E-ASEM Whitepaper: e-Learning for Lifelong learning in Thailand Asst. Prof. Thapanee Thammetar,Ph.D Director, Thailand Cyber University Project Office

e-ASEM Whitepaper:e-Learning for Lifelong learning in Thailand

Asst. Prof. Thapanee Thammetar,Ph.DDirector, Thailand Cyber University ProjectOffice of the Higher Education Commission

Ministry of Education, Thailand

www.thaicyberu.go.th

Contents of Presentation

I. Educational systems

II. Concepts of lifelong learning and e-learning

III. Government policy, finance/funding, regulation of e-learning for lifelong learning

V. Typical e-learning for lifelong learning

VI. Recommendations and Prospects

IV. Status and characteristics of e-learning for lifelong learning


I. Educational systems

According to Thailand’s National Education Act of B.E.2542 (1999), Chapter 3 “Educational System”, Section 15, there shall be three types of education:

1)Formal education2)Non-formal education

3)Informal education


II. Concepts of lifelong learning and e-learning

Lifelong Learning

-Lifelong learning is meant to enhance human development and the fulfillment of man (UNESCO 1972).

-Lifelong learning is seen as the means to upgrade individual’s skill to be compatible with technological development and the changing world of work (OECD 1996).

E-Learning

- E-Learning enables anyone to study anywhere and anytime (TCU 2006).


1997 Thai Constitution

“All citizens have both the right and the duty to receive education and training, guarantees

academic freedom and emphasizes the role of the private sector for the provision of

education at all levels.”



10th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2007-2011)

“Provide all persons with physical and mental development, knowledge, ability, career skills,

and life security, and enable all target groups to develop their own potential and strengthen

family, community, and society.”



National Education Act of 1999

Educational provision shall be based on… (1) lifelong education for all, (2) all segment of society participating in the

provision of education: (3) continuous development of the bodies of

knowledge edge and learning processes…



Framework of the Second 15-Year Long Range Plan for Higher Education of Thailand

“Upgrade Thailand’s Higher Education sector and increase the quality of human resources in order to be

equipped with lifelong job opportunities.”



Encourages individuals to continue to learn after their graduation in order to keep up

with the changing global environment.

Lifelong learning offers a “second chance” to those who “missed out” to return

to formal education.

Lifelong learning is discussed in relation to adult education, especially for the elderly.

3 dimensions to lifelong learning in Thailand’s higher education policy.



e-Learninge-Learning

Expanding educational opportunity for people anywhere

and anytime

Lifelong learning society


Copyright 2010 Laohajaratsang, Thanomporn (Chiang Mai University)

A Study was Conducted During 2008-2009 on the readiness of e-Learning in Thai education institutes.Data was collected from 91 institutes of public (72)

and private (19) Universities.

Survey on the readiness of e-Learning

By Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thanomporn LaohajaratsangChiang Mai University

Supported by TCU


e-Learning usages in

Thai Higher Education 2010 Detail %

Using e-Learning in institutes

• Yes 94.51

• No 5.49

Period of using e-Learning

• Less than 1 year 11.63

• 1 – 3 year 24.42

• 3 – 5 year 38.37

• More than 5 year 22.09


e-Learning usages in Thai Higher Education Institutes

Detail Percentage in 2009

Percentage in 2006

Using e-Learning in institutes • Yes 94.51 92.94• No 5.49 7.06Period of using e-Learning

• Less than 1 year 11.63 22.78

• 1 – 3 year 24.42 45.57

• 3 – 5 year 38.37 22.78

• More than 5 year 22.09 8.87



Detail Percentage in 2009

Text - Based 48.28

Low cost Interactive Online Course 31.9

High Quality Online Course 19.82

Courseware Type


Courseware %

Supplementary 52.24

Complementary 39.55

Comprehensive replacement 8.21

e-Learning courseware usage



High (3.51 – 4.00 ) ?รกกสำ�� (2.51 – 3.50)

ศนไ (1.51 – 2.50 ) No (1.00 – 1.50 )

