Dyntemp.book Page i Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMTable of Contents

(]REQMG8LISV]1.1 General Concepts..................................................................... 1-51.2 Holdup Model ......................................................................... 1-111.3 Pressure Flow Solver ............................................................. 1-221.4 Dynamic Operations: General Guidelines .............................. 1-33

(]REQMG8SSPW 2.1 Dynamics Assistant .................................................................. 2-42.2 Equation Summary View ........................................................ 2-212.3 Integrator ................................................................................ 2-302.4 Event Scheduler ..................................................................... 2-33

7XVIEQW 3.1 Material Stream View ............................................................... 3-33.2 Energy Stream View................................................................. 3-5

,IEX8VERWJIV)UYMTQIRX4.1 Air Cooler.................................................................................. 4-34.2 Cooler/Heater ......................................................................... 4-14i

4.3 Heat Exchanger...................................................................... 4-264.4 LNG ........................................................................................ 4-624.5 References ............................................................................. 4-84

4MTMRK)UYMTQIRX 5.1 Mixer......................................................................................... 5-35.2 Valve......................................................................................... 5-95.3 Tee ......................................................................................... 5-265.4 Relief Valve ............................................................................ 5-32

ii

Dyntemp.book Page ii Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 6SXEXMRK)UYMTQIRX6.1 Compressor/Expander.............................................................. 6-36.2 Pump ...................................................................................... 6-27

7ITEVEXMSR3TIVEXMSRW 7.1 Vessels ..................................................................................... 7-3

SPYQR3TIVEXMSR8.1 Theory ...................................................................................... 8-38.2 Pressure Flow........................................................................... 8-58.3 Column Runner ........................................................................ 8-98.4 Tray Section ........................................................................... 8-138.5 Stage Property View............................................................... 8-188.6 A Column Tutorial................................................................... 8-21

6IEGXSVW 9.1 CSTR and General Reactors.................................................... 9-39.2 Plug Flow Reactor Dynamics ................................................. 9-25

0SKMGEP3TIVEXMSRW 10.1 Digital Point ............................................................................ 10-310.2 PID Controller ......................................................................... 10-610.3 Selector Block....................................................................... 10-2210.4 Set ........................................................................................ 10-2610.5 Spreadsheet ......................................................................... 10-2810.6 Transfer Function ................................................................. 10-41

SRXVSP8LISV]11.1 Process Dynamics.................................................................. 11-311.2 Controller Setup...................................................................... 11-911.3 General Guidelines............................................................... 11-2911.4 References ........................................................................... 11-45

-RHI\ -

Dyntemp.book Page iii Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMiii

iv

Dyntemp.book Page iv Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM

Dyntemp.book Page v Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMv

vi

Dyntemp.book Page vi Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM

Dynamic Theory 1-1

1 Dynamic Theory

1.1 General Concepts......................................................................................... 5

1.2 Holdup Model.............................................................................................. 11

1.2.1 Assumptions of Holdup Model ............................................................... 121.2.2 Accumulation ......................................................................................... 131.2.3 Non-Equilibrium Flash............................................................................ 141.2.4 Heat Loss Model .................................................................................... 171.2.5 Chemical Reactions ............................................................................... 211.2.6 Related Calculations .............................................................................. 21

1.3 Pressure Flow Solver................................................................................. 22

1.3.1 Simultaneous Solution in Pressure Flow Balances................................ 221.3.2 Basic Pressure Flow Equations ............................................................. 231.3.3 Pressure Flow Specifications ................................................................. 26

1.4 Dynamic Operations: General Guidelines ............................................... 33

1.4.1 Specification Differences between Dynamic and Steady State ............. 341.4.2 Moving from Steady State to Dynamics ................................................. 35

Dyntemp.book Page 1 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM1-1

1-2

1-2

Dyntemp.book Page 2 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM

Dynamic Theory 1-3

Dyntemp.book Page 3 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM(]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRGERLIPT]SYXSFIXXIVHIWMKRSTXMQM^IERHSTIVEXI]SYVGLIQMGEPTVSGIWWSVVIJMRMRKTPERXLIQMGEPTPERXWEVIRIZIVXVYP]EXWXIEH]WXEXI*IIHERHIRZMVSRQIRXEPHMWXYVFERGIWLIEXI\GLERKIVJSYPMRKERHGEXEP]XMGHIKVEHEXMSRGSRXMRYSYWP]YTWIXXLIGSRHMXMSRWSJEWQSSXLVYRRMRKTVSGIWW8LIXVERWMIRXFILEZMSYVSJXLITVSGIWWW]WXIQMWFIWXWXYHMIHYWMRKEH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRXSSPPMOI,=7=7

8LIHIWMKRERHSTXMQM^EXMSRSJEGLIQMGEPTVSGIWWMRZSPZIWXLIWXYH]SJFSXLWXIEH]WXEXIERHH]REQMGFILEZMSYV7XIEH]WXEXIQSHIPWGERTIVJSVQWXIEH]WXEXIIRIVK]ERHQEXIVMEPFEPERGIWERHIZEPYEXIHMJJIVIRXTPERXWGIREVMSW8LIHIWMKRIRKMRIIVGERYWIWXIEH]WXEXIWMQYPEXMSRXSSTXMQM^IXLITVSGIWWF]VIHYGMRKGETMXEPERHIUYMTQIRXGSWXW[LMPIQE\MQM^MRKTVSHYGXMSR

;MXLH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR]SYGERGSRJMVQXLEXXLITPERXGERTVSHYGIXLIHIWMVIHTVSHYGXMREQERRIVXLEXMWWEJIERHIEW]XSSTIVEXI&]HIJMRMRKHIXEMPIHIUYMTQIRXWTIGMJMGEXMSRWMRXLIH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR]SYGERZIVMJ]XLEXXLIIUYMTQIRX[MPPJYRGXMSREWI\TIGXIHMREREGXYEPTPERXWMXYEXMSR3JJPMRIH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRGERSTXMQM^IGSRXVSPPIVHIWMKR[MXLSYXEHZIVWIP]EJJIGXMRKXLITVSJMXEFMPMX]SVWEJIX]SJXLITPERX=SYGERHIWMKRERHXIWXEZEVMIX]SJGSRXVSPWXVEXIKMIWFIJSVIGLSSWMRKSRIXLEXQE]FIWYMXEFPIJSVMQTPIQIRXEXMSR=SYGERI\EQMRIXLIH]REQMGVIWTSRWIXSW]WXIQHMWXYVFERGIWERHSTXMQM^IXLIXYRMRKSJGSRXVSPPIVW(]REQMGEREP]WMWTVSZMHIWJIIHFEGOERHMQTVSZIWXLIWXIEH]WXEXIQSHIPF]MHIRXMJ]MRKWTIGMJMGEVIEWMRETPERXXLEXQE]LEZIHMJJMGYPX]EGLMIZMRKXLIWXIEH]WXEXISFNIGXMZIW

-R,=7=7XLIH]REQMGEREP]WMWSJETVSGIWWW]WXIQGERTVSZMHIMRWMKLXMRXSYRHIVWXERHMRKMXXLEXMWRSXTSWWMFPI[MXLWXIEH]WXEXIQSHIPPMRK;MXLH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR]SYGERMRZIWXMKEXI

Process optimization Controller optimization Safety evaluation Transitions between operating conditions Startup/Shutdown conditions

8LI,=7=7H]REQMGQSHIPWLEVIWXLIWEQITL]WMGEPTVSTIVX]TEGOEKIWEWXLIWXIEH]WXEXIQSHIP8LIH]REQMGQSHIPWMQYPEXIWXLIXLIVQEPIUYMPMFVMYQERHVIEGXMZIFILEZMSYVSJXLIGLIQMGEPW]WXIQMREWMQMPEV[E]XSXLIWXIEH]WXEXIQSHIP

3RXLISXLIVLERHXLIH]REQMGQSHIPYWIWEHMJJIVIRXWIXSJGSRWIVZEXMSRIUYEXMSRW[LMGLEGGSYRXJSVGLERKIWSGGYVVMRKSZIV1-3

1-4

1-4

Dyntemp.book Page 4 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMXMQI8LIIUYEXMSRWJSVQEXIVMEPIRIVK]ERHGSQTSWMXMSRFEPERGIWMRGPYHIEREHHMXMSREPlEGGYQYPEXMSRzXIVQ[LMGLMWHMJJIVIRXMEXIH[MXLVIWTIGXXSXMQI2SRPMRIEVHMJJIVIRXMEPIUYEXMSRWGERFIJSVQYPEXIHXSETTVS\MQEXIXLIGSRWIVZEXMSRTVMRGMTPIWLS[IZIVEREREP]XMGEPWSPYXMSRQIXLSHHSIWRSXI\MWX

8LIVIJSVIRYQIVMGEPMRXIKVEXMSRMWYWIHXSHIXIVQMRIXLITVSGIWWFILEZMSYVEXHMWXMRGXXMQIWXITW8LIWQEPPIVXLIXMQIWXITXLIQSVIGPSWIP]XLIGEPGYPEXIHWSPYXMSR[MPPQEXGLXLIEREP]XMGWSPYXMSR,S[IZIVXLMWKEMRMRVMKSYVMWSJJWIXF]XLIEHHMXMSREPGEPGYPEXMSRXMQIVIUYMVIHXSWMQYPEXIXLIWEQIEQSYRXSJIPETWIHVIEPXMQI%VIEWSREFPIGSQTVSQMWIQE]FIEGLMIZIHF]YWMRKXLIPEVKIWXTSWWMFPIWXITWM^I[LMPIQEMRXEMRMRKEREGGITXEFPIHIKVIISJEGGYVEG][MXLSYXFIGSQMRKYRWXEFPI

8LI,=7=7H]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRTEGOEKILEWXLIGETEGMX]XSVIEGLE[MHIVEYHMIRGIF]SJJIVMRKXLIJSPPS[MRKJIEXYVIWHIQERHIHF]MRHYWXV]

Accuracy. The HYSYS dynamic model provides accurate results based on rigorous equilibrium, reaction, unit operations and controller models. You must be able to trust the results if the dynamic tool is to be useful at all.

Ease of Use. The HYSYS dynamic package uses the same intuitive and interactive graphical environment as the HYSYS steady state model. Streams and unit operations in the flowsheet can be added to the dynamic simulation environment as easily as in steady state. All flowsheet information from a steady state simulation case transfers easily to the dynamic simulation environment.

Speed. The dynamic modelling options in HYSYS have been developed to provide a balance between accuracy and speed. HYSYS uses a fixed step size implicit Euler method. Volume, energy, and composition balances are solved at different frequencies. Volume (Pressure-Flow) balances are defaulted to solve at every time step, whereas energy and composition balances are defaulted to solve at every 2nd and 10th time step, respectively. This solution method allows HYSYS to perform quick, accurate and stable calculations in your simulation case.

Detailed Design. You can provide specific rating details for each piece of equipment in the plant and confirm that the specified equipment can achieve desired product specs and quality. Rating information includes the equipment size, geometry, nozzle placement, and position relative to the ground. A comprehensive holdup model calculates levels, heat loss, static head contributions and product compositions based on the rating information of each piece of equipment.

Dynamic Theory 1-5

Dyntemp.book Page 5 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM Realism. A new level of realism with regards to material flow within the simulation is achieved with the Pressure Flow solver. With the Pressure Flow option, the flow rate through any unit operation depends on the pressures of the surrounding pieces of equipment. Material flow through an actual plant can be more accurately modelled using the Pressure Flow solver.

Customizable. The HYSYS dynamic model is customizable. Many organizations have proprietary information that they wish to integrate into their commercial simulator platform. HYSYS allows you to add your own OLE modules to the HYSYS dynamic simulation environment.

+IRIVEPSRGITXW

1EXLIQEXMGEP1SHIPPEWWMJMGEXMSR

(MWXVMFYXIHERH0YQTIH1SHIPW

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-JXLI\]ERH^KVEHMIRXWEVIMKRSVIHXLIW]WXIQMWPYQTIHERHEPPTL]WMGEPTVSTIVXMIWEVIGSRWMHIVIHXSFIIUYEPMRWTEGI3RP]XLIXMQIKVEHMIRXWEVIGSRWMHIVIHMRWYGLEREREP]WMW8LMWGSRWMHIVEXMSREPPS[WJSVXLITVSGIWWXSFIHIWGVMFIHYWMRKSVHMREV]HMJJIVIRXMEPIUYEXMSRW3()kW[LMGLMWEPSXPIWWVMKSVSYWXLER4()WXLIVIF]WEZMRKGEPGYPEXMSRXMQI*SVQSWXMRWXERGIWXLIPYQTIHQIXLSH[MPPKMZIEWSPYXMSR[LMGLMWEVIEWSREFPIETTVS\MQEXMSRSJXLIHMWXVMFYXIHQSHIPWSPYXMSR

,=7=7YWIWPYQTIHQSHIPWJSVEPPSJXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRW*SVMRWXERGIMRXLIHIZIPSTQIRXSJXLIIUYEXMSRWHIWGVMFMRKXLIWITEVEXSVSTIVEXMSRMXMWEWWYQIHXLEXXLIVIEVIRSXLIVQEPSVGSRGIRXVEXMSRKVEHMIRXWTVIWIRXMREWMRKPITLEWI-RSXLIV[SVHWXLIXIQTIVEXYVIERHGSQTSWMXMSRSJIEGLTLEWIEVIXLIWEQIXLVSYKLSYXXLIIRXMVIWITEVEXSV

2SXIXLEXF]HIJMRMXMSRXLI4*6LEWXLIVQEPERHGSRGIRXVEXMSRKVEHMIRXW[MXLVIWTIGXXSXLIPIRKXLSJXLIZIWWIP-RXLIWSPYXMSREPKSVMXLQXLI4*6VIEGXSVMWWYFHMZMHIHMRXSWIZIVEPWYFZSPYQIW[LMGLEVIGSRWMHIVIHXSFIPYQTIHXLEXMWXLIVIEGXMSRVEXI1-5

1-6 General Concepts

1-6

Dyntemp.book Page 6 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMXIQTIVEXYVIERHGSQTSWMXMSRWEVIGSRWXERXXLVSYKLIEGLWYFZSPYQIZEV]MRKSRP][MXLXMQI-RIWWIRGIXLIVIJSVIXLI4*6QSHIPXLSYKLMRLIVIRXP]HMWXVMFYXIH[MXLVIWTIGXXSXLIPIRKXLSJXLIZIWWIPWXMPPYWIWEPYQTIHEREP]WMWXSSFXEMRXLIWSPYXMSR

