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Detailed multi-node model of human physiology to predict dynamic thermal comfort responses Dusan FIALA, PhD IBBTE University of Stuttgart Germany [email protected]

Dusan Fiala

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Detailed multi-node model of human physiology to predict dynamic thermal comfort responses

Dusan FIALA, PhD IBBTEUniversity of StuttgartGermany

[email protected]

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� Model Systems

� Validation examples

� Physiological modelling of thermal comfort

Contents

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

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Model of human thermoregulation: Passive System

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

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Model of human thermoregulation: Active System

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

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Active System: System coefficients

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 40.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

[K]

coef

ficie

nt

Regression

bsw

,sk

∆Tsk,m,t

bsw,sk

[g m

in K

]

-1-1

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

[K]

coef

ficie

nt

[W

K ²

]

Regression bdl,sk

∆Tsk,m,t

b dl,s

k-

-14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

[K]

coef

ficie

nt

[W K

]

Regression bsh,sk

∆Tsk,m,t

bsh

,sk

-1

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 20

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

[K]

coef

ficie

nt

Regression

∆Thy,t

bsw

,hy

bsw,hy

[g m

in K

]

-1-1

-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

[K]

coef

ficie

nt

[W

K ²

]

Regression

b dl,h

y

bdl,hy

∆Thy,t

-

-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

[K]

coef

ficie

nt

[

K

]

Regression

∆Tsk,m,t

bcs,sk

b cs,

sk-1

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Transient conditions

33

34

35

36

37

mea

n sk

in te

mp.

[°C

]

Ta=Tw=48°C28°C 28°C

37

38

rect

al te

mpe

ratu

re [°

C]

28

30

32

34

36

mea

n sk

in te

mp.

[°C

]

36.5

37.0

37.5

rect

al te

mp.

[°C

]

150

200

evap

orat

ion

[W]

Ta=17°C

Ta=43°C Ta=43°C

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

Ta=Tw, va<0.1m/s, rh=30%, Icl=0.1clo, act=1met, n=3

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 2400

50

100

150

200

250

300

time [min]

evap

. hea

t los

s [W

]

experiment simulation

36 rect

al te

mpe

ratu

re [°

C]

28

Ta=Tw, va=0.1m/s, rh=30%, Icl=0.1clo, act=1met, n=3

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

100

150

200

time [min]

met

abol

ism

[W

]

experiment simulation Stolwijk model

0

50

100

150

evap

orat

ion

[W]

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Validation: Principal human thermal behaviour

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36m

ean

skin

tem

p. [°

C]

38

rect

al te

mp.

[°C

]

28

30

32

34

36

38

mea

n sk

in te

mp.

[°C

]

37

38

rect

al T

[°C

]

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

36

37

rect

al te

mp.

[°C

]

t=60min, Tw=Ta, va=0.3m/s, rh=50%, act=0.8met, Icl=0.1clo, n=44

5 10 15 20 27

100

200

300

ambient temperature [°C]

met

abol

ism

[W

]

experiment: mean ± SD simulationt=60min, Tw=Ta, va=0.1m/s, rh=30%, Icl=0.1clo, act=1met, n=3

20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

ambient temperature [°C]

evap

orat

ion

[W/m

²]

experiment : mean ± SD simulation

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Radiant Temperature Asymmetry

35

40

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Neck PosForeheadFoot instepLeg LowPost

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25

Radiant temperature asymmetry [K]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Leg LowPostMean Skin TempRectal TempMean Rad TempAir TempSim.

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Field measurements ´Hiking´: Boundary conditions

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

air

tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Simulation

Experiment

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

air

spee

d [m

/s]

Sim. 1

Experiment

Air temperatureAir temperatureAir temperatureAir temperature Wind speedWind speedWind speedWind speed

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Sol

ar R

adia

tion

[W/m

2]

Sim. 1

Experiment

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Qm

et [W

]

Simulation

Experiment

Solar RadiationSolar RadiationSolar RadiationSolar Radiation Activity / Metabolic rateActivity / Metabolic rateActivity / Metabolic rateActivity / Metabolic rate

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Field measurements ´Hiking´: Body temperatures

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

m [

oC

] Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

35

36

37

38

39

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tre

ctal

[oC

] Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

Mean skin temperatureMean skin temperatureMean skin temperatureMean skin temperature Body core temperatureBody core temperatureBody core temperatureBody core temperature

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, bac

k [

oC

]

Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, che

st [

oC

]

Sim. 1

Experiment

Skin temperature: ChestSkin temperature: ChestSkin temperature: ChestSkin temperature: Chest Skin temperature: BackSkin temperature: BackSkin temperature: BackSkin temperature: Back

