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Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
Community Investment Programme: Case Study of Maruleng and
Bushbuckridge Community Public Private Partnership Initiative
Golden Mahove: Business Trust
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: South Africa has historically ranked as one of the most unequal societies in the
world. The SA government embarked on a land restitution programme to redress land
ownership imbalances. Communities claimed land lost under apartheid. These communities
receive large tracts of productive land assets. Under the restitution process 95% of the 79,696
claims involving 2,5m ha have been transferred to date benefiting 1,5m people at a cost of at
least R20,3bn. However, the beneficiaries have limited capacity to manage their new assets.
Investors generally remain cautious due to weak institutional frameworks for engaging in
investments in rural areas or assets with communal ownership arrangements. The Business
Trust, in partnership with the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs
produced economic profiles of 21 areas where 10 million of the poorest people in South Africa
live most of which have such restituted assets. This led to a pilot project called Maruleng and
Bushbuckridge Economic Development Initiative (MABEDI) aimed at mobilizing private
investment to communally owned land assets and building capacity of communal property
associations. The paper provides the road map that led to investments worth R1,5bn being
attracted into these communally owned agribusiness and tourism land assets. It also
demonstrates the value of partnerships between business and government as well as between
Communal Property Associations (CPA) and private investors in creating jobs and economic
value from communally owned properties. The paper further argues that while the transactional
advisory services and CPA administration capacity building efforts have been successful, there
are more systemic issues that need to be addressed if the programme is to be widely replicated.
These issues are: speed of settlement of claims settlement and land transfer to claimaint
communities in order to maintain property value as well as create predictability for investors:
provision of commercial transactional services to CPAs and capacity building support to CPAs
for them to effectively manage their portfolios.
Golden Mahove is a Programme Manager with the Business Trust, an organisation that
combines the resources of business and government to create jobs, build capacity and combat
poverty. The Business Trust believes that by working together, much more can be achieved
than by independent actions. The Business Trust mobilises resources from companies
operating in South Africa to support programmes that accelerate the achievement of agreed
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
national objectives. Since 1999, over 140 companies have committed more than R1,2bn to the
Business Trust. Golden Mahove is a development economist with the Business Trust and has
16 years experience working in business in development matters. His specialization has been in
private sector development in agribusiness, small enterprise and large business linkages. He
manages the Community Investment Programme which focuses on how to make markets more
inclusive for the poor through productive investments.
KEY WORDS: poverty nodes, Community Public Private Partnership (CPPPs), Communal
Property Institutions (CPI), investments, land claims.
Introduction
South Africa remains one of the most unequal societies with a dual economy comprising an
advanced first world economy on the one hand with sophisticated infrastructure while on the
other, it has an impoverished lot struggling to access even the most basic services. (TIPS,
2009) This high concentration of resources on one end and poverty on the other has
exacerbated economic marginalization and deep poverty. Measured against the Gini co-
efficient, South Africa was at .72 in 2005 up from .62 in 1995 signifying a trend towards more
societal inequality. As a way of example, 3 million South Africans live on less than R5 a day
while R18 million South Africans live on less than R20 a day (Eighty20,2009). This group
constitutes the bottom of the pyramid in South Africa and these are mainly black people. May in
Lahiff 2000 further asserts that South Africa has ‘one of the most unequal distributions of
income in the world, and income and quality of life are strongly correlated with race, location
and gender”.
The main contributing factors to this sustained inequality are:
1) the centralised structure of the economy with high concentration ratios of large firms which
have well integrated value chains from urban to rural areas. This raises the entry barriers for
small firms and discourages their market entry. This is further worsened by the fact that most of
the products which small enterprises would produce and sell are already mass produced and
sold by larger firms.
2) spatial legacy of apartheid which created remote locations under the Bantustans and
apartheid cities. The Bantustans created pools of poverty in specific locations which are
dislocated from the main centers of high economic activity, and
3) highly skewed distribution of assets especially land. The former Bantustans mirror skewed
under investment in human capital, economic infrastructure and access to basic services.
