Dwh Interview Q&A

8/2/2019 Dwh Interview Q&A

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answershow can we eliminate duplicate rows from flat file?

Use Sorter Transformation. When you configure the Sorter Transformation to treat output rows as distinct, it configures all portsas part of the sort key. It therefore discards duplicate rows compared during the sort operation

Discuss which is better among incremental load, Normal Load and Bulk load

If the database supports bulk load option from Informatica then using BULK LOAD for initial loading the tables is recommended.

Depending upon the requirement we should choose between Normal and incremental loading strategies.

But Normal load is Better.

why dimension tables are DE normalized in nature ?

Because in Data warehousing historical data should be maintained, to maintain historical data means suppose one employeedetails like where previously he worked, and now where he is working, all details should be maintain in one table, if u maintain

primary key it wont allow the duplicate records with same employee id. so to maintain historical data we are all going for conceptdata warehousing by using surrogate keys we can achieve the historical data(using oracle sequence for critical column).

so all the dimensions are marinating historical data, they are de normalized, because of duplicate entry means not exactlyduplicate record with same employee number another record is maintaining in the table.

How to retrive the records from a rejected file. explane with syntax or example

Every time u run the session, one reject file will be created and all the reject files will be there in the reject file. u can modify therecords and correct the things in the records and u can load them to the target directly from the reject file using Regect loader.

how to get the first 100 rows from the flat file into the target?

1. Use test download option if you want to use it for testing.

2. Put counter/sequence generator in mapping and perform it.

What is Data cleansing..?

This is nothing but polishing of data. For example of one of the sub system store the Gender as M and F. The other may store it asMALE and FEMALE. So we need to polish this data, clean it before it is add to Data warehouse. Other typical example can beAddresses. The all sub systems maintains the customer address can be different. We might need a address cleansing to tool tohave the customers addresses in clean and neat form.

what is a transformation?

A transformation is repository object that pass data to the next stage(i.e to the next transformation or target) with/with outmodifying the data.

How do you create single lookup transformation using multiple tables?

If you want single lookup values to be used in multiple target tables this can be done!!!

For this we can use unconnected lookup and can collect the values from source table in any target table depending upon thebusiness rule

can we eliminate duplicate rows by using filter and router transformation ?

We can eliminate the duplicate rows by checking the distinct option in the properties of the transformation and can use SQL queryfor uniqueness if the source is Relational

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersBut if the source is Flat file then u should use Shorter or Aggregator transformation

If a session fails after loading of 10,000 records in to the target. How can u load the records from 10001th record when u run

the session next time in Informatica 6.1?

Running the session in recovery mode will work, but the target load type should be normal. If its bulk then recovery wont workas expected.

or

Skip the number of initial rows, to skip to 10001 in the source type option from session property.

At the max how many transformations can be used in a mapping?

In a mapping we can use any number of transformations depending on the project, and the included transformations in theparticular related transformations.

How many types of dimensions are available in Informatica?

One major classification we use in our real time modeling is

Slowly Changing Dimensions

type1 SCD: If you want to load an updated row of previously existed row the previous data will be replaced. So we lose historicaldata.

type2 SCD: Here we will add a new row for updated data. So we have both current and past records, which aggrees with theconcept of datawarehousing maintaining historical data.

type3 SCD: Here we will add new columns.

but mostly used one is type2 SCD.

we have one more type of dimension that is

CONFORMED DIMENSION: The dimension which gives the same meaning across different star schemas is called Conformeddimension.

Ex: Time dimension. Where ever it was, gives the same meaning

What are variable ports and list two situations when they can be used?

We have mainly three ports Import, out port, Variable port. Import represents data is flowing into transformation. Out port is usedwhen data is mapped to next transformation. Variable port is used when mathematical calculations are required.

What is the look up transformation?

Use lookup transformation in our mapping to lookup data in a relational table, view , synonym.Informatica server queries the look up table based on the lookup ports in the transformation. It compares the lookuptransformation port values to lookup table column values based on the look up condition.

How can you improve the performance of Aggregate transformation?

we can improve the aggregator performance in the following ways

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answers1. Send sorted input.

2. Increase aggregator cache size. I.e. Index cache and data cache.

3. Give input/output what you need in the transformation. I.e. reduce number of input and output ports.

What is the difference between PowerCenter 6 and PowerCenter 7?

1) Lookup the flat files in Informatica 7.X but we cant lookup flat files in Informatica 6.X

2) External Stored Procedure Transformation is not available in Informatica 7.X but this transformation included in Informatica6.X,

Also custom transformation is not available in 6.x The main difference is the version control available in 7.x Session level error handling is available in 7.x XML enhancements for data integration in 7.x

In my source table 1000 records are there. I want to load 501 rec to 1000 rec into my Target table?how can u do this ?

In db2 we write statement as fetch first 500 rows only.in Informatica we can do by using sequence generator and filter out the rowwhen exceeds 500.

or

You can override the SQL Query in Workflow Manager. Like.

select * from tab_name where rownum Target (< or > 100 rows)

Passive Transformation: the transformation that does not change the no. of rows in the Target.