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8LIKVIEXQENSVMX]SJGLIQMGEPIRKMRIIVMRKTVSGIWWIWSGGYVVMRKMRREXYVIEVIRSRPMRIEV2SRPMRIEVMX]QE]EVMWIJVSQIUYEXMSRWHIWGVMFMRKIUYMPMFVMYQFILEZMSYVJPYMHJPS[FILEZMSYVSVVIEGXMSRVEXIWSJGLIQMGEPW]WXIQW;LMPIEPMRIEVW]WXIQSJIUYEXMSRWQE]FIWSPZIHEREP]XMGEPP]YWMRKQEXVM\EPKIFVEXLIWSPYXMSRXSERSRPMRIEVWIXSJIUYEXMSRWYWYEPP]VIUYMVIWXLIEMHSJEGSQTYXIV

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1EXIVMEP&EPERGI

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Ydtd------ Y+ Kf u( )=

Ydtd------ Y

3+ Kf u( )=

Ydtd------ YY2+ Kf u( )=

Dynamic Theory 1-7

Dyntemp.book Page 7 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LIGSRWIVZEXMSRSJQEWWMWQEMRXEMRIHMRXLIJSPPS[MRKKIRIVEPVIPEXMSR

*SVXLIWMQTPIGEWISJETIVJIGXP]QM\IHXERO[MXLEWMRKPIGSQTSRIRXJIIHXLIQEWWFEPERGI[SYPHFIEWJSPPS[W

where: FM

= the flowrate of the feed entering the tank

M

= the density of the feed entering the tank

FS

= the flowrate of the product exiting the tank

S

= the density of the product exiting the tank

V = the volume of the fluid in the tank

Rate of accumulation of mass = mass flow into system - mass flow out of system

Figure 1.1

oV( )d

td----------------- Fii Foo=1-7

1-8 General Concepts

1-8

Dyntemp.book Page 8 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMSQTSRIRX&EPERGI

SQTSRIRXFEPERGIWGERFI[VMXXIREWJSPPS[W

*PS[MRXSSVSYXSJXLIW]WXIQGERFIGSRZIGXMZIFYPOJPS[ERHSVQSPIGYPEVHMJJYWMSR;LMPIGSRZIGXMZIJPS[GSRXVMFYXIWXSXLIQENSVMX]SJXLIJPS[MRXSERHSYXSJEW]WXIQHMJJYWMZIJPS[QE]FIGSQIWMKRMJMGERXMJXLIVIMWELMKLMRXIVJEGMEPEVIEXSZSPYQIVEXMSJSVETEVXMGYPEVTLEWI

*SVEQYPXMGSQTSRIRXJIIHJSVETIVJIGXP]QM\IHXEROXLIFEPERGIJSVGSQTSRIRXj[SYPHFIEWJSPPS[W

where: Cji = the concentration of j in the inlet stream

Cjo = the concentration of j in the outlet stream

*SVEW]WXIQ[MXL2GSQTSRIRXWXLIVIEVI2GSQTSRIRXFEPERGIW8LIXSXEPQEWWFEPERGIERHGSQTSRIRXFEPERGIWEVIRSXMRHITIRHIRXMRKIRIVEP]SY[SYPH[VMXIXLIQEWWFEPERGIERH2GSQTSRIRXFEPERGIW

Rate of accumulation of component j =

Flow of component j into system

- Flow of component j out of system

+ Rate of formation of component j by reaction

CjoV( )d

td-------------------- FiCji FoCjo=

Dynamic Theory 1-9

Dyntemp.book Page 9 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM)RIVK]&EPERGI

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*SVE786[MXLLIEXVIQSZEPXLIJSPPS[MRKKIRIVEPIUYEXMSRETTPMIW

where: u = Internal energy (energy per unit mass)

k = Kinetic energy (energy per unit mass)

= Potential energy (energy per unit mass)V = the volume of the fluid

w = Shaft work done by system (energy per time)

PS

= Vessel pressure

PM

= Pressure of feed stream

Q = Heat added across boundary

QV

= Heat generated by reaction: DHV\R

r%

7IZIVEPWMQTPMJ]MRKEWWYQTXMSRWGERYWYEPP]FIQEHI

The potential energy can almost always be ignored; the inlet and outlet elevations are roughly equal.

The inlet and outlet velocities are not high, therefore kinetic energy terms are negligible.

If there is no shaft work (no pump), w=0.

Rate of accumulation of total energy =

Flow of total energy into system

- Flow of total energy out of system

+ Heat added to system across its boundary

+ Heat generated by reaction

- Work done by system on surroundings

td

du k + +( )V[ ] Fii ui ki i+ +( ) Foo uo ko o+ +( ) Q Qr w FoPo FiPi+( )+ +=1-9

1-10 General Concepts

1-10

Dyntemp.book Page 10 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LIKIRIVEPIRIVK]FEPERGIJSVETLEWIW]WXIQMWEWJSPPS[W

7SPYXMSR1IXLSH

-QTPMGMX)YPIV1IXLSH

=R

QE]FIGEPGYPEXIHEREP]XMGEPP]GEPGYPEXIHXSIUYEP

where:

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Figure 1.2WLS[WXLIMRXIKVEXMSRSJfYSZIVXMQIWXIThYWMRKI\EGXMRXIKVEXMSRERHXLIMQTPMGMX)YPIVETTVS\MQEXMSR

td

d vVvH lVlh+[ ] Fiihi F llh FvvH Q Qr+ +=

Yn 1+ Yn f Y( ) tdtn

tn 1+

+=

dYdt------ f Y( )=

Yn 1+ Yn hfn 1+ Yn 1+( )+=

Figure 1.2

tn tn+1

f(Y)

tn tn+1

f(Y)

fn 1+

Area fn 1+( )h=

Exact Integration Rectangular Integration (Implicit Euler)

Dynamic Theory 1-11

Dyntemp.book Page 11 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LIMQTPMGMX)YPIVQIXLSHLERHPIWWXMJJW]WXIQW[IPP8LMWMWERMQTPMGMXQIXLSHFIGEYWIMRJSVQEXMSRMWVIUYMVIHEXXMQItn-RXIKVEXMSRTEVEQIXIVWWYGLEWXLIMRXIKVEXMSRXMQIWXITGERFIWTIGMJMIHMRXLIIntegratorZMI[JVSQXLISimulationQIRYMR,=7=78LIMRXIKVEXMSRXMQIWXITGERFIEHNYWXIHXSMRGVIEWIXLIWTIIHSVWXEFMPMX]SJXLIW]WXIQ

-RXIKVEXMSR7XVEXIK]

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Volume (Pressure-flow) Energy Composition

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1-12 Holdup Model

1-12

Dyntemp.book Page 12 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMFIHMWGVIXM^IHMRXS^SRIW[MXLIEGL^SRIFIMRKEWIXSJLSPHYTW

EPGYPEXMSRWMRGPYHIHMRXLILSPHYTQSHIPEVI

Material and Energy Accumulation Thermodynamic Equilibrium Heat Transfer Chemical Reaction

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*PEWLIJJMGMIRGMIWGERFIWTIGMJMIH[LMGLEPPS[WJSVXLIQSHIPPMRKSJRSRIUYMPMFVMYQFILEZMSYVFIX[IIRXLIJIIHTLEWIWSJXLILSPHYT

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1EWWERHLIEXXVERWJIVSGGYVWFIX[IIRTLEWIWMRXLILSPHYT

Dynamic Theory 1-13

Dyntemp.book Page 13 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM %GGYQYPEXMSR8LIPEKKIHVIWTSRWIXLEXMWSFWIVZIHMRER]YRMXSTIVEXMSRMWXLIVIWYPXSJXLIEGGYQYPEXMSRSJQEXIVMEPIRIVK]SVGSQTSWMXMSRMRXLILSPHYT-RSVHIVXSTVIHMGXLS[XLILSPHYTGSRHMXMSRWGLERKISZIVXMQIEVIG]GPIWXVIEQMWEHHIHEPSRKWMHIXLIJIIHWXVIEQW*SVMRWXERGIXLIQEXIVMEPEGGYQYPEXMSRMRELSPHYTGERFIGEPGYPEXIHJVSQ

8LIVIG]GPIWXVIEQMWRSXETL]WMGEPWXVIEQMRXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSR6EXLIVMXMWYWIHXSMRXVSHYGIEPEKKIHVIWTSRWIMRXLISYXTYX)WWIRXMEPP]XLIVIG]GPIWXVIEQVITVIWIRXWXLIQEXIVMEPEPVIEH]I\MWXMRKMRXLITMIGISJIUYMTQIRX-XFIGSQIWETTEVIRXXLEXEKVIEXIVEQSYRXQEXIVMEPMRXLILSPHYTQIERWEPEVKIVVIG]GPIWXVIEQERHXLYWEKVIEXIVPEKKIHVIWTSRWIMRXLISYXTYX

8LILSPHYTQSHIPMWYWIHXSGEPGYPEXIQEXIVMEPIRIVK]ERHGSQTSWMXMSREGGYQYPEXMSR1EXIVMEPEGGYQYPEXMSRMWHIJEYPXIHXSGEPGYPEXIEXIZIV]MRXIKVEXMSRXMQIWXIT8LIIRIVK]SJXLILSPHYTMWHIJEYPXIHXSGEPGYPEXIEXIZIV]RHXMQIWXIT8LIGSQTSWMXMSRSJXLILSPHYTMWHIJEYPXIHXSGEPGYPEXIEXIZIV]XLXMQIWXIT

Material accumulationRI[

= material flow into system +

material accumulationSPH

(recycle stream) -

material flow out of system

Figure 1.31-13

1-14 Holdup Model

1-14

Dyntemp.book Page 14 Tuesday, May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

)JJMGMIRGMIW

-R,=7=7]SYGERMRHMVIGXP]WTIGMJ]XLIEQSYRXSJQM\MRKXLEXSGGYVWFIX[IIRXLIJIIHTLEWIWERHXLII\MWXMRKLSPHYTYWMRKJIIHVIG]GPIERHTVSHYGXIJJMGMIRGMIW8LIWIJIIHIJJMGMIRG]TEVEQIXIVWQE]FIWTIGMJMIHMRXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWHoldupTEKIYRHIVXLIDynamicsXEFMR,=7=74PERX

)WWIRXMEPP]XLIIJJMGMIRG]VITVIWIRXWLS[GPSWIXLIJIIHGSQIWXSIUYMPMFVMYQ[MXLXLISXLIVJIIHW-JEPPJIIHTLEWIWIRXIVXLILSPHYTEXIJJMGMIRGMIWXLILSPHYTGSQTSWMXMSRXIQTIVEXYVIERHTLEWIJVEGXMSR[MPPIZIRXYEPP]QEXGLXLIJPEWLIHJIIHWWXVIEQGSRHMXMSRW

Figure 1.4

Dynamic Theory 1-15

Dyntemp.book Page 15 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM%JPEWLIJJMGMIRG]GERFIWTIGMJMIHJSVIEGLTLEWISJER]WXVIEQIRXIVMRKXLILSPHYT%GSRGITXYEPHMEKVEQSJXLIRSRIUYMPMFVMYQJPEWLMWWLS[RJSVEX[STLEWIW]WXIQMRFigure 1.5

%WWLS[RXLIJPEWLIJJMGMIRG], MWXLIJVEGXMSRSJJIIHWXVIEQXLEXTEVXMGMTEXIWMRXLIVMKSVSYWJPEWL-JXLIIJJMGMIRG]MWWTIGMJMIHEWXLIIRXMVIWXVIEQTEVXMGMTEXIWMRXLIJPEWLMJXLIIJJMGMIRG]MWXLIIRXMVIWXVIEQF]TEWWIWXLIJPEWLERHMWQM\IH[MXLXLITVSHYGXWXVIEQ

8LIVIG]GPIWXVIEQERHER]WXVIEQWIRXIVMRKXLILSPHYTTEVXMGMTEXIWMRXLIJPEWL=SYGERWTIGMJ]XLIJPEWLIJJMGMIRG]JSVIEGLTLEWISJXLIVIG]GPIWXVIEQERHER]JIIHIRXIVMRKXLILSPHYT8LIJPEWLIJJMGMIRG]QE]EPWSFIWTIGMJMIHJSVIEGLTLEWISJER]TVSHYGXWXVIEQWPIEZMRKXLILSPHYT

8LIHIJEYPXIJJMGMIRGMIWJSVXLIJIIHTVSHYGXERHVIG]GPIWXVIEQWMW8LIJPEWLIJJMGMIRGMIWWLSYPHFIGLERKIHMJMXMWSFWIVZIHXLEXQSWXSJXLIZETSYVJIIHXSXLILSPHYTGSRHIRWIWMRXLILSPHYT8LMWGSYPHEHZIVWIP]EJJIGXXLITVIWWYVISJXLILSPHYTERHGSRWIUYIRXP]XLIIRXIVMRKERHI\MXMRKWXVIEQJPS[VEXIW

Figure 1.5

2SXI4VSHYGXJPEWLIJJMGMIRGMIWEVISRP]YWIHF]XLILSPHYTQSHIP[LIRVIZIVWIJPS[SGGYVWMRXLITVSHYGXJPS[RS^^PIW-RWYGLGEWIWXLITVSHYGXRS^^PIIJJIGXMZIP]FIGSQIWEJIIHRS^^PIERHYWIWXLITVSHYGXJPEWLIJJMGMIRGMIWTVSZMHIHF]]SYXLIYWIV1-15

1-16 Holdup Model

1-16

Dyntemp.book Page 16 Tuesday, May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

2S^^PIW

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8LITPEGIQIRXSJJIIHERHTVSHYGXRS^^PIWSRXLIIUYMTQIRXLEWTL]WMGEPQIERMRKMRVIPEXMSRXSXLILSPHYT8LII\MXWXVIEQWGSQTSWMXMSRHITIRHWTEVXMEPP]SRXLII\MXWXVIEQRS^^PIWPSGEXMSRMRVIPEXMSRXSXLITL]WMGEPLSPHYTPIZIPMRXLIZIWWIP-JXLITVSHYGXRS^^PIMWPSGEXIHFIPS[XLIPMUYMHPIZIPMRXLIZIWWIPXLII\MXWXVIEQ[MPPHVE[QEXIVMEPJVSQXLIPMUYMHLSPHYT-JXLITVSHYGXRS^^PIMWPSGEXIHEFSZIXLIPMUYMHPIZIPXLII\MXWXVIEQ[MPPHVE[QEXIVMEPJVSQXLIZETSYVLSPHYT-JXLIPMUYMHPIZIPWMXWEGVSWWERS^^PIXLIQSPIJVEGXMSRSJPMUYMHMRXLITVSHYGXWXVIEQZEVMIWPMRIEVP][MXLLS[JEVYTXLIRS^^PIXLIPMUYMHMW

