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Distributed Temperature Sensor - Capabilities
Hans Meulman Business Development Manager Optical Fiber Sensing Solutions Yokogawa Europe
DTS Basics
Backscattered
Introduction DTS technology
The fiber optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) method using the Raman-effect has been developed at Southampton University in England, UK in the early 80’s.
The DTS method is based on Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) technology and uses a technique derived from telecommunication cable testing.
The fiber optic-based DTS method measures temperature using optical fiber instead of thermocouples or thermistors
Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS)
Principle Measurement
T1 T2 T3 T4 ……….
DTS Instrument (interrogator)
Distributed Measurement - 1m spatial resolution
Measurement of 50 km – Optical fiber = 50,000 sensors!
Backscattered light provides temperature at every 1m
Standard multi-mode optical fiber
Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS)
Backscattered light
laser
detection
laser pulse
Optical fiber Scattered light spectrum
Temperature dependent
Raman Anti-Stokes
Raman Stokes
Frequency shift
Spectrum Principle
Light is backscattered from natural anomalies within the fiber
This happens at all points within the fiber
Range gating allows specific sections along the fiber’s length to be examined
DTS Measurement Principle
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Spectrum Principle
DTS Applications
Borehole Heel
Temperature Monitor (Steam Chest formation, Breakthrough)
Flow Monitor (Joule-Thomson Effect) (Oil or Gas Flow at each Zone)
Steam Oil
Applications: Downhole Applications
LNG Terminals
LNG Tanker
LNG Tank Vaporizer Governor
Gas Tank
Offloading Pipe Initial Cool Down Monitoring and Leak Detection Reducing Start Up time Preventing Gas Leak
Bottom of Tank Temperature Monitoring Preventing Ground Freezing
Pipe Leak Detection Preventing Gas Leak
Applications: LNG
Inner Tank
Outer Tank
Detecting the leakage
Optical Fiber Cable
DTS can identify small leakage
Applications: LNG Tank leak detection
10
Applications: Monitoring power lines
Monitoring of power transmission line temperature
To check abnormal hot-spot (ground fault, insulation breakdown etc.)
To predict temperature of conductor from cable temperature and current.
Overheating of cable’s maximum operating temperature
Quick detection of small leakage events and monitoring of the pipeline temperature profile.
Pipelines such as LNG, LPG, ammonia, ethylene create cold zones which can be easily detected when leaks occur.
Applications: Pipeline Leak Detection
Customer benefits
No Blank Area: Only one optic fiber can monitor temperature for wide area
Prompt Action: Heated Location Detection in short time (<10sec/Channel)
Full overview: With the optical fibre you can monitor a big area. Give warning what avoid damage on the installation
Applications: Hot Spot Monitoring
Applications: Fire detection in Conveyor systems
Rollers
Belts
1
2 2’
3 3’
4
Optical Sensor Cables
Application
Detection of heat build-up/fire along industrial conveyor systems prior to fire outbreak (woodchips)
DTS detects abnormal temperature at every point of the conveyer.
Applications: Fire Detection for Cable rack system
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Application
Detection of heat build-up/fire in cable tray or rack system
Customer benefits
No Dead spot: Only one optic fiber can monitor temperature along the cables.
Monitoring Wide Area: Multi Channel Monitoring by using Optical Switch
Prompt Action: Heated Location Detection in short time (<10sec/Ch.)
Much more:
– Industrial Facilities
– Tunnels
– Structures & Buildings
– Environments Monitoring
– Dams
– Dykes, Waterways and Harbours
Applications ……..
Fiber optical cable
Advantage of the Optical Fiber Cable
Immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrical discharge (lightning)
Passive operation, intrinsically safe.
Water and corrosion resistant
Excellent resolution and range
Rugged, small size and light weight
Absolute measurement
Low signal loss, sensors may be interrogated for many kilometres
Signal conditioning equipment has much smaller foot print
Fiber Cable The sensor
DTSX Unit
DTSX Modules
DTSX Performance
Spatial Resolution: 1m
Sampling Interval: 10cm, 20cm, 50cm, 1m
Temperature resolution: 0.2 ℃ (3km, 10min) (DTSX200)
Temperature resolution: 0.03℃ (10Km , 10min ) (DTSX3000)
Non-Volatile on-board Memory data storgae (100 traces)
Low Power Consumpotion (full operating Range)
Operation 10W, Standy-by 2W (DTSX200)
Operation 16W, Standy-by 2W (DTSX3000)
Performance Specifications
DTSX Lineup
19 inch compact rack design
Industrial design -40 to +65°C (2 & 4 ch)
Humidity 20-80% RH. Non-condensing
Low weight and footprint (weight 2,5 kg)
Compact Industrial Design
Approvals Compliance
ATEX Type ”n”
CSA Type ”n”
FM : Class I, Div 2, Gps A, B, C, D T4
CSA : Class I, Div 2, Gps A, B, C, D T4
DTSX Modular design
Alarm Management Integrated
Full Alarm management Module inside
30 alarm section to define
Combination of differed alarm types
Alarms available in Process environment
Fully Integrated in DTSX
Alarm Section
High, Low, Rise, Fall & Difference
Integrate Programmable Logic Controller
STARDOM PLC: Programmable Logic Controller
– Control with programmable logic
– Simple or Sequential Process
– Interface with DTSX (Tempurature data & alarm data)
– Embedded I/O
Openness Integrated PLC
Temperature Info
Pressure, flow, temperature relay, buttons indicators….
Conclusion
Advantage of DTS
When there are a large number of sensors to be placed
A single optical fiber can replace many point sensors
When there is no a priori knowledge of sensor placement
Not always possible to determine the correct location/position for temperature sensor
When electrical temperature monitoring is impractical
Situation where there is a large amount of electromagnetic noise
When electrical temperature monitoring is unsafe
fiber optic does not present a spark hazard can be a significant safety advantage.
Advantage of DTS
DTS systems represent a cost-effective method for obtaining thousands of accurate, high-resolution temperature measurements.
DTS technology offers a safe and non-intrusive measurement with has the capability to pinpoint the precise location of any warm or cold spot instantly.
Thank you for your attention