Source (100 rows) > Passive Transformation > Target (100 rows)

Union Transformation: in Union Transformation, we may combine the data from two (or) more sources. Assume, Table-1contains 10 rows and Table-2 contains 20 rows. If we combine the rows of Table-1 and Table-2, we will get a total of 30 rowsin the Target. So, it is definetly an Active Transformation.

Why we use lookup transformations?

Use a Lookup transformation in your mapping to look up data in a relational table, view, or synonym. Import a lookup definitionfrom any relational database to which both the Informatica Client and Server can connect. You can use multiple Lookuptransformations in a mapping.

what are the UTPS?

Utps are done to check the mappings are done according to given business rules.utp is the (unit test plan ) done by deveploper.

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answerswhat are the transformations that restrict the partitioning of sessions?

*Advanced External procedure transformation and External procedure transformation:This Transformation contains a check box on the properties tab to allow partitioning.*Aggregator Transformation:If you use sorted ports you cannot partition the associated source*Joiner Transformation:you can not partition the master source for a joiner transformation

*Normalizer Transformation*XML targets.

How do u import VSAM files from source to target?

In mapping Designer we have direct option to import files from VSAM Navigation : Sources => Import from file => file fromCOBOL

how to get two targets T1 containing distinct values and T2 containing duplicate values from one source S1.

Use filter transformation for loading the target with no duplicates. and for the other transformation load it directly from source.

If you want to create indexes after the load process which transformation you choose?

Its usually not done in the mapping(transformation) level. Its done in session level. Create a command task which will execute ashell script (if Unix) or any other scripts which contains the create index command. Use this command task in the workflow afterthe session or else, You can create it with a post session command.

Differences between Informatica 6.2 and Informatica 7.0.

Features in 7.1 are :

1.union and custom transformation

2.lookup on flat file

3.grid servers working on different operating systems can coexist on same server

4.we can use pmcmdrep

5.we can export independent and dependent rep objects

6.we ca move mapping in any web application

7.version controlling

8.data profilling

What are main advantages and purpose of using Normalizer Transformation in Informatica?

Normalizer Transformation is used mainly with COBOL sources where most of the time data is stored in de-normalized format.Also, Normalizer transformation can be used to create multiple rows from a single row of data.

Differences between connected and unconnected lookup?

Connected Lookup Unconnected Lookup

Receives input values directly from the pipeline. Receives input values from the result ofa :LKP expression in another

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answers

transformation.

You can use a dynamic or static cache. You can use a static cache.

Cache includes all lookup columns used in themapping (that is, lookup source columns included inthe lookup condition and lookup source columnslinked as output ports to other transformations).

Cache includes all lookup/output portsin the lookup condition and thelookup/return port.

Can return multiple columns from the same row orinsert into the dynamic lookup cache.

Designate one return port (R). Returnsone column from each row.

If there is no match for the lookup condition, thePowerCenter Server returns the default value for alloutput ports. If you configure dynamic caching, thePowerCenter Server inserts rows into the cache orleaves it unchanged.

If there is no match for the lookupcondition, the PowerCenter Serverreturns NULL.

If there is a match for the lookup condition, thePowerCenter Server returns the result of the lookupcondition for all lookup/output ports. If you configure

dynamic caching, the PowerCenter Server eitherupdates the row the in the cache or leaves the rowunchanged.

If there is a match for the lookupcondition, the PowerCenter Server

returns the result of the lookupcondition into the return port.

Pass multiple output values to another transformation.Link lookup/output ports to another transformation.

Pass one output value to anothertransformation. Thelookup/output/return port passes thevalue to the transformation calling:LKP expression.

Supports user-defined default values.Does not support user-defined defaultvalues.

What r the connected or unconnected transforamations?

An unconnected transforamtion is not connected to other transformations in the mapping.Connected transforamation is connectedto other transforamtions in the mapping.

how we validate all the mappings in the repository at once?

You can not validate all the mappings in one go. But you can validate all the mappings in a folder in one go and continue theprocess for all the folders.

For dooing this, log on to the repository manager. Open the folder, then the mapping sub folder, then select all or some of themappings(by pressing the shift or control key, ctrl+A does not work) and then rightclick and validate.

why did u use update stategy in your application?

Update Strategy is the most important transformation of all Informatica transformations. (more)

what is Partitioning ? where we can use Partition? wht is advantages?Is it necessary?

In informatica we can tune performance in 5 different levels that is at source level,target level,mapping level,session level and atnetwork level.

So to tune the performance at session level we go for partitioning and again we have 4 types of partitioning

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answersthose are pass through, hash,round robin,key range.

pass through is the default one.

In hash again we have 2 types that is userdefined and automatic.

round robin can not be applied at source level, it can be used at some transformation level

key range can be applied at both source or target levels.

what is the exact meaning of domain?

Domain in Informatica means - A central Global repository (GDR) along with the registered Local repositories (LDR) to thisGDR. This is possible only in PowerCenter and not PowerMart.

Diff between informatica repositry server & informatica server

Informatica Repository Server:Its manages connections to the repository from client application.Informatica Server:Its extracts the source data,performs the data transformation,and loads the transformed data into the target

what is the new lookup port in look-up transformation?

this button creates a port where we can enter the name, datatype,of a port. This is mainly used when using unconnected lookupthis reflects the datatype of the input port.

What is the use of incremental aggregation? Explain me in brief with an example.