Figure 1.6

Dynamic Theory 1-17

IncconmodynHY

Dyntemp.book Page 17 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM7XEXMG,IEHSRXVMFYXMSRW

;LIRXLIStatic Head ContributionsGLIGOFS\MWEGXMZEXIHSRXLIOptionsXEFSJXLIIntegratorZMI[,=7=7GEPGYPEXIWWXEXMGLIEHYWMRKXLIJSPPS[MRKGSRXVMFYXMSRW

Levels inside separators, tray sections, etc. Elevation differences between connected equipment

*SVYRMXSTIVEXMSRWXLEXLEZInegligible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

7XEXMGLIEHMWMQTSVXERXMRZIWWIPW[MXLPIZIPW*SVMRWXERGIGSRWMHIVEZIVXMGEPWITEVEXSVYRMXSTIVEXMSRXLEXLEWEGYVVIRXPMUYMHPIZIPSJ8LIWXEXMGLIEHGSRXVMFYXMSRSJXLIPMUYMHLSPHYT[MPPQEOIXLITVIWWYVIEXXLIPMUYMHSYXPIXRS^^PILMKLIVXLERXLEXEXXLIZETSYVSYXPIXRS^^PI2S^^PIPSGEXMSR[MPPEPWSFIGSQIEJEGXSV8LITVIWWYVIJPS[VIPEXMSRWLMTJSVXLIWITEVEXSV[MPPFIHMJJIVIRXJSVEJIIHRS^^PI[LMGLMWFIPS[XLIGYVVIRXPMUYMHLSPHYTPIZIPEWSTTSWIHXSEJIIH[LMGLMWIRXIVMRKMRXLIZETSYVVIKMSRSJXLIYRMX

-XMWMQTSVXERXXSRSXIXLEXI\MXWXVIEQTVIWWYVIWJVSQEYRMXSTIVEXMSREVIGEPGYPEXIHEXXLII\MXRS^^PIPSGEXMSRWSRXLITMIGISJIUYMTQIRXERHRSXXLIMRPIXRS^^PIPSGEXMSRWSJXLIRI\XTMIGISJIUYMTQIRX

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luding static head tributions in the delling of pressure-flow amics is an option in

SYS.1-17

1-18 Holdup Model

1-18

Dyntemp.book Page 18 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM)RIVK]&EPERGIW

,IEXMWPSWXSVKEMRIHJVSQXLILSPHYTJPYMHXLVSYKLXLI[EPPERHMRWYPEXMSRXSXLIWYVVSYRHMRKW

8LIVIEVIWIZIVEPYRHIVP]MRKEWWYQTXMSRWXLEXEVIGSRWMHIVIHHYVMRKELIEXPSWWGEPGYPEXMSR

There is heat capacity associated with the wall and insulation housing the fluid.

The temperature across the wall and insulation is assumed to be constant. (lumped parameter analysis)

The heat transfer coefficient between the holdup and the wall is assumed to be same for the vapour and liquid.

%FEPERGIGERFITIVJSVQIHEGVSWWXLI[EPP

8LIFEPERGIEGVSWWXLIMRWYPEXMSRMW

where: A = Heat transfer area

x = thickness

Figure 1.7

td

d AxwallCpwallTwall[ ] h fluid wall,( )A Tfluid Twall( )kinsxins---------A Twall Tins( )=

td

d AxinsCpinsTwall Tins+

2---------------------------- kinsxins---------A Twall Tins( ) h ins surr,( )A Tins Tsurr( )+=

Dynamic Theory 1-19

Dyntemp.book Page 19 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMCp = Heat capacity

T = temperature

k = thermal conductivity

h = heat transfer coefficient

%WWLS[RFSXLXLIMRWYPEXMSRERH[EPPGERWXSVILIEX8LILIEXPSWWXIVQXLEXMWEGGSYRXIHJSVMRXLIIRIVK]FEPERGIEVSYRHXLILSPHYTMW

-JTfluidMWKVIEXIVXLERTwallXLILIEX[MPPPSWXXSXLIWYVVSYRHMRKW-JTfluidMWPIWWXLERTwallXLILIEX[MPPFIKEMRIHJVSQXLIWYVVSYRHMRKW

LERKIMR:IWWIP0IZIP

-JXLIZIWWIPPIZIPGLERKIWETEVXSJXLI[EPPERHMRWYPEXMSRXLEX[EWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLSRITLEWI[MPPFIGSQITEVXSJERSXLIV8LIXIQTIVEXYVISJXLIMRGVIQIRXEPTMIGISJXLI[EPPERHXLIFYPOSJXLI[EPP[MPPFIIUYMPMFVEXIHF]XLIWMQTPIEZIVEKMRK

where: A = Heat transfer area of encroaching phase

T

= temperature of encroaching phase

T

= temperature of displaced phase

,IEX0SWW4EVEQIXIVW

8LILIEXPSWWTEVEQIXIVWGERFIWTIGMJMIHJSVQSWXYRMXSTIVEXMSRWMRXLIHeat LossTEKIYRHIVXLIRatingXEF=SYQE]GLSSWIXSRIKPIGXXLILIEXPSWWGEPGYPEXMSRMRXLIIRIVK]FEPERGIF]WIPIGXMRKXLINoneVEHMSFYXXSR

8[SLIEXPSWWQSHIPWEVIEZEMPEFPIXS]SYSimpleERHDetailed

h fluid wall,( )A Tfluid Twall( )

TnewT1A T2A+

A A+-----------------------------=1-19

1-20 Holdup Model

1-20

Dyntemp.book Page 20 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM7MQTPI1SHIP

8LI7MQTPIQSHIPEPPS[W]SYXSIMXLIVWTIGMJ]XLILIEXPSWWHMVIGXP]SVLEZIXLILIEXPSWWGEPGYPEXIHJVSQWTIGMJMIHZEPYIW

Overall U value Ambient Temperature

8LILIEXXVERWJIVEVIEAERHXLIJPYMHXIQTIVEXYVITfEVIGEPGYPEXIHF],=7=74PERX8LILIEXPSWWMWGEPGYPEXIHYWMRK

(IXEMPIH1SHIP

8LI(IXEMPIHQSHIPEPPS[W]SYXSWTIGMJ]QSVIHIXEMPIHLIEXXVERWJIVTEVEQIXIVW8LIVIEVIXLVIIVEHMSFYXXSRWMRXLIHeat Loss ParametersKVSYTEWHIWGVMFIHMRXLIXEFPIFIPS[

Q = UATf- Tamb

Radio Button Description

Temperature Profile

Displays the temperatures of the: fluid wall insulation surroundings

Conduction

Displays the conductive properties of the wall and insulation. The following properties can be specified by you:

Conductivity of material Thickness of material Heat capacity of material Density of material

Equation (1.14) and (1.15) demonstrate how the parameters are used by the heat loss model.

ConvectionDisplays the convective heat transfer coefficients for heat transfer within the holdup and heat transfer occurring from the outside the holdup to the surroundings.

Dynamic Theory 1-21

FreasiRS

Dyntemp.book Page 21 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM LIQMGEP6IEGXMSRWLIQMGEPVIEGXMSRWXLEXSGGYVMRTPERXIUYMTQIRXEVIGSRWMHIVIHF]XLILSPHYTQSHIPMR,=7=74PERX6IEGXMSRWIXWQE]FIWTIGMJMIHMRXLIResultsTEKISJXLIReactionsXEF

8LILSPHYTQSHIPMWEFPIXSGEPGYPEXIXLIGLIQMGEPIUYMPMFVMEERHVIEGXMSRWXLEXSGGYVMRXLILSPHYT-RELSPHYTGLIQMGEPVIEGXMSRQE]FIQSHIPPIHF]SRISJJSYVQIGLERMWQW

Reactions handled inside thermophysical property packages

Extent of reaction model Kinetic model Equilibrium model

6IPEXIHEPGYPEXMSRW8LIVIEVIGEPGYPEXMSRW[LMGLEVIRSXLERHPIHF]XLILSPHYTQSHIPMXWIPJFYXQE]MQTEGXXLILSPHYTGEPGYPEXMSRW8LIJSPPS[MRKGEPGYPEXMSRWVIUYMVIMRJSVQEXMSRERHEVIWSPZIHMRGSRNYRGXMSR[MXLXLILSPHYTQSHIP

:IWWIP0IZIPEPGYPEXMSRW

8LIZIWWIPPIZIPGERFIGEPGYPEXIHJVSQXLIZIWWIPKISQIXV]XLIQSPEVLSPHYTERHXLIHIRWMX]JSVIEGLPMUYMHTLEWI

:IWWIP4VIWWYVI

8LIZIWWIPTVIWWYVIMWEJYRGXMSRSJXLIZIWWIPZSPYQIERHXLIWXVIEQGSRHMXMSRWSJXLIJIIHTVSHYGXERHXLILSPHYT8LITVIWWYVIMRXLILSPHYTMWGEPGYPEXIHYWMRKEZSPYQIFEPERGIIUYEXMSR,SPHYTTVIWWYVIWEVIGEPGYPEXIHWMQYPXERISYWP]EGVSWWXLIJPS[WLIIX

8VE],]HVEYPMGW

8VE],]HVEYPMGWHIXIVQMRIWXLIVEXIJVSQ[LMGLPMUYMHPIEZIWXLIXVE]ERHLIRGIXLILSPHYTERHXLITVIWWYVIHVSTEGVSWWXLIXVE]8LI*VERGMW;IMVIUYEXMSRMWYWIHXSHIXIVQMRIXLIPMUYMHJPS[FEWIHSRXLIPMUYMHPIZIPMRXLIXVE]ERHXLIXVE]KISQIXV]

or more information on how action sets can be created

nd used within the mulation, see Chapter 4 - eaction Manager in the imulation Basis manual.1-21

1-22 Pressure Flow Solver

1-22

Dyntemp.book Page 22 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 4VIWWYVI*PS[7SPZIV,=7=74PERXSJJIVWEREHZERGIHQIXLSHSJGEPGYPEXMRKXLITVIWWYVIERHJPS[TVSJMPISJEWMQYPEXMSRGEWIMR DynamicQSHI%PQSWXIZIV]YRMXSTIVEXMSRMRXLIJPS[WLIIXGERFIGSRWMHIVIHELSPHYTSVGEVVMIVSJQEXIVMEPTVIWWYVIERHIRIVK]%RIX[SVOSJTVIWWYVILSPHYTWGERXLIVIJSVIFIGSRGIMZIHEGVSWWXLIIRXMVIWMQYPEXMSRGEWI8LI4*WSPZIVGSRWMHIVWXLIMRXIKVEXMSRSJTVIWWYVIJPS[FEPERGIWMRXLIJPS[WLIIX8LIVIEVIX[SFEWMGIUYEXMSRW[LMGLHIJMRIQSWXSJXLITVIWWYVIJPS[RIX[SVO8LIWIIUYEXMSRWSRP]GSRXEMRTVIWWYVIERHJPS[EWZEVMEFPIW

Resistance equations - which define flow between pressure holdups

Volume balance equations - which define the material balance at pressure holdups

8LITVIWWYVIJPS[FEPERGIWFSXLVIUYMVIMRJSVQEXMSRJVSQERHTVSZMHIMRJSVQEXMSRXSXLILSPHYTQSHIP;LMPIXLILSPHYTQSHIPGEPGYPEXIWXLIEGGYQYPEXMSRSJQEXIVMEPIRIVK]ERHGSQTSWMXMSRMRXLILSPHYTXLITVIWWYVIJPS[WSPZIVIUYEXMSRWTVIHMGXXLIEGGYQYPEXIHTVIWWYVISJXLILSPHYTERHJPS[VEXIWI\MXMRKXLILSPHYT8LILSPHYTQSHIPFVMRKWXLIEGXYEPJIIHERHTVSHYGXWXVIEQTVSTIVXMIWXSLSPHYTGSRHMXMSRWJSVXLIZSPYQIFEPERGIIUYEXMSRWYWMRKEVMKSVSYWSVETTVS\MQEXIJPEWL8LITVIWWYVIJPS[WSPZIVVIXYVRWMRJSVQEXMSRIWWIRXMEPXSXLILSPHYTQSHIPGEPGYPEXMSRWXLITVIWWYVISJXLILSPHYTSVXLIJPS[VEXIWSJXLIWXVIEQI\MXMRKXLILSPHYT

7MQYPXERISYW7SPYXMSRMR4VIWWYVI*PS[&EPERGIW

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Dynamic Theory 1-23

Dyntemp.book Page 23 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM%TVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\MWWIXYT[LMGLWSPZIWXLIZEVMEFPIWVIUYMVIH8LIQEXVM\GSRWMWXWSJVolume balanceIUYEXMSRWResistanceIUYEXMSRWERHPressure-Flow specificationsMRTYXF]]SY8LIRYQFIVSJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXRIIHXSFITVSZMHIHF]]SY[MPPFIHMWGYWWIHMRDegrees of Freedom AnalysisMRSection 1.3.3 - Pressure Flow Specifications

&EWMG4VIWWYVI*PS[)UYEXMSRW

8LIIUYEXMSRWXLEXEVIHMWGYWWIHMRXLMWWIGXMSRHIJMRIXLIFEWMWSJXLITVIWWYVIJPS[RIX[SVO

:SPYQI&EPERGI

*SVIUYMTQIRX[MXLLSPHYTERYRHIVP]MRKTVMRGMTPIMWXLEXXLITL]WMGEPZSPYQISJXLIZIWWIPERHXLYWXLIZSPYQISJQEXIVMEPMRXLIZIWWIPEXER]XMQIVIQEMRWGSRWXERX8LIVIJSVIHYVMRKGEPGYPEXMSRWMRH]REQMGWXLIGLERKIMRZSPYQISJXLIQEXIVMEPMRWMHIXLIZIWWIPMW^IVS

