E-Business and

E-CommerceE-Commerce

AMTI - Antonius Rachmat C, S.Kom, M.Cs

Tradisional vs Elektronik

• Sulit promosi & akses pasar

• Harus Face-to-face

• Bersifat Paperwork

• Biaya tinggi & Birokrasi

• Prosedur manual

• Akses pasar mudah

• Penilaian independent

• Negosiasi & penawaran

standard

• Bersifat Paperless• Prosedur manual

• Pasar kurang kompetitif

• Butuh pegawai banyak

• Butuh lokasi fisik

• Alur informasi transparan

• Anywhere-anytime

• Keamanan?

• Bisa bersifat “maya”

Key : product, process, dan delivery

E-BusinessE-Business merupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi juga meliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekan bisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).E – Business meliputi E -CommerceE – Business meliputi E -Commerce

EC can also be conducted via:•Private networks, •Local area networks (LANs) •Wide area networks (WANs) -> Internet

E-Commerce

• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS

– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking

• Secara khusus• Secara khusus– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan

– Ada transaksi

• E-Commerce Perdagangan:– Buy, sell, serving, transfer, exchange

• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an

• Pure EC (cth: e-book) vs Partial EC (cth: book)

EC model newcomers

• Blogers: blogspot, wordpress• Chemistry: match.com• Photo sharing: flickr.com• Video Broadcast: Youtube.com• Community: facebook dan friendster• Radio online: swaragama, yogyastreamers.com dll• Online encyclopedia: wikipedia.org • Online encyclopedia: wikipedia.org • E-book sharing: swook.com, flazx.com• E-learning: ratemyprofessor.com, collegerecruting.com,

powerstudents.com• Job market: jobsdb.com• Travel Service: expedia.com• Iklan: Google AdSense & AdWord• Real Estate:rumahyogya.com

The Structure of E-Commerce

E-Commerce Business Model

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-7

EEEE----CommerceCommerceCommerceCommerce ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication• ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

� sistem informasi pendukung e-business, yg menyediakan berbagai macam kebutuhan

perusahaan seperti supply chain, CRM, marketing,

warehouse, shipping, dan payment, serta mampu

melakukan otomatisasi proses bisnismelakukan otomatisasi proses bisnis

• CRM (Customer Relationship management)

� sistem kustomisasi real time yang memanajemen kustomer dan melakukan personalisasi produk dan servis berdasarkan keinginan kustomer

EEEE----Business Application Business Application Business Application Business Application (lanjutan..)(lanjutan..)(lanjutan..)(lanjutan..)

• EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)

� merupakan konsep integrasi berbagai

proses bisnis dengan memperbolehkan

mereka saling bertukar data berbasis mereka saling bertukar data berbasis

message.

• SCM (Supply Chain Management)

� manajemen rantai supply secara otomatis

terkomputerisasi.

ERP

Customer service step

• Requirement: mengetahui kebutuhan customer, bs

didapat dari catalog / CD

• Acquisition: membantu customer memilih produk,

termasuk order online, nego, dan deliverytermasuk order online, nego, dan delivery

• Ownership: support kepemilikan produk dari

customer, dgn forum, FAQ, renewal, mailing list

• Retirement: support ttg layanan purna jual, online

resale, lelang barang & classified add

CRM

EAI system

integrating application(contains the composition logic)

message broker, ex: CORBA, RMI

SmartQuotation DBMSapplications

SmartForecasting XYZ

SmartQuotationadapter

databaseadapter

SmartForecastingadapter

e-mailadapter

XYZadapter

SCM

Sales Order

Components of EC

• People: Sellers, buyers, intermediaries, information systems specialists and other employees, and any other participants

• Public policy: Legal and other policy and regulating issues, such as privacy protection and taxation

• Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually • Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually requires the support of marketing and advertising

• Support services: Many services are needed to support EC. They range from payments to order delivery and after sales services

• Business partnerships: Joint ventures, e-marketplaces, and partnerships are some frequently occurring relationships in e-business