Incremental aggregation is in session properties i have 500 records in my source and again i got 300 records if u r not usingincremental aggregation what are calculation r using on 500 records again that calculation will be done on 500+ 300 records, if u rusing incremental aggregation calculation will be done one only what are new records (300) that will be calculated dur to this one

performance will increasing.

What is source qualifier transformation?

When you add a relational or a flat file source definition to a mapping, you need to connect it to a Source Qualifier transformation.The Source Qualifier represents the rows that the Informatica Server reads when it executes a session.(more)

What r the types of groups in Router transformation?

A Router transformation has the following types of groups:

Input Output

Input Group

The Designer copies property information from the input ports of the input group to create a set of output ports for each outputgroup.

Output Groups

There are two types of output groups:

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answers User-defined groups Default group

You cannot modify or delete output ports or their properties.

What r the diffrence between joiner transformation and source qualifier transformation?

U can join hetrogenious data sources in joiner transformation which we can not achieve in source qualifier transformation.U need matching keys to join two relational sources in source qualifier transformation.Where as u doesnt need matching keys tojoin two sources.Two relational sources should come from same datasource in sourcequalifier.U can join relatinal sources which r coming fromdiffrent sources also.

How can U improve session performance in aggregator transformation?

You can use the following guidelines to optimize the performance of an Aggregator transformation.

Use sorted input to decrease the use of aggregate caches.

Sorted input reduces the amount of data cached during the session and improves session performance. Use this option with theSorter transformation to pass sorted data to the Aggregator transformation.

Limit connected input/output or output ports.

Limit the number of connected input/output or output ports to reduce the amount of data the Aggregator transformation stores inthe data cache.

Filter before aggregating.

If you use a Filter transformation in the mapping, place the transformation before the Aggregator transformation to reduceunnecessary aggregation.

How many types of TASKS we have in Workflomanager? What r they?

1) session2) command 3) email4) event-wait5) event-raise6) assignment7) control8) decision9) timer10) worklet3), , 9) are selfexplanatory. 1) run mappings. 2) run OS commands/scripts. 4 + 5) raise user-defined or pre-defined events and wait for the theevent to be raised. 6) assign values to workflow var 10) run worklets.

How do we load from PL/SQL script into Informatica mapping?

You can use StoredProcedure transformation.

There you can specify the pl/sql procedure name.

when we run the session containing this transformation the pl/sql procedure will get executed.

How to move the mapping from one database to another?

here are 2 ways of doing this.1. Open the mapping you want to migrate. Go to File Menu - Select Export Objects and give aname - an XML file will be generated. Connect to the repository where you want to migrate and then select File Menu - ImportObjects and select the XML file name.

2. Connect to both the repositories.Go to the source folder and select mapping name from the object navigator andselect copy from Edit menu. Now, go to the target folder and select Paste from Edit menu. Be sure you open thetarget folder.

How to join two tables without using the Joiner Transformation.

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersItz possible to join the two or more tables by using source qualifier.But provided the tables should have relationship. When u dragn drop the tables u will getting the source qualifier for each table.Delete all the source qualifiers.Add a common source qualifierfor all.Right click on the source qualifier u will find EDIT click on it.Click on the properties tab,u will find sql query in that ucan write ur sqls.

Compare Data Warehousing Top-Down approach with Bottom-up approach?

in top down approch: first we have to build dataware house then we will build data marts. which will need more crossfunctionalskills and timetaking process also costly.

in bottom up approach: first we will build data marts then data warehuse. the data mart that is first build will remain as a proff ofconcept for the others. less time as compared to above and less cost.

How can you say that union Transormation is Active transformation?

By Definition, Active transformation is the transformation that changes the number of rows that pass through itin uniontransformation the number of rows resulting from union can be (are) different from the actual number of rows.

How to lookup the data on multiple tabels.

When you create lookup transformation that time INFA asks for table name so you can choose either source, target , import andskip.

So clickskip and the use the sql overide property in properties tab to join two table for lookup.

can we modify the data in flat file?

Yes Just open the text file with notepad, change what ever you want (but datatype should be the same).

Is a fact table normalized or de-normalized?

Dimensional models combine normalized and denormalized table structures. The dimension tables of descriptive information arehighly denormalized with detailed and hierarchical roll-up attributes in the same table. Meanwhile, the fact tables withperformance metrics are typically normalized. While we advise against a fully normalized with snowflaked dimension attributesin separate tables (creating blizzard-like conditions for the business user), a single denormalized big wide table containing bothmetrics and descriptions in the same table is also ill-advised.

What is Router transformation?

Router is an Active and Connected transformation. It is similar to filter transformation. But in filter transformation eliminate thedata that do not meet the condition whereas router has an option to capture the data that do not meet the condition. It is useful totest multiple conditions. It has input, output and default groups. For example, if we want to filter data like where deptno=10,deptno=20, deptno=30 and all other deptnos. Its easy to route data to different tables.

In Dimensional modeling fact table is normalized or denormalized?

In Dimensional modeling, Star Schema: A Single Fact table will be surrounded by a group of Dimensional tables comprise of de-normalized data Snowflake Schema: A Single Fact table will be surrounded by a group of Dimensional tables comprised ofnormalized data.(more)

what are the difference between view and materialized view?