Furthermore, the forced removals of blacks from their land into home lands forced men into
urban labour markets and destroyed the smallholder farming sector leading to ‘de-
agrarianisation’ amongst the black population. As at the end of the apartheid era, approximately
82 m ha of commercial farmland (86% of total agricultural land, or 68% of total surface area)
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
was in the hands of the white minority who constituted 10,9% of the population. (Levin and
Weiner in Lahiff:2008)
South African Government Response to the poverty nodes challenges
The historical developments of South Africa created pockets of poverty throughout the country.
The government mounted a number of policy and programme interventions to address
inequality and economic marginalization of the poor. Two such interventions, amongst others,
are: a) land restitution and b) targeted programmes such as the Integrated Sustainable Rural
Development Programme (ISRDP) and the Urban Renewal Programme (URP). The land
restitution is facilitated through the Restitution of Land Rights Act of 1994 which empowered
those previously dispossessed of their tribal land to claim it back. A Commission on Restitution
of Land Rights and the Land Claims Court were established to give effect to this legislation. The
focus of the commission is to verify, validate and value the land and come to a decision for
restoring the land, providing alternative land or providing a cash settlement. All in all, there were
over 79,000 claims filed by previously dispossessed communities. To date, 95% of these claims
have been settled at a cost of over R20,3bn and the 5% that remain are mainly in rural areas in
such areas as the poverty nodes (SA Development Indicators).
Land claims need to be resolved in order to:
� Return expropriated land to its rightful owners and thereby empower local communities;
� Create an economically stable environment to encourage further investment in agriculture and tourism assets; and
� Ensure the continued efficient use of commercial farms and their contribution to economic development and job creation.
Land Restitution Process
The land restitution process is laid out below from lodging of the claim to land transfer.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
Communities had until December 1998 to lodge their land claims. The commission would then
investigate the claims and when considered genuine, negotiations would start with the sitting
land owners leading to the commission buying the land back, compensating the previously
dispossessed through a cash settlement or offering them alternative land for their use.
Targeted Programme Interventions
In February 2001, the Presidency announced the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development
Programme and the Urban Renewal Programme during the State of the Nation Address. The
aim of the programmes was “to conduct a sustained campaign against rural and urban poverty
and underdevelopment, by bringing in the resources of all three spheres of government
(national provincial and municipal) in a coordinated manner”. Twenty-one (21) rural and urban
poverty nodes were identified, which represented the largest concentration of poverty in the
country, and are home to more than 10 million people. The key characteristics in each of the
nodes are high unemployment, lack of infrastructure, low levels of education (secondary,
tertiary), and little industrial activity. (COGTA, web information)
In support of the programme, the Business Trust in partnership with the Department of
Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA) agreed on a Community Investment
Programme which aims to increase the level of economic and social investment in communities
that are in need of development and provide Strategic Technical Assistance to COGTA. The
Programme provides an opportunity for the business community to work in partnership with
government to help tackle poverty in South Africa’s poorest areas and to do so in a manner that
seeks to expand markets for the benefit of the poor and demonstrate the solidarity of the
business community with the disadvantaged. The Business Trust provided Strategic Technical
Assistance to COGTA by producing economic profiles of all 21 poverty nodes.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
The economic profiling exercise revealed that most of the rural poverty nodes share similar
growth inhibiting conditions including infrastructure and service delivery backlogs, lack of
capacity and skills, poor planning in the municipalities, extreme poverty, illiteracy and high levels
of HIV/Aids.
The key features of this area are:
• Its extreme poverty
• The fact that a large part of the area is subject to land claims;
• The potential for tourism development; and
• The importance of small-holder agriculture
The economic profiles of 21 poverty nodes also provide an accurate picture of the economic
development in the nodes. The profiles give a clear indication of the productive capability;
sectoral composition; employment levels; competitive and comparative advantage opportunities;
and institutional and governance requirements for elevating the engagement with the economic
development agenda.
