Toxoplasmosis gondii

Dubey, J. P. 2006. http://www.parasitology.com.cn/UploadFile/200957135243451.JPG

A Euglenoid: Euglena gracilis

Ex. EuglenaHas algal and protozoan characteristics.Has a primitive mouth.Does not have a cell wall.Has an eyespot.Has flagellum.

Foraminiferans and Radiolarians

Heterotrophic single cells with chalky or glassy shells live in great numbers in the world’s oceans; cytoplasm extends through many pores

Paramecium

Parasitic Water Molds

Filaments of Saprolegnia infect fish in aquaria

Slime Molds Have both fungal

and protozoal characteristics.

May be cellular or acellular.

Found in soil and on rotting logs.

www.genome.gov

Slime Molds

www.treknature.com

Acellular Slime Molds

Also called plasmodial slime mold. Also produce a stalk and spores. Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells.

forms large masses of motile, multinucleated protoplasm.

Cellular Slime Molds

Begin life as ameba-like organisms. If harsh conditions ensue, individual

organisms will fuse together to form a motile, multicellular form that is called a slug.

Slug becomes a fruiting body which consists of a stalk and spore cap.

Spores released and are airborne. If suitable habitat is found, a spore

becomes an ameba.

Protozoan Reproduction Asexual reproduction

Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells.

Schizogony Multiple nuclear divisions before cytoplasmic

divisions. Results in more than 2 daughter cells.

Sexual reproduction Gametocyte production

2 haploid gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygote.

Protozoan Classification Based on method

of locomotion. Major groups

Amoebae Pseudopodia

Flagellates Possess

flagella Ciliates

Possess cilia Nonmotile

protozoa Called

sporozoa

Amoeba. Naegleria fowleri. classes.midlandstech.edu

Flagellate. Giardia lamblia. www.pathobio.sdu.edu.cn

Cilate. Balantidium coli. www.tulane.edu

Nonmotile. Plasmodium vivax. www.dpd.cdc.gov

What is the world’s largest organism?

Blue Whale

Giant Sequoia

Honey Mushroom, Armillaria spp.

Fungi

Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes. Reproduce asexually and sexually. 5 phyla

based on their mode of sexual reproduction. Lack chlorophyll. Have a cell wall made of chitin. Are saprophytes

“garbage disposers” of nature.

Unicellular Yeast

3-8 µm in diameter. Found in soil and water and on

skin of many fruits and vegetables.

Reproduce by an asexual process called budding.

Results in the production of a type of asexual spore called a blastospore.

Responsible for beer, wine, leavened bread.

Some species are human pathogens (i.e. Candida albicans).

Yeast cells budding. immunenhance.com

Multicellular Fungi Possess

hyphae A hypha is a

tube-like cell. A mass of

hyphae forms a mycelium.

Septate hyphae have cross walls or septations.

Non-septate hyphae lack cross walls or septations.

Hyphal structure with septae. www.fungionline.org.uk

Multicellular Fungi Reproduction

Sexual or asexual reproduction. Can produce sexual or asexual spores. Sexual spores form by the fusion of 2

gametes. Asexual spores form in many different

ways.

Molds Consists of many

types of multicellular fungi.

Have great commercial importance.

Consists of many antibiotic producing molds like Penicillium.

Used to make many different kinds of cheese.

Penicillium, a genus of green mold, attacks many fruits and is the source of the antibiotic drug penicillin. www.britannica.com

Moldy bagel. www.sciencedaily.com

There are other types of fungi that are multicellular and are

not considered microorganisms.

Fungi and Disease Are responsible for

diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

In humans, infections could be superficial affecting the skin,

hair, fingernails, toenails.

Some of these fungal infections can be more internal and thus be more severe.

Ringworm. Tinea corporis. www.research.usf.edu

Madura foot.

Lichens Mutualistic

relationship between an alga and a fungus.

Are tough and self-sufficient.

Can inhabit inhospitable habitats such as deserts, newly formed volcanic islands, the Arctic, bare rock.

Grow slowly Arctic colonies grow 1-

2 inches every 1000 years.

Some thought to be over 4000 years old.

The End