Dwidp inovation 1

Disaster Risk Reduction Innovation and Excellence.

R.P Adhikary,

SDE, Department of Water Induced Disaster

Prevention

Outline of Presentation

• Background of Country

• Types of Water Induced Disaster in Nepal

• Average annual losses by Water Induced Disaster

• Innovation

Background

• Geological Formation of Nepal• The plate Tectonic theory• Nepal posses more than 6,000 rivers

draining about 225 BMC of water annually• High temporal and spatial variation in

runoff and rainfall• High instantaneous flood due to high

intensity rainfall up to 350 mm/day

Formation of Himalayas

50 million years ago Plate movement

4

Formation of HimalayasIndian plate collided with Tibetan plate Formation of Mt. Everest

5

Variation of altitude with respect to distance

Types of Water Induced Disaster in Nepal

• GLOF, Monsoon Flood, Flash Flood• Landslide and Debris flow- Fall, Slides, Topples,

debris flow• Shifting, meandering, widening and braiding,

scour bank erosion and under cutting and inundation of lower Terai during monsoon, and siltation along the farm land.

List of GLOF events in Nepal Source-ICIMOD

Date River Basin Lake Cause of GLOF

Losses

450 yrs ago Seti khola Machhaphure MoraineCollapse

Pokhara valley coveredBy 50-60m debris.

23 June1980 Tamor Nagma pokhari

Moraine collapse

Village destroyed

3 Sept 1988 Dudha koshi Tampokhari Ice avalanche Human lives &Properties.

Glacial lake identified as potentially dangerous ICIMOD

River basin Glacier number Lake Area-Sq m Potentially dangerous-No

Koshi River 1062 25.09 16

Gandaki River 338 12.05 4

Karnali River 907 37.67 0

Mahakali River 16 0.38 0

Debris flow 1993 e.g. Debris flow at Phedigaon, Palung

Koshi Flood 2008

135425168850 167000

26000

Before Breach After Breach

Chatara

Barrage

80 % Flood Flow80 % Flood Flow20 % Flood Flow20 % Flood Flow

S.N People Death (no) 300

1 People Injured (no) 67

2 Livestock Loss (no) 2,365

3 Houses Destroyed (no) 6,445

4 Affected Family (no) 21,377

5 Land Affected (ha) 4,148

6 Estimate Loss (Mill. NRs) 626

Annual Average Flood and Landslide Disaster

Major Activities of DWIDP

• Settlement and agricultural

land protection

• Infrastructure Protection

• Provision of emergency relief

materials

• Trainings

• Public awareness

• Information Dissemination

• Hazard map preparation

• Research and study

Physical Activities of DWIDP

DRR Innovation and Excellence

DRR Innovation and Excellence

NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION MEASURES

Disaster Preparedness Map (DPM):

• Basically a Map indicating :– Disaster Prone Area– Shelter Houses– Public Facilities– Warning System – Evacuation Plan etc.


Disaster Preparedness Map (DPM):• One Important Non-structural Mitigation

Measure Advantages:• Cheap & Simple for Application• DPM Workshop provides opportunity to

identify Weaknesses and Strengths for Warning System and Evacuation Plan

• No any Environmental Impact


Preparation of DPM of Dahachowk Sabo Model Site – A Need

• Heavy Settlement of Ward No. 3,7 and 8 lies –1) 1.7 km away and 385 m

below the Landslide Prone Area

2) Almost vertically below an Active Stone Quarry

DAHACHOWK SABO MODEL SITE

Some Features of Model Site :

• About 10 km West of Kathmandu

• Watershed – 1.5 km2

• Average Annual Rainfall – 2010 mm

(with max. of 300 mm in 24 hours)

• Southern Steep Slope Aspects

Dahachowk Sabo Model Site

Way to KTM about 10 km.

Thankot

DAHACHOWK SABO MODEL SITE

Major Problems:

• Landslides in U/S or Head Scar

• Soil Erosion all over the Catchments

• Debris Flow in D/S or Foot Hill

• Rampant Stone Quarrying

• Low Level of Awareness

• Lack of Alternatives for Grazing, Fire wood etc.


Preparation of DPM:

• For the People by the People

• DPM Workshop – Detail Discussions

• Walk Through the Debris Flow Route

• Steps for Preparation of DPM

• Highlights of Important steps


Result of DPM Workshop & Walkthrough:

• Identification of- Disaster Prone Area- Shelter House- Public Facilities- Mechanism of Warning System- Announcement House for

Evacuation


Warning System:

• Installment of Extension Meter devised with Sensor – Alarms Siren !!!

