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ATHLONATHLON

ATHLONATHLON MEDAMEDALL

Presented to

International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators

Richardson, Texas

April 20, 2007

Presented by

Sgt. Steve Garst

Community Services Division

Little Elm Police Department, Texas

Campus Crime PreventionCampus Crime Prevention

Agenda

Key Concepts of Security & StrategiesKey Concepts of Security & Strategies

Security Surveys and Annual Security Surveys and Annual AssessmentsAssessments

Alarm SystemsAlarm Systems

Perimeter ControlPerimeter Control

Lighting Considerations and Safety ReinforcementLighting Considerations and Safety Reinforcement

Locks – a brief refresherLocks – a brief refresher

CameraCamerassTerrorismTerrorism

Crime Prevention Through Environmental DesignC.P.T.E.D.

The majority of the things The majority of the things related to CPTED are…related to CPTED are…

COMMON SENSE & COMMON SENSE & GOOD JUDGMENTGOOD JUDGMENT

Security Truism

ConveniencConveniencee KillsKills

SafetySafety

ConvenientConvenient

SafeSafe ConvenientConvenient

SafeSafe

Security Caveat

No security system can be made completely No security system can be made completely secure!secure!

Anything made by man can be defeated by Anything made by man can be defeated by man!man!

Four D’s of Crime Four D’s of Crime PreventionPrevention

1. Deter the criminal 1. Deter the criminal attackattack

2. Detect the attack2. Detect the attack

3. Delay the attack3. Delay the attack

4. Deny access to selected targets4. Deny access to selected targets

Natural SurveillanceNatural Surveillance

Natural Access Natural Access ControlControl

Territorial BehaviorTerritorial Behavior

MaintenanceMaintenance

Key CPTED ConceptsKey CPTED Concepts

Four Key Concepts of CPTED

1.) Natural Surveillance1.) Natural Surveillance

Place physical features, activities, andPlace physical features, activities, and people in a way that maximizes people in a way that maximizes visibility.visibility.

Public spaces, walks, etc. well Public spaces, walks, etc. well lighted atlighted at nightnight

Four Concepts – cont.

2.) Natural Access Control2.) Natural Access Control

Physically guiding people coming Physically guiding people coming and going from a space by and going from a space by strategically placing entrances, strategically placing entrances, exits, fences, landscaping and exits, fences, landscaping and lighting.lighting.

Four Concepts – cont.

3.) Territorial Reinforcement3.) Territorial Reinforcement

Using physical attributes that Using physical attributes that express ownership such as express ownership such as fences, pavement treatment, art, fences, pavement treatment, art, signage, and lighting.signage, and lighting.

Highway

Public Sidewalk

Green Belt

Your Driveway

Your Building Sidewalk

Fence or low landscaping

Your Building

Lighting

Grass, dirt, gravel, other area

Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk

Four Concepts – concluded

4.) 4.) Maintenance Maintenance

Allows for the continued use of Allows for the continued use of space for its intended purposespace for its intended purpose

Serves as additional expression of Serves as additional expression of ownershipownership

Prevents reduction of visibility Prevents reduction of visibility (overgrowth)(overgrowth)

1. Designation1. Designation

2. Definition2. Definition

3. Design3. Design

(90 % of mistakes made here)(90 % of mistakes made here)

Assessment of Space – 3 D’s

Selected Strategies

First…First…

Provide clear border definition of controlled Provide clear border definition of controlled space.space.

May be identified physically or May be identified physically or symbolically (mow yard)symbolically (mow yard)

Can include fence, shrubs, or signsCan include fence, shrubs, or signs

Underlying principal is that a Underlying principal is that a reasonable person will be able to reasonable person will be able to

recognize the transition from public to recognize the transition from public to privateprivate..

Strategies – cont.

Second…Second…Provides transitional zonesProvides transitional zones

Provide marked zones that indicate movement Provide marked zones that indicate movement from public to semipublic to private spacefrom public to semipublic to private space

Third…Third…Place safe activities in unsafe locationsPlace safe activities in unsafe locations

Serves as magnet for normal usersServes as magnet for normal users

Useful in school campus, parks, Useful in school campus, parks, offices… (smoking, valet parking, offices… (smoking, valet parking, children playing)children playing)

Strategies – cont.

