Dynamical control of ozone transport and Dynamical control of ozone transport and

chemistry from satellite observations and CCMschemistry from satellite observations and CCMs

Mark Weber1, Ingo Wohltmann2, Veronika Eyring3, Markus Rex2,

Sandip Dhomse1, Folkard Wittrock1, and Martin Dameris3

(1)Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen, Bremen(2)Alfred-Wegner Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam

(3)Institute of Atmospheric Physics, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen

Visit also Poster 4a-4 Wohltmann et al.

Mark.Weber@uni-bremen.deWorkshop Process-oriented Validation of GCMs, Garmisch-Partenkrichen, 16-19 Nov 2003

Overview

Diagnostics:

Planetary wave driving and total ozone (OClO)

Data sources:

GOME (O3 and OClO), TOMS, TOMS-SBUV merged dataset,

sondes

Met Analyses: ERA40, NCEP, UKMO

Topics:

Planetary wave driving and ozone/temperature (introduction)

Tropospheric forcing and winter ozone gain

Dynamical control of summer ozone

Chlorine activation/chemical ozone loss (polar vortex)

Annual cycle in total ozone

Annual cycle in total ozone

Interannual variability

Winter/spring ozone

Photochem. summer decay

Photochem. summer decay

GOME 1996-2002

r= 0.74

Tro

pic

s -d

O3/d

t [D

U/m

onth

]

Ozone tendency in tropics and high latitudes

after Fusco & Salby, 1999, Randel et al. 2002

K

Temperature and zonal winds

Cold tropical lowermost

stratosphere/tropopause cold polar vortex

Strong polar jet

Link between T variability in tropics to planetary wave driving (Yulaeva et al. 1994) Link between planetary wave driving and Arctic T variability (Newmann et al. 2001)

EP (Heat) Flux and Residual Circulation

ozoneproduction

cold/warm winters heterogenous/gasphase

chemistry

Meridional circulation ~2-4 y

EP (heat) fluxPlanetary scale

wave activityExtratropical Pump

Brewer-Dobson circulation

Residual circulation

Ozone & T variabilitychemistry/transport

EP (Heat) Flux and Residual Circulation

Annual cycle of GOME and E39/C TOZ

NH

SH

SH

Tropospheric forcing and spring/fall ozone ratio

GOME ozone ratio

50°-90°

Sep over Mar (SH)

Mar over Sep (NH)

Winter heat flux

43°-70°

100 mbar

Sep-Mar (Mar-Sep) integrated and averaged

SH anomaly 2002 Cold Arctic winter/spring seasons

Weber et al. 2003

See Poster (Wohltmann et al.) for other met analyses and TOMS data

+5 m +6 m

+8 m

+7 m

spring/fall ratio for different months

+10 m

+11 m

+9 m

+ 1 y

Ozone winter gain and summer transition

ERA40 vs UKMO

Interannual variability of winter heat flux correlates well with winter ozone gain

Winter heat flux higher in ERA40 (too much transport)

E39/C vs GOME

lower interannual variability in winter (NH)

weaker wave driving in SH (cold bias?)

Photochemical decay about 3m (>50°N) and 2.5 m (>62°N)

Good agreement between GOME and E39/C

33

[ ][ ]/

d OO

dt

Early 80s vs. late nineties

Correlation with ERA40 in early 80s and SH very poor

ERA40

EP-Flux and polar ozone

TOMS/SBUV O3:

March 65°-70°N

NCEP EP-Flux:

15 Nov -28 Mar

100hPa

45°-75°N

1 98 0 1 98 5 1 99 0 1 99 5 2 00 0-0 .2

0

0 .2

Ye a r

EP

Flu

x [1

05 k

g/s

2 ]

r = 0 .7 4

1 98 0 1 98 5 1 99 0 1 99 5 2 00 0-5 0

-2 5

0

2 5

5 0

Ozo

ne

Col

um

n [D

U]

T O M S /S B U V O z o ne a n d N C E P E P flu x

r=0.74

Lower correlation (0.69) in 80s less O3 change for a given EP flux anomaly

Higher correlation (0.84) in 90s more ozone transport for a given EP flux

anomaly

Tropospheric forcing and chlorine activation

OClO

BrO+ClO –> OClO + O

Measured in twilight inside the polar vortex

Maximum vertical column at 90° solar zenith angle integrated over the winter

Below 92°SZA OClO is a measure of chlorine activation

UKMO Weber et al. 2003

High chlorine activation persisted during SH anomaly 2002

Dynamical control of chemical ozone loss

-0 ,2 0 0 ,2 -0 ,2 0 0 ,2

Dyna m ic a lsup p ly

C hem ic a llo ss

To ta l c ha ng e

20 0

10 0

0

-10 0

E P -flu x a no m a ly[10 5 kg s 2 ]

E P -flux a no m a ly[10 5 kg s 2 ]

Cha

nge

of to

tal o

zone

col

umn

durin

gw

inte

r[D

U] 20 0

10 0

0

-10 0

EP-Flux Anomaly

[105 kg /s2]

Dec

-Mar

tot

al o

zone

cha

nge

[DU

]

See Poster (Wohltmann et al.) for detrailed transport & chemistry diagnostics of E39/C and ERA40

Sonde total columns

NH pol. vortex average

Chemical depleted column

Dec-Mar difference

Corrected for diabatic descent

Dynamical supply

Observed minus chemical depeleted column

Summary & Conclusion

Compact relationship between winter ozone gain and seasonal heat flux for both hemispheres (late nineties/early 2000)

Connection between chlorine activation/chemical loss to planetary wave driving can be explored

Summer ozone levels are tied to wave activity of the previous winter (see also Fioletov et al. 2003)

Met. Analyses

good measure of interannual variability

differences in strength of high latitude ozone transport varies (ERA40 higher than NCEP/UKMO)

Correlations between wave driving & ozone particularly well in 90s

E39/C (and possibly other CCMs)

less interannual variability in winter

Summer bias of 20% to observations at mid- to high latitude

No summer minimum in SHData still to be explored: GOME NO2 and ENVISAT