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NAPHTHENATE-BASED DRIERS These driers are metallic soaps of naphthenic acid, in combination with synthetic acids. They are stable and extremely soluble in all the usual vehicles and thinners. Naphthenic acid itself is a petroleum derivative and is not a pure chemical compound. By special processes, naphthenic acids are refined through vacuum distillation and fractionation thus maintaining standardized high quality in the finished products. Naphthenates have been traditionally used as driers. This line of driers is prepared from carefully selected C8...C12 branched chain synthetic acids, mainly 2-ethylhexanoic acid (for octoates) and neodecanoic acid (for neodecanoates). The blends of acid are chosen to maximize stability and other properties of the individual metal salt. The products are available at high metal concentrations, resulting in further savings, as well as in the traditional metal concentrations. reducible systems. Auxiliary Driers DriCAT16 and 18 provide outstanding drying performance in most coating vehicles, particularly when drying is performed under adverse environmental conditions. DriCAT 7 provides both surface and through dry with just one drier addition. Maximum speed of dry, dry retention, gloss and gloss retention is attained while yeilding tough, water-resistant coatings. Paints based on carbon blacks, organic pigments and similar pigments having large surface areas may lose the initial drying properties because of physical and chemical adsorption reactions be- tween the drier and the pigment surface. This so-called “loss of dry” phenomenon can be avoided by adding the proper loss of dry inhibitor, Duroct Cobalt 21, Durastab LF. WATER-DISPERSIBLE DRIERS This line of water-dispersible driers was especially developed for use in water soluble alkyds, oils, urethanes and alkyd-emulsion vehicles. These driers may be incorporated during the let-down operation with simple agitation. However, it is recommended to pre-mix the product with the binder or water (approx. 10% solution). This reduces the risk of flocculation or coagulation. Our WDX driers have been specifically formulated for ease of incorporation into the coating. However, premixing of the driers with water or glycols/glycol ethers is recommended to further improve drier compatibility to avoid the problems associated with drier incompatibility due to solvent polarity differences. SYNTHETIC DRIERS COMBINATION DRIERS LOSS OF DRY INHIBITORS DriCAT 10 Catalyst gives optimum drier activity and stability with minimum loss of dry in water DRIER RECOMMENDATIONS

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NAPHTHENATE-BASED DRIERS

These driers are metallic soaps of naphthenic acid, in combination with synthetic acids. They are stable and extremely soluble in all the usual vehicles and thinners. Naphthenic acid itself is a petroleum derivative and is not a pure chemical compound. By special processes, naphthenic acids are refined through vacuum distillation and fractionation thus maintaining standardized high quality in the finished products. Naphthenates have been traditionally used as driers.

This line of driers is prepared from carefully selected C8...C12 branched chain synthetic acids, mainly 2-ethylhexanoic acid (for octoates) and neodecanoic acid (for neodecanoates). The blends ofacid are chosen to maximize stability and other properties of the individual metal salt. The products are available at high metal concentrations, resulting in further savings, as well as in the traditional metal concentrations.

reducible systems. Auxiliary Driers DriCAT16 and 18 provide outstanding drying performance in mostcoating vehicles, particularly when drying is performed under adverse environmental conditions.DriCAT 7 provides both surface and through dry with just one drier addition. Maximum speed of dry,dry retention, gloss and gloss retention is attained while yeilding tough, water-resistant coatings.

Paints based on carbon blacks, organic pigments and similar pigments having large surface areas may lose the initial drying properties because of physical and chemical adsorption reactions be- tween the drier and the pigment surface. This so-called “loss of dry” phenomenon can be avoided byadding the proper loss of dry inhibitor, Duroct Cobalt 21, Durastab LF.

WATER-DISPERSIBLE DRIERS

This line of water-dispersible driers was especially developed for use in water soluble alkyds, oils, urethanes and alkyd-emulsion vehicles. These driers may be incorporated during the let-down operation with simple agitation. However, it is recommended to pre-mix the product with the binder or water (approx. 10% solution). This reduces the risk of flocculation or coagulation. Our WDX driers have been specifically formulated for ease of incorporation into the coating. However, premixing of the driers with water or glycols/glycol ethers is recommended to further improve drier compatibility to avoid the problems associated with drier incompatibility due to solvent polarity differences.

SYNTHETIC DRIERS

COMBINATION DRIERS

LOSS OF DRY INHIBITORS

DriCAT 10 Catalyst gives optimum drier activity and stability with minimum loss of dry in water

DRIER RECOMMENDATIONS

DURA offers an extensive line of driers for low-VOC, high-solids alkyd systems. In addition to the conventional driers, we offer a number of specialty driers specifically formulated for these sys-tems, including DriCAT 3 (vanadium), DriCAT 12 (neodymium) and Dural A-MS (aluminum). These driers promote improved dry times for difficult to cure systems with excellent final film properties.

XL Dri is a chelating agent, free of metals. It is used in water-borne systems as a loss of dry inhibitor and in high solid alkyds in which wrinkling effects are prevented.