A view is just a stored query and has no physical part. Once a view is instantiated, performance can be quite good, until it is agedout of the cache. A materialized view has a physical table associated with it; it doesnt have to resolve the query each time it isqueried. Depending on how large a result set and how complex the query, a materialized view should perform better.

How do you transfer the data from data warehouse to flat file?

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersYou can write a mapping with the flat file as a target using a DUMMY_CONNECTION. A flat file target is built by pulling asource into target space using Warehouse Designer tool.

what is hash table informatica?

In hash partitioning, the Informatica Server uses a hash function to group rows of data among partitions. The Informatica Servergroups the data based on a partition key.Use hash partitioning when you want the Informatica Server to distribute rows to the

partitions by group. For example, you need to sort items by item ID, but you do not know how many items have a particular IDnumber.

how do u check the source for the latest records that are to be loaded into the target?

a) Create a lookup to target table from Source Qualifier based on primary Key.

b) Use and expression to evaluate primary key from target look-up. ( If a new source record look-up primary key port for targettable should return null). Trap this with decode and proceed.

what is the logic will you implement to load the data in to one factv from n number of dimension tables?

To load data into one fact table from more than one dimension tables . firstly u need to create afact table and dimension tables.later load data into individual dimensions by using sources and transformations(aggregator,sequence generator,lookup) inmapping designer then to the fact table connect the surrogate to the foreign key and the columns from dimensions to the fact.

Without using Update strategy and sessons options, how we can do the update our target table?

if ur database is teradata we can do it with a tpump or mload external loader.

update override in target properties is used basically for updating the target table based on a non key column.e.g update byename.its not a key column in the EMP table.But if u use a UPD or session level properties it necessarily should have a

PK.

What are the Differences between Informatica Power Center versions 6.2 and 7.1, also between Versions 6.2 and 5.1?

the main difference between informatica 5.1 and 6.1 is that in 6.1 they introduce a new thing called repository server and in placeof server manager(5.1), they introduce workflow manager and workflow monitor.

In ver 7x u have the option of looking up (lookup) on a flat file. U can write to XML target.

how to enter same record twice in target table?

Declare Target table twice in the mapping and move the output to both the target tables.

or use this syntax,

insert into table1 select * from table1

(table1 is the name of the table)

Informatica Live Interview Questions

Explain grouped cross tab?Explain reference cursorWhat are parallel querys and query hints (more)

How do u select duplicate rows using informatica?

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersYou can write SQL override in the source qualifier (to eliminate duplicates). For that we can use distinct keyword.For example :consider a table dept(dept_no, dept_name) and having duplicate records in that. then write this following query in the SourceQualifier sql over ride.

1)select distinct(deptno),deptname from dept_test;

2)select avg(deptno),deptname from dept_testgroup by deptname;

if you want to have only duplicate records, then write the following query in the Source Qualifier SQL Override,

select distinct(deptno),deptname from dept_test a where deptno in(select deptno from dept_test bgroup by deptnohaving count(1)>1)

when we create a target as flat file and source as oracle.. how can u specify first rows as column names in flat files?

use a pre sql statement.but this is a hardcoding methodif you change the column names or put in extra columns in the flat file,you will have to change the insert statement.

what is the procedure to write the query to list the highest salary of three employees?

the following is the query to find out the top three salariesin ORACLE:(take emp table)

select * from emp e where 3>(select count (*) from emp where

e.sal>emp.sal) order by sal desc.

in SQL Server:-(take emp table)

select top 10 sal from emp

which is better among connected lookup and unconnected lookup transformations in informatica or any other ETL tool?

Its not a easy question to say which is better out of connected, unconnected lookups. Its depends upon our experience and uponthe requirment.

When you compared both basically connected lookup will return more values and unconnected returns one value. conn lookup isin the same pipeline of source and it will accept dynamic caching. Unconn lookup dont have that faclity but in some special caseswe can use Unconnected. if o/p of one lookup is going as i/p of another lookup this unconnected lookups are favourable.

which objects are required by the debugger to create a valid debug session?

We can create a valid debug session even without a single break-point. But we have to give valid database connection details forsources, targets, and lookups used in the mapping and it should contain valid mapplets (if any in the mapping).

We are using Update Strategy Transformation in mapping how can we know whether insert or update or reject or delete

option has been selected during running of sessions in Informatica.

In Designer while creating Update Strategy Transformation uncheck forward to next transformation. If any rejected rows arethere automatically it will be updated to the session log file.

Update or insert files are known by checking the target file or table only.

what does the expression n filter transformations do in Informatica Slowly growing target wizard?

Expression finds the Primary key is or not, and calculates new flag

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersBased on that New Flag, filter transformation filters the Data.

What is the maplet?

Maplet is a set of transformations that you build in the maplet designer and U can use in multiple mapings.A mapplet should havea mapplet input transformation which recives input values, and a output transformation which passes the final modified data to

back to the mapping. when the mapplet is displayed with in the mapping only input & output ports are displayed so that theinternal logic is hidden from end-user point of view.

Total how many joiner transformations needed to join 10 different sources.

9 joiners are required to join 10 different sources.

How to get 25 of 100 fields table is there any transformation available in informatica i know router/filter or any other?

you can use the SQL overide to get those 25 columns containing fields from a table or you can import the table, then in sourcedefinition, cut out all but 25 that you want.

what is DTM process?

