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Technical Report No. 4

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

by

J. F. Haw

In Press

Analytical Chemistry 9..-

Department of ChemistryTexas A&M University

College Station, TX 77843

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________________________ .1____________ Office Of Naval Research6c. ADDRESS (City, Stare, and ZIPCode) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)Dept. of Chemistry, MS 1 3255 Cheinistry DivisionTexas A&M University 800 North Quincy StreetCollege Station, TX 77843-3255 Arlincton, VA 22217-5000

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Technical FROM 11/192 To 4/15/9p 4/23/921I16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

In press Analytical Chemistry

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A review of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the period 4/90 - 12/91 with684 references.

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22a NAMF. OF RESPONSIBLE NOIVIDUA;.- -. 11 /ELEPHO'C (Include Area Code) 22c OL: CE SY V:,')LDr. James F. Haw 409/845-1966

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UNIT NO. 868 920414GaL I AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

m INuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyADR03

AUTO3 James F. Haw

AAS03 i Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843TXT03SEN03 1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPEPAR03SENO3 1 NMR cont~r,ues to grow and find new applications. ASENO 3 maturi ig undz:uanding of spin physics has allowed the de-

11 velopment of sophisticated techniques for assigning reso-17 nances, determining internuclear distances, and averaging or

SEN09 24 exploiting orientation-dependent interactions. The recent and5 continuing revolution in biotechnology would not be possible

is without the increasingly elegant NMR methods that are used2 routinely to characterize the structure and dynamics of pro-3o teins and nucleic acids and their interactions with other A L -tj F o r

SEN12 39 biomolecules. NMR imaging has revolutionized diagnostic7 medicine and is beginning to have an impact on nondestructive ,i( JIr

SEN15 17 materials testing. Spatially localized spectroscopy is revealing l t., T i-7 the chemistry of the life process noninvasively.

PAR06 . . [1SFN03 1 The few remaining obstacles to high-resolution NMRsENos 9 spectroscopy of solids are falling rapidly. Multidimensional . k.. i

3 solid-state NMR experiments are revealing the structures ofSEN09 ii catalysts. High-temperature catalytic reactions are being

simulated in NMR probes so that reaction mechanisms may I__SEN2 is be elucidated. NMIR studies of high-T, superconductors have

s been underway in a number of laboratories since shortly after t r b4', , L/sENis is the discovery of the prototypical materials. NMR spectros-

3 copy has proven itself to be exceptionally adaptable to new Av I t 1 ab I 1 ty GodeaSENiS 13 problem areas. A good example of this was recently provided . 'Aval ad/or

1I y Yannoni who accurately measured the bond distances inis Co months before the first crystal structure of a fullerene Dist i S poiali9 derivative was determined.

PAR"SENO3 I NMR spectroscopy continues to be invaluable as a routine

1i technique for the study of structure and dynamics of organicSENN 2t and inorganic compounds. A significant fraction of the articles

s in the chemical literature mentions data obtained by NMR17 spectroscopy, if only in passing; and most chemists readily2s appreciate why Richard Ernst was awarded the Nobel PrizeP s in chemistry for his contributions to NMR spectroscopy.PARI2

sENo3 1 My predecessor surveyed the literature through March ofSEN0e 10 1990. A search of Chemical Abstracts revealed 6954 publi-

9 cations on NMR spectroscopy between April 1990 and De-17 cember 1991 and 7936 publications for the entire biennium.

SENoB i The corresponding totals for 1970 plus 1971 and 1980 plusSENI2 12 1981 were 3186 and 5808, respectively. NMR spectroscopy 4'SENIS 4 as a scholarly enterprise is clearly in good health. Ironically,

3 the number of NMR articles published in this journal is downSENis 14 from 29 in 1980-1981 to 18 in 1990-1991. It is clearly in-

5 possible to cite all 6954 publications, and to do so nonselec-SEN21 i5 tively would probably not be much of a contribution. I haveSEN24 4 empnasized a chemist's perspective. I have completely ignored

a clinical work and largely ignored in vivo experiments andSEN27 is studies of excised tissue. Ihave tried to give a balanced A101

coverage of the quickly expanding literature on proteins andSEN30 1s nucleic acids in solutions. The coverage of imaging and

7 spatially localized spectroscopy emphasizes technique de-12 velopment and materials science applications rather than

sN3a igs human or animal studies. The coverage of NMR spectroscopy7 of solids and chemical applications thereof is probably the

is most complete, reflecting my better knowledge of that liter-24 ature.

PARISSENO3 I The division of topics is necessaril arbitrary. For example,sENos 4 some of the citations in the Multidimensional NMR Spec-

12 troscopy section could have been placed in the BiomoleculesSEN0o 2t in Solution section and vice vers. Even the division between

a topics like Synthetic Polymers in Solution and Solid Polymersis seems arbitrary, but division is necessary even if only to reduceis the task of writing this review to a series of manageable steps.

TXTS6SENo3 I BOOKSPARISS NO3 I A number of books on NMR spectroscopy have either been

12 published or caught the eye of other reviewers in the past 20SENGos 24 months. In many cases, it was easier to find a book review

13 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journalni of Magnetic Resonance, or some other publication than to get

sgweo 32 access to the book itself. Making a virtue of necessity, I haveSEN12 9 cited both the books and their respective reviews. There wereSENIS 4 quite a few additions to numbered series (AI-AIO). MarshallSENIS 3 published a new book on the Fourier transform (A 1). Slichter

1 published a third edition of Principles of Magncttc Resonnce

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TXT06PARIS

12 (A12), and several other texts were published and reviewedSESI 21 (A13-A17). Two books discussed bio Iical applications (A1,SEN24 s A19). Others dealt with imaging (A20), polymer micros-SEN27 8 tructure (A21), and 31p (A22). Farrar published a second

a edition of his text Introduction to Pulse NMR Spectroscopyn (A23) and the first volume of this treatment on density ma-25 trices (A24).

TXTSENO3 I CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCEPAR21SENo3 A positive, development in the NMR literature was the

it creation of the journal Concepts in Magnetic Resonan' e whichsame 2o is subtitled 'An Education Quarterly". Each issue publishes

5 three or four tutorials on various aspects of NMR spectros-saEoe 14 copy. The level is variable, but is generally well suited to a

is second-year student specializing in NMR spectroecopy.PAR24sE03 Some of the articles which caught my eye included treat-

it ments of density matrices (BI, B2), instrumentation (B3-B6),is CRAMPS (B7), shaped pulses (B). imaging (B9), and chem-XT ical shift anisotropy (BIO).TITIS

SENo3 I INSTRUMENTATIONPAR27same 1 The best way to learn of new instrumental developments

i in NMR apectroecopy is to attend the annual Experimental2o NMR Conference (ENC) and tour the poster sessions and

sEae 29 vendor suites. The progress in instrumentation development7 in this field is understated by the relatively few papers that

saE is have a primarily instrumental focus. This is due in part tos the tendency of spectrometer and probe vendors not to publish

saNis is in the open literature. NMR spectrocopists also have atendency to downplay the role of instrument development,is relegating its description to a subordinate role in papers de-24 voted to chemical or spectroscopic results or to presentations33 at the ENC.

PAR3esae0 I High pressures are sometimes desirable for forcing equi-

s librium or characterizing a variety of physical phenomena.sao i Two improvements in sample tubes for high -pressure solution

P 3 NMR spectroscopy have been described (CI, C2).PAR e

saE I One of the most important recent advances in solid-stateii NMR spectroscopy was the development of double rotation19 (DOR) and dynamic-angle spinning (DAS) for high-resolution

samee 2s studies of noninteger quadrupole nuclei. These techniques4 are extremely demanding on the design of the spinning sys-

se is tem& Pines and co-workers have described designs of DORto (C3) and DAS (C4) probes and their applications to selected

sEN12 2o problems (see sections on solids). Another spinning systemSENis 5 suitable for DAS studies has also been described (CS). Yan-

2 noni and co-workers described the design of a magic-angle-,o spinning (MAS) probe that works at temperatures down tois 5 K and used it to study carbocations at near-liquid-helium

szmis 29 temperatures (C6, C7). Stebbins has reviewed high-temper-sEN21 5 ature solid-state NMR spectroscopy (CS). Temperatures over

4 1000 K have been achieved with a laser heating system (C9).is and more conventional high-temperature probe designs have

sims s also been reported (CIO, ClI). Iductive heating has also been7 proposed as a method for achieving very high temperatures

szN27 1s (C12). An apparatus for achieving temperature jumps in aI short time has also been reported (C13).

PAUSSsE I Accurate measurement of sample temperatures in NMRsamze : spectroscopy can be a vexing problem. Refinements in ratio

s pyrometry have been reported that seem applicable to verysa is high temperatures (C14, C15). Chemical shift thermometry

a for MAS NMR spectroscopy and its application to measuring14 temperature gradients have received attention (C16-C18).

SEN1s t Low-temperature probe designs for dilution refrigerator (C19)s and matrix isolation experiments were also described (C20).

PARSIsamo I A spinnig speed controller for MAS experiments was de-

to scribed (C21) as were several useful radio-frequency devicessame is (C22-C24). A spectrometer based on adc SQUID that is

,I suitable for NQR and low-frequency NMR spectroscopy hasis been developed (C25).

TTISsENm I DATA PROCESSING, CALCULATIONS, AND

SIMULATIONSPAR42sae 0 The data processing demnds of modern NWR experiments

to continue to grow as a result of multidimensional spectroscopy,is computationally-intensive alternatives to Fourier transfor-23 mation, distance-geometry calculations from NOE data, etc.

sNoe i This has been reflected in two trends in data processingSEN0S 12 hardware. Spectrometer vendors are starting to move awav

9 from in-houe data systems to generic interfaces that connectSEN12 1s to commercial high-performance workstations. Secondly, dataSENIS 4 processing is increasingly performed off-line. Indeed. several

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TXTI5PAR42

4 fairly sophisticated NMR data processing packages aresreis 1i available that run on PCs and McIntosh computers. As NMR

4 spectroscopists begin to make use of recent advances in com-13 putational chemistry, techniques such as molecular mechanics2o and ab initio calculations will be integrated with experimental

SEN21 2a results. This section reviews recent developments in data9 processing and other computer-intensive reports including

is spectral simulation, interpretation, and chemical shift calcu-21 lations.

PAR43SENO3 I NMR data process was reviewed in detail by HoffmanSENOS i and Levy (Dl). Several parts of an introductory review on

9 the Fourier tramsform have appeared in Journal of ChemicalSENOS is Education (D2-D-). Improvements in multidimensional FTSEN12 a data processing have also been discussed (D5, D6). Both linear

4 prediction and maximum entropy methods have been explored12 as alternatives to Fourier transformation, and these methods

SB as 20 have been reviewed (D7). Many workers regard the im-a provements in resolution and sensitivity provided by maxi-

sENts is mum entropy to be purely cosmetic. Jones and Hore haveSEN21 6 critiqued this method (W8, D9). Several improvements in

5 linear prediction methods have been reported (DI0, DI1).SEN24 I Even standard nonlinear least squares has been consideredsEN27 io as an alternative to Fourier transformation (D12). If the FT

s is used (as it still is in almost all cases), the resulting spectrumis requires phase correction; and new algorithms for doing this27 automatically have been reported (D13, D14).

PAR48SEN03 I Computer methods are being used for structural elucidation

io (D15) including the application of neural networks (D16) andsNa is graph theory (D17, D18). Chemical shifts have been analyzed

7 or predicted using structure-property relationships or otherSEN0 14 methods (D19-D30). First-principles calculation of chemical

a shifts have been carried out using ab initio or other molecular17 orbital methods (D31-D38).