Level of Problems in Developing e-Learning System

Detail Mean Level Year 2006Mean Levle

Software and hardware resources

2.56 Low 2.99 Middle

Human resources 3.42 Middle 3.44 Middle

Instructors 3.25 Middle 3.51 High

Students 2.91 Middle 3.22 Middle

Total 3.04 Middle 3.29 Middle


The survey of e-Learning curriculum in Thailand was done by collecting data from e-Learning curriculum administrators from 9 universities: 1. Assumption University 2. Rangsit University 3. University of The Thai Chamber of Commerce 4. Naresuan University 5. Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University 6. Ramkhamhaeng University 7. Thailand Cyber University 8. Chulalongkorn University 9. Rajapark Institute

Situation of e-Learning Curriculum in Graduate Level in Thailand

Level of Problems in e-Learning Curriculum

Details Mean Level

Curriculum management system such as the lateness and low quality of curriculum management.

2.4 Low

Materials for learning and teaching in the curriculum such as computer network service and network equipment for students to access special learning.

1.4

Low

Student support service such as problems of giving support to students in the curriculum.

2 Low

The needs of the labor market and the satisfaction of graduate employers

1 Low

Details Mean Level

Human resources such as the lack of Instructional Designer and/or the readiness of instructors in e-Learning courses.

2.8 Middle

Budget such as the readiness of budget for supporting e-Learning curriculum management.

2 Low

Instructors such as the readiness of instructors in e-Learning courses.

2 Low

Students such as the readiness and attitudes of student in e-Learning courses.

1.75 Low

Total 1.91 Low

Level of Problems in e-Learning Curriculum

85% e-Learning is not a new thing (anymore) for higher education institutes (more than 3 years)

Period of accepting innovations does not depend on time.

Increasingly supported by government organization about 15%

Research Conclusion



Research Conclusion Higher Education is the main sector that develop e-Learning in

Thailand (compared to private sector and basic education). Readiness factors include

- The support from government organizations such as TCU in know-how knowledge and budget.

- Government organization mechanic such as OHEC’s KPI for quality assurance (60%)

- 60% of institutes set as a mission and 80% has a budget or development plan.

- Innovations can be sold.



Open for all, both high

school graduates and

people in labour market

Open Universities

Enable workers who did not

have a formal education

degree to take an equivalent educational

route



Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University

• The first distance education university in Thailand.• Use several media for providing distance education. • Develop e-Learning courses and provides them online (http://www.stou.ac.th/eLearning).

• Provide online certificate degree program or e-Training (http://www.stou.ac.th/study/projects/training/doc/index.htm).



Sukhothai Thammathirat University’s e-Learning System



Ramkhamhaeng University

• The first knowledge supermarket for the high school graduates who need the first or second degree. • Developed e-Learning courses and provided them online. (http://www.ram.edu/elearning/index.php).



Ramkhamhaeng University’s e-Learning System



The Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education (ONIE)

• The main organization responsible for non-formal and informal education.



ONIE e-Learning Regional Offices


Using ICT in EducationThe establishment of the Act of Parliament on

Education 1999 (revised 2002). The first educational law that emphasized the importance and support of ICT for education.


National Educational TechnologyOrganization

ICT Infrastructure

Software + Courseware

Human Resource

Thailand Educational Act 1999: Section 9 Educational Technology

Increase Access Improve qualityElements for the development of technology for education

Important Essence…Promoting to use ICT for education in the Act of

Parliament on Education

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- IT InfrastructureIT Infrastructure - Tele-Education- Tele-Education- R&D on IT Network- R&D on IT Network

- Utilize IT Infrastructure to promote Utilize IT Infrastructure to promote effectiveness education via online effectiveness education via online distance education distance education - - Create cooperative network among Create cooperative network among local local

universities to minimize investmentuniversities to minimize investment- R&D in online distance education- R&D in online distance education

Office of the Higher

Education Commission

Office of BASIC Office of BASIC Education commissionEducation commission

VOCATIONAL EducationVOCATIONAL Educationcommissioncommission

Inter-University Inter-University NetworkNetwork

Thailand Cyber Thailand Cyber University ProjectUniversity Project

Office of PermanentOffice of PermanentSecretarySecretary

Office of EducationalOffice of EducationalCouncil Council

MOEMOE

(founded 1996)

(founded 2005)

Scope in 2009-2011

Fiber Optic to accommodate the core network (Backbone) that can support bandwidth 20 - 50 Gbps.