Figure 1.8

V Constant f flow h P T, , ,( )= =1-23

1-24 Pressure Flow Solver

1-24

Dyntemp.book Page 24 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMwhere: V= volume of the vessel

t = time

flow = mass flowrate

h = holdup

P = vessel pressure

T = vessel temperature

%WWYGLEZIWWIPTVIWWYVIRSHIIUYEXMSRMWIWWIRXMEPP]EZSPYQIXVMGJPS[FEPERGIERHGERFII\TVIWWIHEWJSPPS[W

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8LIZSPYQIFEPERGIIUYEXMSREPPS[W]SYXSSFWIVZITVIWWYVIIJJIGXWMRXLIZETSYVLSPHYTHYIXSHMWXYVFERGIWMRXLIJIIHSRWMHIVEWITEVEXSV[LSWIJIIHJPS[WYHHIRP]MRGVIEWIW%WWYQIXLEXXLII\MXWXVIEQWJVSQXLIWITEVEXSVEVIWTIGMJMIHF]]SYERHEVIXLYWGSRWXERX8LIZIWWIPTVIWWYVI[SYPHMRGVIEWIJSVVIEWSRW

&IGEYWIXLIQEXIVMEPSJXLII\MXWXVIEQWVIQEMRGSRWXERXERMRGVIEWIMRXLIZETSYVJIIHJPS[[SYPHMRGVIEWIXLIZETSYVLSPHYT%RMRGVIEWIMRXLIZETSYVLSPHYTQIERWXLEXEPEVKIVEQSYRXSJQEXIVMEPMWGSQTVIWWIHMRXSXLIWEQIZETSYVZSPYQIVIWYPXMRKMREZIWWIPTVIWWYVIMRGVIEWI

8LIMRGVIEWIMRXLIPMUYMHPIZIPGEYWIWXLIZETSYVLSPHYTXSSGGYT]EWQEPPIVZSPYQI[MXLMRXLIZIWWIPGEYWMRKXLIZIWWIPTVIWWYVIXSVMWI

dVdt------- 0=

Volume change due to pressure + Volume change due to flows +

Volume change due to temperature + Volume change due to other factors = 0

Dynamic Theory 1-25

Dyntemp.book Page 25 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM6IWMWXERGI)UYEXMSRW

*PS[WI\MXMRKJVSQELSPHYTQE]FIGEPGYPEXIHJVSQEZSPYQIFEPERGIIUYEXMSRWTIGMJMIHF]]SYSVGEPGYPEXIHJVSQEVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSR-RKIRIVEPXLIVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSRGEPGYPEXIWJPS[VEXIWJVSQXLITVIWWYVIHMJJIVIRGIWSJXLIWYVVSYRHMRKRSHIW,=7=7GSRXEMRWYRMXSTIVEXMSRWWYGLEWVALVESERHHEAT EXCHANGERS[LMGLGEPGYPEXIJPS[VEXIWYWMRKVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSRW8LIVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSRWEVIQSHIPPIHEJXIVXYVFYPIRXJPS[IUYEXMSRWERHLEZIXLIJSVQ

where: Flow = mass flowrate

k = conductance, which is a constant representing the reciprocal of resistance to flow

P = frictional pressure loss which is the pressure drop across the unit operation without static head contributions.

Equation (1.21)MWEWMQTPMJMIHJSVQSJXLIFEWMGVALVESTIVEXMSRIUYEXMSR[LMGLYWIWXLIZEPZIJPS[GSIJJMGMIRXZ8LIQEWWJPS[VEXIXLVSYKLXLIZEPZIMWEJYRGXMSRSJXLIZEPZIJPS[GSIJJMGMIRXERHXLIJVMGXMSREPTVIWWYVIHVSTEGVSWWXLIZEPZI

where: Flow = mass flowrate

Cv = conductance, which is a constant representing the reciprocal of resistance to flow

P

= upstream pressure

P

= downstream pressure

%WWLS[REVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSRVIPEXIWXLITVIWWYVIWSJX[SRSHIWERHXLIJPS[XLEXI\MWXWFIX[IIRXLIRSHIW8LIJSPPS[MRKYRMXSTIVEXMSRWLEZIEVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSREWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIQ

Flow k P=

Flow f Cv P1 P2,,( )=1-25

1-26 Pressure Flow Solver

1-26

ForspespestreStr

Dyntemp.book Page 26 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM*SVEQSVIHIXEMPIHHMWGYWWMSRSRXLIMRHMZMHYEPYRMXSTIVEXMSRWERHXLIVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSRWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIQWIIXLIETTVSTVMEXIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWIGXMSRMRXLIDynamic Modelling KYMHI

4VIWWYVI*PS[7TIGMJMGEXMSRW

-RDynamicQSHI]SYGERWTIGMJ]XLITVIWWYVIERHSVJPS[SJEQEXIVMEPWXVIEQMREJPS[WLIIX8LITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWEVIQEHIMRXLIDynamicsXEFSJXLIMaterial StreamTVSTIVX]ZMI[-RSVHIVXSWEXMWJ]XLIHIKVIIWSJJVIIHSQSJXLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\]SYQYWXMRTYXEGIVXEMRRYQFIVSJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW8LIZSPYQIFEPERGIIUYEXMSRWVIWMWXERGIIUYEXMSRWERHTVIWWYVIJPS[VIPEXMSRIUYEXMSRWQEOIYTEPEVKIRYQFIVSJIUYEXMSRWMRXLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\,S[IZIV]SYWLSYPHFIE[EVISJXLIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXEVIRIIHIHFIJSVIXLIQEXVM\[MPPWSPZI

Unit Operation Resistance Term

ValveWith a pressure flow specification, you can specify conductance, Cv, on the Specs page of the Dynamics tab.

Pump

The heat flow and pump work define the pressure flow relation of the pump. These parameters can be specified and/or calculated on the Specs page of the Dynamics tab.

Compressor/Expander

The heat flow and compressor work define the pressure flow relation of the compressor. These parameters can be specified and/or calculated on the Specs page of the Dynamics tab.

Heater/Cooler/Heat Exchanger/Air Cooler/LNG

With a pressure flow specification, you can specify the k-value on the Specs page of the Dynamics tab.

Tray Sections, Weir Equation

The Weir equation determines liquid flow rate from the tray as a function of liquid level in the tray. Tray geometry can be specified on the Sizing page of the Ratings tab.

Tray Sections, K-Value

The K-value is used to determine vapour flow exiting from the tray as a function of the pressure difference between trays. K-values can either be calculated or specified on the Specs page of the Dynamics tab.

more information on cifying Pressure-Flow cifications for a material am, see Chapter 3 -

eams.

Dynamic Theory 1-27

Dyntemp.book Page 27 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM(IKVIIWSJ*VIIHSQ%REP]WMW

-REPQSWXEPPGEWIWEJPS[WLIIXFIMRKQSHIPPIHH]REQMGEPP]YWMRKTVIWWYVIJPS[[MPPVIUYMVISRITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRTIVJPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]WXVIEQ%JPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]MWSRIXLEXGVSWWIWXLIQSHIPFSYRHEV]ERHMWEXXEGLIHXSSRP]SRIYRMXSTIVEXMSR)\EQTPIWSJWYGLWXVIEQWEVIXLIQSHIPWJIIHERHTVSHYGXWXVIEQW%PPSXLIVWTIGMJMGEXMSRWJSVXLIJPS[WLIIX[MPPFILERHPIH[LIRIEGLYRMXSTIVEXMSRMWWM^IHYWMRKXLIGSRHYGXERGISVZEPZIJPS[GSIJJMGMIRX

8LIJSPPS[MRKI\EQTPIGSRJMVQWXLIlSRI4*WTIGMJMGEXMSRTIVJPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]WXVIEQzVYPI-RFigure 1.9WMRGIXLIVIEVIJPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]WXVIEQW]SYEVIVIUYMVIHXSQEOITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWMRSVHIVJSVXLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\XSWSPZI2SXIXLEXXLITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWHSRSXRIGIWWEVMP]LEZIXSFIWIXJSVIEGLJPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]WXVIEQ7TIGMJMGEXMSRWGERFIQEHIJSVMRXIVREPJPS[WLIIXWXVIEQWEWPSRKEWXLIVIMWSRI4*WTIGMJMGEXMSRTIVJPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]WXVIEQ

-RXLIJPS[WLIIXWLS[REFSZIXLIVIEVIWXVIEQWERHZIWWIPLSPHYT-RSVHIVXSJYPP]HIJMRIXLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\XLITVIWWYVIERHJPS[JSVIEGLQEXIVMEPWXVIEQERHXLITVIWWYVISJIEGLLSPHYTQYWXFIWSPZIHJSV-RWLSVXX[SZEVMEFPIWEVIVIUYMVIHJSVIEGLQEXIVMEPWXVIEQERHZEVMEFPIMWVIUYMVIHJSVIEGLLSPHYT

Figure 1.9

8 material streams \ 2

+ 1 vessel holdup \ 1

17 pressure-flow variables

1-27

1-28 Pressure Flow Solver

1-28

Dyntemp.book Page 28 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LIEGGYQYPEXMSRSVEQSYRXSJLSPHYTMWWSPZIHYWMRKQEXIVMEPFEPERGIWMRXLILSPHYTQSHIP%PXLSYKLXLILSPHYTMWRSXWSPZIHF]XLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\MXMWYWIHF]XLIZSPYQIFEPERGIIUYEXMSRXSGEPGYPEXIXLIZIWWIPTVIWWYVISJXLILSPHYT[LMGLMWEZEVMEFPIMRXLIQEXVM\

8LITVIWWYVIERHJPS[SJQEXIVMEPWXVIEQWEVIREQIH4WXVIEQREQI

ERH*WXVIEQREQI

VIWTIGXMZIP]8LITVIWWYVISJXLILSPHYTMWREQIH4,

8LIVIEVIERYQFIVSJIUYEXMSRW[LMGLHIWGVMFIXLIVIPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIRXLITVIWWYVIWERHJPS[WMRXLMWRIX[SVO8LI]EVIEWJSPPS[W

Pressure-Flow Equation Description # of Eqns

Separator

Volume Balance equations

The volume balance relates P,

with F

, F

and F

.

1

General Pressure relations If the static head contribution in the integrator is not checked, this general pressure relation will be observed.

3

Valves

Resistance equations

This is the general form of the valve resistance equation. The actual equations vary according to inlet stream conditions.

3

General Flow relationsSince the valves are usually not specified with holdup, this relation will be observed.

3

Mixer

General Pressure relationsThe equalize option is recommended for the operation of the mixer in dynamic mode. If this option is checked, this general pressure relation will be observed.

2

General Flow relation Since the mixer is usually not specified with holdup, this relation will be observed.

1

Total Number of Pressure Flow Equations 13

dPHdt---------- f P T holdup flows,, ,( )=

PH P2 P3 P5= = =

F2 KVLV100 P1 P2F4 KVLV101 P3 P4F8 KVLV102 P7 P8=

=

=

F1 F2F3 F4F7 F8=

=

=

P5 P6 P7= =

F7 F5 F6+=

Dynamic Theory 1-29

Dyntemp.book Page 29 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM;MXLZEVMEFPIWXSWSPZIJSVMRXLIRIX[SVOERHEZEMPEFPIIUYEXMSRWXLIHIKVIIWSJJVIIHSQJSVXLMWRIX[SVOMW8LIVIJSVIZEVMEFPIWRIIHXSFIWTIGMJMIHXSHIJMRIXLMWW]WXIQ8LMWMWXLIWEQIRYQFIVSJJPS[WLIIXFSYRHEV]WXVIEQW

4VIWWYVI*PS[7TIGMJMGEXMSR+YMHIPMRIW

8LITVIZMSYWWIGXMSRSYXPMRIHXLIRYQFIVSJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXEVIVIUYMVIHF]XLIJPS[WLIIXMRSVHIVJSVXLIHIKVIIWSJJVIIHSQXSFIWEXMWJMIH8LMWWIGXMSRTVIWIRXWTSWWMFPI4*WTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXGERFIQEHIJSVXLIMRPIXERHI\MXWXVIEQWSJstand aloneSTIVEXMSRW8LITYVTSWISJXLMWWIGXMSRMWXSHIQSRWXVEXIXLIVERKISJWTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXGERFIQEHIJSVHMJJIVIRXYRMXSTIVEXMSRWMR,=7=7-XMWLSTIHXLEXXLMWWIGXMSR[MPPTVSZMHIMRWMKLXEWXS[LEXWLSYPHERHWLSYPHRSXFIWTIGMJMIHJSVIEGLYRMXSTIVEXMSR

:EPZI

6EXMRKMRJSVQEXMSRJSVXLIZEPZISTIVEXMSRMRGPYHMRKXLIZEPZIX]TIERHZZEPYIWGERFIMRTYXSRXLISizingTEKIMRXLI RatingsXEF

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2SXIXLEXXLI4*WTIGSTXMSRJSVGSRHYGXERGIX]TIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWWLSYPHFIYWIHEWQYGLEWTSWWMFPIWMRGIMXMWQYGLQSVIVIEPMWXMGMRHIXIVQMRMRKTVIWWYVIJPS[VIPEXMSRWMREREGXYEPTPERX8LITVIWWYVIHVSTSTXMSRMWTVSZMHIHXSIEWIXLIXVERWMXMSRFIX[IIRSteady StateERHDynamicQSHI8LITVIWWYVIHVSTSTXMSRQE]LIPTQSVIHMJJMGYPXWMQYPEXMSRWVYRWMRGIXLIMRMXMEPI\MXWXVIEQGSRHMXMSRWSJXLIZEPZIGERFIIEWMP]GEPGYPEXIHYWMRKXLITVIWWYVIHVSTSTXMSR1-29

1-30 Pressure Flow Solver

1-30

ThlikP-Fpoprepla

Dyntemp.book Page 30 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM,IEX)\GLERKIVSSPIV,IEXIV

8LIH]REQMGHEAT EXCHANGERGERFIWTIGMJMIHEWLEZMRKEWIXTVIWWYVIHVSTSVE3ZIVEPP/:EPYITVIWWYVIJPS[VIPEXMSR8LMWSTXMSRMWWIXSRXLISpecsTEKISJXLIDynamicsXEFMRXLIHEAT EXCHANGERTVSTIVX]ZMI[

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/ZEPYIWGERFIGEPGYPEXIHYWMRKXLICalculate KFYXXSRSRXLISpecsTEKISJXLIDynamicsXEFMRXLISTIVEXMSRWTVSTIVX]ZMI[

HEATERERHCOOLERSTIVEXMSRWEVIQYGLPMOIHEAT EXCHANGERS,S[IZIVXLI]SRP]LEZIEWMRKPI/ZEPYISRXLIMVTVSGIWWWMHI

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8LIPartial CondenserLEWXLVIII\MXWXVIEQWXLISZIVLIEHZETSYVWXVIEQXLIVIJPY\WXVIEQERHXLIHMWXMPPEXIWXVIEQ%PPXLVIII\MXWXVIEQWQYWXFIWTIGMJMIH[LIREXXEGLIHXSXLIQEMRXVE]WIGXMSR3RITVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRMWVIGSQQIRHIHJSVXLIZETSYVWXVIEQ8LISXLIVX[SI\MXWXVIEQWQYWXFIWTIGMJMIH[MXLJPS[VEXIW%RSXLIV

e heat exchange operations, e the valve, should use the spec option as much as

ssible to simulate actual ssure flow relations in the nt.