PARSISENO3 i Several unrelated computer-intensive studies that alsosnai s deserve citation include the following. A statistical method

5 for correcting for finite pinning speeds in magic-angle-spin-SvN 12 111 spectra was reported (D39). A procedure for interactiveSEN13 e pruct-operator calculations was described (D40). Ernst has

4 discussed computer-optimized TOSCY experiments (D41).sEN1 I Finally, a method to evaluate the octane number of gasolines

is from 'H spectra was reported (D42).TXTI8

SENN I RELAXATION PHENOMENAPARS4Sa" I Relaxation is at least an incidental issue in many of theSEN6is papers cited in other sections of this review. Several stand-outSEN09 4 papers dealing mainly with relaxation are cited here. Anet

3 and co-workers have shown that there can be an antisymmetrics3 component of the shielding tensor that can, under special, circumstances, result in the surprising observation of T2 > T

SEN12 32 (El). Interesting relaxation effects in solids were reportedsENi5 * (E2-ES). Farrr has been exploring differential line broad-

s ening and other relaxation phenomena in solution (E6-E8),is and related ideas have been applied to macromolecules (E9)2s and membrane structure (EI).

PARt7SaN3 I Several unrelated relaxation studies also caught my eye.Sam I Relaxation rate matrix analysis was discussed for mterproton

io distance determination (Ell), T processes in porous rocksis were studied (E12), T, was uedto probe surface viscositys (E13), and field-ling relaxation spectroscopy was used to

SNeS s study protein becbone fluctuations (E14). Oter contribu-3 tions relating to relaxation theory included a treatment of12 relaxation under continuous rf fields (E15) and solutions of21 the Bloch equations in the linear response approximation29 (El6).TXT21

sEW I MISCELLANEOUS DEVELOPMENTS IN3 SOLUTION NMR SPECTROSCOPY

PAR"s Nm i NMR pulse sequences were once composed nearly exclu-SEN0sos sively of rectangular pulses. Advances in rf electronics and

7 theoretical methods for obtaining shaped pulses tailored foris specific purposes have led to a continuum of designer pulse

swatN 2 sequences. Shaped pulses can be designed using a variety ofii methods including average Hamiltonian theory and iterative

saNti is numerical simulations. Gezelter and Freeman have recently7 reported the use of neural networks simulated on a serial

S NIs 17 computer for the design of shaped pulses (Fl). The earlySeNms 4 results are very encouraging. Shaped pulses aie commonly

6 used for selective excitation (F2, F3).PAR63SIN03 Molecular hydrogen exists in two isomers with a total spinSEN06 12 of 1 (ortho hydrogen) or 0 (para hydrogen). In 1987 Wei-

4 tekamp proposed and later demonstrated that very large12 enhancements in 'H signal intensities could be obtained by21 synthetically incorporating hydrogen enriched in the pars

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TXT21PAR63

2 isomer into a product of interest immediately prior to the rfsz0 n pulse. This effect is analogous to CIDNP and was given the

12 name PASADENA (para hydrogen and synthesis allows dy-SBN12 is namically enhanced nuclear alignment). Eisenbert has re-

4 viewed his own work with para-hydrogen-induced polarizationit (F4), and Bargon and co-workers have demonstrated anis analogous effect with enriched ortho hydrogen (F5). . .PARtS • . , ,I-.

SEN03 I Another new twist that is in its infancy is a laser versionSEN0e 14 of NMR apectroacopy In optical-phase conjugation. The - K 6- sv

3 theory of this radically new form of spectroscopy has been13 outlined by Evans (F6), and Warren has undertaken exper-

SON 21 imental verification. Ultrasound might offer a new way toSEN12 9 manipulate relaxation times (F7). Very strong magnetic field

e gradient pulses are being incorporated in a number of ex-1s perimenta (FW), and high-resolution spectroscopy in a static2s magnetic field radient has been demonstrated (F9, FI0).

sEws i Improvements is cross larization in solution have beensvws t0 reported (FI1-F13). Boenhaen has described a graphical

7 approach for understanding NMR experiments that is moreSEN21 16 intuitive than density-matrix methods (F14). Solvent sup-SEN24 3 pression continues to be an important problem. This area has

s recently been reviewed (W15).TX'4sNo s MULTIDIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTROSCOPYPARtSSENo3 I Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy used to be a fancySEN0e 10 way of saying 2-D NMR spectroscopy. In the last several yearsSEN0e 7 it has come to include 3- and 4-D NMR spectroscopy. Just

s as a 2-D experiment involves an evolution period and a de-1s tection period, a 3-D experiment involves two evolution p i

SEN12 a prior to detection. The three time periods correspond (afterSEws s Fourer transformation) to the three frequency axes. The

3 development of higher-dimensional experiments is largelys motivated by the application of NMR spectroscopy to in-17 creasingly more complicated problems in biological chemistry

sEms 24 involving molecules of ever higher molecular weight. Thes improved resolution afforded by multidimensional filteringa has allowed NMR structures to be determined for proteins

szmi is of 150 residues or greater. Applications to protein structures determination have been covered in two recent reviews (GI,

8s104 is G2). The use of 2-D NMR spectroscopy to study chemical-SN27 io exchange kinetics has also been reviewed (03). There were

4 a number of reports of applying 3-D (G4-GII) and 4-D14 (412-GIS) NMR spectroscopy to proteins as well as appli-n cations of multidimensional NMR spectroscopy to nucleic

szN3o 2 acids (G16-G19). 2-D NMR spectroscopy was applied toa paramagnetic molecules (G20) and at high pressure to study

sEN33 1i phospholipid vesicles (121). An improved method for 2-D7 data collection was also proposed (G22).

sDW0 I BIOMOLECULES IN SOLUTIONPAR72ss03 I There was a large number of applications of NMR toSEN 12 proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules in Solution. In

3 a review article such as this, one cannot hope to do justice tosoe is this large and diverse field. I have attempted to cite repre-

7 sentative work to highlight trends rather than provide ais comprehensive listing of citations.PAR7S

sasM I NMR studies of proteins in solution were reviewed (HI-SEm i0 H3). The combination of NMR spectroscopy and molecular

s mechanics or molecular dynamics has become common (H4-SmEM Is H8). NMR spectroscopy has been used to study proteinSENi2 10 folding (H9-H12), and metal binding (H13-HI 7). Studies of

4 binding to cytochrome c (HI8, H19) and nucleic acids (H20-smsn i H22) have also been reported. Paramagnetic effects continuesis s to be exploited in protein studies (H23-H26). Triple-reso-

2 nance studies have probed protein structure (H27, H28).smt i Loops in nucleic acids were studied (H29, H30). Carbohy-

SENa 2 drates were the subject of other investigations (H31, H32).TXT3Sam1 I SYNTHETIC POLYMERS IN SOLUTIONPAR7SSmM a This field has reached a high level of maturity. 13C NMRsaum 4 analysiofpolymerswasrecentlyreviewed(11). FanalysisSENiS 4 his been applied to Naion (12). The chemistry of poly-

a phosphasne. and related materials has been studied (13-15).sEis i Many studies have dealt with microstructures (16-110) orsE5is conformation ( 11, 112). 2-D NMR spectroscop was used toSEN21 s probe polymer-polymer interactions (113). A' 'Vstudy of a

7 soluble polydiscetylene was reported (114).TXT3sEs I INORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SOLUTIONPARSISENW i One of the more interesting applications of NMR spec-

to troscopy in recent years was the proposal by Hamilton and2o Crsbtree that 'H T, measurements could be used to distin-29 guish between classical and nonclassical transition-metal

SENe 35 hydrides. Halpern and co-workers recently published a de-

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PARBls tailed assessment of this method (JI) which also serves as a

SEN0 o good overview of the relevant literature. Olah has publishedsRN12s NMR studies of inorganic ions (J2, J3). Bell has studied

s aluminosilicate and borosilicate solutions (J4), while Oster-it young has characterized molten salts (J5).PAR54

SENO3 I Variable-temperature and/or variable-pressure measure-smwo s ments have been used to characterize dynamics (J6-JO). '70

3 analysis has been applied to polyoxo complexes (Jl, J12).sN0e I '9Pt NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the chemistrySKNI 12 of anticancer agents (J13-J16). NMR analysis of various other

7 metal nuclei has been applied to a range f chemical problems;is a representative sampling is cited (J17-J26).TXT3

SEN03 I SOLIDS IN GENERALPARM7sN3os i Some recent developments in NMR analysis of solids havesane i1 been reviewed by Chmelka and Pines (KI). One of the more

a interesting new experiments has been Tyko's developmentsiMce is of zero-field NMR spctrocpyin high field (K2, K3). Several

3 approaches for the study of dynamics by multidimensionalii spectroscopy or line shape analysis have been reported (K4-

SENI2 is K7). An anomalous effect of MAS speed on chemical shiftsit of cuprous halides has been interpreted as due to the Lorentz

sENi5 2 force (K8). Thankfully, this effect is restricted to ionic con-9 ductors

PAR9OSEN03 I Proton and Fluorine Spectroscopy. The spectroscopysE06 4 of abundant spins in solids (usually IH or "9F) is often dom-sEioe is inated by strong homonuclear dipolar couplings. Progress

s continues to be made in coherent averaging by multiple pulseSENi2 13 sequences and/or high speed MAS. Some of the most im-

6 portant applications of IH NMR analysis to solids are in theSENs 17 area of catalysis. Protons are typically chemically dilute on

s oxide surfaces, and MAS at modest speeds usually sufficesSiNis 17 for high resolution. Thus, 'H studies of solid catalysts are

, reviewed in the Adsorption Phenomena and Catalysis section.PARS3sN0n3 I New developments in the spectroscopy of abundant species

to in solids include pulse sequences for homonuclear dipolaris decoupling (K9, K10), elimination of probe ringing in mul-2s tiple-pulse spectroscopy (KI I), and a treatment of residual

szima 34 line widths under MAS (K12,1(13). Applications of -IF NMRSNoe a spectroscopy of solids have been reviewed (K14). An im-

s provement in "F CRAMPS has been described (K15), andi2 fast MAS "F analysis has been applied to materials related

SaNis 22 to dental enamel (K16). Chemical applications of 'HP CRAMPS have also been published (KI 7, K18).PARSE

sEaN0 Distance Measurements. There has been a renaissanceSEN0 7 in the use of dipolar couplings to determine internuclearsENoe is distances. These couplings are inversely related to the thirdS N12 i0 power of the separation. Although nonspinning techniques

s continue to be useful (K19), there have been several break-14 through that have allowed information about dipolar cou-21 plings to be preserved in high-resolution spectra obtained with

simis 3o MAS. Tyko has described the DRAMA sequence for 'dipolarsmls :0 recovery at the magic-angle" (W20). Schaefer and co-workers

s have developed a rapidly growing family of rotational-echo,is double-resonance (REOR) experiments for measuring het-

sN2i is eronuclear dipolar couplings (K21-K27). Griffin and co-4 workers have exploited the rotational resonance condition to

12 measure homonuclear couplings between spin pairs (W28).szN2 I Cross polarization between isolated spin pairs has also been

il proposed for heteronuclear distance determinations (K29).sN2 i Several applications of the above techniques to distance de-

io termination in biomolecules and C6 are cited in the sections2o which follow.

