DUNG AN INDICATOR OF ANIMAL HEALTH

– DR KEDAR KARKIM.V. St. (PREVENTIVE VET. MEDICINE.)

BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION

COMPLEX PROCESS DIGESTION OF FOOD TERMINATE WITH EXCRETION OF DUNG.

VOIDED FROM ANUS BY ACT OF DEFICATION.

CONTD:::::

MANY CHANGE IN DIFFERENT PART OF DIGESTIVE TRACT.

SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON STATE OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

CONTD:::::

CONTAIN RESIDUS OF FOOD INGESTED.

CERTAIN PRODUCT ADDED DURING DIGESTIVE PROCESS.

CONTD:::::

COMPOSED OF WATER INORGANIC SALTS, BACTARIA BACTARIAL FERMENTATION

GROSS EXAMINATION PROVIDE CLUE OF DISEASE OF DIGESTIVE TRACT.

CONTD:::::

CLUE FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS SYSTEMIC DISEASE.

NORMAL COW DEFECATE-30-50 KG PERDAY DEVIDED INTO -10-40 PORTION.

CONTD:::::

REDUCTION DUE TO DECREASE INTAKE OF FEED WATER.

RETARDATION OF PASSAGE THROUGH ALIMENTARY TRACT.

ABSENCE:::::

DENOTES-CASTRO-INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.

COLOUR OF DUNG AS INDICATOR.

IN HEALTHY WEANED CALVES := NORMALLY YELLOW-BROWN OF GRAY.

DAY OLD-3 WEEK OLD CALVES=PALE YELLOW OR WHITE COLOUR WITH STRECHED, BLOOD FLECKS.

CONTD:::::

INDICATIVE OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC COLIBACILLOSIS.

WHITISH-GRAY TO YELLOW MIGHT BE DUE TO SALMONELLOSIS.

IN HEALTHY CATTLE

DARK GREEN= GRAZING ANIMAL

BROWNISH OLIVE= STALL FEEDING

YELLOWISH BROWN = FEDON CEREALS OR MAOZE FODDER.

IN DISEASE CONDITION

OLIVE-GRAY- DIARRHOEA DUE TO VARIOUS CAUSE e.g. ACUTE SALMONELLOSIS.

PALE OLIVE TO GRAY= OBSTRUCTION OF BILE DUCT.

CONTD:::::

LIGHT COLOUR YELLOWISH BROWN=RUMINAL ACIDOSIS

BARK BROWN OF BLACK AND TARRY=OCCULATED BLOOD ORIGINATING FROM ABOMASUM.

CONTD:::::

DARK GREEN TO YELLOW=REDUCED ACID PRODUCTION IN ABOMASUM.

VILLIOUS ATROPHY IN OSTERTAGIASIS

LIGHT RED TO DARK RED.

BLEEDING FROM POSTERIOR PORTION OF INTESTINE.

CONSISTANCY OF DUNG AS INDICATORS.

DEPEND UPON

WATER CONTENT.

TYPE OF FEED

CONTD:::::

LENTH OF TIME INGESTA REMAINED IN DIGESTIVE TRACT.

NORMAL WATER CONTENT.

HEALTHY CALEDS:65-75%

ADULT CATTLE:80-90%

NORMAL CONSISTANCY IN CLAVES

MEDIUM TO PORRIDCE LIKE.

IF FED MILK REPLACER

STEAKY,GREASY,OR PASTY.

NORMAL CONSISTANCY IN ADULTS.

PULP

NAKE ROUND PAT.

WITHOUT MUCH SIDEWAY SPLASHING.

ABNORMAL CONSISTANCY. EXCEPTIONALLY GREASY OF PASTY

FAECES COVERD WITH OIL FILM -

LEFT SIDE DISPLACEMENT OF ABOOMASUM.

FOAMY RLUID, YELLOWISH BROWN FAECES: LACTIC ACIDOSIS OF RUMEN.

ABNORMAL CONSISTANCY.

STICKY AND TENACIOUS FAECES

OBSTRUCTION OF FORE STOMACH.

(VAGUS INDIGESTION, CHRONIC PERITONMS)

WATER FAECES MORE THAN 90%

WHOLE HERD CAUSE MAY BE.

COPPER DEFFICIENCY ABSENIC POISONING LEAD AND SALT POISONING

INFECTION LIKE

SALMONELLOSIS

COCCIDIOSIS

MUCOSAL DISEASE.

INFECTION LIKE

RINDER PEST

P.P.R.

FASCIOLIASIS

INFECTION LIKE

ASCARIASIS

OESOPHAGOSTEMIASIS

OSTERTAGLASIS

INFECTION LIKE

PARAMPHISTOMIASIS.

OSTERTAGIASIS.

IF SINGLE ANIMAL AFFECTED

COUSE MAY BE OUTSIDE DIGESTIVE TRACT.

FOOD WATER.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

HARD FAECES CONSTIPATION

HAEMONCHOSIS IN ADULT CATTLE

ASCARIASIS IN CALVES.

ODOUR.

NORMALLY NO MALODOUR.

OBJECTIONABLE ODOURS DUE TO.

PUTRIFICATION OR FOR MENTATION OF INJESTA

ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMATION

IN CALVES:::::

FOUL SMELLING EXCRETA.

ENTERITIS DUE TO ENTEROTOXIGENIC COLIBACILLOSIS.

PENETRATING AND PUNGENT SMELL INDICATES.

SEVER CATARRHAL, HAEMORRHAGIC, PSEUDO MEMBRANOUS ENTERITIS.

ENTERITIS ACCOMPANYING GENERALISED PURULENT PERITONITIS.

ACIDIC SMELL IN DIARRHOEIC FAECES.

EXCESSIVE ADMINISTRATION OF CARBOHYDRATE LIKE GLUCOSE, LACTOSE.

FOETED AND FOUL SMELL.

CHRONIC ENTERITIS.

FASCIOLIASIS.

PARAMPHISTOMIASIS.

IN ADULTS.

ACIDIC SMELL-ACIDOSIS RUMEN.

PETROLIUM LIKE SMELL-POISINING WITH MINRAL OIL

CHRONIC DIARRHOEA WITH NO ABNORMAL ODOUR-RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CIRCULATORY CONGESTION.

ABNORMAL CONTENT. MUCOUS- INCREASED TRANSITE TIME.

PLUG OF MUCOUS-FUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM.

TRANSLUCENT OF WHITE MUCOUSE-INDICATION OF OMASAL PARSIS.

RED OR BLACKISH RED MUCOUS MIXED WITH BLOOD - INDICATIVE OF INTESTINAL OCCLUSION.

FIBRIN

FIBRINOUS- ENTERITIS-SALMONELLOSIS.

BLOOD.

FRESH BLOOD--INTESTINAL HAEMORRHAGE.

HAEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS OF LARGE INTESTINE.

BLACK TARRY FAECES.

HAEMORRHAGE IN INTESTINE.

SWALLOWING OF BLOOD COUGHED UP FROM PULMUNORY HAEMORRHAGE.

DUNG ALSO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF. INTESTINAL PARASITE-SEGMENT

OF CESTODE

HELMINTH OVA- PARAMPHISOM--MONEZIA.

BACTTERIA, VIRUS, FUNGUS ONLY SEEN IN LABORATORY CULTURE OF FAECES.