South Africa is characterised by nodes of
tremendous poverty & underdevelopment
development 1 Zululand
2 Alfred Nzo
3 Bohlabela
4 Central Karoo
5 Chris Hani
6 Kgalagadi
7 Maluti a Phofung
8 O.R.Tambo
9 Sekhukhune
10 Ugu
11 Ukhahlamba
12 Umkhanyakude
13 Umzinyathi
14 Motherwell
15 Alexandra
16 Sol Plaatje
17 Inanda
18 Kwa-Mashu
19 Ntuzuma
20 Khayelitsha
21 Mitchell's Plain
22 Buffalo City
4
6
5
118
2
10
7
13
112
93
21
20
16
15
1719 18
22
14
It is estimated that around 10 million South Africans
are living in these nodes
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
The economic profile contains the following indicators and information:
� Snapshot of the node: area summary, and key development challenges; � Key data points: geographical features, spatial development, demographics, income and
employment, education, health and a summarized development scorecard; � Governance and investment projects.
Investment Atlas- the economic profiles also summarise the economic potential of each
poverty node through an Investment Atlas. The “Investment Atlas” is a list of over 100 potential
private and public sector investment opportunities in the nodes, spread across tourism,
agriculture, mining, property and commercial development. The opportunities are presented at a
conceptual phase and further work needs to be done to get them to a bankable stage.
The investment atlas lists potential opportunities in the following format:
� Description of an investment opportunity; � Economic rationale; � Employment considerations; � Enabling conditions; � Sectoral location; � Level of action required: public and private sector; � Scale of the opportunity: number of potential jobs and funding requirements; � State of readiness: business plan in place, funding/financing in place, and operational
capacity available.
MABEDI Pilot Programme Initiative
Having produced the economic profiles of the 21 poverty nodes, one was chosen for a pilot
project. The rural poverty node consisting of Maruleng and Bushbuckridge districts was
identified as a node for pilot intervention following empirical analysis commissioned by the
Business Trust and undertaken by Monitor Group to review the 21 nodes in 2005, which
indicated the areas with relatively high market potential and substantial social need. The
Maruleng and Bushbuckridge area is characterised by abject poverty and social distress despite
an abundance of natural and social capital. It has the potential to generate economic growth,
job creation and poverty alleviation if constraints can be overcome and investment attracted.
Maruleng and Bushbuckridge are part of South Africa’s
apartheid legacy.
The Bushbuckridge Municipality was established in the year
2000 as a result of the amalgamation of the three former local
councils. Historically it was made up of the two apartheid
homelands of Gazankulu and Lebowa. Gazankulu was
designated for the Shangaan and Tsonga speaking people.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
Lebowa was designated for the Pedi/Northern Sotho speaking people.
Maruleng Municipality was first established in 1997 under the name Hoedspruit / Makutswi
Transitional Local Council. The Municipality was named after the Marula tree – “Maruleng”
means the place of Marula. Historically it comprised the Eastern Transvaal as well as the
apartheid homeland of Lebowa which was designated for Pedi/Northern Sotho speaking people.
Until March 2006 Bushbuckridge and Maruleng were part of the Bohlabela cross-border
municipality that spread across Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. Bushbuckridge is now
fully within the Mpumalanga Province and Maruleng is within the Mopani District Municipality of
Limpopo.
The pilot project in Maruleng (in Limpopo Province) and Bushbuckridge (in Mpumalanga
Province) aims to unlock tourism potential, expand agribusiness and launch or turn around local
businesses with the potential to create jobs on a profitable basis.
Living conditions in the poverty node
The economic profile of Bushbuckridge showed that:
• The area is exceptionally poor: over 85% of households live below the household subsistence level and just 14% of the adult population is employed
• The nodal economy is essentially comprised of four divergent sub-economies: o Government and public service: public spending (infrastructure spending,
salaries) is an important source of capital for the area o Services and retail: numerous shopping centres exist in some of the larger
towns. These host national brands like Spar, Shoprite, Jet, OK Furniture, Pep, Chicken Licken, etc. Informal trading is also widespread
o Agriculture: although very limited commercial farming is at present active in Bushbuckridge, many households rely on small scale farming for their livelihoods. Numerous estates lie dormant, which used to be large employers
o Tourism: some arts & crafts trading are found on access roads to the large eastern game farms and reserves. These attractions are also important employers for the region
• However, considerable income is earned outside Bushbuckridge: o According to a USAID study, “almost 70% of working-age males and 40% of
females work outside the area for more than ½ the year, while half the males and 14% of females between the ages of 25 and 59 are long-term migrant workers. “
• The potential for economic growth lies in two sectors: o Agriculture: reactivating dormant commercial farms / unlocking growth in small
holding farming o Tourism: developing local attractions and capturing spending of visitors to
surrounding attractions
• The services and retail sector may also grow. However, this will depend on rising disposable income, which is likely to be derived from the tourism and agriculture sectors.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
Land claims continue to have an impact on local development
• Some 877,000 ha have been restored to 88,000 households under the land restitution scheme in Limpopo and Mpumalanga and some 380,000 ha has been redistributed from white farm owners to redistribution beneficiaries.
