Dual Use Hybrid Power and Energy Systems in the High ArcticCanada’s Northern/Remote Communities •300 Northern Communities, which are isolated from each-other and the grid. •Numerous

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017

Dual Use Hybrid Power and Energy

Systems in the High ArcticMartin Kegel, Natural Resources Canada

IESMA Session 4

November 15, 2018

Classification: NATO UNCLASSIFIED

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2018

NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA (NRCan)• Mandate:

Improve the quality of life of Canadians by enhancing the responsible development and use of Canada’s resources, including energy, forests, minerals and metals.

• Four strategic priorities:

1. Expanding markets and global partnerships

2. Unlocking resource potential through responsible development

3. Innovating for competitiveness and environmental performance

4. Leveraging S&T knowledge for safety and security risk management


Innovation and Energy Technology Sector

Minister’s Office

Deputy Minister’s Office

Innovation and Energy Technology Sector (IETS)

Assistant Deputy Minister

Science & technology

leader in the fields of:

Earth Sciences

Energy

Forests

Minerals and Metals

Office of Energy

Research and

Development

Canmet Research

Centres

Policy and Planning

Branch

CanmetENERGY

Varennes, QC

CanmetENERGY

Ottawa, ON

CanmetENERGY

Devon, AB

CanmetMATERIALS

Hamilton, ON


CanmetENERGY Research Centres

• Enhance the responsible development and use of Canada’s resources.

• Provide tools and develop knowledge to help decision makers.

• Collaborate with other federal departments to support the advancement of scientific projects.

• Support federal department GHG emission reductions by 40% by 2030 and 80% by 2050.


Department of National Defence (DND)

• Canada’s Defence Policy: “Strong, Secured, Engaged”

– Defence Energy and Environment Strategy


• Since 2010, multi-departmental efforts have been undertaken to reduce the

Department of National Defence’s dependency of diesel fuel of their

infrastructure and deployed camps.

• Dual-Use (military and civilian) for diesel reduction strategies of Northern/Remote

Communities.

Canadian Joint Operations Command (DND)• Responsible for conducting full-spectrum CAF Operations

NRCan-CanmetENERGY• Canada’s leading research and technology organization in the field of

clean energy

Defence Research and Development Canada (DND)• National leader in defence and security science and technology

Federal Department Collaboration


Canada’s Northern/Remote Communities

• 300 Northern Communities, which are isolated from each-other and the grid.

• Numerous remote data communication and data logging stations throughout the North.

• Lack of local resources and harsh climate results in a heavy dependency of diesel fuel for electricity production and space heating.

Reference: https://www.northernstrategy.gc.ca/cns/cns-eng.asp


DND Northern/Remote Sites

• In the Arctic, DND has approximately 120 buildings and 60,000 m² of heated floor area. Sites/infrastructure that have a heavy reliance of diesel fuel, which must be flown in in some instances.

• Many other sites for remote telecommunication and data-logging with heavy reliance of fossil fuel.

CFS Alert Aerial view of main complexRef: http://www.troywoodintarsia.com/alert/aerial5.html

CFS Alert Telecommunication System, Ref: NRCan Defence Research and Development, Gascoyne Inlet, Ref: DRDC


Challenge: How can we lower diesel dependency?• Cold Temperatures < - 50°C • Polar night – can be 150 days long (CFS Alert) • Strong demand on space heating (80% energy end use for space heating)

Building Roadmap

Reduce

Recover

Generation

- Envelope- Operation - Lighting

- Waste Heat- Exhaust

- Renewables


Demonstrating diesel dependency reductions• In collaboration with DND, CanmetENERGY has been involved in several projects

demonstrating various aspects of the roadmap to reduce diesel dependency in a variety of scales.

• Solutions demonstrated can be replicated to other communities in the North.

Integrated Camp Utility – Technologies, Varennes, QC Direct methanol fuel cell + solar power, Gascoyne Inlet Polar Continental Shelf Program Facility, Resolute, NURef: http://cnnro.ca/polar-continental-shelf-program/


Gascoyne Inlet - Remote Data logging station

• Underwater acoustic arrays to be operated multiple times daily for extended operation.

• Location: Nunavut (75°N).• Power draw is 500 W + auxiliary.• Operation would require at least 2,500 L of

diesel using a small 3 hp generator.• Deployed a hybrid direct methanol fuel cell

(DMFC) and solar photo-voltaic (PV) system.• DMFC produces 110 W.• Solar PV generates 530 W peak.• 312 Ahr battery storage.• System consumes ~175 L of methanol per year.• Demonstration of concept for replication in

other sites.• Future work to extend operation through wind.