Fourth…Fourth…Place unsafe activities in safe locationsPlace unsafe activities in safe locations

Laundromat in an apartment complexLaundromat in an apartment complex

Fifth…Fifth…

Redesign space to increase perception or Redesign space to increase perception or reality of natural surveillancereality of natural surveillance

Perception of surveillance is more Perception of surveillance is more powerful than actual surveillancepowerful than actual surveillance

SixthSixth

Relocate gathering areas to locations with Relocate gathering areas to locations with natural surveillance and access control or to natural surveillance and access control or to locations away from the view of would-be locations away from the view of would-be offendersoffendersSeventhSeventh

Redesign the use of space to provide natural Redesign the use of space to provide natural barriers to conflicting activitiesbarriers to conflicting activities

EighthEighth

Overcome distance and isolation through Overcome distance and isolation through improved communication and design improved communication and design efficienciesefficiencies

Strategies – cont.

Student Parking

School

Informal Gathering

Areas

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking

School

Formal Gathering

Areas

Fencing or landscaping

Add Lighting

Add Lighting

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking

Curb Line

Cu

rb

Lin

e

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Student Parking

Curb Line

Cu

rb

Lin

e

Fencing or low landscaping

Optional Gate

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe (Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe PlacesPlaces

Main Street

School Building

Student Parking

Faculty,/Visitor Parking

Band and cheerleader practice in

student lot after school.

Activity is hidden.

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places

Main Street

School Building

Student Parking

Faculty,/Visitor Parking

After hour parking for away athletic events. Lots of car burglaries or criminal mischief.

Driver’s Education

Training after school

Driveway

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places

School Building

Student Parking

Faculty,/Visitor Parking

Move Driver’s Ed to back. Coming

and going will help watch

activity.

Place after-hour parking in front

Driveway

Main StreetSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Nine Points of Security Concern

1. General purpose of the building1. General purpose of the building

2. Hazards involving the building or 2. Hazards involving the building or occupantsoccupants3. Police or security 3. Police or security applicationsapplications4. Physical recommendations 4. Physical recommendations

(doors, windows, lightings, access (doors, windows, lightings, access points)points)5. Locks, key or card control5. Locks, key or card control

Nine Points - ContinuedNine Points - Continued

6. Alarms6. Alarms

7. Storage7. Storage

(money, expensive equipment, (money, expensive equipment, chemicals)chemicals)8. Signs8. Signs

9. Support staff9. Support staff

Cost-effectiveness

One of the most difficult concepts of securityOne of the most difficult concepts of security

We always have to consider what is being protectedWe always have to consider what is being protected

How important is it?How important is it?

Does the cost of protecting it outweigh it’s value?Does the cost of protecting it outweigh it’s value?

Three Lines of Defense

Perimeter Barriers - The first line of defensePerimeter Barriers - The first line of defense

Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and roofroof

Building interiorBuilding interior

Perimeter Barrier… The First Line of

Defense

What is a barrier?What is a barrier?

Anything that restricts or obstructsAnything that restricts or obstructs

Intended for both physical Intended for both physical and psychological and psychological deterrencedeterrence

Maintenance

A very important, but often ignored A very important, but often ignored aspect…aspect…

Must be Must be inspectedinspected on a periodic basis to on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc. digging, damage, climbing aides, etc.

Locks on gates and other openings in the Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be barrier must be inspected periodicallyinspected periodically and and

changedchanged at planned intervals at planned intervals

““BROKEN WINDOWS” conceptBROKEN WINDOWS” concept

Control Ingress and Egress

Serve as a channel for persons and Serve as a channel for persons and vehiclesvehicles

Must accommodate routine, expected Must accommodate routine, expected movementmovement

Must also consider Must also consider emergenciesemergencies

Must not deter from the overall value or Must not deter from the overall value or benefit of the barrier itselfbenefit of the barrier itself

Visibility Issues

Must Must NOTNOT obstruct visibility obstruct visibility

A solid barrier has two negative effects…A solid barrier has two negative effects…

• Provides a shield for unauthorized Provides a shield for unauthorized activityactivity• Prohibits visual inspection of the Prohibits visual inspection of the propertyproperty

Common Perimeter Barriers

Types of fencesTypes of fences

Expanded Metal

Expanded MetalPrivacyPrivacy

Wro

ught

Iron

Wro

ught

Iron Chain Link

Chain Link

Landscaping and Shrubbery

Insure optimum visibility of all possible Insure optimum visibility of all possible entrances and exitsentrances and exits

Locate shrubs eighteen (18) to twenty-four Locate shrubs eighteen (18) to twenty-four (24) inches away from all entrances and (24) inches away from all entrances and exitsexitsCut shrubs at least six (6) inches below Cut shrubs at least six (6) inches below window level, or no higher than eighteen (18) window level, or no higher than eighteen (18) inchesinchesTrim tall shrubs and trees for the ground up Trim tall shrubs and trees for the ground up to six (6) to eight (8) feet to assure visibilityto six (6) to eight (8) feet to assure visibility

Landscaping and Shrubbery – cont.