• Siren connected to Indra Jyoti School and/or Head Teacher (Messenger) with Telephone

• Messenger pass on Message to Announcer


Evacuation Plan:

• Evacuation Announcement is followed by Commencement of Evacuation

• House to House Evacuation is Devised in absence of any Public Shelter House

• A Detailed Evacuation Plan prepared for ‘WHO’ should move ‘WHERE’ is probably the most scientific and Best Way to Save Life from Disaster !!!

MESSENGER : Raj Kumar Subedi (Teacher, Shree Indra Jyoti Primary School), Ward 5

Telephone No. 4311548

ANNOUNCER : Muchkund Sigdel (Priest, Puran Pati), Ward 3

Telephone No. 4313004

WHO ? WHERE ? S. N. WHO ? WHERE ?Bala Ram Roka Nanda Kishor KC 17 Raju Maharjan Kamal Shrestha

Ward 7 Ward-3 Ward 3 Ward 1

Bal Krishna KC Dipak KC 18 Daya Ram Bakhati Shiva Ram Bakhati

Ward 3 Ward -3 Ward 3 Ward 3

Bhuwan KC Arjun Karki 19 Raghu Bakhati Surya B. BakhatiWard 3 Ward 3 ward 3 Ward 3 Shambhu Bakhati Arjun Karki 20 Krishna B. Tamang Hari Krishna Dani

Ward 3 Ward 3 ward 3 Ward 1

Dipak Bakhati Arjun Karki 21 Nanda Kishor KC Bishnu Hari Dani

Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward -1Puran Patti 22 Keshave Kr. Bakhati Hari Krishna Dani

Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward 1

Muchkund Sigdel Raj Kumar Thapa 23 Rajendra Khadka Yubha Raj Sigdyal

Ward 3 Ward 1 Ward 8 Ward -8

Bhim Bahadur Bakhati Kamal Shrestha 24 Govind Bahadur Bakhati Sita Khadka

Ward 3 Ward 1 Ward 8 Ward 8

Shrikrishna Budhathoki Bashu KC 25 Rishi Khanal Sita Ram Rijal


Dhrub Prasad Sigdel Ram Chandra Khadka 26 Babu Krishna Sigdyal Shiva Hari Sigdel


Nar Bahadur Khatri Bashu KC 27 Ram Bhakta Bakhati Narayan Hari Sigdel


Ravi Pariyar Praladh Pariyar 28 Krishna Thapa Kiran Sigdel


Bidur Bakhati Binod Bakhati 29 Gokul Karki Bishnu Hari Dani

Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward -1

Nasay Sunuwar Krishna Bir Bishwakarma 30 Mitthu Bakhati Bharat Thapa

Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward-1

Janak Raj Bakahti Ram Bakhati 31 Badri Thapa Not confirmed

Ward 3 Ward 3 Ward 3Shree Ram Bakhati Own House 32 Navadurga P. School Not confirmedWard 3 Ward 3 Ward 7

Factors Contributing to Floods in Terai region

UNSAFE

CONDITIONS

ROOT

CAUSES

DYNAMIC

PRESSURES

F

L

O

O

D

•Poverty

•Pop. Growth

•Slow Economic Development

•Migration

•Land Scarcity

•Inadequate Amenities

•Settlement in flood prone area

•Low preparedness / awareness

•Inadequate flood protection

Poverty cycle

River bank erosion in West Rapti

Innovation and Excellence

Bamboo porcupine

• Sprit and soul of eco hydraulic

• Use of low cost natural material

• Labor intensive and lessening unemployment

• Can provide habitat for water animal and crop

Bamboo porcupine

• River bank erosion is a single problem in Rivers of alluvial plain

• River bank protection is avoid bank erosion by current attack

• Structures are expensive, massive non compatible with environment and eco hydraulic

Bamboo porcupine

Bamboo porcupine

• According to FAO 75 bamboo genus and 250 species and known as villager wood

• Bamboo can used more under water

• Protects river bank from current attack

• Most suitable condition are Suspended sediments and velocity of current<1.5 m/se

Bamboo porcupineStructure Material Economy Durability Cost of

construction, Per m run

Additional benefit

Cement concrete, Gabion

Imported Factor for trade deficit

Gabion up to 5 yrs chances of rusting

2x Not appreciable

Bamboo piles or Porcupine

Locally produced

Internal resource generation

3 Yrs when exposed to weather change. More than 3 yrs when kept under earth or water

x Eco-Hydraulic Environment friendly for aquatic animal and crops, protein food stuff production

Bamboo Porcupine

Bamboo porcupine

Bamboo porcupine

Rapti river

DWIDP would like to network from all concerned.

Documents

Dwidp inovation 1