DURA offers a line of water-dispersible driers that can be used in alkyd dispersions/emulsions. Our WDX driers have been specifically formulated for ease of incorporation into the coating. How-ever, premixing of the driers with water or glycols/glycol ethers is recommended to further improve drier compatibility to avoid the problems associated with drier incompatibility due to solvent polarity differences. We also offer DriCAT 507 as a cobalt-containing drier blend for these systems as well as DriCAT 508 as a cobalt-free drier for urethane alkyds.

DURA offers a line of Ultra-Low VOC Driers formulated in methyl soyate as solvent with non-volatile matter in excess of 95%. These driers are ideal for very low VOC coatings. These driers can be readily incorporated into most solventborne coatings and have also been found to be compatible and stable in a number of waterborne resins, especially alkyd emulsions. Driers based on cobalt, manganese, calcium and zirconium are immediately available while other metals can be provided upon request.

DURA can provide a variety of combination driers upon request. The mentioned types are just some examples.Dura supplies the Nuodex, Nuxtra, and Nuact brand names only in North America.

DriCAT 408 is a special cobalt-free drier catalyst for oxidatively drying urethane alkyd lacquers. Clear floor coatings based on urethane modified lacquers show mostly a dark color when cobalt is used as a drier. DriCAT 408 is a drier complex that can be combined with, for example, zirconium and calcium and will assure good drying properties of urethane alkyds while keeping the hue as light as possible.

DriCAT 408 SPECIAL COBALT-FREE DRIER

DriCAT DRIERS FOR HIGH SOLIDS SYSTEMS

XL Dri PROMOTERS FOR HIGH SOLIDS and WATER-BORNE SYSTEMS

DriCAT DRIERS FOR ALKYD EMULSIONS

ULTRA-LOW VOC DRIERS

DRIER RECOMMENDATIONS (continued)

DURA Drier Recommendations www.durachem.com

VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT (1) MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM ZINC LEAD DriCAT10 (2) DriCAT 16 (2) DriCAT7 (2) REMARKSDriCAT 18 (3)

% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % MetalALKYDSLong Oil (Soya) 0.03-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -

0.02-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 0.02-0.06 - - - - - Improved Through Dry0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.2-0.3 - Good Performance0.03-0.06 - - 0.03-0.06 - 0.3-0.6 - - - Restricted- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall Dry

Long Oil (Linseed) 0.03-0.05 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - -0.03-0.05 - 0.1-0.3 0.03-0.05 - - - - Improved Through Dry0.03-0.05 - - - - 0.2-0.3 - Good Performance0.03-0.05 - - 0.03-0.06 - 0.3-0.6 - - - Restricted

Long Oil (Others) 0.03-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -0.03-0.06 - - - - - - 0.2-0.3 - Good Performance- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall Dry

Medium Oil (Soya) 0.03-0.05 - 0.2-0.4 0.03-0.05 - - - - -0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performance- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall Dry

Medium Oil (Linseed) 0.03-0.06 - 0.2-0.4 0.03-0.5 - - - - -0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performance0.02-0.04 - - - - 0.3-0.6 - Restricted

Medium Oil (Others) 0.01-0.02 0.01-0.02 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -0.02-0.03 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performance

Short Oil (Soya) 0.04-0.06 - 0.2-0.4 0.03-0.05 - - - - -0.03-0.05 - - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 Good Performance0.04-0.06 - - - 0.1-0.2 - - - - Increased Hardness

Short Oil (Castor) 0.03-0.06 - 0.2-0.4 0.02-0.04 - - - - -0.03-0.05 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performance

Short Oil (Tall) 0.03-0.05 - 0.2-0.4 - - - - - -0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performance

OILSLinseed - 0.02-0.03 0.1-0.2 - - - - - -

Raw 0.02-0.03 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good PerformanceBoiled 0.01-0.02 0.02-0.06 - - - - - - -Alkali Refined - 0.02-0.03 0.1-0.2 - - - - - -Heat Bodied 0.02-0.03 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -

Soya Bean Raw 0.02-0.03 0.02-0.03 - - - - - 0.02-0.03 -Heat Bodied 0.05-0.1 - - - - - - - -

Castor Dehydrated 0.04-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -0.03-0.05 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performance

OTHERSPolyurethane 0.02-0.04 - - - 0.05-0.1 - - 0.02-0.04 -

(Oil Modified) - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.1 - Good Performance- - - - - - - - 0.05

Modified Alkyds 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 -- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall Dry

Vinyl Toluene Alkyds 0.02-0.04 - - 0.1-0.2 - - - - -- - - - - - 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.1 - Good Performance

Styrene Alkyd 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Rosin Phenolics 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Acrylic Modified 0.03-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Spar Varnish 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Epoxy Ester 0.02-0.04 - - - - - 0.05-0.1 -

VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT (1) MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM ZINC XL Dri DriCAT 3 DriCAT 12 Dural A-MS REMARKS