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Field measurements ´Hiking´: Skin temperatures

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, for

earm

[oC

]

Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, arm

[oC

]

Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

Skin temperature: Upper armSkin temperature: Upper armSkin temperature: Upper armSkin temperature: Upper armSkin temperature: Lower armSkin temperature: Lower armSkin temperature: Lower armSkin temperature: Lower arm

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, cal

f [oC

]

Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, leg

[oC

]

Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

Skin temperature: Upper LegSkin temperature: Upper LegSkin temperature: Upper LegSkin temperature: Upper LegSkin temperature: Lower legSkin temperature: Lower legSkin temperature: Lower legSkin temperature: Lower leg

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Field measurements ´Hiking´ (Test VI)

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

air

tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Sim. 1

Experiment

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Sol

ar R

adia

tion

[W/m

2]

Sim. 1

Experiment

Air temperatureAir temperatureAir temperatureAir temperature Solar RadiationSolar RadiationSolar RadiationSolar Radiation

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

m [

oC

] Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Time [min]

Tsk

, che

st [

oC

]

Sim. 1

Sim. 2

Sim. 3

Experiment

Mean skin temperatureMean skin temperatureMean skin temperatureMean skin temperatureSkin temperature: ChestSkin temperature: ChestSkin temperature: ChestSkin temperature: Chest

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Thermal Comfort: modelling approaches

� Existing models� Nevins et al.: TS = f (To,rh) � Fanger Model (iso7730): TS = f (∆Q), i.e.heat flux� Gagge Model: TS = f (Ta,pa)

f (wsk)� Nishi et al Model: TS = f (Tsk)� Aser & Hsu Model: TS = f (KS)

} Physilogical

approach

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

� Aser & Hsu Model: TS = f (KS)

� …

� Question: What physiological parameters do actually govern the human Thermal Sensation?

} approach

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Simulation and analysis of TC experiments

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

msw [g/min]

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

TSV = f (Sw)

-20 0 20 40 60 80

Qsk - Qsk,0 [W]

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

TSV = f (Qsk)

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

msw [g/min] Qsk - Qsk,0 [W]

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4

Thy - Thy,0 [K]

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

TSV = f (Thy)

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Tsk,m - Tsk,m,0 [K]

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

TS = f (Tsk)

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Effect of body core temperature (exercising subjects)

φ = gsk x ghy

3

4

5

6

gsk

[ ]

1.0

1.5

ghy

[ ]

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2

Tsk,m - Tsk,m,0 [K]

0

1

2

3

gsk

[ ]

-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Thy - Thy,0 [K]

0.0

0.5ghy

[ ]

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Dynamic components of Thermal Sensation

-1

0

1

2

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

dT dTsk,m f ( )

Ta=28°C Ta=18°C Ta=28°C

(64.4°F) (82.4°F)(82.4°F)

→ Dynamic Thermal Senstation (DTS)

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

-3

-2

-1

time [min]

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

experiment static TS dynamic TS (DTS)

-dTsk,m

dtf ( ) +

dTsk,m

dt f ( )

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Validation examples: Ramps

-1

0

1

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n [

]

27

28

29

30

31

Air

tem

pera

ture

Ta

[°C

]

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

time [min]

-3

-2

-1

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n [

]

25

26

27

Air

tem

pera

ture

Ta

[°C

]

experiment DTS (Ta)

Tw=Ta va=0.1m/s Tdew=12°C Icl=0.5clo act=1.2met n=12

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Validation examples: Step changes in Ta

-1

0

1

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n [

]

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-3

-2

time [min]

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n [

]

exp.: To = 27/22°C (sW/N) exp.: To = 21/17°C (N/s C)

DTS: To = 27/22°C DTS: To = 21/17°C

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Validation examples: Transient exercise

0

1

2

3

2

3

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

activ

ity le

vel

[met

]

experiment

simulation

(activity)

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

Ta =Tw =10°C va = 0.1m/s rh = 52% Icl=1.2clo n =10

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-3

-2

-1

1

time [min]

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n

activ

ity le

vel

[met

]

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Validation examples: Periodic changes

-1

0

1

2

3

24

26

28

30

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n [

]

Air

tem

pera

ture

Ta

[°C

]

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group

Tw=Ta va=0.25m/s rh=50% Icl=0.7clo n=11

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120-3

-2

20

22

time [min]

The

rmal

Sen

satio

n [

]

Air

tem

pera

ture

Ta

[°C

]

exp.: males exp.: female DTS (Ta)

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Thank you for listening

Dusan Fiala18.11.2008

CIBSE Seminar - Thermal Comfort for Building Occupants · Cibse Natural Ventilation Group