DTM stands for data transformation manager.DTM modifies the data according to the Instructions given by the sessionMapping.Output files are:-. Informatica server log: Informatica server (on UNIX) creates a log for all status and error messages(default name: pm.server.log).It also creates an error log for error messages.These files will be created in informatica homedirectory. Session log file: Session detail file: Performance detail file: Performance detail file: Control file: Post session email:Indicator file: output file: Cache files:

How to load time dimension?

For loading data in to other dimensions we have respective tables in the oltp systems.

But for time dimension we have only one base in the OLTP database. Based on that we have to load time dimension. We can loan

the time dimension using ETL procedures which calls the procedure or function created in the database. If the columns are morein the time dimension we have to creat it manually by using Excel sheet.

When do u use a unconnected lookup and connected lookup?

In static lookup cache, you cache all the lookup data at the starting of the session. in dynamic lookup cache, you go and query thedatabase to get the lookup value for each record which needs the lookup. static lookup cache adds to the session run time.but itsaves time as informatica does not need to connect to your databse every time it needs to lookup. depending on how many rows inyour mapping needs a lookup, you can decide on thisalso remember that static lookup eats up spaceso remember to selectonly those columns which are needed.

Why and where we are using factless fact table?

Factless Fact Tables are the fact tables with no facts or measures(numerical data). It contains only the foriegn keys ofcorresponding Dimensions.

EX: Temperature in fact table will note it as Moderate,Low,High. This type of things are called Non-additive measures.

what transformation you can use inplace of lookup?

Lookups either we can use first or last value. for suppose lookup have more than one record matching, we need all matchingrecords, in that situation we can use master or detail outer join instead of lookup.(according to logic).

Posted inOracle & Misc, Informatica Interview Qs |No Comments

what is the difference between constraind base load ordering and target load plan?

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersTarget load order comes in the designer property..Click mappings tab in designer and then target load plan.It will show all thetarget load groups in the particular mapping. You specify the order there the server will loadto the target accordingly.

A target load group is a set of source-source qulifier-transformations and target.

Where as constraint based loading is a session proerty. Here the multiple targets must be generated from one source qualifier. Thetarget tables must posess primary/foreign key relationships. So that, the server loads according to the key relation irrespective ofthe Target load order plan.

How to Generate the Metadata Reports in Informatica?

You can generate PowerCenter Metadata Reporter from a browser on any workstation, even a workstation that does not havePowerCenter tools installed.

how can we join the tables if the tables have no primary and forien key relation and no matchig port to join?

without common column or common data type we can join two sources using dummy ports.

1.Add one dummy port in two sources.

2.In the expression trans assing 1 to each port.

2.Use Joiner transformation to join the sources using dummy port(use join conditions).

what is rank transformation?where can we use this transformation?

Rank transformation is used to find the status.ex if we have one sales table and in this if we find more employees selling the sameproduct and we are in need to find the first 5 0r 10 employee who is selling more products.we can go for rank transformation.

What is Transaction?

Transaction is any event that indicates some action.In DB terms any commited changes occured in the database is said to betransaction.

what is the difference between stop and abort

The PowerCenter Server handles the abort command for the Session task like the stop command, except it has a timeout period of60 seconds. If the PowerCenter Server cannot finish processing and committing data within the timeout period, it kills the DTM

process and terminates the session.

How do you handle decimal places while importing a flatfile into informatica?

while importing the flat file, the flat file wizard helps in configuring the properties of the file so that select the numeric column

and just enter the precision value and the scale. precision includes the scale for example if the number is 98888.654, enterprecision as 8 and scale as 3 and width as 10 for fixed width flat file

What is the procedure to load the fact table?

usually source records are looked up with the records in the dimension table.DIM tables are called lookup or reference table. allthe possible values are stored in DIM table. e.g product, all the existing prod_id will be in DIM table. when data from source islooked up against the dim table, the corresponding keys are sent to the fact table.this is not the fixed rule to be followed, it mayvary as per ur requirments and methods u follow.some times only the existance check will be done and the prod_id itself will besent to the fact.

whats the diff between Informatica powercenter server, repositoryserver and repository?

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersRepository is a database in which all informatica componets are stored in the form of tables. The reposiitory server controls therepository and maintains the data integrity and Consistency across the repository when multiple users use Informatica.Powercenter Server/Infa Server is responsible for execution of the components (sessions) stored in the repository.

what is a time dimension? give an example.

Time dimension is one of important in Datawarehouse. Whenever u genetated the report , that time u access all data from throtime dimension.

eg. employee time dimension

Fields : Date key, full date, day of wek, day , month,quarter,fiscal year

Why we use stored procedure transformation?

You might use stored procedures to do the following tasks:

Check the status of a target database before loading data into it. Determine if enough space exists in a database.

Perform a specialized calculation. Drop and recreate indexes.

What r the types of lookup caches?

Persistent cache: U can save the lookup cache files and reuse them the next time the informatica server processes a lookuptransformation configured to use the cache.

Recache from database: If the persistent cache is not synchronized with he lookup table,U can configure the lookuptransformation to rebuild the lookup cache.