Separate hedges to prevent hidingSeparate hedges to prevent hiding

Recommend preventive measures that Recommend preventive measures that serve to increase the chances of serve to increase the chances of detectiondetectionGenerally, thick and thorny type bushes or Generally, thick and thorny type bushes or hedges are most recommended…buthedges are most recommended…but

……remember that they may be used to hide remember that they may be used to hide an intruderan intruder

Generally includes additional barriers, such Generally includes additional barriers, such as an alarm systemas an alarm system

Lighting

Proper lighting serves as one of the most Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers availableeffective perimeter barriers available

Provides both a physical and Provides both a physical and psychological deterrencepsychological deterrence

Very efficient deterrentVery efficient deterrent

Partially restores some of the Partially restores some of the deterrence provided by daylightdeterrence provided by daylight

MUSTMUST……

Be functioning properlyBe functioning properly

Protect fixtures, switches, fuse Protect fixtures, switches, fuse boxesboxes

Not just Not just MoreMore Light Light

More More AppropriateAppropriate LightLight

Lighting Recommendations

Be Be specificspecific on type of lighting on type of lighting recommendedrecommendedBest to have a minimum / maximum recommendationBest to have a minimum / maximum recommendation

MinimumMinimum can be can be done right done right nownow and usually and usually less costlyless costly

MaximumMaximum usually usually takes takes longerlonger and/or and/or more costlymore costly

Sometimes more light is not the answer. Sometimes more light is not the answer. May just need to adjust or re-direct what’s May just need to adjust or re-direct what’s therethere

Building Exterior – Second Line of

DefenseConsider principle points of entryConsider principle points of entry

DoorsDoors WindowWindowss

Roof Roof hatcheshatches

SkylightSkylightssFloorsFloors Storm Storm

sewerssewersIn other words…. Consider In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and not only sides but top and bottom.bottom.

Concessions made on the first line of Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for heredefense should be made up for here

Window air conditionerWindow air conditioner

Building Exterior Guidelines

Any opening larger than Any opening larger than nine (9) inches nine (9) inches squaresquare requires attention as a security issue requires attention as a security issue

Any opening on a wall less that Any opening on a wall less that eighteen eighteen (18) feet from the ground(18) feet from the ground requires requires attentionattention

Windows

Any window less than Any window less than eighteen (18) feeteighteen (18) feet from the ground is a possible entry point.from the ground is a possible entry point.

Any opening more than Any opening more than nine (9) inches nine (9) inches squaresquare is also a possible entry point is also a possible entry point

ReminderReminder

AdditionallAdditionallyyTo comply with security standards for To comply with security standards for

insurance purposes, all windows must insurance purposes, all windows must have two locks.have two locks.

Other Entry Points

Sewers, storm drains, manhole coversSewers, storm drains, manhole covers

(secure with chains, padlocks, bars, (secure with chains, padlocks, bars, grating)grating)

Roof / roof hatches / skylightsRoof / roof hatches / skylights

(make recommendations as (make recommendations as circumstances dictate)circumstances dictate)

Shafts, vents, ducts, fire escapesShafts, vents, ducts, fire escapes

(make recommendations as (make recommendations as circumstances dictate)circumstances dictate)

Interior Controls – Third Line of

DefenseComplex area and may vary Complex area and may vary considerably from building to buildingconsiderably from building to building

Considerations are:Considerations are:

LocksLocks

Key control

Key control

AlarmsAlarms

CamerasCameras

Metal detectors

Metal detectors

Type of Type of

glassglass

AccessAccess

Key Control

How many keys are out How many keys are out there?there?How do you know, for How do you know, for sure?sure?When was the last time building was re-When was the last time building was re-keyed?keyed?Who has keys?Who has keys?

What do they What do they open?open?Are there any reports of lost keys?Are there any reports of lost keys?

If ‘yes’, what action was taken?If ‘yes’, what action was taken?

Building Access

Is entry limited to certain doors?Is entry limited to certain doors?

Can secured doors be easily Can secured doors be easily defeated?defeated?What precautions are in place to prevent What precautions are in place to prevent defeat?defeat?Who unlocks / locks building?Who unlocks / locks building?

Locks… and what else?