PAR"sin I Spectral Assignment. The development of techniquesSiNe 6 for spectral editing and heteronuclear correlation is procedingSENS 14 vigorously. Burum has described the WIMSE technique for

: distinguishing among CH, CH;, and CH groups in ' CCP/SEN1 is MAS spectroscopy(K30). Sethi has described spectral editing

7 in a one-dimensional separated local field approach (K31).saiws I Two- (K32) and three-dimensional (K33) heteronuclear cor-SENIS s relation experiments in solids have been performed. Dou-

2 ble-quantum filte* has been used to select resonances fromSN2i It pairs of dipa'-coupd spins (K34). An alternative approach

s to spectral editing via cross depolarization" has also been14 proposed (K35, K36).

PARI062

sKNW I Polarization. Several papers have dealt with the polari-SEN09 8 zation of the nuclear spins in solids. Very high polarizations

s have been achieved from a photoexcited triplet state andt4 dynamic nuclear polarization (K37) or alternatively by optical

SEN12 22 pumping (K38). The Overhauser effect has been exploitedSENI in MAS spectra (W39). Hartmann-Hahn cross polarization

has been reexamined (K40-K42).PARIos

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TXT36PARISSENo3 Chemical Shift Anisotropy. There is a lot of interest insm mo 9 further developing methods for recovering CSA data from highsEios is resolution MAS spectra. A variety of strategies for doing this

' were proposed or refined during the period of the reviewSENi2 is (K43-K50). Chemical shift tensors were measured using

s single-crystal methods (K51) and in the presence of dipolarSEN1s 17 couplings (K52). Refinements in the TOSS experiments for

a sideband suppression were also reported (K53-K55).PARlNSEN03 i Coupling and Decoupling. Scalar coupling is usually lessENos 7 important in solid-state vs solution-state NMR as a result of

17 the lower resolution, and in the case of scalar coupling to 1H,sENos 29 the need to remove dipolar couplings. J couplings can be

1 important in UP MAS spectra and for many inorganic com-SEN12 is pounds. In the case of highly mobile systems such as weak-

ii ly-adsorbed molecules on catalysts, plastic crystals, inclusionis complexes, or elastomers, the NMR properties may be in-a termediate between solidlike and solution-like, andeven J

SENis a4 couplin to 'H may be observed. Several articles focused onSENIs 6 J coupling durin the eriod of the review (K56-K62). Im-

2 proved strategies or I dipolar decoupling in "3C MAS NMR12 were also proposed (K63-K65).PARI 11

ssN3 i Quadrupoles. The development of DOR and DAS wasSEN09 9 described above. Several applications of DOR are cited in theSEN12 i0 section on Adsorption Phenomena and Catalysis. Pines hassEN1s 4 described pure adsorption phase DAS (K66). Most experi-

s ments on quadrupoles used MAS or variable-angle spinningsENis ii (VAS) (K67-K75). Several developments in 2H spectroscopyS N21 7 were reported (K76-K79). The effects of dipolar coupling to

s I - I nuclei on the spectrum of spin-'/ 2 nuclei were discussedsEN24 2o (K80-K82). NQR with a dc SQUID was developed (K83).TXT39SEN03 i ADSORPTION PHENOMENA AND CATALYSISPARIi4SsE. 1 The application of NMR methods to the study of catalystseM 12 and adsrbed species continues to grow. At first glance, NMR

a specbrosopy might seem inappropriate to the study of surfacesis dueto its low inherent sensitivity relative to traditional forms

sENeo 2s of surface spectroscopy. Indeed, NMR studies of two-di-6 mensional surfaces have been few in number, and there has

is been little effort to connect NMR studies to the single-crys-sEN12 25 tal-face world of UHV surface science. The virtue of NMR

a spectroscopy is that it is frequently applicable to the actualsN1s Is working catalyst with remarkable sensitivity. Amorphous

3 oxide and zeolite catalysts typically have surface areas mea-stis it sured in tens or hundreds of square meters per gram. Since

3 radio waves readily penetrate through such catalysts, theit NMR experiment integrates over a considerable surface area.

SN21 i NMR spectroscopy is now being used in an in situ mode to14 investigate the reaction mechanisms of various catalytic21 processes.PARIIT

SENN I NMR analysis has also made remarkable contributions toto the understanding of framework structures of zeolites and

S.m is aluminum phosphate molecular sieves. Although most sucha studies involve MAS, DOR was quickly applied to sharpen4 the resonances of quadrupolar nuclei in catalysts.PARI2O

SEN03 i This section also reviews NMR studies of surface-bound1to alkyisilanes as well as clathrates and inclusion complexes.PARi23

s5N03 1 Reviews. Slichter and co-workers have reviewed NMRSimes techniques for the study of supported transition-metal cata-SENe is lysts (LI). Fyfe and co-workers reviewed the use of NMR

10 spectroscopy to determine zeolite lattice structure (L2).SlN12a Klinowki reviewed molecular sieve catalysts (L3, L4). 'HsENIs 3 MAS studies were rviewed by Mastikhin and co-workers (L5).PARI2SENm3 IH Studies. Magic-angle spinning alone generally sufficessoms 7 for reasonable resolution in studies of catalysts, and the re-SN09 is sidual line width may simply reflect heterogeneity (L6). Other

a 'H studies dealt with acid sites and acidity (L7-LII), silanolSEN12 13 groups (L12), and adsorbetes (L13, L14). In a similar vein,

a 117 MAS NMR spectrmopy has also been applied to catalystsis (L15).

PAR129sEm I Zeolite Frameworks. The application of standard 2SiSVE06 7 and/or 2AI MAS NMR spectroscopy to the study of frame-sgmeo Is works is a routine characterization method (LI6-L24). The

3 combination of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray powder dif-swni2 to fraction can be fruitful (L25-L27). Pyfe and co-workers have

s been determining bonding connectivities in zeolites by 2-DsN1s 14 solid-state experiments (L28-L33). Gallium is sometimes

s substituted for aluminum in zeolite synthesis, and '81 Ga MASi4 NMR spectroscopy has been explored in their study (L34,23 L35).

PAR132SENo3 Organic Adsorbates. 11C MAS NMR spectroscopy hasSENOS been used to characterize reaction products on catalysts,

UNIT NO. 864 920414GaL 7 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

TXT39PAiR32SENOB is sometimes after progressive off-line heating (L,6-L41). Haw

3 and co-workers have studied catalytic reaction mechanismsSEN12 10 with an in situ variable-temperature approach. Processes

3 studied include reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons9 (L42-L44), cracking reactions (L45), and methanol-to-gasoline

SENi5 is chemistry (146, L47). MAS NMR spectroscopy has also beens used to study templates (L48-L52) and the effects of adsor-

SENIS 17 bates on 20Si spectra of zeolites (L53). Several studies ad-4 dressed coke formation on catalysts (L54-L58).PARISS

3EN03 I Inorganic Adsorbates. Inorganic clusters and organo-SENW, 5 metallic clusters on catalyst supports are of interest for their

is roles as catalysts, catalyst precursors, or other materials suchSENO 24 as semiconductors. NMR spectroscopy was used to charac-SEN12 7 terize a number of such materials (L59-L65). Molybdenum

3 and vanadium oxides on alumina and silica were studied bySENs 13 26Mo and "IV MAS NMR speiwoecopy (L66-L71). 31P MAS

4 was used to characterize zeolite HZSM-5 modified with or-12 thophosphoric acid (L72).PARI3E

SEN i Metal Surfaces. The NMR observation of species ad-sEN s 7 sorbed on metal surfaces can be complicated by susceptibilitysENIo is problems, Knight shifts, and site heterogeneity. Several

3 studies addressed CO adsorption on colloidal Pt or PdS N12 12 (L73-L75). The observation of CO on a Pt electrode by NMRsENi5 12 spectroscopy has also been reported (L76). CO and other

s adsorbates have been characterized on supported-metal cat-sENis ii alysts (L77-L80). CO and other adsorbates have been char-SEN21 a acterized on supported-metal catalysts (L77-L80). NMR

3 analysis of adsorbed hydrogen has been used to probe chem-sEN24 12 isorption (L81-L86). Promotor effects on supported metals

7 have also been studied (1.87, L88).PARI41SENo3 I Aluminophosphat Molecular Sieves. The growingSENOS 4 family of AIPO 4 frameworks and their derivatives prepared

12 by substituting other elements for Al are well suited orSiNt 23 study. Pines double rotation (DOR) technique has been

applied to obtain high-resolution nAl spectra of these materialsSEN12 1 (L89, L90). 3IP and vAl MAS NMR spectroscopy has also

t0 been applied to characterize AIPO4 frameworks (I91-L96).sM5 ts Adsorption of water and other species has been studied

it (L97-L99), and iisXe NMR analysis has been applied (.100,20 L101).

PARI44SENO3 I Other Applications. Cations in zeoites have been studiedsoe s by 3 Cs, 23a, and other techniques (LI02-LI06). '20Xe NMR

4 spectroscopy has been applied as a probe by Dybowski,13 Fraissard, and others to address a number of problems in

SEN1 23 adsorption phenomena (LI07-LI26). In conjunction with5 multiple-quantum NMR spectroscopy, 12'Xe analysis has been

12 applied to determine adsorbate heterogeneity in zeolite sam-sL ... : ples (L127). Amorphous carbons have been studied (L128,sasos s L129). Diffusion in catalysts has been studied by a pulsed

it field gradient (LI30, L131) and tracer-exchange spectroscopySEN21 is (L132). Acidity has been investigated by NMR analysis ofS N24 i: probe molecules (LI33-LI39). The structure and dynamics

a of alkylsilyl-modified silica have been studied by various14 methods (LI40-L143).

PARI47SIN0 Clathrats and Inclusion Compounds. NMR studiesSEN06 4 of . variety of organic (LI44-LI53) and inorganic (L154-LI58)SEN0s i3 guest molecules have been reported. 12'Xe analysis has been

s applied to the study of clathrates (L159, L160).TXT42SEN03 I SOLID BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMSPARISSSEN0s I Solid Biomolecules. The resolution available in NMRSIN06 7 studies of solid proteins and nucleic acids cannot hope toSENO9 17 approach those of analogous studies in solutions. One reason

4 for this is the lack of conformational averaging in typicalSEN12 14 powder samples. Bryant has shown that the resolution ob-

a taied in 3 C CP /MAS spectra of lyophilized lysozyme canSmNmS 7 be improved by partial hydration (MI). Solid-state studies

4 of biomolecules are motivated by reasons similar to those that34 motivate other such investigations, low solubility, conforms-

SENIS 20 tional change upon dissolution, etc. The resolution problems is frequently dealt with by labeling, or sometimes double

SEN21 34 labeling, the structural feature of interest. The development4 of MAS experiments that preserve dipolar couplings has af-

32 forded the opportunity for doing distance determinations that2o cannot conveniently be done crystallographicaly for a lack

SEN24 2s of suitable crystals. One such method is rotationalresonance,: which is applicable for measuring internuclear distances from

SEN7 is homonuclear dipolar couplings. Griffin and co-workers have6 used rotational resonance to identify the configuration of

SEN30 34 retinal in bacteriorhodopsin (M2). Another very promisings high-resolution technique for distance determinations is the - -

SEN33 12 REDOR experiment. Schaefer and co-workers technique forSEN36 7 distance determinations is the REDOR experiment. Schaefer

.3 and co-workers have used that technique to detect cross-links

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TXT42PARISO

12 in insect cuticle (M3).PARI53SENo Solid-state NMR spectroecopy has also been applied to

io study dynamics in biomolecules including DNA duplex oli-17 gomers (M4, M5), a DNA intercalation complex (M6), proteins2s and peptides (M7-Mg), and model cell membranes (MIO).