Dynamic Theory 1-31

Dyntemp.book Page 31 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMSTXMSRMWXSWTIGMJ]EReflux Flow/Total Liq FlowZEPYISRXLISpecsTEKIMRXLIDynamicsXEF-RXLMWGEWISRP]SRIJPS[WTIGMWVIUYMVIHSRIMXLIVXLIVIJPY\SVHMWXMPPEXIWXVIEQ

8LIFully-Refluxed CondenserLEWX[SI\MXWXVIEQWXLISZIVLIEHZETSYVWXVIEQERHXLIVIJPY\WXVIEQ3RITVIWWYVIERHJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRMWVIUYMVIHJSVXLIX[SI\MXWXVIEQW

%Fully-Condensed CondenserLEWX[SI\MXWXVIEQWXLIVIJPY\WXVIEQERHXLIHMWXMPPEXIWXVIEQ8LIVIEVIWIZIVEPTSWWMFPIGSRJMKYVEXMSRWSJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWJSVXLMWX]TISJGSRHIRWIV%JPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRGERFIYWIHJSVXLIVIJPY\WXVIEQERHETVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGGERFIYWIHJSVXLIHMWXMPPEXIWXVIEQ8[SJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWGERFIYWIHLS[IZIVMXMWWYKKIWXIHXLEXEZIWWIPTVIWWYVIGSRXVSPPIVFIWIXYT[MXLXLIGSRHIRWIVHYX]EWXLISTIVEXMRKZEVMEFPI

8LIReboilerLEWX[SI\MXWXVIEQWXLIFSMPYTZETSYVWXVIEQERHXLIFSXXSQWPMUYMHWXVIEQ3RP]SRII\MXWXVIEQGERFIWTIGMJMIH-JETVIWWYVIGSRWXVEMRXMWWTIGMJMIHIPWI[LIVIMRXLIGSPYQRXLMWI\MXWXVIEQQYWXFIWTIGMJMIH[MXLEJPS[VEXI

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8LIFEWMGABSORBERGSPYQRLEWX[SMRPIXERHX[SI\MXWXVIEQW;LIRYWIHEPSRIXLIABSORBERLEWJSYVFSYRHEV]WXVIEQWERHXLIVIJSVIVIUYMVIWJSYVTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW%TVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSR[MPPEP[E]WFIVIUYMVIHJSVXLIPMUYMHTVSHYGXWXVIEQPIEZMRKXLIFSXXSQSJXLIGSPYQR%WIGSRHTVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWLSYPHFIEHHIHXSXLIZETSYVTVSHYGXSJXLIGSPYQR[MXLXLIX[SJIIHWXVIEQWLEZMRKJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW

8LIFEWMGREFLUXED ABSORBERGSPYQRLEWEWMRKPIMRPIXERHX[SSVXLVIII\MXWXVIEQWHITIRHMRKSRXLIGSRHIRWIVGSRJMKYVEXMSR;LIRYWIHEPSRIXLIREFLUXED ABSORBERLEWXLVIISVJSYVFSYRHEV]WXVIEQWHITIRHMRKSRXLIGSRHIRWIVERHVIUYMVIWJSYVSVJMZITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWKIRIVEPP]X[STVIWWYVIERHXLVIIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW%TVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSR[MPPEP[E]WFIVIUYMVIHJSVXLIPMUYMHTVSHYGXWXVIEQPIEZMRKXLIFSXXSQSJXLIGSPYQR1-31

1-32 Pressure Flow Solver

1-32

Dyntemp.book Page 32 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LIREBOILED ABSORBERGSPYQRLEWEWMRKPIMRPIXERHX[SI\MXWXVIEQW;LIRYWIHEPSRIXLIREBOILED ABSORBERLEWXLVIIFSYRHEV]WXVIEQWERHXLIVIJSVIVIUYMVIWXLVIITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWSRITVIWWYVIERHX[SJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW%TVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSR[MPPEP[E]WFIVIUYMVIHJSVXLIZETSYVTVSHYGXPIEZMRKXLIGSPYQR

8LIFEWMGDISTILLATIONGSPYQRLEWSRIMRPIXERHX[SSVXLVIII\MXWXVIEQWHITIRHMRKSRXLIGSRHIRWIVGSRJMKYVEXMSR;LIRYWIHEPSRIXLIDISTILLATION GSPYQRLEWXLVIISVJSYVFSYRHEV]WXVIEQWFYXVIUYMVIWJSYVSVJMZITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWKIRIVEPP]SRITVIWWYVIERHXLVIISVJSYVJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW8LII\XVETVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRMWVIUYMVIHHYIXSXLIVIJPY\WXVIEQERHMWHMWGYWWIHMRSection 8.2.2 - Condensers and Reboiler

SQTVIWWSV)\TERHIV4YQT

6EXMRKMRJSVQEXMSRJSVXLIH]REQMGGSQTVIWWSVI\TERHIVERHTYQTSTIVEXMSRWGERFIMRTYXSRXLICurvesERHInertiaTEKIWMRXLIRatingsXEF

-RKIRIVEPX[SWTIGMJMGEXMSRWWLSYPHFIWIPIGXIHMRXLIDynamics SpecificationsKVSYTMRXLISpecsTEKISJXLIDynamicsXEFMRSVHIVJSVXLIWIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWXSJYPP]WSPZI=SYWLSYPHFIE[EVISJWTIGMJMGEXMSRW[LMGLQE]GEYWIGSQTPMGEXMSRWSVWMRKYPEVMX]MRXLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\7SQII\EQTPIWSJWYGLGEWIWEVI

The Pressure Increase box should not be selected if the inlet and exit stream pressures are specified.

The Speed box should not be selected if the Use Characteristic Curves check box is not selected.

8LICOMPRESSOREXPANDERERHPUMPSTIVEXMSRWLEZISRIMRPIXWXVIEQERHSRII\MXWXVIEQ8[STVIWWYVIWQE]FIWTIGMJMIHJSVXLIMRPIXERHI\MXWXVIEQWSVSRITVIWWYVIERHSRIJPS[QE]FIWTIGMJMIH

1M\IV8II

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Dynamic Theory 1-33

Dyntemp.book Page 33 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM&]WTIGMJ]MRKXLIH]REQMGMIXERERHTEEEWVIGSQQIRHIHXLITVIWWYVISJXLIWYVVSYRHMRKWXVIEQWSJXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSREVIIUYEPMJWXEXMGLIEHGSRXVMFYXMSRWEVIRSXGSRWMHIVIH8LMWMWEVIEPMWXMGWMXYEXMSRWMRGIXLITVIWWYVIWSJXLIWXVIEQWIRXIVMRKERHI\MXMRKEQM\IVSVXIIQYWXFIXLIWEQI;MXLXLIVIGSQQIRHIHWTIGMJMGEXMSRWJPS[XSERHJVSQXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWMWF]XLITVIWWYVIJPS[RIX[SVOERHRSXF]]SYXLIYWIV

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(]REQMG3TIVEXMSRW+IRIVEP+YMHIPMRIW

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-XMWEPWSTSWWMFPIJSV]SYXSFYMPHEH]REQMGWGEWIF]JMVWXGVIEXMRKXLIGEWIMRSteady State QSHI=SYGERQEOIXLIXVERWMXMSRXSDynamicQSHI[MXLWSQIQSHMJMGEXMSRWXSXLIJPS[WLIIXXSTSPSK]ERHWXVIEQWTIGMJMGEXMSRWSection 1.4.2 - Moving from Steady State to DynamicsSYXPMRIWWSQIKIRIVEPWXITW]SYGERXEOIMRSVHIVXSGVIEXIEH]REQMGWGEWIJVSQWXIEH]WXEXIQSHI8LI(]REQMG%WWMWXERXSection 2.1 - Dynamics AssistantGERFIYWIHXSUYMGOP]QSHMJ]XLIWXIEH]WXEXIJPS[WLIIXWSXLEXMXLEWEGSVVIGXWIXSJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW-XMWMQTSVXERXXSRSXILS[IZIVXLEXRSXEPPXLIQSHMJMGEXMSRWWYKKIWXIHF]XLI%WWMWXERX[MPPVIWYPXMREWXEFPITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\JSVXLI4*WSPZIV

-XMWWYKKIWXIHXLEX]SY[LIRJMVWXPIEVRMRKH]REQMGWFYMPHWMQTPIGEWIWMRSteady StateQSHIWSXLEXXLIXVERWMXMSRXSDynamicQSHIMWVIPEXMZIP]IEW]3RGIXLIXVERWMXMSRJVSQSteady StateXSDynamicQSHIMWQEHISXLIVYRMXSTIVEXMSRWGERIEWMP]FIEHHIHXSFIXXIVQSHIPXLITVSGIWWW]WXIQ-J]SYEVIQSVII\TIVMIRGIH]SYQE]EHSTXHMJJIVIRXERHQSVIIJJMGMIRX[E]WXSGVIEXIEH]REQMGWGEWI1-33

1-34 Dynamic Operations: General Guidelines

1-34

Dyntemp.book Page 34 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 7TIGMJMGEXMSR(MJJIVIRGIWFIX[IIR(]REQMGERH7XIEH]7XEXI

-XMWETTEVIRXXLEXXLIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWVIUYMVIHF]XLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWMRDynamicQSHIEVIRSXXLIWEQIEWXLISteady StateQSHI8LMWWIGXMSRSYXPMRIWXLIQEMRHMJJIVIRGIWFIX[IIRXLIX[SQSHIWMRVIKEVHWXSWTIGMJ]MRKYRMXSTIVEXMSRW

7XIEH]7XEXI

8LISteady StateQSHIYWIWmodularSTIVEXMSRW[LMGLEVIGSQFMRIH[MXLEnon-sequentialEPKSVMXLQ-RJSVQEXMSRMWTVSGIWWIHEWWSSREWMXMWWYTTPMIHF]]SY8LIVIWYPXWSJER]GEPGYPEXMSREVIEYXSQEXMGEPP]TVSTEKEXIHXLVSYKLSYXXLIJPS[WLIIXFSXLJSV[EVHWERHFEGO[EVHW

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9RPMOIMR Steady State QSHIMRJSVQEXMSRMWRSXTVSGIWWIHMQQIHMEXIP]EJXIVFIMRKMRTYXF]]SY8LIMRXIKVEXSVWLSYPHFIVYREJXIVXLIEHHMXMSRSJER]YRMXSTIVEXMSRXSXLIJPS[WLIIX3RGIXLIMRXIKVEXSVMWVYRWXVIEQGSRHMXMSRWJSVXLII\MXWXVIEQWSJXLIEHHIHYRMXSTIVEXMSR

Dynamic Theory 1-35

Dyntemp.book Page 35 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM[MPPFIGEPGYPEXIH

1SZMRKJVSQ7XIEH]7XEXIXS(]REQMGW

=SYWLSYPHFIE[EVIXLEXJPS[MRXLITPERXSGGYVWEWEVIWYPXSJXLITVIWWYVIJPS[VIPEXMSRWFIX[IIRRSHIW&IJSVIEXVERWMXMSRJVSQSteady StateXSDynamicQSHISGGYVWXLIWMQYPEXMSRJPS[WLIIXWLSYPHFIWIXYTWSXLEXEHIJMRMXITVIWWYVIHVSTI\MWXWEGVSWWXLITPERX8LIJSPPS[MRKSYXPMRIMRHMGEXIWWSQIFEWMGWXITW]SYGERXEOIXSWIXYTEGEWIMRSteady StateQSHIERHXLIRW[MXGLXSDynamicQSHI

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)UYMTQIRX7M^MRK

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+IRIVEP)UYMTQIRX7M^MRK6YPIW

Vessels 7)4%6%836732()27)676)&3-0)67WLSYPHFIWM^IHJSVQMRYXIWSJPMUYMHLSPHYTXMQI7M^MRKERHSWXMRKGEPGYPEXMSRWQE]EPWSFITIVJSVQIHYWMRKXLI:IWWIP7M^MRKYXMPMX]MRXLISizingTEKISJXLIRatingXEF

ValvesWLSYPHFIWM^IHYWMRKX]TMGEPJPS[VEXIW8LIZEPZIWLSYPHFIWM^IH[MXLEZEPZISTIRMRKERHETVIWWYVIHVSTFIX[IIRERHO4E1-35

1-36 Dynamic Operations: General Guidelines

1-36

Dyntemp.book Page 36 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMSPYQR8VE]7M^MRK6YPIW

Tray SizingGERFIEGGSQTPMWLIHJSVWITEVEXMSRGSPYQRWYWMRKXLI8VE]7M^MRKYXMPMX]MRXLIUtilitiesTEKI%R]YWISJYXMPMXMIWWLSYPHFIVIWXVMGXIHXSSteady StateQSHI8LIXVE]WEVIWM^IHEGGSVHMRKXSXLII\MWXMRKJPS[VEXIWERHXLIHIWMVIHVIWMHIRGIXMQIWMRXLIXVE]-QTSVXERXZEVMEFPIWMRGPYHI

Tray diameter Weir length Weir height Tray spacing

%HNYWXMRKSPYQR4VIWWYVI

-RWXIEH]WXEXIXLITVIWWYVITVSJMPISJXLIGSPYQRMWYWIVWTIGMJMIH-RH]REQMGWMXMWGEPGYPEXIHYWMRKH]REQMGL]HVEYPMGGEPGYPEXMSRW-JXLIWXIEH]WXEXITVIWWYVITVSJMPIMWZIV]HMJJIVIRXJVSQXLIGEPGYPEXIHTVIWWYVIHVSTXLIVIQE]FIPEVKIYTWIXWMRJPS[MRXLIGSPYQR[LIRXLIMRXIKVEXSVMWVYR%VIEWSREFPIIWXMQEXISJXLIGSPYQRWTVIWWYVITVSJMPIGERFIGEPGYPEXIHYWMRKXLI8VE]7M^MRKYXMPMX]8LMWYXMPMX]TVSZMHIWEMax P/TrayZEPYIMRXLIResultsXEF8LIGSPYQRTVIWWYVITVSJMPIQE]FIGEPGYPEXIHYWMRKXLMWZEPYIXLIMax P/TrayZEPYIERHEHIWMVIHTVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRER][LIVISRXLIGSPYQR