Photo ID cards - StaffPhoto ID cards - Staff

Photo ID cards - StudentsPhoto ID cards - Students

Photo ID cards - VisitorsPhoto ID cards - Visitors

Proximity Card AccessProximity Card Access

Intrusion Alarms - Intrusion Alarms - OverviewOverview

Conduct basic check of the system.Conduct basic check of the system.

Can it be armed / disarmed as Can it be armed / disarmed as designed?designed? Does it dial in to dispatch?Does it dial in to dispatch?

When was code last changed?When was code last changed?

Are detectors located in appropriate Are detectors located in appropriate locations?locations? Are all detectors operational?Are all detectors operational?

Do all keypads work?Do all keypads work?

Cameras - Overview

Cameras have been documented as being effective in…Cameras have been documented as being effective in…

Deterring criminal activityDeterring criminal activity

Documenting criminal activityDocumenting criminal activity

Reducing property loss, thus reducingReducing property loss, thus reducing insurance premiums and related costsinsurance premiums and related costs Reducing personal injury incidentsReducing personal injury incidents

Providing court-approved Providing court-approved evidenceevidence Diffusing parental disputes of child’s Diffusing parental disputes of child’s activityactivity

Weather and other Shelter-in-Weather and other Shelter-in-PlacePlace

Red and Green DotsRed and Green Dots

Low costLow cost

Easy to installEasy to install

Easy to trainEasy to train

Easy to followEasy to follow

TerrorismTerrorism

High Value TargetsHigh Value Targets

Research LabsResearch Labs

HAZMET PotentialHAZMET Potential

Dignitary ProtectionDignitary Protection

TerrorismTerrorismBuilding IdentificationBuilding Identification

Roof (building) and Door Roof (building) and Door IdentificationIdentification

Unique building identifiersUnique building identifiers

Individual door numbering & orientationIndividual door numbering & orientation

Ex: (Bldg.) AEx: (Bldg.) A

Ex: A (building) - N (north) – D – (door)Ex: A (building) - N (north) – D – (door)

A-N-1, A-N-2, A-W-1, etc.A-N-1, A-N-2, A-W-1, etc.

TerrorismActive Active ShootersShooters

Plan for rapid response with less than idea, Plan for rapid response with less than idea, adequate preparation or redundancyadequate preparation or redundancy

Train, train, trainTrain, train, train

First responding officers MUST First responding officers MUST go togo to the the threatthreat

A Terrorist Plan to Neutralize AmericaA Terrorist Plan to Neutralize America

Let’s talk…Let’s talk…

Purpose of the Annual Assessment

Threat AssessmentThreat Assessment

Plan of ActionPlan of Action

Evidence of Evidence of ImplementationImplementationEvaluationEvaluation

Assessment

Location of DeficiencyLocation of Deficiency

Precisely where on the campus is the item, Precisely where on the campus is the item, described in sufficient detail that anyone with described in sufficient detail that anyone with

a desire or need can locate it.a desire or need can locate it.

Observed DeficiencyObserved Deficiency

Describe the problem in as much detail as neededDescribe the problem in as much detail as needed

Assessment – cont.

Potential HazardPotential Hazard

Describe the potential harm that could Describe the potential harm that could occur as a result of the Observed occur as a result of the Observed

DeficiencyDeficiency

Recommendation(Recommendation(s)s)

List the specific suggestions you have to eliminate List the specific suggestions you have to eliminate the Observed Deficiency. May have more than the Observed Deficiency. May have more than

one suggestion, or may have a one suggestion, or may have a minimum/maximum requirement necessary to minimum/maximum requirement necessary to

correct the item. correct the item.

How do we systematically look at a building for security purposes?

Put yourself in the role of the intruderPut yourself in the role of the intruder

Test accessibility and vulnerabilityTest accessibility and vulnerability

Draw on your experience and Draw on your experience and knowledge of local conditions and knowledge of local conditions and MO’sMO’sConsider the total environmentConsider the total environment

Pay attention to Pay attention to detaildetail

TTHHAANNKK YYOOUU

Sgt. Steve GarstSgt. Steve Garst

Little Elm Police DepartmentLittle Elm Police DepartmentCommunity Services DivisionCommunity Services Division100 W. Eldorado Parkway100 W. Eldorado ParkwayLittle Elm, Texas 75068Little Elm, Texas 75068

Phones:Phones:

(972) 377-1885 Office(972) 377-1885 Office

(469) 853-3846 Cell (469) 853-3846 Cell

E-mail: communityservices@littleelm.orgE-mail: communityservices@littleelm.org