Business Trust and COGTA Response to the Challenge A service provider was appointed to design and implement a pilot project to address the investment and capacity challenges rampant in the two poverty nodes of Maruleng and Bushbuckridge. ECIAfrica Consulting (Pty) Ltd was appointed to implement the project. The project focuses on developing an operating environment that is conducive to private sector investment by identifying and packaging investments; procuring business linkages (by linking emerging farmers into commercial markets); building the capacity of the local communal property institutions and supporting government resolution of land claims. The project strategy is to focus on the tourism and agriculture sectors and deal with cross cutting impediments that hinder investment.
More specifically, the project does the following:
• Developing small holder irrigation farmers by providing farmer support services that: o Improve productivity & o Link farmers to markets
• Forging partnerships between the beneficiaries of the land restitution process and investors through, so called “Community, Private Partnerships (CPPs)” by:
o Developing and supporting Communal Property institutions (CPI’s) to manage the property acquired through the process of land restitution.
� Mabedi provides financial, legal, administrative and community facilitation services.
o Providing transaction advisory services to the CPI’s that enable them to transact with the potential investors they need to raise the capital to develop their assets
� Mabedi provides legal and technical services, community facilitation services and deal structuring services.
While a number of Communal Property Associations have been participating in the MABEDI
project, this case study restricts itself to two of the largest land claimaint communities of
Moletele and Sandford communities.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
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Community Public Private Partnership Model
Context
Communities who succeed in their land claims such as the Moletele and Sandford Trust communities, take ownership of massive capital in the form of agricultural and tourism assets. They are however, not well equipped to manage the property acquired. A case in point is the Moletele Communal Property Association where out of a leadership committee of 15, only five can read and write. The community has claims on 73000 ha and this leadership has to engage with private investors and make decisions at board level for newly established private company joint ventures. These dynamics exact huge governance and management demands on the new land owners. Maruleng Poverty Node
Moletele is a community of 1,652 claimants with claims on over 500 farms covering some 73000
ha. In 1970 the Moletele tribe was forcefully removed from their ancestral land in the Hoedspruit
area and relocated to Buffelshoek. They officially registered a claim in 1992, which includes
516 high valued agricultural farms. The claim was gazetted in 2004 and in July 2007 the first 27
properties were restored back to the community. MABEDI has been working with the CPI to
manage the 27 transferred properties.
The Moletele community claim forms a large part of the area’s commercial farming resources –
80% of the economy relies on mango, citrus and game farming and the Maruleng district is the
largest producer of citrus and mango in South Africa.
Bushbuckridge Poverty Node
The Sandford community of 900 claimants has claims on 7000 ha. They are in a prime tourism
area and neighbouring the Kruger National Park. Sandford Trust was registered in 2002 and
began receiving land (in terms of the Restitution of Land Rights Act) in 2003. The community
had claimed the Farm Sandford, which is comprised of about 4000 hectares divided into over 80
different farm portions. To date approximately 30 farm portions have been registered to the
Trust though some uncertainty (and controversy)1 persists around the actual land registry.
The Trust has been dogged by internal disputes since its inception. The overarching perception
(though somewhat superficial) is that there were contesting claims on the Sandford property
(from different clans) and that these were, in the interests of advancing the claim, merged into
one entity – the Sandford Community Trust. The result, predictably, was that once registered
and once land transfers were being realised, splinter groups emerged and pursued their own
1 There are portions of land which the RLCC claims to have transferred to the Trust but of which the Trust
bears no knowledge (e.g. Red Ridge, the Citrus Estate). There is also a portion of land which is registered to the Trust but for which the seller (or previous land owner) claims to not have received any payment (notably the Sandford Lodge property which burnt down in 2004).
