Dutch Found New Netherland

• Dutch West India Co. establish New Netherland (1621)– Expand fur trade– New Amsterdam (NYC) capital (1625)

• Populated by variety of Europeans, as well as Dutch, and free and enslaved Africans

• Native American relations were generally good

English Takeover

• King Charles II allowed the duke of York, his bro., to gain control of Dutch territory

• Gov. Stuyvesant (Dutch) surrendered w/out a shot being fired

• Duke of York was new proprietor– Named colony New York– New Jersey—land he gave to friends

Quakers in PA

• Quakers– Believed God’s “inner light” was in all– Services held w/out ministers

• Anyone spoke when moved by the spirit

– Plainly dressed– Pacifists– Do not defer to rank– Harassed by Anglicans and Puritans

• Became a minority group– Penn opened up PA to others from W. Europe

Pennsylvania

• Colony created for the Quakers– No land-owning aristocracy

• Every adult male received 50 acres of land and right to vote

– Gov’t• Representative assembly • Freedom of religion

– Capital-Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”

PA and Native Americans

• Penn sent letter to Lenni Lenapi (Delaware)– Effort to gain respect and friendship

• Ensuring fair treatment– Est. court of colonists and Native Americans

to settle conflict– Regulated trade

13 Colonies

• Maryland– George Calvert, Lord Baltimore– Religious tolerance

• North and South Carolina– Created from land given by King Charles to group of

important supporters

• Georgia– James Oglethorpe and associates created a debtor’s

haven• Few actually came