Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Power System with MPPT under ... · Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Power System with MPPT under Fast Varying of Solar Radiation . 1T.Vijay Muni, Asst Prof.,

Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Power System with

MPPT under Fast Varying of Solar Radiation

1T.Vijay Muni, Asst Prof., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, India

2G. Sai Sri Vidya, Student Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, India

3N. Rini Susan, Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, India

Abstract:

Generally, Photovoltaic and Wind energy systems are need of the hour from electrical

energy system point of view. This paper also proposes the concept of hybrid grid energy

system which consists of PV as well as other renewable energy sources such as wind, Fuel

and ultra-capacitor based systems. In this paper an Incremental Conductance based MPPT

technique is proposed in order to control the solar Power. The performance of this hybrid

system is observed by simulation case study demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed

system.

Introduction:

At present, by far most of imperativeness demand on the planet relies on upon fossil

powers, for instance, petroleum, coal, and trademark gas that are being exhausted brisk. One

of the real outrageous issues of a perilous climatic devation is one of these invigorates start

things, carbon dioxide; these are achieving remarkable hazard for life on our planet [1]. Fossil

powers can have as a choice some renewable imperativeness sources like daylight based,

wind, biomass, consequently; among them on the wind essentialness system which changes

over the twist imperativeness into power, as it were, used as a piece of low power

applications. The wind generator is chosen for its positive concentrations including being

sans carbon and boundless; likewise, it doesn't realize bustle for it is without moving parts

and with size-independent electric change profitability [2].

Coincidentally, the power delivered by a wind imperativeness system is affected by

atmosphere conditions; for example, at stormy or in cloudy periods, it would not make any

power or application. Moreover, it is difficult to store the power made by a twist system for

quite a while later. The best procedure to beat this issue is to arrange the twist generator with

other power sources, for instance, PV, Electrolyzer, hydrogen stockpiling tank, FC structure,

or battery on account of their incredible components, for instance, high viability response,

measured creation, and fuel versatility [3, 4]. This paper concentrates on building up a

recreation model to plan and size the half and half framework for an assortment of stacking

and meteorological conditions. This reenactment model is performed utilizing Matlab and

SimPower Systems and results are displayed to confirm the adequacy of the proposed

framework. The proposed framework associated half and half vitality era framework is

appeared in figure 1.

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 1 (2017) © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

530

Fig 1: Configuration of proposed grid connected hybrid system

Wind Turbine

Wind turbines square measure classified into two types 5: Horizontal and Vertical axis. A vertical axis

machine has its blades rotating on AN axis perpendicular to the bottom. There square measure variety of

obtainable styles for each and every kind has bound benefits and downsides.

Figure 2: Basic diagram of wind turbine

PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY MODELING:

In the PV network of electrical phenomenon, cell is the necessary part. For the raise in appropriate

current, high power and potential difference, the sunlight dependent cells and their region unit joined in non-

current or parallel fashion called as PV exhibit are used. In practical applications, each and every cell is similar

to diode with the intersection designed by the semiconductor material. When the light weight is absorbed by the

electrical marvel sway at the point of intersection, it gives the streams at once. The (current-voltage) and

(Power-Voltage) attributes at absolutely unpredictable star intensities of the PV exhibit are represented in figure

3, whereas the often seen existence of most electrical outlet on each yield is shown in power diagram 2.

I = Iph – ID -Ish (1)

I=Iph –Io [exp (q V D / nKT)] – (vD /RS) (2)

Fig 2: PV Electrical Equivalent circuit

Solar cell output power is given as the product of V and I


531

Fig 3: Response of output characteristics of PV Array

a. INC MPPT Technique:

In this technique the change of PV voltage can be obtained with respect to MPP voltage peak power.

Figure 4 shows the PV power curve for incremental conductance method.

Figure 4. Characteristics of PV Power Vs Voltage under INC method

The relation for conductance in incremental and instantaneous can be expressed in three cases:

Figure 5: INC MPPT flow chart

The power expression,

P = V ∗ I

Differentiate the power equation with PV terminal voltage,

v

VI

v

p

)(


532

At MPP,

0

v

p

The modified equation expressed as:

V

I

V

I

This MPPT technique controls PWM signal for boost converter until (dI/dV) + (I/V) = 0 is obtained.

Figure 5 shows the INC MPPT flow chart.

