEnterprise systems, also known as enterprise , also known as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, provide a resource planning (ERP) systems, provide a single information system for organization-wide single information system for organization-wide coordination and integration of key business coordination and integration of key business processes.processes.
• Information that was previously fragmented in Information that was previously fragmented in different systems can now seamlessly flow different systems can now seamlessly flow throughout the firm so that it can be shared by throughout the firm so that it can be shared by business processes in manufacturing, business processes in manufacturing, accounting, human resources, and other areas.accounting, human resources, and other areas.
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
41 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Enterprise (ERP) Application Architecture
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Traditional “Silo” View of Information Systems
Within the business:Within the business: • There are functions, each having its uses of There are functions, each having its uses of
information systemsinformation systems
Outside the organization’s boundaries:Outside the organization’s boundaries: • There are customers and vendorsThere are customers and vendors
Functions tend to work in isolationFunctions tend to work in isolation
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Traditional View of Systems
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
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How Enterprise (ERP) Systems Work
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
• Interdependent software modules with a common central database that support basic internal business processes for finance and accounting, human resources, manufacturing and production, and sales and marketing
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Enterprise Systems:
• Enables data to be used by multiple functions and business
processes for precise organizational coordination and control.
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Benefits of Enterprise Systems
• A more uniform organization: A more uniform organization: create a more disciplined create a more disciplined organizational culture.organizational culture.
• More efficient operations and customer-driven business More efficient operations and customer-driven business processes: processes: By integrating discrete business processes in By integrating discrete business processes in sales, productions, finance, and logistic. sales, productions, finance, and logistic.
• Firm wide Information for improved decision making: Firm wide Information for improved decision making: The The data have common, standardized definition and formats data have common, standardized definition and formats that are accepted by the entire organization.that are accepted by the entire organization.
Major enterprises software vendors include SAP, PeopleSoft (ORACLE)
1. ENTERPRISE (ERP) SYSTEMS
47 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Supply Chain
• Network of organizations and business processes
• Helps in procurement of materials, transformation of raw materials into intermediate and finished products and
• Helps in distribution of the finished products to customers
• Materials, Payments, and information flow through the supply chain in both directions (more detail in Ch-9)
2. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
48 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems
• Coordination of business processes to speed
information, product, and fund flows up and
down a supply chain to reduce time, redundant
effort, and inventory costs (More detail in Ch-9)
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
2. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
49 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems50
Supply Chain Management (SCM) Process
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
2. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Business and technology discipline for managing Business and technology discipline for managing
customer relationships to optimize revenue, customer relationships to optimize revenue,
profitability, customer satisfaction, and customer profitability, customer satisfaction, and customer
retentionretention
• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with Manages all ways used by firms to deal with existing and potential new customersexisting and potential new customers
3. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
• Capture and integrate customer data from all over the organization
• Consolidate and analyze the data
• Distribute results to various systems and customer touch points across the enterprise
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
3. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
52 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems53
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
3. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Knowledge Management Systems
• Collects relevant knowledge and make it available Collects relevant knowledge and make it available
wherever and whenever it is neededwherever and whenever it is needed
• Support business processes and management Support business processes and management
decisionsdecisions
• Also link the firm to external sources of Also link the firm to external sources of
knowledgeknowledge
• Support processes for acquiring, storing, Support processes for acquiring, storing,
distributing, and applying knowledgedistributing, and applying knowledge
4. Knowledge Management Systems
54 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Knowledge Management Systems
4. Knowledge Management Systems
55 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
• There are extraordinary opportunities to use There are extraordinary opportunities to use
information systems to achieve business value, information systems to achieve business value,
and increase profitability and increase profitability
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS TO ENTERPRISE-WIDE INTEGRATION
Management Opportunities: Management Opportunities:
56 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems
Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Integration and the whole firm view:Integration and the whole firm view: Given the different interests and Given the different interests and
perspectives within a firm, it is difficult to achieve consensus about perspectives within a firm, it is difficult to achieve consensus about
the need for the "whole firm" viewpoint. the need for the "whole firm" viewpoint.
• Management and employee training:Management and employee training: Training a large number of Training a large number of
employees on many systems in a large organization involves employees on many systems in a large organization involves
commensurately large investments.commensurately large investments.
• Accounting for the cost of systems and managing demands for Accounting for the cost of systems and managing demands for
systems:systems: Given the large number of different types of systems in a Given the large number of different types of systems in a
firm, and the large number of people involved with using them, it is a firm, and the large number of people involved with using them, it is a
complex task to understand which systems are truly necessary and complex task to understand which systems are truly necessary and
productive with high returns on investment productive with high returns on investment
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS TO ENTERPRISE-WIDE INTEGRATION
Management Challenges: Management Challenges:
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Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsE-Business & Information Systems in the EnterpriseE-Business & Information Systems in the Enterprise
Solution Guidelines:Solution Guidelines:
• Inventory the firm’s information systems: Inventory the firm’s information systems: Develop Develop a list of firm-wide information requirements to give a list of firm-wide information requirements to give a 360-degree view of the most important a 360-degree view of the most important information needs of the firm.information needs of the firm.
• Employee and management education:Employee and management education: Ensure that Ensure that you understand how much training is required.you understand how much training is required.
• Account for the costs and benefits: Account for the costs and benefits: Develop an Develop an accounting system for information services firm- accounting system for information services firm- wide.wide.
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS TO ENTERPRISE-WIDE INTEGRATION
58 MIS 205 E-Business & Information Systems