Static cache: U can configure a static or readonly cache for only lookup table.By default informatica server creates a static cache.It

caches the lookup table and lookup values in the cache for each row that comes into the transformation.when the lookup conditionis true,the informatica server does not update the cache while it prosesses the lookup transformation.

Dynamic cache: If u want to cache the target table and insert new rows into cache and the target,u can create a look uptransformation to use dynamic cache.The informatica server dynamically inerts data to the target table.

shared cache: U can share the lookup cache between multiple transactions.U can share unnamed cache between transformationsinthe same maping.

what are semi additve measures and fully additive measures?

there are three types of facts

1.additive

2.semi additive

3. non-additive

additve means when a any measure is queried of the fact table if the result relates to all the diemension table which are linked tothe fact

semi-additve when a any measure is queried from the fact table the results relates to some of the diemension table

non-additive when a any measure is queried from the fact table if it does nt relate to any of the diemension and the result isdriectly from the measures of the same fact table ex: to calculate the total percentage of loan just we take the value from the factmeasure(loan) divide it with 100 we get it without the diemension.

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersIn Source Qualifier and in Target I have 1,2,3 row and I want to insert 4,5 records in source and I want them in target also?

What is the procedure to load them?

If Im not wrong, if you want to load records at source and target at a time, we consider source also as target. If you want to insert4,5 records at target that is fine, how come you will load data at source it self. Source only having that 4,5 records. I

If you want to check in target before inserting 4,5, just use target table as lookup transformation.

if you have any primary key at target, you can use update stratergy with option update or insert instead of using lookup table.

what r the mapping specifications? how versionzing of repository objects?

Mapping SpecificationIt is a metadata document of a mapping.(more)

what is the repository agent?

The Repository Agent is a multi-threaded process that fetches, inserts, and updates metadata in the repository database tables. TheRepository Agent uses object locking to ensure the consistency of metadata in the repository.

What about rapidly changing dimensions?Can u analyze with an example?

a rapidly changing dimensions are those in which values are changing continuously and giving lot of difficulty to maintain them.

i am giving one of the best real world example which i found in some website while browsing. go through it. i am sure you like it.

description of a rapidly changing dimension by that person:

Im trying to model a retailing case . Im having a SKU dimensionof around 150,000 unique products which is already a SCD Type 2 forsome attributes. In addition Im willing to track changes of the salesand purchase price. However these prices change almost daily for quite

a lot of these products leading to a huge dimensional table and requiring continuous updations.

so a better option would be shift those attributes into a fact table as facts, which solves the problem.

Why did you use stored procedure in your ETL Application?

Using of stored procedures plays important role.Suppose ur using oracle database where ur doing some ETL changes you may useinformatica .In this every row of the table pass should pass through informatica and it should undergo specified ETL changesmentioned in transformations. If use stored procedure i..e..oracle pl/sql package this will run on oracle database(which is thedatabse where we need to do changes) and it will be faster comapring to informatica because it is runing on the oracledatabse.Some things which we cant do using tools we can do using packages.Some jobs make take hours to run ..in order tosave time and database usage we can go for stored procedures.

What is the main difference between Power Centre and Power Mart?

Power Centre have Multiple Repositories,where as Power mart have single repository(desktop repository)Power Centre againlinked to global repositor to share between users.

What is worklet and what is use of worklet and in which situation we can use it?

Worklet is a set of tasks. If a certain set of task has to be reused in many workflows then we use worklets. To execute a Worklet,it has to be placed inside a workflow.

The use of worklet in a workflow is similar to the use of mapplet in a mapping.

what are mapping parameters and varibles in which situation we can use it ?

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersIf we need to change certain attributes of a mapping after every time the session is run, it will be very difficult to edit the mappingand then change the attribute. So we use mapping parameters and variables and define the values in a parameter file. Then wecould edit the parameter file to change the attribute values. This makes the process simple.

Mapping parameter values remain constant. If we need to change the parameter value then we need to edit the parameter file .

But value of mapping variables can be changed by using variable function. If we need to increment the attribute value by 1 afterevery session run then we can use mapping variables .

In a mapping parameter we need to manually edit the attribute value in the parameter file after every session run.

what is mystery dimension?

Also known as Junk Dimensions

Making sense of the rogue fields in your fact table..

What are the steps required for type2 dimension/version data mapping. how can we implement it?

1. Determine if the incoming row is 1) a new record 2) an updated record or 3) a record that already exists in the table using twolookup transformations. Split the mapping into 3 separate flows using a router transformation.

2. If 1) create a pipe that inserts all the rows into the table.

3. If 2) create two pipes from the same source, one updating the old record, one to insert the new.

Can anyone explain error handling in Informatica with examples so that it will be easy to explain the same in the interview?

You can create some generalized transformations to handle the errors and use them in your mapping. For example for data typescreate one generalized transformation and include in your mapping then you will know the errors where they are occurring.

Can we use aggregator/active transformation after update strategy transformation?

You can use aggregator after update strategy. The problem will be, once you perform the update strategy, say you had flaggedsome rows to be deleted and you had performed aggregator transformation for all rows, say you are using SUM function, then thedeleted rows will be subtracted from this aggregator transformation.

What is the limit to the number of sources and targets you can have in a mapping.

Monday, November 27th, 2006

As per my knowledge there is no such restriction to use this number of sources or targets inside a mapping.