SEN06 I Principal components of chemical shift tensors in biomoleculesi1 have been measured in an effort to obtain more structural20 information than that afforded by isotropic shifts alone (MI 1,2 M12).

PARIS6SEN03 i Other work in solid-ste t-t NMRspectroscopy of biomolec-

s ules has been covered in 'cview on DNA (M13) and proteins2o (M14).

TXT45SEN03 i SOLID POLYMERSPARI9SENo3 1 Solid state NMR techniques such as MAS, wide-line 2H,

it and relaxation studies are widely applied to characterize theSmNoS 20 morphology and dynamics of polymers. The structure of the

a polymer is typically known, but this can be the main issue17 in studies of resins and cross-linking.PAR162

SENO3 I Studies of local motions in polymers have been reviewedSEN S 11 (NI). Harris has observed nuclear Overhauser enhancementsSmog s in polymer films (N2). Tonelli has studied polymer chainsSEN12 7 confined to channels in clathrates (N3, N4). Spiess has ad-

4 vanced the use of 2-D NMR spectroscopy to study ultraslow14 chain motion (N).

PARlUSENos I Selected applications of NMR spectroscopy to solid poly-

9 mers are probably most usefully cited on the basis of class ofSE" 21 material. Several studies by Maciel looked at the chemistrySENO io of resins (N6-N9). Diverse polymers of biological origin haveSEN12 s been studied (NIO-N14). Synthetic polymer asses examined

, by NMR spectroscopy included polycarbonates (N15-NI7),1s polystyrenes (NI8-N22), Nylons (N23, N24), PEEK (N25),s liquid crystalline polymers (V26, N27), and polyethylene

sat 2s (N28-N30). Reports were published on the study ef con-a ductive polymers (N31-N33) and polyacetylenes (N34, N35).

SENI , Urethanes have been investigated (N36,N37) as have com-sE2t 10 posites (N38, N39) and a number of blends (N40-N47). The

3 effects of small molecules in polymers have been characterized12 (N48-NSO), and the ubiquitous technique of IXe NMR20 spectroscopy has been applied to polymers (N51, N52).

SENO3 1 SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDSPARIMSEN03 I The application of solid state NMR spectroeopy to prob-smino to lems in inorganic chemistry continues to expand. The div-

3 ersity of elements and problems of interest in that field would14 seem to present a challenge to the organization of the relevant

sum2se NMR literature. Much of it, however, can be grouped intoSENt2 to one of several categories. There were a number of studies

s which related solid-state NMR and X-ray crystallographicSENIS is data (01-09). Studies of stereochemical nonrigidity in solid

s inorganic compounds have become almost as common assENIS Ia analogous studiesinsolutio(010-016). A number of studies

s have been directed at measuring chemical shift tensors and/oris indirect spin-spin coupling tensors in inorganic compounds

SEN21 n (017-023). Variable-temperature studies have probed mag-a netic properties (024, 025), and an improvement in the res-

ts olution of spectra of paramagnetic lanthanide complexes hasSEN24 23 been reported (026). Phosphorus multiple bonds have beenSEN27 7 characterized (027, 028). NMR analysis continues to be

7 applied to the study of phase transitions of various sorts17 (02"-31).PAR1T7SEN03 I Several other studies of interest did not fit into any easilySZNos 13 contrived catAories. The '7q MAS spectrum of #AgI is very

to sensitive to Ag diffusion over a wide temperature range (032).SENOS 1 A single-crystal 23Na study of the sodide Na*(cryptandSEN12 1o [22.2).Na- has been reported (033). "fHg MAS NMR

s spectroscopy has been used to probe coordination number in14 Hg(ll) complexes (034), and 27AI MAS has characterized22 AICI 3-THF complexes (035).TXT51

SENO I INORGANIC MATERIALSPARI74SENos i Some of the more creative applications of NMR spectros-

10 copy to inorganic materials included Eckert's studies ofis non-oxide glasses and related materials (PI-PlO), Stebbins'2s studies of silicates at extremes of temperature and pressureu (PII-P3), and the application of DAS and DOR to "O

SENS6 44 analysis of solid silicates (P14). MAS NMR analysis was alsoSEN09 7 applied to silicates and aluminates (P15-P20). Other classes

4 of materials investigated included semiconductors (P21-P_3),SEN12 i0 ceramics (P24-P28), and inorganic polymers (P29-P33). Clays

1 and other layered materials were also studied (P34-P43).SENis i High-resolution -,A[ spectra of small particles of AF, were

UNIT NO. 86M 920414Gal. 9 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

TXT$1PAR174

it obtained with line narrowing by Brownian motion in a liquid21 phase (P44).TXTS4

SENO0 i FULLERENESPAR177SENO3 1 The discovery and isolation of C, C70, and a growing

12 number of other fullerenes is probably the most interesting21 development in chemistry in recent memory, certainly since

SKNoe 2s the discovery of high-Tc superconductors (see below). Early3 success in fullerene research was controlled to a large extent

13 by access to materials, so it is not surprising that the first2s NMR papers on C6o came from groups at the IBM Almaden3s Research Center (Qi) and AT&T Bell Laboratories (Q2).

SENe i Solid Co undergoes rapid isotropic motion at room temper-io ature that averages the 13C chemical shift anisotropy (Q1, Q2).

SENI2 i This motion is quenched at 77 K, and it was possible to14 measure principal components of the 13C chemical shift tensor

SEN15 23 of220,186, and40 ppm (Q1). These values compare favorablysENis a to a theoretical calculation (Q3). As mentioned in the In-

a troduction and Scope, Yannoni and co-workers used the14 Can-Purcell sequence to measure bond lengths in 13C-enriched

SFN21 22 C,0 at 77 K (Q4). These values were 1.45 + 0.015 and 1.401o * 0.015 A.

PARiSOSEN03 i Fullerenes have proven to be far more reactive than was

12 originally believed, and a systematic chemistry is beginningSEN 2o to emerge. NMR studies of osmylated C60 (Q5) and poly-sFmie s methylated Cmo (Q6) have recently been reported. ESR studies

4 of C - trapped in a zeolite (Q7) and the radical anion of CoT7 (QS) have also appeared.TXT57 perd

SEN03 I HIGH-T, SUPERCONDUCTORSPARIS3SEN03 I NMR experiments are contributing to the understanding

9 of magnetic properties of high transition temperature ceramicSEN0s 17 superconductors. Studies of the YBa 2Cu 30 6 +, series weresEN0 s reviewed by Walstedt and Warren (RI). A number of su-

5 perconductor materials have been investigated by 6 Cu and/or13 ECu (R2-R7), 0 (R--R1l), 2TI (R12, R13), or mY (R14-R16)

SEN12 23 spectroscopy. Relationships between theories of supercon-s ductivity and NMR experiments have also been explored

14 (Ri7-R19).TXT60SENO3 I GAS-PHASE NMR SPECTROSCOPYPARI6SENO3 i NMR studies of gases are generally geared toward under-SENos 1o standing the energetics of collisions. Gas-phase NMR studies

a published during the period covered by this review included14 studies related to conformational processes (SI, $2), nuclear22 shielding (S3-S5), and relaxation phenomena ($6-SB).TXTS3

SENO3 I IMAGING, MICROSCOPY, AND DIFFUSIONPARIS9SENN I NMR imaging has had a profound effect on clinical med-

ii icine, and it is having an effect on chemical problems involvingsame 22 spatial inhomogeneities. One of the most intriguing examples

a of this to catch my eye was the detection of chemical waves20 in the Mn 2 -catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (Ti).

SENos i CIL-ucal aspects of maging and spatially-localized spectroscopya are outside the scope of this review, but the interested reader

SEN1 20 is referred to a good introductory article (T2). Some of thes most common applications of NMR imaging in chemistry and

i4 engineering include diffusion of solvents in swollen polymers22 (T3-T5) and oi. and/or water in porous rock (T6-T8).PARISS

SENe I In the limit of smaller sample sizes and high spatial reso-12 lution, NMR imaging is frequently referred to as NMR mi-

S WE 21 croscopy (T9-TIi). Since microscopy can be performed ins standard wide-bore (89-mm) magnets, it is likely to grow in

same is popularity among. chemists. Volume-localized spectroscopy4 ts important for slice selection in in vivo spectroscopy or other

is problems requiring selective excitation of a spatial region nearsmi 14 the coil (T12-TI4). This can be possible even for solidssFNis a (Ti5-Ti7). Solid-stats NMR imaging has been reviewed

a (TI8), and several improvements or applications of thesemis i:s technique have been reported (T19-i26). In spite of the

a apparent difficulty of imaging a rotating solid, the advantagesSEN2I is of line narrowing have motivated study (T27-T29). NQR

3 imaging has also been reported (T30).PARISS

SENo3 I Field gradients are also used in NMR studies of diffusion,12 dating from the work of Stejskal and Tanner in the mid-60s.

sEme i The availability of pulsed-field gradient coils has extendedSENO 10 the range of this method. Several applications of diffusion

s methods were reported (T31-T36) and others were cited inSEN12 is the section on Adsorption Phenomena and Catalysis. The role

4 of diffusion in imaging studies should not be neglected (T37,14 T38).

TXT66PARI8

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PAR00IS ACKNOWLEDGMENT K

Sam I This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research12 (Grant No. N00014-88-K-0239) and by the National Science

SRaw oei Foundation (Grant No. CHE-8918741). I thank Liz PorterRE e for developing the software used for the bibliographic listings.

SENOO I LITERATURE CIYD

F'H103 I BO0OKS

SENM I (AI) (a) OliN P.. Fkick, E.. Qsuiar, .-. KO&fWd R.. Smll. J.. Eds. MelRSENOS I15 a Rcb anti rnils& pose. Ostgertn and Shif Csttlon; Sprftwe-

SENOB 23 Voting Soft. 1990; Vol. 23. (b) ShaN. H-U.; Apeloig. Y. J1. Am. Chem.10 sac. 1351. 113, toll.

83MW3 I (A2) (a) Rober. J. B.. Guesat Ed. NAP ati Pfe*b and Pro~us. NAN810N01 14 andf Very hW FliV; SprkvgrVerig: Sorft. 1901; Vol. 25. (b) Warn-

3 mair. 0. J. Am. ChIem. Soc. 19111, 113. 9714.RE12S EN03 I (All) (a) Webb. G. A.. Ed. Annul Reports an AM Soocaocay; AadncSENOS 13 PI'aa: London. 1900; Vol. 22. (b) Bray, W. S. J. Ma. Reson. 190,

10 94. 220-221.REISSEN403 I (A4) (a) Berliner. L. J.. Rsen. J.. Eds. Obbo~obl MAdo Resonance;SENOB 12 Plenum, Prom* New York. 1900; Vol. 9. (b) Bryant. R. M. J. Amn. chemn.

S Soc. 119911 113, 2340.

SUM40 I (AS) (a) Wau^~ J. S.. Ed. Adeenca In Magnetic Resonance. Acedsmlc8109 13 San OIWg. 19"0; VOL 12. (b) Wong. T. C. J1. Am. Onwnn. Soc. 1990,

it 112. 4611-4612.REF21SEMO I (AS) (a) Webb. 0. A. NUCAr Magnetic Resorance; Royal society of Chemn-SENOB 12 eiaby. London, 190; Vol. 10 (Specliat Peridical Reports). (b) "rey W.