Direct methanol fuel cell and data logging cabinet Solar PV arrays outside of hut


Polar Continental Shelf Program Facility, Resolute• Facility of 8 buildings in combination with DND Arctic Training Centre.• Increased operation demands resulted in a 500% and 800% increase in

energy demand and operational costs respectively, over 2005 levels.• Electricity requirements met from community diesel generators.• 80% of infrastructure energy requirements are for space heating.

Reduce

Recover

Generation

Reduction in heating load- Improved envelope

Alternative Power Generation- Solar PV (8% annual cost savings)- Wind (12% annual cost savings)- Diesel Generators (36% annual cost savings)

Recover Heat- From exhaust- Cogeneration (50% annual cost savings)

Polar Continental Shelf Program Facility, Ref: NRCan


Canadian Forces Station Alert

• Most Northern occupied facility in the planet.• Location: Nunavut (82°N).• Annual diesel consumption ~2,000,000 L.• Hybrid Power?

• Through cogeneration, diesel generators play a critical role in meeting facility heat demand.

• Study to evaluate and demonstrate potential of using Arctic Ocean as a heat source (Sea Water Heat Pump).

• If suitable, solution would be demonstrated for replication in other communities.

CFS Alert Aerial view, Ref: Unknown CFS Alert Main power Plant, Ref: NRCan


Community Level Hybrid Power – Colville Lake

• Small community ~ 160 people.• Location: Northwest Territories (67°N).• Aging diesel plant due for replacement. • Hybrid Power?

• Collaborative project with Northwest Territories Power Corporation to demonstrate solar potential in the North.

• 136.5 kW solar power + 232 kWh battery storage + 350 kW diesel generators

• Result is a 27% reduction in diesel plant use and just over 37,000 L of diesel per year.

• Diesel generators could be turned off during the summer.

• Solution can be replicated in other communities.

Slide taken from NTPC Colville Lake Power Plant Presentation, Ref: www.NTPC.com

Solar PV Array, Ref: www.NTPC.com


Tactical Deployed Camps• Dependency on open flame systems to meet:

• Lighting• Cooking• Heating

• Batteries widely used for communication and surveillance equipment.

• Joint Arctic Experiment used to demonstrate alternative power and energy solutions. Typical 10 person tactical shelter, Ref: http://www.espritdecorps.ca/hooper/

Insulated Shelter, Ref: DRDC Direct methanol fuel cell and battery pack, Ref: Ultracell

Electricity & Heat

Demonstration of thermal and electricity network, Ref: NRCan


Deployed Camps• Heavy reliance on diesel fuel to meet shelter

heating and electricity demands.• Shelter heating can represent 80% of energy

requirements in the Arctic.• Diesel dependency reduction solutions could

be replicated to other communities.

Operation Nanook, 2012, Inuvik, Ref: DND

2013• Demonstration of recovering

heat from diesel generator to reduce energy demand by 50%


Software Tools• To identify suitable energy reduction initiatives the use of building/shelter energy modeling

tools are beneficial.

• Permits the user to rapidly identify, assess and optimize the technical and financial viability of potential clean energy projects.

• Supported by DND to meet their infrastructure targets promoting the software to other Federal Departments and commercial sector.

• Used for Greening Government Operations – lead by example.

• Permits the user to quickly develop a camp energy model to predict the power and energy requirements.

• Supported by DND to develop the software tool with eventual sharing to other NATO Nations.

• Part of the NATO Science for Peace and Security Project G5525.


Energy Metering Tools

“If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it”Lord Kelvin

• In collaboration with DND, rapidly deployable energy metering kits were developed to acquire baseline data of their deployed camps.

• These energy metering kits are now being adapted for permanent infrastructure to provide baseline data and energy efficient technology assessments.

• Also the basis for the NATO Science for Peace and Security Project G5525.

Shelter energy end use metering device, Ref: DND

Power distribution unit metering device, Ref: DND


Conclusion• Dual-use applications an important strategy to achieve sustainable power and energy

solutions in small markets.• Strategy has been used to demonstrate hybrid power systems to reduce diesel dependency

in very challenging environmental and remote geographical locations.• Dual-use (military and civilian) applications can also go beyond hybrid power, which can

include demonstration projects of energy efficiency, recovery of waste heat as well as the development of simple to use simulation and energy metering tools for better planning.


Acknowledgements• Funding, support and logistics resources for the work described in this presentation has

been provided by:• Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC, DND)• Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC, DND)• Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP, NRCan)• Greening Government Operation (GGO, NRCan)• Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC)


Questions

Martin Kegel, Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY

[email protected]


Other Community Level Hybrid Power Systems

For additional info: Yves Poissant, Renewable Energy Integration Group Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY

[email protected]

Documents

Dual Use Hybrid Power and Energy Systems in the High ArcticCanada’s Northern/Remote Communities •300 Northern Communities, which are isolated from each-other and the grid. •Numerous