Question is if you make N number of tables to participate at a time in processing what is the position of your database. Iorginzation point of view it is never encouraged to use N number of tables at a time, It reduces database and informatica server

performance

Briefly explian the Versioning Concept in Power Center 7.1.

In power center 7.1 use 9 Tem server i.e add in Look up. But in power center 6.x use only 8 tem server.and add 5 transformation .in 6.x anly 17 transformation but 7.x use 22 transformation.

When you create a version of a folder referenced by shortcuts, all shortcuts continue to reference their original object in theoriginal version. They do not automatically update to the current folder version.

For example, if you have a shortcut to a source definition in the Marketing folder, version 1.0.0, then you create a new folderversion, 1.5.0, the shortcut continues to point to the source definition in version 1.0.0.

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersMaintaining versions of shared folders can result in shortcuts pointing to different versions of the folder. Though shortcuts todifferent versions do not affect the server, they might prove more difficult to maintain. To avoid this, you can recreate shortcuts

pointing to earlier versions, but this solution is not practical for much-used objects. Therefore, when possible, do not versionfolders referenced by shortcuts.

how to create the staging area in your database?

A Staging area in a DW is used as a temporary space to hold all the records from the source system. So more or less it should beexact replica of the source systems except for the laod startegy where we use truncate and reload options.

So create using the same layout as in your source tables or using the Generate SQL option in the Warehouse Designer tab.

what is the basic language of informatica?

The basic language of Informatica is SQL plus.Then only it will under stand the data base language.


What is ODS ?what data loaded from it ? What is DW architecture?

ODSOperational Data Source, Normally in 3NF form. Data is stored with least redundancy.

General architecture of DWH

OLTP System> ODS > DWH( Denomalised Star or Snowflake, vary case to case)

Assume that i have one 24/7 company. Peak hours is 9-9. ok in this one per day around 40000 records are added or modified. Nowat 9o clock i had taken a backup and left. after 9 to 9 again instead of stroing the data in the same server i will keep from 9 p.m to9 a.m. data i will store saperatly. Assume that 10000 records are added in this time. so that next day moring when i am dumpingthe data there is no need to take 40000+10000. It is very slow in performance wise. so i can take directly 10000 records. thisconsepct what we call as ODS. Operational Data Source.

Arch can be in two ways.

ODS to WH

ODS StagingArea wh

Wht is incremental loading?Wht is versioning in 7.1?

Incremental loading in DWH means to load only the changed and new records.i.e. not to load the ASIS records which alreadyexist.

Versioning in Informatica 7.1 is like a confugration management system where you have every version of the mapping you everworked upon. Whenever you have checkedin and created a lock, noone else can work on the same mapping version. This is veryhelpful in n environment where you have several users working on a single feature.

What is the difference between materialized view and a data mart? Are they same?

A materialized view provides indirect access to table data by storing the results of a query in a separate schema object unlike anordinary view, which does not take up any storage space or contain data.Materialized views are schema objects that can be used to summarize, precompute, replicate, and distribute data. E.g. to constructa data warehouse.The definition of materialized view is very near to the concept of Cubes where we keep summarized data. But cubes occupyspace.

Coming to datamart that is completely different concept. Datawarehouse contains overall view of the organization. But datamart isspecific to a subjectarea like Finance etc

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answerswe can combine different data marts of a compnay to form datawarehouse or we can split a datawarehouse into different datamarts.

In update strategy target table or flat file which gives more performance ? why?

Pros: Loading, Sorting, Merging operations will be faster as there is no index concept and Data will be in ASCII mode.

Cons: There is no concept of updating existing records in flat file.

As there is no indexes, while lookups speed will be lesser.

How can u get distinct values while mapping in Informatica in insertion?

There are two methods to get distinct values:

If the sources are databases then we can go forSQL-override in source qualifier by changing the default SQL query. I meanselecting the check box called select distinct.

and

if the sources are heterogeneous, i mean from different file systems, then we can use SORTERTransformation and intransformation properties select the check box called select distinct same as in source qualifier, we can get distinct values.

What is change data capture?

Change data capture (CDC) is a set of software design patterns used to determine the data that has changed in a database so thataction can be taken using the changed data.

Basically Changed Data Capture (CDC) helps identify the data in the source system that has changed since the last extraction.With CDC, data extraction takes place at the same time the insert, update, or delete operations occur in the source tables, and thechange data is stored inside the database in change tables. The change data, thus captured, is then made available to the target

systems in a controlled manner.

how u will create header and footer in target using informatica?

you can always create a header and a trailer in the target file using an aggregator transformation.

Take the number of records as count in the aggregator transformation.

create three separate files in a single pipeline.

One will be your header and other will be your trailer coming from aggregator.

The third will be your main file.

Concatenate the header and the main file in post session command usnig shell script.

What is meant by EDW?

Its a big data warehouses OR centralized data warehousing OR the old style of warehouse.Its a single enterprise data warehouse (EDW) with no associated data marts or operational data store (ODS) systems.

What will happen if you are using Update Strategy Transformation and your session is configured for insert?

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Informatica Interview Questions & Answersif u r using a update strategy in any of ur mapping, then in session properties u have to set treat source rows as Data Driven. if uselect insert or udate or delete, then the info server will not consider UPD for performing any DB operations.