Linked network institutions / agencies for education. 293 Universities (1,000 Mbps each of the N x 1,000 Mbps). 415 Vocational Education (100 - 1,000 Mbps) 3,000 schools (10 - 100 Mbps).

Development Teacher tv (IPTV) to provide resources for education.



University Network (UniNet) (UniNet)

• To be “National ICT infrastructure” for higher educational institutes to connect every institution of higher education to the Internet for education and research.• To be central hub for connecting to other national and international network.


Global and Local Network

CAT-IIGCAT-IIGCAT-NIX CAT-NIX

TEIN2TEIN2

Domestic Exchange

GlobalInternet

ThaiSARNThaiSARN

Research Internet

Internet2 Internet2

TOT-NIX TOT-NIX

10 Gbps

10 Gbps

1 Gbps

1 Gbps 2.5 Gbps

2.5 Gbps

155 Mbps155 Mbps

155 Mbps155 Mbps

1 Gbps1 Gbps

MOEMOE

1 Gbps

1 Gbps

UniNetUniNetAbilene,KAREN,CalREN Abilene,KAREN,CalREN

Total 15.8 GbpsTotal 15.8 Gbps

Inter-University NetworkPhase 2 (UniNet 2)September 2009

Extended to

National Education Network(Inter-connecting

Basic edu, Higher edu, Vocational edu)


NEdNetNational Education Network

NEdNet Vocational College

Vocational College

UniversityUniversity

urank.infostks.or.th

Public libraryPublic libraryEducation

regional officeEducation

regional officeNEdNet

School

Online learning center

Home and office learning center

E-Libra

ry

E-Libra

ryResearche

s

Researche

se-

Learning

e-LearningDistance

LearningDistance Learning

IPTVIPTVLow-cost Knowledge

Center

Project PurposesNational Education Network (Ned.Net)

To develop information network for education to be the main network connecting education institutes at all levels: higher education, vocational education, and basic education.

To promote the use of educational network for country’s education and research efficiently and effectively.


Targets National Education Network Provide appropriate bandwidth for all level of education UniNet Network expansion to a network of Ministry of

Education. Support usage of the entire education system. 1) University connected (Dark Fiber) with bandwidth 1 Gbps - Nx1 Gbps.

2) Vocational institutions bandwidth 100-1,000 Mbps.

3) school bandwidth 10-100 Mbps. Research network at least 10 Gbps.



Credit bank and credit transfer

Co-operation for new and rare resources

curriculum

Sharing human and educational resources

Multi-disciplinary curriculum

Raise the quality level of higher education

Extended Higher Education Opportunities for Thai People and AllsExtended Higher Education Opportunities for Thai People and Alls

The e-learning consortium of all Thai universitiesThe e-learning consortium of all Thai universities

Thailand Cyber University

36 public and private universities joined membership More than 500 courses (include small contents) More than 16 programs (certificate / bachelor degree /

master degree) More than 2,463 teachers joined to create content and

teach for some courses More than 41,855 students joined to learn both self-pace or

collaborative mode

July 2010 V. Typical e-learning for lifelong learning


Thailand Cyber University Project

• To effectively enhance access to higher education through distance learning via UniNet.• To encourage the collaboration among Thai universities in effective sharing of educational resources.• To upgrade and assure the quality of e-Learning learning.• To be center in transferring of knowledge credit which will increase opportunities for those who in the workplace to upgrade their knowledge and skill or to further their study which will lead to lifelong learning.



Government policy supporting the expansion of education opportunity and lifelong learning.

E-learning has been used to support lifelong learning. Setting up of Thailand Cyber University Project

Successful operation of lifelong learning > cooperation from stakeholders in the society.

VI. Recommendations and Prospects

www.thaicyberu.go.thwww.thaicyberu.go.th

Documents

E-ASEM Whitepaper: e-Learning for Lifelong learning in Thailand Asst. Prof. Thapanee Thammetar,Ph.D Director, Thailand Cyber University Project Office