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
interests. The MABEDI project has been working with this community to resolve the leadership
crisis and align the competing interests and rally them around the investment opportunities.
How does MABEDI Assist with Transaction Advisory Services to forge CPPs?
A number of activities are undertaken leading to the realization of the Community Private
Partnerships (CPPs). These are outlined below.
1. Identification of potential opportunities (e.g. a new lodge development on state land adjacent to the Kruger National Park).
2. Conceptualisation of the market opportunity, the economic and social benefits and the possible size and sources of investment (e.g. the potential exists for an 80 bed, 5 star lodge which will generate 150 full time jobs, 300 indirect jobs, is situated next to a community of 4000 people with an 85% unemployment rate and will cost in the vicinity of R40m to complete).
3. Testing the market – an initial probing of reputable commercial operators within the sector to determine the “appetite” of the market for the conceptualised development (e.g. semi-formal discussions are held with operators to determine whether or not commercial operators would respond to a five star lodge development opportunity in Bushbuckridge, adjacent to the Kruger Park with preferential procurement, employment and equity conditions).
4. Packaging – developing a framework for a partnership agreement that defines the probable equity and financing options as well as the terms of operation (e.g. an equity partnership is proposed where the private sector is required to advance 90% of the initial capital + 100% of the operating capital whilst government will finance 10% of the initial capital requirement in the form of infrastructure development. The operating company will further be required to pay a graded lease amount to the local community and guarantee a no risk equity option). This package is comprised of lease, management and Shareholders’ agreements.
5. Investor Mobilisation – the transaction advisor may opt for an open bid (advertised), an invited bid (to key identified potential investors) or a negotiated bid (where one investor is the obvious choice or preference).
6. Negotiation – the three sets of agreements that were packaged in the earlier stages of the project (lease terms, shareholding and management arrangements) are ultimately refined through negotiation where the transaction advisor represents the community interest with due consideration to the private sector requirements. The legal specialists also draft the contract documents – this stage includes contracting.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
7. Signing – the final step is typically a small, publicised ceremony.
8. Implementation- the deal is implemented and community labour is utilized to the extent possible.
CPI Administration Support
Claimant groups are typically comprised of hundreds of primary and thousands of secondary
beneficiaries. For a number of reasons, the executive structures of these Communal Property
Institutions are unable to administer the affairs of the community – either credibly or effectively.
As the administrative burden increases (with the addition of commercial joint ventures for
example) the community is at risk of imploding amidst a range of pressures – from basic non-
compliance with legislative requirements to more complex and possibly catastrophic
maladministration cases (including beneficiary lists, asset registers and the distribution of
benefits). MABEDI minimises these risks by providing technical and administrative support to
CPIs.
MABEDI provides technical and administrative support to the Communal Property Institutions
(CPI) in order to empower the communities to manage this asset base and relate to investors on
business terms. The following framework is applied:
1. Land Administration 2. Financial Administration 3. Beneficiary Administration
The CPI Administration Support ensures that CPIs have good governance and management of
the CPI affairs and their associated joint ventures facilitated under MABEDI. This support
provides the Moletele CPA and Sandford Trust with administration support, to manage records,
deal with day to day issues, ensure meetings are held and documented; appoint an executive
manager at a high level who can manage deals and investments and establish the necessary
financial infrastructure.
This support framework was developed using a participatory methodology involving all
beneficiaries of the CPI with the details and fine print being completed subsequently by an
experienced development consultant. The final policy document is endorsed by a quorum of the
beneficiaries, making it the corner stone of good governance and accountability in all “for profit”
and “non-profit” developments of the CPI.
The comprehensive framework covers the following issues:
1. Land Administration a. Commercial Joint Ventures
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
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b. Private Rentals (which land, at what price, for how long etc) c. Communal Areas (including housing, grazing and cultivation) d. Alienation of land (different land use patterns etc)
2. Financial Administration a. CAPEX and OPEX (including CPI administration and the executive) b. Maintenance Costs (of assets) c. Re-investments (in commercial ventures or capital markets) d. Distribution (to households)
3. Beneficiary Administration a. Registers – death, inheritance and the different categories of beneficiaries b. Succession – Household level c. Succession – Executive level d. Notices, Communication and Human Resources (recruitment)
4. Dispute Resolution a. Between members b. Between leaders c. Between partners d. Between stakeholders and the CPA
Besides serving as a governance guideline and a development facilitation tool, the policy
framework is the absolute basis for CPI administration and management – whether this is an
internal or external function.