5 S. J. Map. Ream. 1991.94. 445.REF24SEN03 I (A7) (a) OliN. P.. Med.c. E.. Mister. H.. Koefeld. R., Seelfg. J.. Edo. AMSEN06 1S Bask A hci * arst Apos. Isotope Effects hi MelR Spectroscopy;SN405 24 SprtgerVrlm Berm,. 1900; VOL 22. (b) SkVWal R. P. J. Am. Chem.SEN12 9 Soc. 1991. 113, 8197-8197. (c) Srm. W. S. J. Mai. Reaom. 1991.

I0 94.,440.REF27SENO 1 (AS) (a) Warrar. W. S.. Ed. Adefoue I agvti and 00"a Resnance;SEIMe 13 Academitc Press: New York. 1990; Vol. 15. (b) Becker. E. 0. J. MAp.

5 Asson. 19111, 95. 452-453.

SEN03 I (As) (a) Webb. 0. A., Ed. ArvnmI Reports on MelR Speciocopy; ACadsnIC84140 13 Prow,~ London. 1060; Vol. 21. (b) Bray. W. S. J. ap. Reson. IM,5

I0 90. 616.331233551403 I (A 10) (a) Webb, Q. A. Ahilea Adgnefic Resonaince; Royal Society ofS3140 12 Chensirr. London. 1989: Vol. 16 (Speclasfit Peoc RPAol), (b)

RF63 Bray. W. S. J. Mar. Raton. 1900. 90. 6194620.

5311,00 1 (AllI) (a) Meeyelhl5 A. M.; Verdan F. R. Focs'er Transformn AM. Optica,53E"0 14 Wx Au Spectomety: A Usar. Honfuook: Elsevier New York,ZEN09 25 1990. (b) Bra, W. S. J. Mfar. Rason. 1990. 93. 67 1. (c) Jones, P. Ft.831N12 6 .1. Am. Chem. Smc. 19110. 112. 9444.

83140 I (Al12) (a) SlO~ie. C. P. Pbt*ns of Meatc Regonsnce. 3rd ad.; Spring-SEN00 12 er.VerhWg Maw York. 1980. (b) BoUdner8y. A. A. J. Am. Chem,. Soc.

10 1910. 112, 9443.R3142SEN403 I IA 13) (a) Ralstnn A. Ons, and Two 01nwnabnal AM Spactroscopy; Ekae,.-5319 it ler New York. 1909. 0b) Mlore, P. J. Nlahaw 1960. 342. 672.

53140 I (A14) (a)Field.L 0.; Stened. S. AnatjAiMlWftsy Chchsar. U..Sam40 14 1969. (b) Kog*e. K. Angaw. Chani. 1"01. 30, 72 1.R3F4853140 I (A 15) (a) Kharwiwu. R. Ncmer Magnetic Raaonowe: Ricon anW Theory;SEN0S 12 Ebes~e Anmsterdamn 1900. (b) Bothner-By, A. A. J. Am. Chwem. Soc.

10 19901. 113. 6348.

SON I (A IS) (a) Crossnsi. W. R.. C~rso. R. M. K. Eda. Two Oiunsioreud Mel531406 14 Sjpaciloscopy. Apploadone Aar Cheiwnse andl Bk%*lAmijs; VCRt MowSKN412 10 YoIc/Weineirn. 1087. (b) Bray. W. S. J. MAp. Rason. 19111. 94. 447.

831403 I (Al?) (a) Sanders J,. K. M.; Conatable, E. C.; Kntoe. B. K. Madami MelSENM" IS Speca'oapy. A Work Book of Chernicul Poblems; Oxford University831N12 10 Press: Wxord. U.K.. 1969. (b)Stay, W. S. J. ap. Raaon. 1991.93,

11 6714a72.

SEN03 I (A IS) ja) Pielteew. J. W.. Ed. AM: Af*nc*n anW Appicaions toSUM0 13 an Rasmonerb; SpinerVerlag: Now York. 1990. (b) Sateries. J.

5 0.4J. Am. ChemI. Soc. 609H. 112. $155-6156.

SEN03 I (All) (a) Both.W L. Mlinari, H., Niccoisk N.. Eds. AM &Wd BlomooculaSEN0e III Sgucwo; VC~t Wehinein/Nw York. 1901. (b) Bray. W. S. J. apV.

a eAsso. 1011, 95, 454-455.

SEMO I (A20) (a) Wels. F.; Shoew. D.; Kneid J. B. Bimdial agpetc Rsa-83ENN 12i nenop Inuging. Ahkx*, MAeoly &nW Applications; VCM: Maw831412 a York. 19". (b) 8e~ie. L. J.; Koaclek**i. J. J. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1556

13 112.,7444.

83140 I (A2 1) (a) Tonall, A. E. ANN Specltturopy aid Polyerwroaftcglws Thei,111 3 Cvnbormadmna Conaection; VCH: Maw YoslelWeineirn 1960. (b) Brgy,

R9S4 W. S. J. ap. Reom. 1IM. 90. 620.

SEN03 I (A22) (a) Verkads. J. G.. Qui. L. 0., Ed&. PFhospors31 Nel spectroscopySEN9 n3 in Steraocaaewcal Ann"Atv - rgaflC Compounids And Meutal Coarraes;SEN12 7 VCH: Wek*gmnen/Naw York. 1961'. (b) Sray. W. S. J. ~a. Rason.

9 1" 1. 94, 219 -220

SEN03 I (A23) Fafrar. T C, Infroduxron to PLOSa NPel Spectroscopy: The FarnagL

UNIT NO. 870 920414Gal. 13 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SENO3 1 (E7) Fora, T. C.; Jabionsky. M. J. J. PVhy. Cheom. 131.1 95. 9159-9166.REM33SEN03 I (ES) Decaur, J. 0.; Farra, T. C. J. Rys. Chem. 1300. .94. 7391-7394.REF342SEN03 I (ES) Boyd. J.; Nominal. U..: Camipbell. 1. 0. Chem. R"s. Left. 111100. 175.SEN06 14 477-482.REF345SEN03 I (E10) Oldflhld. E.; Adshodai. F.; Chuntg. J.; Montez, S.; Park, K. 0.; Le. H.;SEN06 15 Phlp. 8. Blodlernisiy 1991. 30. 11025-11028.REF349SEN03 I (Ell) Post, C. B.; Meadows. R. P.; Gorenstein. D. 0. J. Am. Chiem. Soc.SEN06 15 1090, 112. 6796-6803.REF3S1SEN03 I (E12) Kleiriberg. A. L.; Horsfleld, M. A. J, Msgn. Reson. 1330. 88. 9-19.REF3S4SENO3 I (E13) Eflson, E. H.: Marsall. 0. F 4 J. Phys. Chiem. 1331. 95. 808-813.REF357SEN03 1 (014) Nusitor. W.; Khrmi*c A. J. Phys. Chent. 1930. 94. 5637-5639.REF360SEN03 I (EIS) Ravikuws, M.; Shulk.. R.; Bothner.Sy. A. A. J. Chiem. P~ys. 1301,SEN06 13 95, 3092-3098.REF363SEN03 I (E16) I.SyrtO . .C. Chiem. Php. Left. 1300. 165. 213-220.REF366FH 103 I MISCELLIU0U3 DEVELOPMENTS IN SOLUTION N- SPECTROSCOPYREF365SEN03 I (F 1) Goz~~o. .J. 0.; Freeman. R. .J. £4592. Resor. 1390, 90. 397-404.REF372SEN03 I (F2) Ernsley. L.: Bodenhausen, 0. Chent. PIy". Left. 19130. 15, 469-476.REF375SEN03 I (F3) Carleton. J. W. J. A45gn. Reamn. 1301. 94. 376-386.RtEF378SEN03 I (F4) Ebsner~g. R. Acc. Chim. Res. 1991. 24. 110-116.REF33iSEN03 I (F5) Bargon. J.; Kandels. J.; Wooeli. K. Angew. Chem. 1330. 29. 58-59.REF394SEN03 1 (F6) Evans. M. W. J1. Ptfw. Chiem. 1031. 95. 2256-2260.REF387SEN03 I (F7) Homer, J.; Patel. S. U. J. Chemi. Soc.. Faraday TRans. 100, 88,SEN06 14 215-216.REF39OSENO3 I (FS) Hurd, R. Et. J. Algn. Resort. 10. 87. 422-428.REF393SEN03 I (P9) Due, S. L.; Hall. L 0.; Norwood. T. J. J. A4agn. Resort. 1390, 89.SEN06 16 273-286.REF396SEN03 1 (PlO) Dues. S. L.; Mal. L 0.; Norwood. T. J. J. Chem. Soc., Chent. Comn-SENOS 15 111W. 1000., 148-148.REF399SEN03 1 (P 11) MohoeWl A.; Shakm. A. J. J. A4@g. Reaon. 1991. 94. 44-208.REF402SEN03 1 (F12) Arlartov. 0. Y. J. Magi. Reamn. 1991. 91. 405-407.REF403SEN403 1 (F13) LwAvt. M. H. J. Chent. Pfys. 1391, 94. 30-38.REF408SEN03 1 (P14) Eggentirger U.; boderthausan. G. Angew. Chent. 1300. 29,SEN06 10 374-383.REF411SENO3 I (P15) Guseron. M.; Plateat. P.; Decorpe. M. Riog. AAR Spectrosc. 1991. 23.SENOS 13 135-209.REF414PH1O3 I MUILTIDIMENSIONAL NU1111 SPICThOSCOPYREF417SEN03 1 (01) Clore, Q. M.; ontribon A. M. Science 1031, 252. 1390- 1399.REF420SEN403 1 (02) Clore, 0L U.; Gronenbomn. A. M. Prog. AM Speclrsc. 1331. 23.SEN06 13 43-92.REF423SEN403 I (03) PeftS. C. L.; Dwyer. T. J. Claen. Rev. 1990. 90. 935-987,REF426SEN403 1 (04) Kessler. H.; Sctiier. P.; Osilhut. H. J. Am. Clet. Soc. 1990,SENOS 13 112, 8599-8600.REF429SEN03 1 (0S) Powers. R.; Gronettoim. A. M.; Clare. G. M.; Bax. A. J. Ap ation.SEN06 15 111111, 94. 209-213.REF432SEN03 1 (06) Sax. A.; Clare .M.:DrlcolP. C.; (onertbom.A. M.;Ikra. M.;Kay.SENOB 16 L E. J. Magil. Rea. I3O0, 87, 620-627.REF435SEN403 1 (037) Kay, L. E.; llau.s M.; Tachudi. A.; Slax. A. J1. A4@p. Resort. 10. 89.SENOS 18 496-514.REF438SEN03 I (0O) Breg. J1. N.: Eloelions. A.; Vulster. G. W.; Kapta~in. R. J. A49gn. Rea.SENOS 15 1300. 87.,646-451.REF441SEN03 1 (09) Cleslo,, C.; Holok. T. A.; Oschkit. H. J. 46gp Reown 1000. $9,SEN06 14 164-190.REF444SEN03 I (010) Schrtisder. P.; Kessler, H.: Oschkiinat. H. Angew. Clen. 1300. 29.SENOS 12 540548.REF447SEN03 (011) &Holek. T. A.; Habaizolt, J.; Oschcknst. H.; Ottowakl. J. J4. Am. Chiem.SENN6 u Soc. 1391. 113. 3196-3198.REF45OSEN03 1 (G12) Sorensen. 0. W. J. Astp. Resort. 1390, 90. 433-438.REF4$3SEN03 I (013) Kay, L. E.; C4are. . M.: Box, A.; Grontenborn. A. M. Science 1330.SEN06 is 249, 411-414.REF4S6SEN03 1 (014) Patton. j, G.; Torchla, 0. A.: Meadow. N. 0.: Wong. C. Y.: Roseman.50*406 is S. Proc. Nod. Acad. Sd. U.S.A. 1991. 88. 3479-3483.RE4SSEN03 I (015) Zuldeg, E. R. P.: Petros. A M.; Fos*. S. W.; OioVtzak. E. T J.SF.N06 is Am Chiem Soc, 1901, 113. 370-372REF462SEN03 I (018) P10110, M. E.; Gorenstoln. 0. G, J. Am, Chiem SOC. 1301. 113.SF.N06 14 1438-1440,REFuts

S .N ) (Gil) Rad5,akrisywlan. 1. Patel. D. Gao. X J Am, Chem Sac 191, 113.