A framework for E-commerce

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-17

Kemampuan E-Commerce

• OTOMATISASI, proses otomatisasi yang menggantikan proses manual.(“enerprise resource planning” concept)

• INTEGRASI, proses yang terintegrasi yang akan meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses. (“just in time” concept)

• PUBLIKASI, memberikan jasa promosi dan komunikasi atas produk dan jasa yang dipasarkan secara elektronik. (“electronic cataloging” concept)concept)

• INTERAKSI, pertukaran data atau informasi antar berbagai pihak yang akan meminimalkan “human error” (“electronic data interchange/EDI” concept)

• TRANSAKSI, kesepakatan antara 2 pihak untuk melakukan transaksi yang melibatkan institusi lainnya (pihak ketiga) sebagai pihak yang menangani pembayaran (“electronic payment” concept)

Manfaat E-Commerce

• Jenis bisnis baru

– Bisa menjual tanpa modal besar

• Market exposure, melebarkan jangkauan

• Memperpendek waktu product cycle• Memperpendek waktu product cycle

– Tidak perlu banyak tangan

• Meningkatkan customer loyality

• Mengurangi biaya produksi dan promosi

• Mengurangi biaya inventory

Manfaat EC

• Mengurangi biaya komunikasi

• Hampir tidak terlihat perbedaan antara perusahaan besar dan kecil

• Memudahkan konsumen memilih barang, 24 jam nonstopnonstop

• Mempercepat dan mempermudah transaksi, anywhere

• Memungkinkan barang dijual lebih murah

Layanan E-Commerce Khas Indonesia

• Contoh layanan khas Indonesia– Wartel & Warnet

– SMS

– Berganti-ganti handphone (lifestyle?)

– Games, kuis– Games, kuis

• Peluang bisnis baru yang khas Indonesia– SMS/Mobile-based applications

– nonton TV dengan chatting

– Games, kuis

– Sport (World Cup)

– Jual Buku online (bukabuku.com, bukukita.com)

– Star on TV (Indonesian Idol)

Jenis E-Commerce

• Business-to-Consumer (B2C)– Electronic storefronts/mall

• Business-to-Business (B2B)– Google/Amazon

• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)– Eceran / Lelang

• Business-to-Employee (B2E)– Employee juga sebagai customer/supplier

• E-Government– Layanan online pemerintah

• M-Commerce

Electronic Catalogs

E-Auctions

E-Classifieds

Customization in E-Commerce

Hambatan / Tantangan• Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas dan mahal

• Delivery channel– Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan.

– Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang

– Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang

• Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust)

• Security

• Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru• Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru– Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu

– Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis

• Ketidakjelasan hukum– Digital signature

– Uang digital / cybermoney

– Status hukum dari paper-less transaction

FaktorFaktorFaktorFaktor----Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan EEEE----BusinessBusinessBusinessBusiness

• Tidak ada komitmen yang utuh dari manajemen.

• Penerapan e-business tidak diikuti proses change management.

• Tidak profesionalnya vendor teknologi informasi yang menjadi mitra bisnis

• Buruknya infrastruktur komunikasi

• Tidak selarasnya strategi TI dengan strategi perusahaan. • Tidak selarasnya strategi TI dengan strategi perusahaan.

• Adanya masalah keamanan dalam bertransaksi

• Kurangnya dukungan finansial

• Belum adanya peraturan yang mendukung dan melindungi pihak-pihak yang bertransaksi (cyberlaw),

• Menggunakan target jangka pendek sebagai pijakan investasi e-business.

Kiat Membangun EKiat Membangun EKiat Membangun EKiat Membangun E----BusinessBusinessBusinessBusiness

• Membenahi terlebih dahulu sistem pengelolaan sumber daya perusahaan secara terpadu.

• Membuat perencanaan investasiteknologi secara mendetail dan komprehensif.

• Menentukan arah investasi teknologi • Menentukan arah investasi teknologi untuk menjawab kebutuhan jangka panjang.