ELSE

u can use the UPD session level options. instead of using a UPD in mapping just select the update in treat source rows and updateelse insert option. this will do the same job as UPD. but be sure to have a PK in the target table.

2) for oracle : SQL loader

for teradata:tpump,mload.

3) if u pass only 5 rows to rank, it will rank only the 5 records based on the rank port.

Tell me what would the size of ur warehouse project?

U can say 600-900GB including Ur Marts.It varies depending up on ur Project Structure and How many data marts and EDWH.

How to work with pmcmd on windows platform?

In workflow manager take pmcmd command.

establish link between session and pmcmd. if session executes successfully pmcmd command executes.

Suppose I have one source which is linked into 3 targets.When the workflow runs for the first time only the first target

should be populated and the rest two(second and last) should not be populated.When the workflow runs for the

second time only the second target should be populated and the rest two(first and last) should not be

populated.When the workflow runs for the third time only the third target should be populated and the rest

two(first and second) should not be populated.

heres one of the solutions i think would wrk,

Target Load order will work only for a single run. But here the we have to control the data flow accross the runs. For that we havecature the iteration number in flat file, and doing(more)

what is Powermart and Power Center?

power center will support global and local repositories and also it supports ERP packages. but, Powermart will support localrepositories only and it doesnt support ERP packages .

Power center is High Cost where as power mart it is Low.

Power center normally used for enterprise data warehouses where as power mart will use for Low/Mid range data warehouses.

What TOAD and for what purpose it will be used?

Toad is a application development tool built around an advanced SQL and PL/SQL editor. Using Toad, you can build and testPL/SQL packages, procedures, triggers, and functions. (more)

In a flat file sql override will work r not? what is the extension of flatfile.

In Flat file SQL Override will not work. We have different properties to set for a flat file. If you are talking about the flat file as asource it can be of any extension like .dat,.doc etc. Yes if it is an Target file it will have extension as .out. Which can be altered inthe Target Properties.

what is sql override where do we use and which transformations?

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Informatica Interview Questions & AnswersTHe defualt Sql Return by the source qualifier can be over writne by using source qualifier.Transfermation is Source qualifiertransfermation.

Besides the above, in Session properties -> transformations tab -> source qualifier ->SQL query - by default it will be the queryfrom the mapping. If you over write it, this is also called SQL override

what r the types of target loads?

There are two types of target load typesthey are1. bulk2. normal

What Bulk & Normal load? Where we use Bulk and where Normal?

when we try to load data in bulk mode, there will be no entry in database log files, so it will be tough to recover data if session gotfailed at some point. where as in case of normal mode entry of every record will be with database log file and with the informaticarepository. so, if the session got failed it will be easy for us to start data from last committed point.

Bulk mode is very fast compartively with normal mode.

we use bulk mode to load data in databases, it wont work with text files using as target, where as normal mode will work fine

with all type of targets.

For homogeneous sources we use Source Qualifier to join the sources? Why not the joiner transformation?

if you are using tables ot flat files as sources we need to use source qualifier, for cobol sources we use normalizer. Informaticaserver doesnt recognize source files with out source qualifiers, so we need to use.

If you are using flat files as sources we have to use joiner to join the two sources after source qualifier.

Can U use the maping parameters or variables created in one maping into another maping?

NO.

We can use mapping parameters or variables in any transformation of the same maping or mapplet in which U have createdmaping parameters or variables.

What r the mapping paramaters and maping variables?

Maping parameter represents a constant value that U can define before running a session.A mapping parameter retains the samevalue throughout the entire session.When u use the maping parameter ,U declare and use the parameter in a maping or maplet.Then define the value of parameter in a

parameter file for the session.Unlike a mapping parameter,a maping variable represents a value that can change throughout the session.The informatica serversaves the value of maping variable to the repository at the end of session run and uses that value next time U run the session.

What r the unsupported repository objects for a mapplet?

You cannot include the following objects in a mapplet:

Normalizer transformations Cobol sources XML Source Qualifier transformations XML sources Target definitions Pre- and post- session stored procedures Other mapplets


What r the methods for creating reusable transforamtions?

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http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-r-the-types-of-target-loads/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-bulk-normal-load-where-we-use-bulk-and-where-normal/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/for-homogeneous-sources-we-use-source-qualifier-to-join-the-sources-why-not-the-joiner-transformation/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/can-u-use-the-maping-parameters-or-variables-created-in-one-maping-into-another-maping/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-r-the-mapping-paramaters-and-maping-variables/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-r-the-unsupported-repository-objects-for-a-mapplet/http://www.oraclelove.com/category/uncategorized/http://www.oraclelove.com/category/uncategorized/http://www.oraclelove.com/category/aainformatica-interview-qs/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-r-the-unsupported-repository-objects-for-a-mapplet/#respondhttp://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-r-the-methods-for-creating-reusable-transforamtions/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-r-the-types-of-target-loads/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/what-bulk-normal-load-where-we-use-bulk-and-where-normal/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/for-homogeneous-sources-we-use-source-qualifier-to-join-the-sources-why-not-the-joiner-transformation/http://www.oraclelove.com/2006/11/27/can-u-use-the

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Dwh Interview Q&A