UNIT NO. 871 920414Gal. 14 AC6B2IM A1920020B V064 1012

SENDS 14 8542-8544.RE7468SEN03 1 (018) Dows. C. J.; Frenkiet, T. A.: Lane. A. N. J. MAfp. Rason. 1060. 87.SENOS 16 144-152.REF471SEN03 1 (019) Moorefi. M. M. W.; IHers. C. W.; Vandermarel. G. A.; Vanbooni. J.SEN06 14 H.; W*1UAp. S. S. J. Ma. Reom. 1991. 94. 101-111.REF474SEN03 1 (020) Luch**al. C.; Sleusmagl.l S.; Turano. P. Jncrg. Chem. 1985. 29.SENDS 12 4351-4353.REF477SEN03 I (021) Wonas J.: WVInter. R.; Grandinatti. P. J.; OrWIco. 0. J. Magn. Rason.SENDS 14 1650. 87, 538-547.REF480SEN03 1 (G22) Rknald. P. L; Iverson. 0. J. J. MAign. Rason. 1691, 92, 528-537.REF493FH103 I *IOMOLXCULE* IN SOLUTIONRE7484SEN03 1 (141) 0041n. 0.; UePinah E.: Wufvich. K. Science 1691. 254, 974-980.REF489SEN03 1 (112) Stowen V.; LaflnwAnd J. Y.; Abergel. 0.; Bouaziz. S.; DatwMi. A.;SENDS 14 Ekondzl. A.; Guitet E.; Loplaflte. S.; Legoas., R.; Maillvin. T.; Mlcou. A.;

25 Reladorf. C.; Robin, M.; Vaahtienoon., C.; Yang, Y. Bbd*rde 1650. 72,37 531-535.

R37492SEN0S 1 (H43) Wagner. 0. Frog. AMt Specomc. 1650. 22. 101-139.REF495SEN03 1 (114) Boyd. F. L; Cheasae. S. F.; Remers. W.; HIS 0. C.; Hurley, L. H. J.SENDS 17 Am. Owan. Soc. 190,0 112. 3279-3289.PEF498SEN03 1 (115) Bondl P.; 0.1ig. J. T. J. Am. Chemn. Soc. 1650. 112. 3719-3726.RE7501SEN03 1 (11) Wilka. J. M.; Swamirattan. S.; Bewidge, D. L; Bolton. P.1H. J. Am.SENDS 15 Chaem. Soo. 1691, 113, 5041-5049.REFS04SEN03 (117) hoe. B. Y.; Ekborg. 0Q C.; Roden. L.; Horvey, S. C.; KWna., N. R. j.SENDS 17 Am. Chemn. Soo. 1651. 113, 3743-3749.REF507SEN03 1 (HO6) Balefa, J. 0.; Moult. J.; Sykes. B. 0. J. MAt . Rason. 1090. 87.SENDS 15 375-384.REPSIOSEN03 1 (119) Bycroft. M.; Matouachelc. A.; Kefs. J. T.. i.'. Serrano. L; FeahI. A. R.SENDS 15 Anab,. 1360, 346, 488-490.REF513SENDS 1 (1110) Aexanresou. A. T.; Ich. S. N.: Maurkley, J1. L J. MA41. Raw~. 190,SENDS 15 87. 523-535.REF516SEN03 1 (1111) WaIer. A.; Radford, S. E.: Karplus. M.; Dobson. C. M. Astur 1991.SENDS 14 349, 033-M3.REFS19SENDS 1 (1412) Huplhaon F. It; Vth^ P. E.; Baldwin. A. L Scienc 1990. 249,SENDS 14 1544-1548.REFS22SEN03 1 (1113) Pamer. A. 0.; Rance, M.; WrlW. P. E. J. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1651,SENDS 15 113. 4371-4380.RE7525SENDS 1 (1114) Show .S.; Golden. LF.: Hodges, .S.; Syke. B.D. J. Am.Chemn.SENDS 17 Soc. 1651, 113.,5557-5563.REFS23SENDS 1 (1415) Wttenikeler. L:; Abrahia. A.; Ramasamy. A.; Mote do Frielas, D.;SENDS 12 Theismn, L A.; Crane. D. C. J. Am. Cheam. Soc. 199l. 113. 7872-7881.REFS31SEND3 1 (1416) Show. 0. S.; Hodges ,A. S.; Sykes. 0. 0. Science 1950. 249.SENDS 14 260-283.RE7534SENDS 1 (1417) MSCI5aci L K.; Reld. 0.0G.; Carter, N. J. Bbf. Chant. 1650. 265,SEND 18 97154-9763.REF537SENDS I (1118) Burch. A. M.; Rigby. S. E. J.; Ftss. W. 0.; Macglilway. R. T. A.; Mauic.SENDS 17 K A.; Metit. A. Q.; Moore. 0. R. Science 1IM. 247. 83 I-43.RE7549SENDS 1 (1119) Paterson. Y.; Englander. S. W.; Roder. H. Science 1650, 249,SENDS 12 755-759.REFS43SENDS I (OW2) Umemolo. K.; Samet. M. H.; Gupta. 0.; Luo. J.; Sarnie. Ft. H. J. Am.SENDS IS Chat). Soc. 1650. 112, 4530-4545.REF7546SEN03 1 (1421) Putesefald. W.; Redfield. A.; Soma. U. D.; Bannerp. A.; Roy, S. J. Am.SENDS I5 Chaon. Soc. 10O0. 112. 5350-5351.REFS49SENDS I (112) Xh'. J.; Zon, 0.; Marz. L G. Incegp. Chern. 1991. 30. 228-239.REF552SENDS I (1123) Deowp. J. S.; La Mar. 0. N. J. Am. Chain. Sac. 1991. 113,SENDS 15 4348-4350.137555SEN03 1 (H424) Yu. L. P.; La Mahr. 0. N.; Rajaahnm., K. J. Am. Chem?. Sac. 1650.SENOS 1S 112, 9527-9634.137558SEN03 1 (H125) La Moe. 0. N.; Hiuiusson. J. B.; Dugled. L.8.; I ddaS. P. A.; Venksatara-SENDS is moee N.; SnmVf. K. M. J. Am. Chain. Soc. 1691. 113, 1544-1550.13754)SEN03 I (112) Thisovkch. R. Inorg. Chemn. 1191 30, 37-42.REF54SEN0S 1 (1127) Monbellone. 0. T.; Wagner. 0. J. MAi . Flon. 1990. 87, 11-165.137547SEN03 1 (1128) Kay, L. E.; mlua. M.; Bex. A. J. Map.W Meson. 1991. 91, 84-92.137570SEN03 I (112) Plofto. M. E.: Granger. J. N.; Cho, Y. S.; Gorensteut. 0. 0. J. Am.SENDS Is Chain. Soc. 199, 112. 8632-8634.137573SENDS I (143) Cheong. C.; Varaev. 0.; Tlnoco. L.. Jr. Afeture 1650. 340. 680-682.REF576SENDS i (H430 Poppa. L.; Vanhbaeek. 11. J1. Am. Chain. Sac. 1651. 113. 383-365.RE377SEN03 i (H432) Cages. P.; KaluaachcN. K.; Bush. C. A J. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1991,SEND6 14 113. 5815-6822.REFS82FHI03 I SYNTHESTIC POLYMElRS IN SOLUTION137565

UNfT NO. 872 920414Gal. 15 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SKM4 I (11) Anif. I.; Yerinft. T.; Aaekwa.a T. Pmog. NMf Spictrosc. 1930. 22,SENOS 13 349-400.REF588SEN03 1 (12) Schddi. S.; G"bd G.; Pined. M.; Volkia. F. Aftcromolecgdes 1991, 24,SENOS 13 3517-3521.REPSIISEN03 1 (13) M~aynrd S. J.; Sherp. T. R.; How. J. F. Ahaaorrvociias 1931, 24.SENOS 14 2794-2799.REFS94SEN03 1 (14) Gabler. 0. a1; How. J. F. lnorg. Chaen. 1330 29. 40164021.REF597SEN03 1 (15) Gatter. D. GL; Hew, J. F. Afacmomoiitcus 1331, 24. 421"-220.REF600SEN03 1 (18) Aerdts. A. M.; Dehean. J. W.: German, A. L.; Vandurwlee. G. P. M.SENO6 S 15 Aflo bules 1331. 24. 1473-1479.REFS03SENO3 1 (17) Fang. T. £Ailormolecuies 1990. 23. 2145-2153.REPSOSSEN03 1 (18) Vandervedden. a P. M.; Fetters. L J. Aftoromnoscui 1330. 23,SENOS 12 2470-2473.REF609SEN03 1 (19) Katyk. J. .J.; Burge. P. A.; Rameen, E. E. Ailecromolocides; 100 23.SFN06 14 5187-5169.REF612SENo3 1 (110) Bortol, R.; Brawn. S. S. 0.; Pawbhaa. B. A~rooniecuiss 1990. 23.SENt06 13 2465-2469.REF615SEN03 1 (111) Mfreu P. A.; Heffner. S. A.; Bovey. F. A. Aaronoiscubs 1930. 23.SENOS 14 4482-4484.REF6I8SEN03 1 (112) Blorbg. M.; Keristrm. Q; Lines. P. J. Pfl". Chemn. 1931. 95.SENOS 13 6706-6709.REF621SEN03 1 (113) Ibeu. P. A.; Bavery. F. A. Allaoidcule 1930, 23, 4548-4552.REF624SEN03 1 (114) Nave. A. 0.; Theicix. M.; Tonil, A. E. Maromyoscatus; 1330. 23.SENOS 13 3055-3063.REF627P1H103 I INOUQANIC COMPOUNDS IN SOLUTIONREF630SEN03 I (41) Dee Rattlers. P. J.; CA. L. H.; Lin. Z. R.; Rloherdet. R.; Halpen. J.4J Am.SEN06 18 Chem. Soc. 1331. 113. 4173-4184.REF633SEN03 1 (4) ClaD, 0. A.; Hellger L; LL X. Y.; Pisdkah. a K. S. J. Am. Ch~em.- Sc.SENOS 18 13010, 112, 5901-5995.REF636SENOS 1 (A3) Pvakash. a. K. S.; H6 Wge. L; Cift, aI A. Jnorg. Chemn. 1990. 29.SENOS 15 4965-4M6.REFS39551N03 I1 .14) Mor ack. R. F.; Set A. T.; RueveC J. J. Pys. Chem. 1331. 95.SENOS 16 372-376.REF642SEN03 I (45) ThiAv. P. C.; Gavin. R. T.: Oataryaung. R. A. J. Am. Chein. Sac.SENO6 15 13100. 112, 4567-4568.REF643SEN03 I (A6) Twintrsseler. M.; Huglcemy 0.: Frey. U.; Merbact, A. E. Inorg. Chein.SENOS 13 130., 29. 1374-1379.REF648SEN03 1 (47) PNttet P. A.; Elbaze. G.; Heim. L.; Merbech. A. E. Jnorg. Chain. 1030.SENOS IS 29. 1936-1942.REF65ISEN03 1 (.18) Frey. U.; Heim. L; Merbecti A. E. Hivt. Chkm. Acts 1330. 73.SENOG 14 199-202.REF115I551403 1 (09) WitUe. J. M.; Kasuti. R. V.; Herris, S.; Horvat, 1. T. Angew. Chemn.SEP4OS 15 133". 29. 194-195.REF657SEN03 I (W10) Hall. C. 0.; Sharpe, N. W. Organetelcs 1990. 9. 952-959.REF6SEN03 I (J11) Dey. V. W.: Eberspecher. A.: Kienriperer. W. G.: Park. C. W.; Roaen-SENOS 13 berg. F. S. J. Am. Chemn. Soo. 1331. 113. 8190-8 192.RE7663SEN03 1 0412) Wagne. a W. Jnwog. Chemn. 1331. 30, 1960-1962.REF68SEN03 1 (413) Uemrnw. T.; Shiima. T.; hiekartiehl. H.; Taolhar. T.; Nagawa. Y.;SENOS 12 Okuta. H. Inorg. Chin. Acts 11111. 181, 11-14.RUM96SEN03 1 (414) Salvedarl. P.; Uccolobarvalt. a.; Lanzaranl. R.; Caporuaaa A. M. J.SEN06 12 Chaem. Soc.. Chem. Conmmim. 1330. 1121-1123.REF1172SEN03 I (415) Schwetderald. B. E.; Lee. H. P. 0.; Mergeruni. 0. W. Jncrg. Chaem.SENt06 14 13O0. 29. 3569-3578.REFS75SEN03 I (416) Obaon. 0.; RenfeKd A.: Apfeliaewn. H.; Biut. J. Inorg. Chem.SEN06 12 I3ON. 29. 5125-5129.REF678SEN403 1 (417) Reic, H. J.; Borst. J. P. J4. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1331. 113. 1835-1837.REF68ISEN03 I (418) Banyal. L.; Gleow. J. J. Am. Chemn. Soc. 1330 112, 4703-47 10.REFU84SENt03 1 (419) Auyatat. S. C. F.; Kwong. K. W.; Burnt. A. 4.4J. Am. Chaem. Sac.517406 16 1930. 112. 7482-7488.REFU87SEN03 1 (420) GO, 0. S.; Rodslmuer. L.; Deptuech. 4. 4.4J. Chemy. Soc.. FaraaySENt06 14 Tha.'w. 110.0 86, 2847-2852.REFS90SEN03 I (42 1) Crane. D. C.; Rllte. C. 0.: Theisen L. A. J. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1030.SEN0S 16 112.2901-2908.REF993SEN03 I (422 Bum., R.; Braieke. H.; Jousen. E.; Lalwnkuig. H.; Ortiz. F. L. Orgeno.t517406 13 maaa 1330. 9. 756-761.REMGlSENt03 1 (423) Soong. L. L.; Lerol. G. E.; Papov, A. 1. Inorg. Chaem. 1330, 29.SF.N(A 1s 13661-1370.REF4flSEN403 1 (4124) Rotievl. 4. M.; Rabevnetek. D. L. Anal. Chain. 1991. 63, 2674-2670.REF'702SEN03 I (425) Neketsul, H; SugifmotO. M, Saito. S 1no.9 Chemn 1030. 29.557406 12 3095-3097.REF70S