=SYQE][MWLXSGLERKIXLIMax P/TrayZEPYIMRSVHIVXSEGLMIZIEHIWMVIHTVIWWYVITVSJMPIEGVSWWXLIGSPYQR8LMWGERIEWMP]FIHSRIF]QSHMJ]MRKXLIWeir heightMRXLIRatingsXEFMRXLI8VE]7M^MRKYXMPMX]6IHYGMRKXLI[IMVLIMKLXPS[IVWXLIWXEXMGLIEHGSRXVMFYXMSRWERHPS[IVWXLIMax P/TrayZEPYI-RDynamicQSHIXLINozzle Pressure Flow K-factorsJSYRHSRXLIDynamicsXEFSJXLIMain TSTVSTIVX]ZMI[QE]EPWSFIEHNYWXIHXSFIXXIVQSHIPXLITVIWWYVIHVSTEGVSWWXLIGSPYQR

0SKMGEP3TIVEXMSRW

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Dynamic Theory 1-37

D

Dyntemp.book Page 37 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM(MWXYVFERGIWMRXLITPERXGERFIQSHIPPIHYWMRKXLITransfer FunctionSTIVEXMSR8LI)ZIRXW7GLIHYPIVGERFIYWIHXSQSHIPEYXSQEXIHWLYXHS[RWERHWXEVXYTW

)RXIVXLI,=7=7(]REQMG)RZMVSRQIRX

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4VIGEYXMSRW

=SYWLSYPHTE]WTIGMEPEXXIRXMSRXSIUYMTQIRX[MXLJM\IHTVIWWYVIHVSTW%R]JM\IHTVIWWYVIHVSTWTIGMJMGEXMSRWMRIUYMTQIRXQE]]MIPHYRVIEPMWXMGVIWYPXWWYGLEWJPS[SGGYVVMRKMRXLIHMVIGXMSRSJMRGVIEWMRKTVIWWYVI6IQIQFIVXSGLIGOJSVJM\IHTVIWWYVIHVSTWMRXLIVIFSMPIVERHGSRHIRWIVSJGSPYQRW

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-XQE]FIRIGIWWEV]XSMWSPEXIERHGSRZIVKIWMRKPITMIGIWSJIUYMTQIRXMRXLITPERXYWMRKXLIIgnoredJIEXYVIJSVIEGLYRMXSTIVEXMSRMJXLIVIMWERIWTIGMEPP]PEVKIRYQFIVSJYRMXSTIVEXMSRWMRXLIJPS[WLIIX

ynamic Mode Button1-37

1-38 Dynamic Operations: General Guidelines

1-38

Dyntemp.book Page 38 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM6YRXLIIntegratorEJXIVER]YRMXSTIVEXMSRLEWFIIREHHIHMRDynamicQSHI9RPMOIXLIWXIEH]WXEXIIRZMVSRQIRXXLII\MXWXVIEQWSJYRMXSTIVEXMSRWMRDynamicQSHIEVIRSXGEPGYPEXIHYRXMPXLI-RXIKVEXSVMWVYR8LI-RXIKVEXSVWLSYPHFIVYRPSRKIRSYKLXSSFXEMRVIEWSREFPIZEPYIWJSVXLII\MXWXVIEQWSJXLIRI[STIVEXMSRW

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8LIlNot enough specificationszQIWWEKIMRHMGEXIWXLEXXLIWMQYPEXSVLEWHIXIGXIHXSSJI[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW8LIExtra SpecsXEFMRXLIEquation SummaryViewMRHMGEXIWTSWWMFPIZEVMEFPIWXLEXQE]FIQMWWMRKJVSQXLIWMQYPEXMSRGEWI8LI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERXGEREMHMRMHIRXMJ]MRK[LMGL4*WTIGMJMGEXMSRWWLSYPHFIEHHIHSVHIPIXIHJVSQEH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRGEWI

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Dynamic Theory 1-39

Dyntemp.book Page 39 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LI4VIWWYVI*PS[7SPZIVJEMPIHXSGSRZIVKI

8LMWQIWWEKIMRHMGEXIWXLEXSRISVQSVITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWQE]FIYRVIEWSREFPI8LMWQIWWEKIQE]EPWSETTIEVMJXLIVIEVIWYHHIRPEVKIYTWIXWXSXLIWMQYPEXMSRGEWI-XMWLIPTJYPXSIRXIVXLIEquation Summary ViewXSMHIRXMJ]TVSFPIQEVIEWMRXLIJPS[WLIIX4VIWWXLIFull AnalysisFYXXSRSVPartitioned AnalysisFYXXSRMJMXMWQEHIEZEMPEFPI&]TVIWWMRKXLIUpdate Sorted ListFYXXSRMRXLIUnconvergedXEF,=7=7VIZIEPWXLIX]TISJIUYEXMSRPSGEXMSRERHWGEPIHIVVSVEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIYRGSRZIVKIHRSHIWMRXLIJPS[WLIIX

4E]WTIGMEPEXXIRXMSRXSXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRW[MXLXLIPEVKIWXIVVSVWMRXLIUncovergedXEFLIGOXLIZIWWIPZSPYQIWSJXLIYRGSZIVKIHYRMXSTIVEXMSRWERHIRWYVIXLEXXLI]LEZIFIIRWM^IH[MXLVIEWSREFPIVIWMHIRGIXMQIWLIGOXLIWM^ISJXLIZEPZIWEXXEGLIHXSXLIYRGSRZIVKIHYRMXSTIVEXMSRW

*SVQSVIMRJSVQEXMSRVIKEVHMRKXLI Equations Summary ViewWIIChapter 2 - Dynamic Tools1-39

1-40 Dynamic Operations: General Guidelines

1-40

Dyntemp.book Page 40 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM

Dynamic Tools 2-1

2

2.1

222222

2.2

22222222

Dyntemp.book Page 1 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM2.2.9 Internal Specification Equations Tab ...................................................... 272.2.10 Internal Specifications Variables Tab ................................................... 28

2.3 Integrator..................................................................................................... 302.3.1 General Tab ........................................................................................... 302.3.2 Options Tab............................................................................................ 322.3.3 Heat Loss Tab ........................................................................................ 33

2.4 Event Scheduler ......................................................................................... 33

2.4.1 Event Scheduler Manager ..................................................................... 352.4.2 Schedule View ....................................................................................... 362.4.3 Sequence View ...................................................................................... 372.4.4 Event View ............................................................................................. 38Dynamic Tools

Dynamics Assistant ..................................................................................... 4

.1.1 General Tab ............................................................................................. 6

.1.2 Streams Tab ............................................................................................. 7

.1.3 Pressure Flow Specs Tab ...................................................................... 12

.1.4 Unknown Sizing Tab .............................................................................. 14

.1.5 Other Specs Tab .................................................................................... 17

.1.6 User Items Tab ....................................................................................... 18

Equation Summary View ........................................................................... 21

.2.1 Summary Tab ......................................................................................... 22

.2.2 General Equations Tab .......................................................................... 23

.2.3 Unconverged Tab ................................................................................... 23

.2.4 Extra Variables Tab ................................................................................ 24

.2.5 Extra Specifications Tab......................................................................... 25

.2.6 Specified Equations Tab ........................................................................ 25

.2.7 General Variables Tab............................................................................ 26

.2.8 Specification Variables Tab .................................................................... 272-1

2-2

2-2

222

Dyntemp.book Page 2 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM.4.5 Analyzing a Schedule ............................................................................ 46

.4.6 Running a Schedule............................................................................... 48

.4.7 Event Scheduler Example...................................................................... 48

Dynamic Tools 2-3

Dyntemp.book Page 3 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM1SHIPPMRKETVSGIWWMRH]REQMGWMWEGSQTPI\IRHIEZSYV*VSQXLITIVWTIGXMZISJHIJMRMRKXLIQSHIP]SYQYWXGSRWMHIVTEVEQIXIVWWYGLEWZIWWIPLSPHYTWZEPZIWM^MRKERHYWISJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSR8SLIPTWMQTPMJ]XLMWTVSGIWW,=7=7LEWWIZIVEPH]REQMGXSSPW

8LIJMVWXSJXLIWIXSSPWMWXLI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERX8LI%WWMWXERXTVSZMHIWEXSSPJSVIEWMP]GSRZIVXMRKSPH,=7=7H]REQMGGEWIWXSTVIWWYVIJPS[H]REQMGWTVITEVMRKWXIEH]WXEXIGEWIWJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRF]IRWYVMRKXLEXEPPXLIGSVVIGXMRJSVQEXMSRMWWTIGMJMIHXLYWEZSMHMRKSZIVSVYRHIVWTIGMJMIHSVWMRKYPEVTVSFPIQW

8LI:MI[)UYEXMSRWXSSPTVSZMHIWERSXLIVQIERWSJEREP]^MRKGEWIWJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR8LMWXSSPTVSZMHIWEWYQQEV]SJXLIIUYEXMSRWERHZEVMEFPIWYWIHF]XLIWMQYPEXMSR[LIRVYRRMRKMRH]REQMGW&]EREP]^MRKXLIGEWIMXMWTSWWMFPIXSHIXIVQMRIMJXLIVIEVIVIUYMVIHSVVIHYRHERXTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW-RWSQIMRWXERGIWGEWIW[LMGLEVIVYRRMRKMRH]REQMGW[MPPJEMPXSGSRZIVKIMRXLMWGEWIXLI:MI[)UYEXMSRWXSSPGERFIYWIHXSLIPTHIXIVQMRI[LEXTEVXSJXLIWMQYPEXMSRMWGEYWMRKTVSFPIQW

8LI-RXIKVEXSVEPPS[W]SYXSGSRXVSPWSQISJXLIMRXIKVEXMSRTEVEQIXIVW[LMGLEVIYWIHF],=7=77MQTPITEVEQIXIVWWYGLEWXLIXMQIWXITSVXLIMRXIKVEXMSRWXSTXMQISVEHZERGIHTEVEQIXIVWWYGLEWXLII\IGYXMSRVEXIWSJXLIHMJJIVIRXFEPERGIWGERFIWIXJVSQXLMWXSSP3RGIEGEWIMWVYRRMRKMRH]REQMGWXLIGYVVIRXWMQYPEXMSRXMQIERHXLIVIEPXMQIJEGXSVQE]FIZMI[IH

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2-4 Dynamics Assistant

2-4

Dyntemp.book Page 4 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM (]REQMGW%WWMWXERX8LI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERXTVSZMHIWEUYMGOQIXLSHJSVIRWYVMRKXLEXEGSVVIGXWIXSJTVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWEVIYWIH8LI%WWMWXERXGERFIYWIH[LIRMRMXMEPP]TVITEVMRK]SYVGEWIJSVH]REQMGWSV[LIRVIEHMRKMRERSPH,=7=7\H]REQMGGEWI

8LI%WWMWXERXWTIGMJMIWXLIQMRMQYQEQSYRXSJMRJSVQEXMSRXLEX[MPPKYEVERXIIXLEXXLIGEWIMWRSXSZIVSVYRHIVWTIGMJMIHERHXLEXMXMWRSXWMRKYPEV-RXLIGEWISJEWMQTPIWITEVEXSV,=7=7[MPPEHHSRP]TVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWEWWLS[RMRXLIJMKYVIFIPS[

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Figure 2.1

8LI%WWMWXERXQEOIWrecommendationsJSVWTIGMJ]MRK]SYVQSHIPMRDynamicQSHI=SYHSRSXLEZIXSJSPPS[EPPXLIWYKKIWXMSRW-XMWVIGSQQIRHIHXLEX]SYEVIE[EVISJXLIIJJIGXWSJIEGLGLERKI]SYQEOI

Original Configuration Configuration and Pressure Flow Specifications after using Dynamics Assistant

Figure 2.2

Original Configuration Configuration and Pressure Flow Specifications after using Dynamics Assistant

Dynamic Tools 2-5

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Dyntemp.book Page 5 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM%PXLSYKLXLI4VIWWYVI*PS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWEHHIHF]XLI%WWMWXERXEVIEHIUYEXIJSVWXEVXMRKEGEWIMR(]REQMGWXLI]EVIRSXEP[E]WWYJJMGMIRXJSVHIXEMPIH(]REQMGQSHIPPMRK-RXLIGEWI[LIVIXLIVIEVIX[SYRMXSTIVEXMSRWXLEXHSRSXLEZIE4VIWWYVI*PS[VIPEXMSRWLMTGSRRIGXIHXSIEGLSXLIVXLI%WWMWXERX[MPPYWIE*PS[7TIGMJMGEXMSRSRXLIGSRRIGXMRKWXVIEQ*SVHIXEMPIH(]REQMGQSHIPPMRKEYRMXSTIVEXMSR[MXLE4VIWWYVI*PS[VIPEXMSRWLMTMISRISVQSVIZEPZIWERHETYQTWLSYPHFITPEGIHFIX[IIRXLIYRMXW

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Using the hot key combination of Selecting Dyn Assistant from the Tools Menu Bar Pressing the Dynamics Assistant button from the Equation

Summary View.

A Flow Specification warning from the Dynamics Assistant usually indicates that your model is missing some equipment.

Figure 2.3

Configuration of two units without Pressure Flow relationships when using the Dynamics Assistant.