Moletele CPI Case: The support to the CPI entailed a layered approach that builds up as the CPI gains more confidence in its roles and functions. This allows the community to gradually build its internal capacity. To date the support to the CPA has comprised:
� CPI office establishment in Buffelshoek, � appointing and training a clerk from the CPI members, � inducting and instructing a private service provider to develop the portfolio information
system which acts as the baseline for the CPI administration, � upgrading and relocating the office to Scotia ( better infrastructure) and setting up the
necessary operating and management systems including a fully operational computer centre for basic and adult education for community members, and
� appointing a book-keeper
The next steps involve appointing the legal and audit services to create transparency in the system. In this final project year, the CPI will pick up 50% of the costs and within six months to completion of the project, they will pick 100% of the administration costs. This is premised on the fact that cash inflows have started to flow into the CPA coffers from the different joint venture deals the CPI is a co-investor with private investors. The CPI has already registered for VAT (i.e. they have now reached the R1m income per annum threshold required to be registered for VAT purposes).
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
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The Sandford CPI, will take on a different support structure. In their case, they have opted to appoint a team of professionals to help them to set up the systems and manage them in the interim until such time as they have resolved their leadership crisis. The appointees will form a board of Trustees. This full scale operation will involve appointment of professional functional services of 1) a chairperson, 2) administrator, 3) financial expert, 4) legal counsel, 5) tourism expert to manage the affairs of the Trust for a limited period of time.2
Results achieved to date
Through the provision of transactional advisory services and CPI Administration Support to the
CPIs, the MABEDI project has been able to achieve the following:
• facilitate attraction of investment of R1,55bn to the two poverty nodes;
• Facilitated the creation of 10 joint ventures with a combined investment value of R1,55bn
• Created 4,262 permanent jobs with more jobs to be created as the deals are
implemented and those in the pipeline materialise.
These achievements demonstrate the view that ‘ growth
induced by land reform is only possible if it is followed
by improved efficiency under conditions of capital
scarcity and labour surplus” Chimhowu, 2006.
2 It is envisaged that through professional management, Sandford will accumulate over R10m by the end
of 2010 which will in and of itself make it theoretically possible for the Trust to continue procuring these services beyond the period of the MABEDI intervention
ACHIEVEMENTS
R1,55bn investment
attracted
10 Joint Venture
investments made
4,262 permanent
jobs created
9 joint venture deals
in the pipeline
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
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Moletele and Sandford Community Public Private Partnerships
New Forest
DingleydaleHoxana
Molatele
Private land
532 claims
73000 Ha
1800 claimants
7 Jvs
Sabi
Sandford
Private land
80 claims
7000 Ha
900 claimants
6 JVs
4 Irrigation
schemes
250 farmers
7 products
245 linkages
The case of Dinaledi Estates Agribusiness Venture
An example of one of the Joint ventures is the Dinaledi Estate agribusiness venture. This is a
partnership between the Moletele Community and the Booys Group which exports oranges to
Canada, EU, Russia, Middle East, Japan and Mauritius and provides 270 permanent jobs
seasonal employment for some 450 workers.
Structure of the deal: the private investor and CPI created a new venture with 50%
shareholding from each party. The share capital is R43m. A board of directors oversees the
governance matters of the company with representation from both the CPI and private investor
as well as a government ex-officio board member. The company pays monthly rentals to the
CPI for operating on the CPI’s land. Profits are shared equally at the end of the financial year.
The present joint venture arrangement runs for 10 years and is subject to renewal at the end of
that phase or the CPI can buy out the private investor if they so wish.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
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Critical Success Factors in MABEDI
The following factors are considered critical for the success of the project thus far.
Collaborative efforts between government and private sector: Effective cooperation
between government departments and the MABEDI project to ensure alignment of projects from
gazetting of land, transfer of land and post transfer investment appraisal efforts
Provision of Transactional Advisory Services to CPIs: Provision of transactional advisory
services to the CPIs to enable them to identify the investment opportunities on their properties,
package them and court investors.