• Membentuk struktur organisasi yang fleksibel dan adaptif terhadap perubahan.

• Melakukan kerjasama kondusif dengan berbagai mitra bisnis (vendor, pemasok barang, lembaga keuangan, dan lain sebagainya).

Sistem Pembayaran E-Commerce

Jenis E-Payment

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-31

How e-credit cards work.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-32

Auctions and Bartering

The major mechanism for buying and selling on theInternet is the electronic catalog.

There are two common mechanisms used in itsimplementation: electronic auctions and bartering online

• Electronic Auctions (e-Auctions): A market mechanism by which sellers place offers and buyers make sequential bids

• Forward auctions are auctions where sellers place items at sites for auction and buyers bid continuously for the items.

• Reverse auctions, have one buyer, usually an organization, that wants to buy a product or a service. Suppliers are invited to submit bids .

Perangkat Internet Mobile

Mobile Commerce: Overview

• Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,

m-Business)—any e-Commerce done in a

wireless environment, especially via the

InternetInternet

– Can be done via the Internet, private

communication lines, smart cards, etc.

– Creates opportunity to deliver new services to

existing customers and to attract new ones

Contoh M-commerce

• Pembayaran tagihan melalui mobile phones

• Pengenalan suara melalui mobile phones untuk membeli karcis bioskop

• Pembelian tiket pesawat melalui mobile phones• Pembelian tiket pesawat melalui mobile phones

• SMS informasi kuliah

• Pembayaran uang kuliah

• Transfer dana melalui mobile phone

• Informasi kurs dan saham

• Daily motivation, news

m-Commerce Terminology

• Generations

– 1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology

– 2G: current wireless technology; mainly

accommodates text

– 2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics

– 3G: 3rd generation technology (2001-2005) supports

rich media (video clips)

– 4G: will provide faster multimedia display (2006-2010)

Terminology and Standards

• GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System

• PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld wireless

computer

• SMS: Short Message Service• SMS: Short Message Service

• EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service

• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service

• WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

• Smartphones—Internet-enabled cell phones with

attached applications

Tantangan m-commerce

• Security, protocol, standards

• Usability user interface

• Heterogeneous Technologies

– Platform, programming language, databases, etc– Platform, programming language, databases, etc

• Business Model Issues

Usability Approaches

• Graffiti (Scaled-down handwriting recognition, Palm devices)

• T9 Text Input (Word completion, most cell phones)

• Full alphanumeric keypad & scrollbar (Blackberry)

• Restricted VoiceXML grammars for better voice • Restricted VoiceXML grammars for better voice recognition

• Careful task-based Graphical User Interface & Dialog Design

Limitations of m-Commerce

• Usability Problem

– small size of mobile devices (screens,

keyboards, etc)

– limited storage capacity of devices– limited storage capacity of devices

– hard to browse sites

• Technical Limitations

– lack of a standardized security protocol

– insufficient bandwidth

Limiting technological factors

Networks•Bandwidth•Interoperability•Cell Range

Localisation•Upgrade of Network•Upgrade of Mobile

Devices

Mobile Middleware•Standards•Distribution

Mobile Devices•Battery•Memory•CPU•Display Size

•Roaming •Precision

Security•Mobile Device•Network•Gateway

Di belakang Layar EC & MC

• Teknologi Client Server

– Three tier layer (+ web)

• Teknologi Web Database (Database Layer)

– Oracle, MySQL, SQL server, Postgres– Oracle, MySQL, SQL server, Postgres

• Teknologi Middleware

– CORBA, RMI, JDBC, RPC, Web Service

Application Layer Technologies

• Micro-browser based:WAP/WML, HDML: OpenwaveiMode (HTML): NTT DoCoMoWeb Clipping: Palm.netXHTML: W3C

• Voice-browser based:• Voice-browser based:VoiceXML: W3C

• Client-side: J2ME: Java 2 Micro Edition (Sun)WMLScript: Openwave

• Messaging: SMS: Part of GSM Spec.

NEXT

• Mobile, wireless, and pervasive computing