UNIT NO. 873 920414Gal. 16 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SEN8S 1 M.11) Wm Y. N.: Dernou. P.; Faler. J. W. lamp. QuChm. 1931. 30. 62-44.REF7*sFH1O3 I SCUIDS1 IN aSIEKALREV? ISEN03 I (1) Chmaiia. B. F.; Ph... A. Sdonce 19SS. 246. 71-77.REV?714SEN03 I 0(2) Tycko. R.; Oabegf .: ;uchaM. J. C.; Zlr. K. W. J. LMpr. Resan.SENDS 15 iWO. 89. 205-209.RM7SEN03 I (K(3) Tycko. At. J. Chem. Phys. 111110. 92. 5776-5793.BEF720SEN03 1 (1(4) Yang. Y.; gurnhyer, A.; Zmn*@a. K.; Spimi. H. W. J. Chem. FPjys.SENDS 14 1WO. 93. 7740-7750.BEF723SEN03 1 Q(5) KautmeMl S.; Welkig. S.; Schaefer. 0.; Spim. H. W. J. Chem. Pth.s.SEN06 14 1IM. 93. 107-214.REF726SEN03 1 () Schleiche, A.; LPad.. K.; Kaoln. 0. J. Chor,. fte. IMO. 92.SEN0S 13 6432-6440.REF729SEN03 1 (K7) Frynmn. L: Frydman. S. J. Chem. Phy. 1911011 92. 1620-1626.BEF732SEN03 I (KS) Hayashui. S.; Hayanfzu. K. J. Cainm. Phtys. 111110. 92. 268-2627.REF736SEN03 I (K9) Lki. H.: Glse. S. J5.; Drabny. M. P. J. Chem. Phys. 19W0. 93.SENDS 15 7543-7560.REF738SENDS I (10) Cory, 0. G . m. AmmaRea. 1901. 94. 526-535.REF741SEN03 I (11 ) Thing S.; Mi. X. L; Mehin~g. M. 0mmr. Phys. Leff. 11110. 173.SEN06 14 481-484.REF744SEN03 1 (12) Brnneir. E.: Fenhk.. 0.; Frauds. 0.: Pller. H. Chem. M"s. Leff.SEN0S 10 IW0. 169, 591-594.REF747SEN03 I (13) Brnner. E.; Foum. D.; Gerntmi. B. C.; Malta,. H. J, Lmp. RMwn.SENDS 14 IWO. 90. 90-99.REF750SEN03 1 0(14) Hmnrb. A. K.; Jackson. P. Chem. Rev. 1"01. 91, 1427-1440.REF7S3SEN03 1 0(15) Jacksonl. P. J. Limp. Reman. IWtO, 90, 391-396.REFIS4SEN03 1 (16) Kreinbrink. A. T.; Sazavaky. C. D.; Pym.J. W.; Nelman. D. M A.; Han.SENDS is kane.'. A. S. J. ~o. Reson. 190. 88. 267-276.REFT351SEN03 (17) Eler, M. C.; Vojia. (I M.; Braqwirnm C. E. J. ~im. Room. 1901.SENDS i5 03.009-413.REF762SEN03 I (16) Nited. A.; Rodl. A.; kicoowel., C. A. J. Pthe.. Chmm. 1901. 95.SENDS 14 3576-358.RE176SEN03 I (K(19) Erevluee% .U; Yamnonl C. S. J. Limp. Flon. 1990. 88, 393-400.REFIU

SENDS 1 OM2) Tycko. A.; De.tlh0 a Chem. Phys. Leff. 19O. 173, 461-465.REF71SENDS I (21) Pin, Y.; Gulofl. T.; Schaefer. J5. J. Limp. Reman. 1iWO. 90.SENDS t3 330-34.REF774SEN03 I (22) Pam. Y.; Scliaefer. J. J. MLimp. Ream. 11111. 90. 341-U45.BEF777SEN03 I 0M2) Hal., S. M.: Mckay. A. A.; Gullon, T.; Schaefe. J1. J. Alip. Rowa.SENDS 15 19H. 89. 6204626.RtEF788SEN03 I (24) Gmobow. J. A.; GLAon. T. J. Limp. Reman.- 1901, 95. 442-446.REF783SENDS I (25) G.Aon. T.; Mckay. A. A.; 5duYI~I. A. J. Limp. Reman. 19.111 94.SENDS 14 382-369.REF7ssSEN03 I (QM2) Bark. V.; Gullon. T.; limig. A.; Schaefer, J5. J. ~im. Resort. 1900.SENDN 14 4V. 523-532.REF7sSSENDS I (K27) Guilon. T.; Baker. 0.9B.; CoaiviN. M. S. J. Limp: Reson. 1IWO. 59.SENDS 15 479-484.REF792SENDS I 0(2) LavM.U H.; Aahml% 0. P.; CrpuiN. F.; Grifi. A. 0. J. Chem. Phys.SEND6 S 16 ,1 . 92, 634746364.R3,7,SEND 1 (29) Hagarnwi. E. W.; Ho. P. C.; Brown. L. L.; Schel, F. M.; Woody, M. C.SENDS 17 J. Am. Chem. Soc. I900. 112. 7445-7450.R3il9SED I (30) BOmn 0. P.; Blemeid. A. J. Limp. Reaw. 1"01. 95. 164-90.R37601SEN03 I (31) Soft. N. K. J. Lim. Retm. 190. 94. 352-361.REMSOSEN03 I (32) Buwnl D. P.; bleid. A. J. Lim. Ren. 1901,. 94. 6454652.3338107SEN03 I (33) Kuma.r. A. 8.8S.; Opel. . . J. Lim APwn. 1905,417-421.REPSISSEN03 i (K(34) Tycko, A.; 0.bbgha OL . Am. Chem. SOC. 1901. 113. 9444-9448.REPS):SENDS 1 (35) lbta. J. S.; Flimter. J. A. Chm. Phys. Left. IMO. 168.SEND 13 219-226.3336)6SEN0S I 0(3) Tsk*. P.; Mslpy F.; Cail. 0.; 0mlixidh. J. J. Chem. M"y. Leff.SEND 14 It". 175. 401-406.REPS),SENDS I (37) Hifma. A.; Lii. T. S.; Scdt~. J.; Wenck. W. T. Chm. R".SENDS1 14 Leff. Is". 163. 6-10.REP522SEN03 I (3$) Akartmry. 0.; Long, H.; MewmwVI T.; Graiall. P. J5.; PRiven. L.;SENDS 0S PMae. A. Pfys. Rev. Leff. 1"01. 80. 564-687.331526SENDS I (30) Whiti..J. L.; How. J5. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. IMO. 112. 50-36

Man62SENDS I (40) Wuk .L.; ZW.K.W. J. L~. Rea~n 111111, 93.265-27&.33P635SENM I (41) EnqiOS. F.; 1(16. .; hftil0.Ped.. h.BC..LmpSPNOS is Remant. 1"01. 95. 21114-299.REMS4

UNIT NO. 874 920414Gal. 17 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SENN I (K42) Sdhul. 0.; Erst H.: Fenzke, 0.; Ma'er, W.; Pler. H. J. hys,SINMe 14 Chern. INC. 94. 3499-3502.REFS37SEN03 1 0(43) Kl, A. C.; Grlibi R. G. Chen. hys. Lefd. 19O. 168. 523-528.REFS40SEN03 1 (K44) Ashidt. J.; Nakal, T.; Tewmo. T. Chem. Phys. Le. 130. 168,SEN06 13 523-528.REF843SEN03 1 0(45) lwarnlya. J. H.: Davis. M. F.; Mbodl. GLE. J. MA9. Resor. 1900. 88,SEN06 16 199-204.REF845SEN03 1 (K46) ogrool. H. J. M.; SnVth S. O.; Kobert, A. C.; Courtin, J. M. L.; WInk.SENN 16 el. C.; Lugtenburg , J.; Herzfeld. J.; Griffin. R. G. J. Lmgn. Resor. 1991,