% Metal % Metal % Metal %Metal %Metal As Supplied % Metal % Metal % Metal

High Solids 0.03-0.06 - 0.2-0.6 - - 0.2-0.3 - - -0.03-0.06 - - - - 0.2-0.3 - 0.2-0.3 -0.03-0.06 - - - - - - - 0.2-.0.3 Excellent Hard Dry0.01-0.03 - - - - 0.2-0.3 0.03-0.05 - - Heavy Film Build

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VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM ZINC LEAD DriCAT 10 (2) DriCAT 16(2) REMARKS _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal

ALKYDS Medium Oil (Soya) .01 - .03 - - - - - - .05 - 0.1 Best

sroloC kraD 1.0 - 50. - - - - - - - detcirtseR - - 3.0 - 2.0 - - - - 30. - 10.

ssendraH desaercnI - - - 51.0 - 1.0 - - - 30. - 10. Medium Oil (Linseed) .01 - .03 - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 Best

ssendraH desaercnI - - - 51.0 - 1.0 - - - 30. - 10. detcirtseR - - 3.0 - 2.0 - - - - 30. - 10.

Short Oil (Soya) .005 - .01 - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 sroloC kraD norI 600. - 400. dna esenagnaM 600. - 400.

roloC tseB 1.0 - 50. - - - - - - - Short Oil (Tall) .005 - .01 - - - 0.1 - 0.15 - - -

roloC tseB - 40. - 20. - - - - - - Short Oil .01 - .03 - 0.2 – 0.4 - - - - - (Dehydrated Castor) .01 - .03 - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.3

sehsiniF elknirW - - - - - - 1.0 – 60. 1.0 - 60. Maleic / Castor .005 - .01 - - - 0.1 - 0.2 - - - Hardest Film

roloC tseB 2.0 - 1.0 40. - 20 - - - - - - Modified Phenolic .005 - .01 .005 - .01 - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2

HIGH SOLIDSPolyester / Melamine - - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 Reduced Bake Schedule (Acid Catalyzed)

VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM DriCAT 97(2) DriCAT 408 DriCAT 507 DriCAT 508 REMARKS

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal As Supplied As Supplied As Supplied

ALKYDS (Dispersible) 0.05 - 0.15 - 0.15 - 0.3 0.15 - 0.3 - - - - Air Dry or Bake

noitneteR yrD retteB - - - - - - - - - - - 0.15 - 0.3 0.15 - 0.3 - - - Best Dry

ylnO senimA yraitreT htiW - - - - 2.0 - 1.0 2.0 - 01.0 80.0 - 40.0 -

(Soluble) - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 - - - Bake Systems yrD tseB - - - 6.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 51.0 3.0 - 51.0 - -

OTHERS Urethane (Oil Modified) - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 - - - Best Color Alkyd (Chain Stopped) 0.05 - 0.15 - 0.15 - 0.2 0.15 - 0.2 - - - - Alkyd (Acrylic Modified) - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 - - - Best Initial Dry & Retention Linseed Oil (Soluble) - - - - 0.1 - 0.3 - - - Best Color

emiT yrD retrohS - - - - 51.0 - 1.0 51.0 - 1.0 - 60.0 - 20.0

LATEX MODIFIERSOil (Linseed & Soya) 0.02 - 0.04 - 0.1 - 0.15 0.1 - 0.15 - - - - Maleinized - - - - 0.2 - 0.4 - - - Best Color Alkyd (Linseed & Soya) 0.02 - 0.04 - 0.1 - 0.15 - - - - - (Castor) 0.02 - 0.04 - 0.1 - 0.3 0.1 - 0.3 - - - - Alkyd Emulsion - - - - - 7.20-10.8/100 gal. 3.7 lb./100 gal. 7.20–10.8 Best Ease of Introduction

VEHICLE OR TYPE DriCAT 2712 DriCAT 2508 DriCAT 2005 DriCAT 4012 REMARKS _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal

Ultra-Low VOC Alkyd 0.03- 0.15 0.03- 0.15 0.15 - 0.3 0.15 - 0.3 90+% Solids Driers for sgnitaoC COV woL-artlU

(1) Expressed as % metal on vehicle solids, i.e., - 100 lb. resin at 50% solids = 50 lb. resin solids. To obtain .04% metal on resin solids we have – 50 lb. (resin solids) x .04% (% metal required) / 12 (% metal Duroct® Cobalt 12% driers):

40.0 x .bl 05 = 0.167 lb. of Duroct® Cobalt 12% driers 21

(2) Proprietary metal complexes

(3) DriCAT 18 driers should be considered in place of DriCAT 16 if color is of primary concern, especially if very long length of alkyds or 100% oil based coatings

In view of the continued progress being made in resins and other paint raw materials, these recommendations are offered primarily as starting points from which the formulator may proceed as required in individual cases. This information is furnished without warranty, representation, inducement or license of any kind, except that it is accurate to the best of Dura Chemicals, Inc.’s knowledge or obtained from sources believed by Dura Chemicals, Inc. to be accurate, and Dura Chemicals, Inc. does not assume any legal responsibility for use or reliance upon same. Tests should be carried out only by chemists or chemically qualified lab technicians. Before using any chemical, read its label and Material Safety Data Sheet.

® Registered Trademark of Dura Chemicals, Inc.

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