Provision of CPI administration support services: to enable the CPIs to structure the right
institutional frameworks for joint venture investments, negotiate contracts and effectively
manage their assets and their day to day affairs.
Government resource commitment: The role of government in promoting investments by
reducing investment risks to investors as well empowering communities as co-investors has
been critical. An example of this is the government provision of post settlement grants provided
communities with immediate capital to invest as equity in the new joint venture deals.
Private Sector resource commitment: Equally important has been the big business
commitment to work in partnership with government to address poverty challenges by putting
resources to deepen markets and encourage investments in poverty nodes.
A dedicated project management team: the availability of a dedicated professional team
working with the different CPIs, investors and government departments has been the glue
keeping all project elements together.
Pre-conditions for replication of model to other poverty nodes
The MABEDI project is a pilot and its greatest contribution lies not in the R1,55bn deals
brokered, 4,262 jobs created and CPI support models developed and implemented. Its real
value is in sharing what made the different elements come together and how such lessons can
be replicated elsewhere. The following lessons inform the pre-conditions for replicating MABEDI
to other poverty nodes and the several post settlement land cases in South Africa and
elsewhere. The following pre-conditions are suggested:
• Understanding investment context and responding appropriately- aligning
opportunities to investment interests through speedy settlement of community land
claims in order to create a conducive and predictable investment climate. This is amply
informed by careful profiling of the poverty nodes, identification of investment
opportunities and quickly stepping in to capitalize on those opportunities.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
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• Provision of Transactional advisory services- this is a critical service needed in all
post settlement projects but ideally provided well before the land is transferred. It needs
to be provided on a commercial basis though. However, while CPIs have potentially
profitable assets, they do not readily have cash to procure such critical services. A
revolving fund needs to be created to pre-finance the costs of these transactional
advisory services. CPIs can eventually pay back when their joint venture deals
materialize and their cash flows are stable. This fund could be boosted by the speedy
provision of any grants required by the settled communities which they can use to
implement new deals or enter into new deals.
• CPA administration support- communities are taking ownership of large capital outlays
without the requisite governance and management structures and capabilities. There is
need to provide market based professional services in asset management.
Institutionalizing community support as part of the post land claims support to manage
community expectations/aspirations becomes an integral part of the process. In addition
to the provision of post settlement grants, there is also room for private property
management firms to develop this market as it has upside potential given that large
tracts of land have been transferred and a lot more are yet to be transferred.
• Knowledge dissemination- developing a set of toolkits for practitioners for application across a wide range of staff dealing with land restitution and land reform contexts for their adoption and adaptation to their set of circumstances is required. These can take the form of the CPP Toolkit, a set of CPI Development Tools and the Concession Based Beneficiation model in tourism. The tools will take the form of technical guidelines and toolkits for practitioners.
Conclusion
The inequalities in South Africa need to be resolved. The transfer of land capital to the
previously dispossessed is one such mechanism for redressing this imbalance. When joint
action is undertaken, resources can be pooled and credible results with far reaching impact on
reducing poverty can be realized. The MABEDI project provides one such model where
government, big business and communities come together to create sustainable market based
solutions. The challenge is scaling up this work and promoting systemic changes at the right
institutional and process levels.
The Business Trust wishes to thank corporate South Africa and the Government of South Africa.
The corporates have been instrumental in funding the work of the Business Trust as well as
providing intellectual support. The government has been a willing partner and contributor to the
project work on the ground through the different departments. This project is one amongst many
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
implemented by the Business Trust which demonstrates that when collaborative partnerships
are engaged in between business and government, anything is possible.
Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies- New
Delhi, India April 14-16, 2010 Business Trust Case Study
www.businestrust.org.za
REFERENCES
1. Chimhowu, A, 2006. Tinkering on the Fringes? Redistributive Land Reforms and Chronic
Poverty in Southern Africa. University of Manchester.
2. DPLG and Business Trust, 2006. The Poverty Nodes Profiles
3. Eighty20, 2009. The Bottom of the Pyramid in South Africa- 2009
4. South African Presidency, 2009. South Africa Development Indicators
5. TIPS, 2009: Second Economy Strategy: Addressing Inequality and Economic
Marginalisation. A summary Overview.