Configuration of two units without Pressure Flow relationships when preparing for detailed Dynamic modelling.

e Dynamics Assistant tton is only available on the uation Summary view er the Full Analysis button s been pressed and if there problems with the case.2-5

2-6 Dynamics Assistant

2-6

If yreaDyrecTelexp

Dyntemp.book Page 6 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM +IRIVEP8EF

8LIGeneral XEFGSRXEMRWEWYQQEV]SJXLIGLERKIW[LMGL,=7=7LEWHIXIVQMRIHEVIVIUYMVIHJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR)EGLMXIQMRXLIPMWXLEWIMXLIVEKVIIRGLIGOQEVOSVEVIHD\PSGEXIHXSXLIVMKLXSJXLIMXIQMRHMGEXMRK[LIXLIVXLIGLERKI[MPPFIQEHI8LIGLIGOQEVOMRHMGEXIWXLEXXLIGLERKI[MPPFIQEHI[LMPIXLID\MRHMGEXIWXLEXXLIGLERKI[MPPRSXFIQEHI=SYGERXSKKPIFIX[IIRXLIX[SWXEXIWF]GPMGOMRKSRXLIGLIGOSVD\[MXLXLITVMQEV]QSYWIFYXXSR-J]SYIREFPIEGLERKI[LMGL,=7=7HMWEFPIHERHTVIWWXLIMake Changes FYXXSRERIVVSVQIWWEKI[MPPFIHMWTPE]IHMRHMGEXMRKXLITVSFPIQERHXLIGLERKI[MPPRSXFIQEHI

8LIAnalyze AgainFYXXSRGEYWIW,=7=7XSVIIZEPYEXIXLIWMQYPEXMSRGEWI8LMWMWTEVXMGYPEVP]YWIJYPMJ[LMPIXLI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERXMWSTIR]SYQEOIGLERKIWXSXLIGEWI[LMGLEJJIGXXLIWIXYTSJXLIWMQYPEXMSRJSVH]REQMGW

8LIMake ChangesFYXXSRGEYWIW,=7=7XSWXEVXQEOMRKEPPXLIPMWXIHGLERKIW[MXLMRXLI%WWMWXERX

Figure 2.4

ou do not understand the soning behind the namics Assistants ommendations select the l me why button for a brief lanation.

Dynamic Tools 2-7

Dyntemp.book Page 7 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 7XVIEQW8EF

4VIWWYVI7TIGW4EKI

8LIPressure SpecsTEKIPMWXWEPPXLIWXVIEQW[LMGL[MPPLEZITVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWIMXLIVEHHIHSVVIQSZIH8LIPMWXSJWXVIEQWMRXLIRemove pressure specifications in these streamsKVSYTGSVVIWTSRHWXSXLIWXVIEQW[LMGLGYVVIRXP]LEZITVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXXLI%WWMWXERXWYKKIWXW]SYVIQSZI7XVIEQWGSRXEMRIHMRXLISet pressure specifications in these streamsKVSYTEVIXLSWI[LIVIETVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRMWVIGSQQIRHIH

%WEVYPITVIWWYVIWTIGWWLSYPHFIEHHIHXSFSYRHEV]WXVIEQWERHRSXMRXIVREPWXVIEQW[LSWITVIWWYVIWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHF]XLIWYVVSYRHMRKIUYMTQIRX8LIWXVIEQWPMWXIHEWVIUYMVMRKTVIWWYVIWTIGWEVIXLSWI[LMGL[MPPRSXLEZIZEPZIWEHHIHXSXLIQ-JEZEPZIMWEHHIHXSEFSYRHEV]WXVIEQXLIZEPZISYXTYXWXVIEQMWEYXSQEXMGEPP]KMZIRETVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSR

-J]SYHSRSX[ERX,=7=7XSGLERKIXLITVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRJSVEWXVIEQPMWXIHMRIMXLIVKVSYTYRGLIGOXLIOKFS\JSVXLIKMZIRWXVIEQ8LMW[MPPTVIZIRX,=7=7JVSQQEOMRKXLITVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRGLERKIJSVXLIWXVIEQ8SZMI[EWXVIEQMRIMXLIVPMWXHSYFPIGPMGOSRXLIWXVIEQXSSTIRMXWTVSTIVX]ZMI[

Figure 2.52-7

2-8 Dynamics Assistant

2-8

Dyntemp.book Page 8 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM*PS[7TIGW4EKI

8LIFlow SpecsTEKIPMWXWEPPXLIWXVIEQW[LMGL[MPPLEZIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWIMXLIVEHHIHSVVIQSZIH8LIPMWXSJWXVIEQWMRXLIRemove flow specifications in these streamsKVSYTGSVVIWTSRHWXSXLIWXVIEQW[LMGLGYVVIRXP]LEZIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRW[LMGLEVIRSXVIGSQQIRHIHERH[MPPFIVIQSZIH7XVIEQWGSRXEMRIHMRXLISet flow specifications in these streamsKVSYTEVIXLSWI[LMGLVIUYMVIEJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSREWEXIQTSVEV]QIEWYVI

*PS[VEXIWWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHF]TVIWWYVIHMJJIVIRGIWSVIUYMTQIRXWYGLEWTYQTWERHGSQTVIWWSVW*SVWMQTPMGMX]XLI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERXQE]EHHJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWXSJIIHWXVIEQWMRWXIEHSJEHHMRKEHHMXMSREPIUYMTQIRX

-J]SYHSRSX[ERX,=7=7XSGLERKIXLIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRJSVEWXVIEQPMWXIHMRIMXLIVKVSYTYRGLIGOXLIOKFS\JSVXLIKMZIRWXVIEQ8LMW[MPPTVIZIRX,=7=7JVSQQEOMRKXLIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRGLERKIJSVXLIWXVIEQ8SZMI[EWXVIEQMRIMXLIVPMWXHSYFPIGPMGOSRXLIWXVIEQXSSTIRMXWTVSTIVX]ZMI[

Figure 2.6

Dynamic Tools 2-9

Dyntemp.book Page 9 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM9RMRMXMEPM^IH4EKI

8LIUninitializedTEKIGSRXEMRWXLIPMWXSJWXVIEQW[LMGLEVIRSXGSQTPIXIP]HIJMRIH*SV,=7=7XSMRMXMEPM^IER]WXVIEQWPMWXIHSRXLMWTEKI]SYQYWXFIMRDynamicQSHIYRMRMXMEPM^IHWXVIEQW[MPPRSXFIMRMXMEPM^IH[LIRMRSteady StateQSHIEWIWWEZIHMR,=7=7\H]REQMGWPEGOWXVIEQTLEWIMRJSVQEXMSR8LMWMRJSVQEXMSRGERFIVITPEGIHF]JPEWLMRKXLIWXVIEQWMRUYIWXMSR7[MXGLMRKFEGOXSWXIEH]WXEXIWSPZMRKXLIRVIXYVRMRKXS DynamicQSHI[MPPEPWSJM\XLIWIWXVIEQW7XVIEQW[MXLRSZEPYIW[MPPVIGIMZIMRMXMEPIWXMQEXIWJSVXIQTIVEXYVIERHTVIWWYVISJERHO4EVIWTIGXMZIP]

Figure 2.72-9

2-10 Dynamics Assistant

2-10

Dyntemp.book Page 10 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM-RWIVX:EPZIW4EKI

8LIInsert ValvesTEKIPMWXWXLIZEPZIW[LMGL,=7=7MRWIVXWXSIRWYVIXLITVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWEVIRSXWMRKYPEVMIXLITVIWWYVIJPS[QEXVM\MWYRWSPZEFPI,=7=7[MPPEXXIQTXXSEXXEGLZEPZIWXSFSYRHEV]WXVIEQWXLEXEVIGSRRIGXIHXSYRMXSTIVEXMSRW[MXLSYXTVIWWYVIJPS[JPS[TVSTSVXMSREPXSTVIWWYVIHMJJIVIRGIGETEFMPMX]8LISYXPIXWXVIEQJSVXLIZEPZI[MPPEYXSQEXMGEPP]FIEWWMKRIHETVIWWYVIWTIGMJMGEXMSR&SXLXLISYXPIXWXVIEQERHXLIZEPZIEHHIHF],=7=7EVIREQIHEGGSVHMRKXSXLISVMKMREPFSYRHEV]WXVIEQEZEPZIEXXEGLIHXSFSYRHEV]WXVIEQ[MPPFIREQIH:0:ERHXLISYXPIXWXVIEQ

Figure 2.8

%WMXYEXMSRQE]EVMWI[LIVIXLI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERX[MPPVIGSQQIRHXLIEHHMXMSRSJEZEPZISREWXVIEQ[LIVI]SYHSRSX[MWLEHHSRI-RXLMWGEWI]SYWLSYPHIRWYVIXLEXXLSWIWXVIEQWVIGIMZIIMXLIVE flowSVpressure specification

Dynamic Tools 2-11

Dyntemp.book Page 11 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM-RXIVREP*PS[7TIGW4EKI

8LIInternal Flow Specs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

Figure 2.92-11

2-12 Dynamics Assistant

2-12

Dyntemp.book Page 12 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 4VIWWYVI*PS[7TIGW8EF

4*ZIVWYW(44EKI

8LIPF versus DPTEKIPMWXWXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRW[LMGLGYVVIRXP]LEZIEWTIGMJMIHTVIWWYVIHVSTEWXLIH]REQMGWTIGMJMGEXMSR8LITVIWWYVIHVSTSTXMSRWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHFIGEYWIXLMWMWTL]WMGEPP]YRVIEPMWXMG1EXIVMEPJPS[MWHVMZIRF]TVIWWYVIHMJJIVIRGIWERHVIWMWXERGIWERHWXSTW[LIRXLITVIWWYVIWLEZIFIIRIUYEPM^IH%JM\IHTVIWWYVIHVSTWTIGMJMGEXMSRHSIWRSXEPPS[JSVXLMWTVSGIWW8LIOZEPYIWEVIGEPGYPEXIHFEWIHSRXLIMRMXMEPWTIGMJMIHTVIWWYVIHVST

-J]SYHSRSX[ERX,=7=7XSGLERKIXLITVIWWYVIHVSTWTIGMJMGEXMSRXSETVIWWYVIJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRWMQTP]YRGLIGOXLIOKFS\JSVXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSR(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIREQISJXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSR[MPPSTIRMXWTVSTIVX]ZMI[

Figure 2.10

Dynamic Tools 2-13

Dyntemp.book Page 13 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM02+4EKI

8LI LNGTEKIMRHMGEXIW[LMGL02+I\GLERKIVWEVIGYVVIRXP]WTIGMJMIH[MXLETVIWWYVIHVSTGSRJMKYVEXMSRSV[LMGL02+WEVIQMWWMRKOZEPYIWHITIRHMRKSRXLIH]REQMGVEXMRKQIXLSHGLSWIR4VIWWYVIHVSTWTIGMJMGEXMSRWWLSYPHFIGLERKIHXSIMXLIVTVIWWYVIJPS[IUYEXMSRWTIGMJMGEXMSRWOZEPYIWSVWYMXEFPITVIWWYVIHVSTGSVVIPEXMSRW

Figure 2.112-13

2-14 Dynamics Assistant

2-14

Dyntemp.book Page 14 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 9RORS[R7M^MRK8EF

:EPZIW4EKI

8LIValvesTEKIPMWXWXLIZEPZIW[LMGLEVIRSXWM^IH8LIGYVVIRXGSRHMXMSRWJSVXLIZEPZIEVIPMWXIHERHXLIGEPGYPEXIHZEPZIZFEWIHSRXLITVIWWYVIHVSTERHTIVGIRXSTIRMRKSJXLIZEPZIFSXLSJ[LMGLQE]FIGLERKIHHMVIGXP]SRXLITEKI&]HIJEYPXER]ZEPZIZZEPYIW[LMGLEVIGEPGYPEXIHXSFIPIWWXLEREVIHIJEYPXIHXS

-XMWTSWWMFPIXSGLERKIER]SJXLIWM^MRKHEXEJSVXLIZEPZI8LIZZEPYI[MPPFIYTHEXIHFEWIHSRER]GLERKIWXLEXEVIQEHI-J]SYGLERKIZXLIRI[ZEPYI[MPPFIEHHIHXSXLIZEPZI[LIRXLIMake ChangesFYXXSRMWTVIWWIH

-J]SYHSRSX[ERX,=7=7XSWM^IEZEPZIYRGLIGOXLIOKFS\JSVXLIZEPZI

Figure 2.12

Dynamic Tools 2-15

Dyntemp.book Page 15 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM:SPYQIW4EKI

8LIVolumesTEKIPMWXWXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRW[LMGLLEZIYRORS[RZSPYQIW9RMXW[LMGLRIIHZSPYQIWMRGPYHI7ITEVEXSVWVIKYPEVTLEWIERHXEROWGSRHIRWIVWVIFSMPIVWVIEGXSVWLIEXI\GLERKIVWEMVGSSPIVWGSSPIVWERHLIEXIVW8LIYRORS[RZSPYQIWEVIGEPGYPEXIHFEWIHSRXLIGYVVIRXJPS[GSRHMXMSRWERHXLIWTIGMJMIHVIWMHIRGIXMQI

Figure 2.132-15

2-16 Dynamics Assistant

2-16

Fvp1E

Dyntemp.book Page 16 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMOZEPYIW4EKI

8LI k valuesTEKIPMWXWYRMXWJSV[LMGLXLIkZEPYIMWYRORS[R8LIMRJSVQEXMSRVIUYMVIHXSGEPGYPEXIXLIOZEPYIMWPMWXIHEPSRK[MXLXLIGYVVIRXGEPGYPEXIHkZEPYI9RMX[LMGLGERLEZIDkZEPYIWMRGPYHILIEXIVWGSSPIVWLIEXI\GLERKIVWEMVGSSPIVWERHZEPZIW

-J]SYHSRSX[ERX,=7=7XSGEPGYPEXIEkZEPYIYRGLIGOXLIOKFS\JSVXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSR

Figure 2.14

or more information on k alues or other pressure flow arameters, consult Chapter .3.2 - Basic Pressure Flow quations.