Modified Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm

MODELING OF FUEL CELL

For fuel cells the electrochemical procedure begins at anode side, at the anode side

stream plate channels brings H2 particles. Impetus in anode isolates hydrogen on protons H+

through film that proton go to cathode and over outer electrical circuit the electrons that go to

cathode. By utilizing of impetus at the cathode oxygen is joined with hydrogen protons and

electrons for development of H2O and warmth. This response is communicated in underneath

conditions [9]

)(222

1

)(2

22

22

CathodeOHeHO

AnodeeOHH

)]ln(5.0)[ln( 22 POPHRTgg fcfo

g

FE

gf

2


533

Electron-proton chemical bonds formation and breaking are the result by Cathode and

anode activation losses, at zero current through membrane hydrogen proton migration is

causes by the parasitic electrochemical reactions. The fuel cell voltage drop is expressed as

)1( 1

0

iC

aact eVVV

Fuel Cell Equivalent Electric Circuit

Figure 9 equivalent circuit for fuel cell system

iR

RRsc

RREV

iRR

V

dt

dVC

iRVEV

ohm

concact

concact

fc

concact

CC

ohmcfc

1

Electrolyzer:

The main purpose of electrolyzer is to decompose the electrical current into water molecules

such as hydrogen and oxygen. From Faraday's law, the hydrogen production rate in particular

associated electrolyzer cell is generally proportional to electrodes electrons transfer rate [11] [12], the

expression for hydrogen production is expressed in below equation and shown in figure 10

𝑛𝐻2=

𝐹.𝑛𝑛.𝑖𝑒

2𝐹

Here, faraday efficiency is defined as relation between theoretical and actual values of

hydrogen produced in electrolyzer. Let us consider the electrolyzer operating temperature is 40°C,

efficiency of Faraday is expressed by:

𝐹

= 96.5 [𝑒0.09

𝑖𝑒−

75.5

𝑖𝑒2

]


534

× 1

1

Delay

Gain

Product 2

Divide

2

0.09

75.5

- e

u

×

×

×

2

96.5

U2

×

÷

×

÷

×

÷

U2

Divide 2

Constant 2

Main Function 1

Product 1

Function

Constant 1

Gain 1

Constant 2

Math function

Faraday Efficiency

Divide 1

1

+

Generated H2

ln 1

ln 2

Figure 10: Block Diagram for Electrolyzer

Results and discussion:

Fig : I-V Graph

Fig : P-V Graph

Fig 8.3: Simulation Diagram of Hybrid Power System

+ -

wind

Discrete,Ts = 2e-005 s.

powergui

g + *

battery

g A B C

+ -

g A B C

+ -

g A B C

+ -

g A B C

+ -

A B C

a b c

A B C

1 2

1 2

A

B

C

LOAD

+ _

Fuel cell

Iabc

Vabc

pfc

H2

ppv

wpv

Pulses

PulsesPulses

Pulses

1


535

Fig 8.3: Hybrid Power System output powers (a) Wind Power (b) Solar Power, (c) Hydrogen (d) Fuel Cell

Power

Fig 8.3: Simulation Diagram of Proposed Circuit

Fig 8.4: With normal INC-Conductance Method(a) Irradiance, (b) Solar Voltage (c) Solar Current (d) Solar

Power

Fig 8.4: With Modified INC-Conductance Method(a) Irradiance, (b) Solar Voltage (c) Solar Current (d) Solar

Power

Discrete,Ts = 5e-005 s.

powergui

v+-

v+-

Signal 2

Signal Builder

Scope2

Scope1

R-Load

Product

Ir

m

+

-

PV Array

MPPT

MPPT

L1

250.00

Irradiance

(W/m^2)

g CE

IGBT1Vdc

[I_PV]

Goto3

m_PV

[V_PV]

Goto1

Vdc

From4

[D]

From3[V_PV]

[I_PV]

m_PV

From

18.89

Display

Diode1

i+

-

<V_PV>

<I_PV>


536

CONCLUSION

The adequacy of disengaged power frameworks are assessed in MATLAB PC condition. The

framework considered is twist alongside PV and fuel cells to meet the heap which is

profoundly worthwhile for remote and distant burdens. It is watched that the proposed design

is minimal effort and having less many-sided quality. The brace is used to supply to the

neglected power request by the disconnected power frameworks on the off chance that they

are associated with the brace. All in all, the execution of segregated framework is better and

monetarily valuable to the clients everywhere and is exceptionally successful for provincial

zones to meet remote burdens.

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[7] Tazvinga, H., Xia, X., & Zhang, J. (2013). Minimum cost solution of photovoltaic–

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Documents

Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Power System with MPPT under ... · Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Power System with MPPT under Fast Varying of Solar Radiation . 1T.Vijay Muni, Asst Prof.,