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E 1417 -99 Standard Practice for LiquidPenetrant Examination

Scope

Referred documentsTerminology Linear indication: penetrant indications with

atleast three to one length to width ratioRounded indication: penetrant indications

whoselength to width ratio is less than three to one

Reprocessing: repeat, after cleaning, thepenetrant

Application and appropriate processing ofPenetrant, emulsifier (as required) and developer

asRequired

Classification :

Type : Type I and IIMethods : A, B, C and DSensitivity Levels: , 1, 2, 3 and 4 (only for type I)Forms: a, b, c and d and e and fClasses : Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3

Viewing area and intensity requirements

Type II: 100 fc (1000 lux) at the examination surfaceType I : 1000 W/cm2 at the surface of examination

Ambient white light background 2 fc (20 lux)

Drying

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Oven temperature should not exceed 71 deg. CPart temp. should not exceed the specified temp.52oC

Surface coatings: all need be removed. In serviceAnodized layer need not be

removed

Material and process limitation:

Forms a & b not with Type IIType II not prior to I- not applicable if surfaces are

removedType II not for final acceptance of aerospace componentsType I, C or D for overhaul and maintenance inspection of

Turbine blades

Specific Practice

Surface preparationSolvent cleaning includes vapour degreasing,

Ultrasonic cleaningSolvent soakAqueous based

Chemical cleaning-scale, paint, conversion coatingsetcMechanical cleaning- not removed by 1 and 2

- etching

- fine abrasive -150 grit or fineronly detergent cleaningno etching necessary

Penetrant application

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Temperature of the process -4 52 deg. CBeyond this establish

Dwell time- min.10 mtsMore than 2 hrs reapply the penetrant

Penetrant removal

A method:Manual or automated water spray, manual wipe airagitated immersion wash

Nature of water supply coarse water supply- pressure 40 psi (280 kPa)- distance 12

- spray nozzle 25 psi ( 172kPa)

- temp.10-38 deg. C

B method : after emulsification, rinsing same asabove

Application of emulsifier immersion orFlowing onlyBrushing andspraying X

Emulsification time - 3 min. Type I30 secs. Type II

C method: Solvent removal

D methodprerinse allowed leading to reduction incost

Application immersion, flowing &spraying

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Immersion slight agitationConcentrations recommendedEmulsification max 2 mts

Developing :

Form a dry and apply,10 min 4 hrForm d dry and apply 10 min 1 hrForm b - not allowed with Type II penetrants

Type I, Method AForm b & c apply and dry 10 min- 1 hr

C - agitated before useInspection :

Dark room adaptation time 1 min and moreNo indication or flase indication acceptRelevant indication evaluate as per acceptance

criteriaIndication verification- if allowed , wiping the

Indications with solventDampened cloth andRedeveloping

No indication original- false

Discontinuity removal : sanding, grinding etcAfter removal, cleaned ,

etchedreexaminedsame sensitivity

Sizing:

Quality control provisions

Material checks in use:Pentrant contamination daily appearance-

rejectedWater content Method A only 5 % and above reject

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Water content Lipophilic emulsifier- ------Developer condition- dryDeveloper contamination aqueous wettability and

Fluorescenc

Concentration - hygrometerEmulsifier concentration hydrophilic

0refractometerSystem Performance KDS

System checks

Pentrant brightness- unused and used used 90%

Pentrant removability Method A only noticeablylessEmulsifier removability- used emulsifier and unusedpenetrant against unused emulsifier and unusedpenetrant

Equipment checks black light intensityCleanliness and integrity