Dynamic Tools 2-17

Dyntemp.book Page 17 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 3XLIV7TIGW8EF

8LIMisc TEKIHMWTPE]WXLIH]REQMGWTIGMJMGEXMSRW[LMGLEVIRSXFEWIHSRWM^MRKIUYMTQIRXEHHMRKZEPZIWSVEHHMRKTVIWWYVIERHJPS[WTIGW7SQII\EQTPIWSJXLIX]TIWSJGLERKIW[LMGLQE]FIQEHIEVIPMWXIHFIPS[

Pump delta P specs removed Pump power spec activated Mixer equal pressure option active Compressor power spec activated Expander power spec activated

Figure 2.152-17

2-18 Dynamics Assistant

2-18

Dyntemp.book Page 18 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 9WIV-XIQW8EF

1YPXMTPISRRIGXMSRW4EKI

8LIMultiple ConnectionsTEKIPMWXWER]WXVIEQW[LMGLEVIYWIHMRQYPXMTPIGSRRIGXMSRW7XVIEQW[LMGLEVIEXXEGLIHEWJIIHWSVTVSHYGXWXSQYPXMTPIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWEVIRSXEPPS[IHMRH]REQMGWWMRGIXLI]VITVIWIRXTL]WMGEPP]MQTSWWMFPIWMXYEXMSRW=SYQYWXQEOIER]GLERKIWPMWXIHLIVIXLI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERXHSIWRSXGSVVIGXER]QYPXMTPIGSRRIGXMSRIVVSVW

Figure 2.16

Dynamic Tools 2-19

Dyntemp.book Page 19 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PMSRJPMGXW4EKI

8LIConflictsTEKIPMWXWER]WXVIEQW[LMGLLEZIXLIMVJPS[WHMVIGXP]GSRXVSPPIHF]GSRXVSPPIVW-XEPWSPMWXWWXVIEQW[LMGLHSRSXGSRXEMRJPS[WTIGMJMGEXMSRSVLEZIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWXLEXXLI%WWMWXERXVIGSQQIRHW]SYVIQSZI%PXLSYKLXLMWMWEPPS[IHMR,=7=7MXMWVIGSQQIRHIHXLEXEZEPZIFITPEGIHMRXLIWXVIEQXSGSRXVSPXLIJPS[-JMXMWHIWMVIHXSHMVIGXP]GSRXVSPXLIJPS[SJXLIWXVIEQERSXLIVWTIGMJMGEXMSRW[MPPRIIHXSFIHMWEFPIH8LMWQIXLSHGERGEYWIWMRKYPEVWSPYXMSRMRXLI*PS[WLIIX

=SYGERSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVEKMZIRYRMXSTIVEXMSRF]HSYFPIGPMGOMRKSRMXWREQI

Figure 2.172-19

2-20 Dynamics Assistant

2-20

Dyntemp.book Page 20 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM9RMX3TIVEXMSRW4EKI

8LIUnit OperationsTEKIPMWXWER]YRMXSTIVEXMSRWMRXLIGEWI[LMGLEVIRSXWYTTSVXIHMRH]REQMGW8LIWIYRMXSTIVEXMSRWWLSYPHFIIMXLIVHIPIXIHVITPEGIH[MXLEWYMXEFPIYRMXSTIVEXMSR[LMGLMWWYTTSVXIHMRH]REQMGWSVHMWGSRRIGXIHJVSQXLIEGXMZIJPS[WLIIXERHMKRSVIH

=SYGERSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVEKMZIRYRMXSTIVEXMSRF]HSYFPIGPMGOMRKSRMXWREQI

Figure 2.18

Dynamic Tools 2-21

Yvbn

Dyntemp.book Page 21 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM-KRSVIH3TIVW4EKI

8LIIgnored OpersTEKIPMWXWER]YRMXSTIVEXMSRW[LMGLEVIGYVVIRXP]MKRSVIH=SYRIIHXSJM\ER]TVSFPIQWPMWXIHSRXLMWTEKIEWXLI(]REQMGW%WWMWXERXGERRSXJM\XLIQ-JERMKRSVIHYRMXSTIVEXMSRWLSYPHRSXFIMKRSVIHYRGLIGOXLIMKRSVIHFS\JSVXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSR-J]SYHSMRHIIH[MWLXLEXEYRMXSTIVEXMSRRSXFIMRGPYHIHMRXLIH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSRdisconnectMXJVSQXLIEGXMZIJPS[WLIIX

)UYEXMSR7YQQEV]:MI[

8LIEquation Summary ZMI[MWEGGIWWIHF]WIPIGXMRKView Equations JVSQXLISimulation QIRY

Figure 2.19

ou can open the property iew for a given unit operation y double clicking on its ame.2-21

2-22 Equation Summary View

2-22

Dyntemp.book Page 22 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 7YQQEV]8EF

8LISummaryXEFGSRXEMRWMRJSVQEXMSR[LMGLGERLIPT]SYMRJMRHMRK[LIVIXLIVIEVIWTIGMJMGEXMSRTVSFPIQWMR]SYVGEWI8LIGeneral ResultsKVSYTGSRXEMRWEWYQQEV]SJXLIRYQFIVSJIUYEXMSRWERHZEVMEFPIWXLEXEVIMRXLIGEWI8LIKVSYTFS\XSXLIVMKLXGSRXEMRWMRJSVQEXMSRVIKEVHMRKXLIKIRIVEPWXEXYWSJXLIGEWI-JXLIVIEVITVSFPIQW[MXLXLIWTIGMJMGEXMSRWWSQIFEWMGMRJSVQEXMSRMWTVSZMHIHLIVI-J]SYSTIREquation Summary ZMI[JVSQXLI1IRY&EVXLISummary XEFMRMXMEPP]GSRXEMRWEWMRKPIFYXXSRFull Analysis4VIWWMRKXLMWFYXXSRGEYWIW,=7=7XSEREP]^IXLIMRJSVQEXMSRWTIGMJMIHTVIWWYVIJPS[TEVEQIXIVWXSHIXIVQMRIMJXLIVIEVIIRSYKLWTIGMJMGEXMSRWJSVXLITVSFPIQ-J,=7=7HIXIVQMRIWETVSFPIQXLIDynamics AssistantFYXXSR[MPPFIGSQIZMWMFPIERHXLIPartitioned AnalysisFYXXSRQE]FIGSQIZMWMFPI8LIFull Analysis ERHPartitioned Analysis YWIHMJJIVIRXQIXLSHWSJEREP]^MRKTVIWWYVIJPS[TEVEQIXIVW

-REHHMXMSRWLSYPH,=7=7HIXIGXER]TVSFPIQWXLIUnconvergedXEF[MPPFIVITPEGIH[MXLEExtra VarsSVExtra SpecsXEFHITIRHMRKSRXLIREXYVISJXLIWTIGMJMGEXMSRTVSFPIQ

Figure 2.20

Dynamic Tools 2-23

Dyntemp.book Page 23 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM +IRIVEP)UYEXMSRW8EF8LIGeneral EqnsXEFGSRXEMRWEPMWXSJEPPXLIIUYEXMSRW[LMGL[MPPFIYWIHF]XLIMRXIKVEXSV8LIRYQFIVSJIUYEXMSRWGSVVIWTSRHWXSXLIZEPYIKMZIRMRXLINumber of EquationsGIPPSRXLISummaryXEF

(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIEquationsGIPPJSVER]KMZIRIUYEXMSR[MPPSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLEXIUYEXMSR(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwnerGIPP[MPPSTIRXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQXLEXXLIIUYEXMSRMWEXXEGLIHXS

9RGSRZIVKIH8EF

Figure 2.21

Figure 2.222-23

2-24 Equation Summary View

2-24

Dyntemp.book Page 24 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM-JERIVVSVSGGYVW[LMPIXLIMRXIKVEXSVMWVYRRMRK4VIWWYVI*PS[WSPZIVJEMPIHXSGSRZIVKI]SYGERZMI[XLIIUYEXMSRWXLEXLEHWSPZIHYTXSXLITSMRXSJJEMPYVI4VIWWMRKXLIUpdate Sorted ListFYXXSRGEYWIW,=7=7XSVIZIEPXLIX]TISJIUYEXMSRWPSGEXMSRERHWGEPIHIVVSVEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIYRGSRZIVKIHRSHIWMRXLIJPS[WLIIX;LIRXVSYFPIWLSSXMRK]SYVWMQYPEXMSRMXMWFIWXXSFIKMREXXLIXSTSJXLIIUYEXMSRPMWX8LIWIIUYEXMSRWGSRXEMR0EVKIWX)VVSVERHXLIVIJSVIKMZIXLIKVIEXIWXMRWMKLXMRXSGSVVIGXMRKXLIWMQYPEXMSR

)\XVE:EVMEFPIW8EF

;LIRXLIFull Analysis SV Partitioned AnalysisFYXXSRWEVITVIWWIH,=7=7HIXIVQMRIWXLEXRSXIRSYKLWTIGMJMGEXMSRW[IVIORS[RERHXLIExtra VarsXEFMWEHHIHXSXLIEquation SummaryZMI[8LMWZMI[WLS[WTSWWMFPIZEVMEFPIWXLEXQE]FIQMWWMRKJVSQXLIGEWI(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIVariableGIPP[MPPSTIRXLIVariableTVSTIVX]ZMI[(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwner GIPP[MPPSTIRXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQXLEXQE]VIUYMVIXLIQMWWMRKZEVMEFPI

Figure 2.23

Dynamic Tools 2-25

Dyntemp.book Page 25 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM )\XVE7TIGMJMGEXMSRW8EF

;LIRXLIFull Analysis SV Partitioned AnalysisFYXXSRWEVITVIWWIH,=7=7HIXIVQMRIWXLEXXSSQER]WTIGMJMGEXMSRW[IVIORS[RERHXLIExtra SpecsXEFMWEHHIHXSXLIEquation SummaryZMI[(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIEquationsGIPP[MPPSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLIIUYEXMSR(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwnerGIPP[MPPSTIRXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQXLEXQE]GSRXEMRXLII\XVEWTIGMJMGEXMSR

7TIGMJMIH)UYEXMSRW8EF

Figure 2.24

Figure 2.252-25

2-26 Equation Summary View

2-26

Dyntemp.book Page 26 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LISpec EqnsXEFGSRXEMRWEPMWXSJXLIWTIGMJMIHIUYEXMSRWMRXLIGEWI(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIEquationsGIPP[MPPSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLIIUYEXMSR[LMPIHSYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwnerGIPP[MPPSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQXLEXYWIWXLIIUYEXMSR8LIType GIPPHMWTPE]WXLIX]TISJWTIGMJMIHIUYEXMSRWYGLEWPressure Balance EquationSVFlow Balance Equation.

+IRIVEP:EVMEFPIW8EF

8LIGeneral VarsXEFGSRXEMRWXLIPMWXSJZEVMEFPIWFIMRKYWIHF]XLIMRXIKVEXSVJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR8LMWRYQFIVGSVVIWTSRHWXSXLIRYQFIVHMWTPE]IHMRXLINumber of VariablesGIPPSRXLISummaryXEF(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIVariableGIPPSTIRWXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLEXTEVXMGYPEVZEVMEFPI

Figure 2.26

Dynamic Tools 2-27

Dyntemp.book Page 27 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 7TIGMJMGEXMSR:EVMEFPIW8EF

8LISpecs VarsXEFGSRXEMRWXLIPMWXSJWTIGMJMIHZEVMEFPIWFIMRKYWIHF]XLIMRXIKVEXSVJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR8LMWRYQFIVGSVVIWTSRHWXSXLIRYQFIVHMWTPE]IHMRXLIUser Spec VarsGIPPSRXLISummaryXEF(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIVariableGIPPSTIRWXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLITEVXMGYPEVZEVMEFPI

-RXIVREP7TIGMJMGEXMSR)UYEXMSRW8EF

Figure 2.27

Figure 2.282-27

2-28 Equation Summary View

2-28

Dyntemp.book Page 28 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM8LIInterSpecEqnsXEFGSRXEMRWXLIPMWXSJ-RXIVREP7TIGMJMGEXMSR)UYEXMSRW[LMGLEVIYWIHF]XLIMRXIKVEXSVJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIEquationsGIPPSTIRWXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLIIUYEXMSR[LMPIHSYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwnerGIPPSTIRWXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIIUYEXMSR

-RXIVREP7TIGMJMGEXMSRW:EVMEFPIW8EF

8LIInterSpecVarsXEFGSRXEMRWXLIPMWXSJ-RXIVREP7TIGMJMGEXMSR:EVMEFPIW[LMGLEVIYWIHF]XLIMRXIKVEXSVJSVH]REQMGWMQYPEXMSR(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIVariablesGIPPSTIRWXLIZEVMEFPITVSTIVX]ZMI[[LMPIHSYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwnerGIPPSTIRWXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQJVSQ[LMGLXLIZEVMEFPIMWXEOIR

Figure 2.29

Dynamic Tools 2-29

Dyntemp.book Page 29 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM 7MQYPXERISYW)UYEXMSRW8EF

8LI7MQYPXERISYW)UYEXMSRWSimulEqnsXEFPMWXWXLIIUYEXMSRW[LMGLEVIWSPZIHWMQYPXERISYWP]F]XLIMRXIKVEXSV(SYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIEquationsGIPP[MPPSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLIIUYEXMSR[LMPIHSYFPIGPMGOMRKSRXLIOwnerGIPP[MPPSTIRXLITVSTIVX]ZMI[JSVXLIYRMXSTIVEXMSRSVWXVIEQXLEXYWIWXLIIUYEXMSR8LIType GIPPHMWTPE]WXLIX]TISJWTIGMJMIHIUYEXMSRWYGLEWPressure Balance EquationSVFlow Balance Equation.

Figure 2.302-29

2-30 Integrator

2-30

Dyntemp.book Page 30 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM -RXIKVEXSV

8LI-RXIKVEXSVMWYWIH[LIRVYRRMRKEGEWIMRDynamicQSHI=SYGEREGGIWWXLI-RXIKVEXSVZMI[JVSQXLISimulationQIRYSVF]YWMRKXLILSXOI]

,=7=7TPERXWSPZIWEPPIUYEXMSRWYWMRKXLIJYPP]MQTPMGMX)YPIVMRXIKVEXMSRQIXLSH3RXLIIntegratorZMI[ZEVMSYWMRXIKVEXMSRTEVEQIXIVWGERFIWTIGMJMIH

+IRIVEP8EF8LIGeneral XEFLEWXLVIIKVSYTFS\IW[LMGLGSRXEMRXLIXMQITEVEQIXIVWJSVXLIMRXIKVEXSV8LIIntegration ControlKVSYTLEWXLIGSRXVSPWJSV[LIXLIVXLIMRXIKVEXMSRMWAutomaticSVManual1ERYEPMRXIKVEXMSRPIXW]SYWTIGMJ]XLIRYQFIVSJXMQIWXITW[LMGL,=7=7[MPPI\IGYXI3RGIXLIMRXIKVEXSVLEWI\IGYXIHXLIRYQFIVSJXMQIWXITWXLIMRXIKVEXSV[MPPRSXWXSTFYXVIQEMRMRELSPHMRKQSHI-JEHHMXMSREPXMQIWXITWEVIIRXIVIHXLIMRXIKVEXSV[MPPGSRXMRYIMRXIKVEXMSRJSVXLIKMZIRRYQFIVSJXMQIWXITW

Figure 2.31

Dynamic Tools 2-31

Dyntemp.book Page 31 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 12:09 PM-RXIKVEXMSR8MQI+VSYT

8LIIntegration TimeKVSYTGSRXEMRWXLIJSPPS[MRKTEVEQIXIVW

-RXIKVEXMSR7XIT7M^I+VSYT

8LIIntegration Step SizeKVSYTGSRXEMRW

Parameter Description

Units Selects the time units for the Current Time, End Time, and Display Interval fields.

Current Time

Displays the time that the Integrator h