29 91. 30-38.REF849SENW3 I 0(47) GUn. Z. H.; Grant. D. M. Chem. Phys. Left. 1990, 168, 304--308.REF8,2SEN03 1 0(48) Koberl. A. C.; R~, 0. P.; Grffin, R. G.; Levitt, M. H. J. Man.SEN06 16 Ream. I0. 89. 133-138.REF8,5SENO3 I 0(49) Fmnzk. 0.; Mem. B.; Plfer, H. J. Mg. R~wo. 1990, U,SEN06 13 172-176.REFS8SEN03 1 0(50) N&A T.; Mcowe. C. A. J. ApW. Rusn. 1991. 93, 618-623.REFU1SEN03 1 (K51) Sherwood, kl H.; FacaL J. C.; Aldrmen. D. W.; Grant. 0. M. J. Am.SEN06 1 Chemn. Soc. INS. 113. 750-753.REF8USEN03 I 0(52) Culls. R. 0.; Penme, . H.; Power. W. P.; Wasyllshen. A. E. J. Phys.SEN06 16 Chem. 1I00. 94, 4000-4006.REFS?SEN03 I (K53) Aalii D. P.: Kobei, A. C.; Grtfb. R. G. J. MAp. Reon. 190. 89.SEN06 16 1-9.REFS70SEN03 I 0(54) labiigh, D. P.; OIWscuuk, E. T.; Griffin, R. G. J. Magp. Reon. 1301,SEN06 15 93, 472-484.REF873SEN03 1 0(55) Hsgusfw' , A.; Vsandputlen, D.; Spiess. H. W. J. MAn. Reoon.SEN06 12 11"1. 92. 628-830.REF876SEN03 I (K56) Roch. J.; Kollodideok. W.; KInowsk J. Chem. Phys. Left. 11301,SEN06 12 17, 395-398.REFS79SEN03 I1 (57) Challonh, R.; Nakal, T.; McOowel. C. A. J. Magn. Ream. 1301. 94.SEN06 14 433-438.REF88SEN03 1 0(58) ChaIloner. R.; Nukal, T.; McOowel. C. A. J. Chem. Phys . 191, 94.SEN0 14 7038-7045.REFSSSEN03 I 0(59) Anderson, M. W.; Know ik J. Oem. Phys. Left., . 172.SEN06 t2 275-278.REFISSSEN03 1 0(60) Kubo. A.; UcOowuL. C. A. J. Chem. Phys. 190, 92. 715W-7170.REF891SEN03 1 (K61) Kubo, A.: Root. A.; McOowell. C. A. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 93.SEN0e 14 5462-5472.REFS4SEN03 I ((62) Gay. 1. 0.; Jones, C. H. W.; Shams, R. 0. J. Mao. Resom. 131,SN06 16 91. 186-189.REFS97SEN03 I 0(63) Pratm, T. K. J. Mfap. Resor. 1990. 88. 384-387.REF900SEN03 1 0(64) Pratsum T. K. Cham. Pys. Left. 1990. 172, 291-294.REF3O,SEN03 1 0(65) Pmtaat T. K. J. Map. Reson. 19111. 91. 581-587.REF9S0SEN03 1 0(66) Mugger, K. T.; Wooten, E. W.; Pines. A. J. Magn. Reson. 1991. 92,SEN06 iS 020-627.REFI;OSEN03 1 0(67) Dec, S. F.; Maclel, . E. J. A4p. Reson. 1190. 87. 153-159.REIM2ISENO3 1 0(68) Gmnumpay. S.; Shore, J.; Oldfisid, E. Chem. Phys. Left. 130, 169,SEN06 13 301-30.REF9ISSON03 I (6119) Skbsted. J.; Nlielsn N. C.; BWIs. H.; Jakobsen, H. J. J. Mapn.SE06 14 Rem.. 1111, 95. 88-117.REFISSEN03 1 0(70) Mn, P. P. Ohem. Phys. Left. IN, 188. 227-232.REFi21SE03 1 0(71) thbv. J. S.; Koffybtwg. F. P.; Rprneester, J. A. J. Map. Reamn.SN(M 14 11 1, 91, 400-404.REMA4SEN03 I 0(72) Messlo . D.; Gvsasf C.; Coiumes. J. P.; Taulali, F. J. MAp. RomnSEN50 14 MNS. 90. 231-242.REFO27SFN0 I 0(73) F..egu . Q.: Kolir. H. ApW. Reman. Chem. 19111. 29. 941-945.REF930SEN03 I 0(74) Dec. S. F.; Fftgir d. J. J.; Frye. J. S.; Shutlock. M. P.; Mmcii. G. E.SEN06 17 J. Map. RegOn. 1M0I. 93, 403-406.REFS33SEN03 I 0(75) Sklbsted, J.; Bldso. H.; Jakobsin. H. J.J. Map. Reo. 1991, 92.SEN0e 14 589-676.REFP93SEN03 1 0(76) Ktuslnoslh .; V p. S.; Zaborowskl. E. J. ap. s m. 1301, 93.SEN0e 13 441-44S.REFS39SEN03 I 0(77) Hoktion. G. L.; SAmnlch, S. J. Ma. Re"n. 13111. 95, 446-452.REF942SEN03 1 (K78) Kennedy. M. A.; Void. R. L.; Void R. R. J. AMpn. Reson. 191. 92,5EN06 1 320-331.REi945SEN03 I 0(72) Keredy. M. A.; Void. A. A.; Void. R. L. J. Magn. R~es. 1"1, 91.SRNOS is 301-315.REF"48SEN03 I (K80) Ge, Z. H.; Grant. 0. M. J. MW. Reson. 1090. 90. 522-534.REi951

51N03 I ((81) Otvlirl, A C.; HItfleld, G. A. J. A41i. Re n. 131., 94. 535-543REns4SEN03 I (K82) Jonsen. P; Tanner. S F . Hams. A H Chem. Phys Leff 1099. 164.

UNIT NO. 875 920414GAL 18 AC6B321M A1920020B V064 1012

83140 16 325-329.

88140 I (IS3) Coimor. C.; Chang. J.; PhM.. A. J. Cuem. Phy. 1I3, 93.SEN06 13 7639-7646.

M103 1 ADSOMOWYI PIIUNOUERA AND CATALYSISREFS63SENOG 1 0.1) Anaeinst J1. P.; Slihtr. C. P.; Sifnll J1. K R'og. Me4 Spocvusc.93140 14 ISM. 22. 401-42 1.18F11688140 1 (1.2) Pyfs. C. A.; Pang., Y.; &rondey. H.; Kolcotello. 0. T.; Gin, H. 0hem.St"O 13 Rev. 1991, 91, 1525-1543.15EF969SEN03 I (.3) Kktwkl. .; Anderem. t. W. MAdw. Raww. ChWm. 1330, 28. 568-8S1406 12 8ol1REF972831N03 1 (1.4) Kkowald J. Chemt. Rev. 1301., 91. 1459-1479.REFS76831403 1 01.5) Miaddhk. V. PMudralowky. 1. L.; Nobcy. A. V. Prog. AM4 Spec-831406 13 9c.1331. 23. 259-299.RE797883140 I (L6) Bf~w.~w E. J. Chem,. SOO., Fwraday Tn. ISM0 8N, 3957-3960.

83140 I (L?) Wnaw, E.; Enul. K:; Ra . 0. Frolic. T.; IHunger. M.; Plaite, H. J.831406 15 COW. 111101. 127. 34-41.

S31N03 I CA8 Cholloier. R.. Harris. R. K.; Batrri S. A. I.; Taylor. h. J. Zoe. 13M.831406 16 It.6$27-831.

SEN403 1 (1.9) Singet. M.; Frauds. 0.; Pleffer. H. J. Chem. Sac.. Faraday Thu.831406 13 131101. 87. 657-M6.

8S1403 1 (1.10) klariedt. P.; Oorwrileux-Morhi. C.; Fraled. J.; Fraud*. 0. J. Phys.831406 12 Chem. 191.1 95. 3790-3796.

8SEN03 1 01.11) OzeKd S.; Maguda. Y.; Smri, H.; Seld H.; 001. K. J. Phls. Chem.881406 16 1331. 95. 63094316.

8S1403 1 (1.12) Hunger. M.; Freud@, D.; Plaitr H.; Schleger. W. 0Chem. Phs Led.8B1406 13 It". 187. 21-26.REP,"881403 I 0.13 Andesot. 11A W.: Barie. P. J.; Kioweld. J. J. Rhys. Che. 19111,95.83ENN 16 235-239.

83140 1 01.14) Gadeon. A.; Soerdel. J2. L; Fralasaa4 J. J. 01.em. Sac.. FaradaySENN0 13 Tait. 19110. 8N. 413-418.

8S1403 I (.16) 0661106..e L; Soullod. M.; Guft P.; Sate.. A.; ILopez. A.; Guft J2. L881406 1s Zao" 19011 10. 776-763.

8S1403 I 0.16) PereaParlnWe J.; 8aru. J.; PFames. V.; Corms. A. J. Canil. IO83140 13 124. 217-223.R37101183140 1 41.17) van der Kirk J. J.; Veenun. W. S.; SdnKd M. J. Pr". Chem. 1391.83106 i6 95. 1508-1511.

831403 I (LI6) Floot. J.; Mhowglcl J.; Ads=u. J. M. J.0Chem. Soc.. Faraday Drts.881406 14 13011. 87, 3091-3097.

88140 I (L1S) Axon, S. A.; Kkiwud(L . J.. Cham. Soc.. Fearaday Trans. IW00. ad.831406 14 3079-36112.REF1020931403 I 0.20 ErGelherdt. Q; von KonkgVr4d, H. Zboawa 111141. 10. 650-656.

83303 1 (1.2 1) Chellone. R.; 1lna R. K.: Peolce. K. J.: Taylor. M. J. Zaoftes 1990,83140 is 10. 539645.

83303 1 0.2) Dwyer. J.; Karim. K.; Enl. W. o,.; Thompson, N. E.; Haome. A. K.;831406 15 Appelay. 0. C. J. M". 01.,,. 1331, 95. 11426-Ml3.137162983140 I 0(23) Chuea. .M.; Oeeif. L; Guth. J. L; Gabefce. Z. Zoola.w 1911.,83E"0 14 11, 596-M0.

83140 1 41.24) Jansaewa C.; Grobst. P. 4.; Sdioorheyt. R2. A.; Jareen. J. C. Zeoa83140 14 1331. 11, 164-131.

83140 I PAIS) Kereps. P. B.; EngeWtft Q; But J. C.; Peladis. J.; !"&wey. (.;83140 14 Seaarlod'e. C. Zoliv 1991. It. 58-562.

83140 I 6.26 Arsile K. J.; Sloenuin. H. J.; Grobet. P. J. Zaa6.. 1301. f1.83140 14 124-131.R3VIS418314 1 (1.27) Pyle. C. A.; Peng Y.; Gormley. H.; Kolcotllo. Q T.; Mar. A. J. ~~s83146 Is 0Chem. 1331. 95. 3747-3751.

831403 1 11.23) Pyle. C. A.; Panig. Y.; Ooiday. H.; Kolcolab. Q T.; Mar. A. J. p1fw.83140 6 I Ch0em. 1991. 95. 3747-3751.33720S47831403 1 61.239) PYI*. C. A.; (Nle. H.; Panig. Y.; Grancley, H. Zoollies 1110, 10.88140 14 278-292.

83140 I %3M) Pyle. C. A.; G'ondey. H.; Pang Y.; Kokotlb. a1 T. Chem. Phy. Leff.831?" is low. 173. 2i1-215.

831403 1 41.30 Pyle. C. A.; Gronder. H.; Pang. Y.; Kokoll. G. T. J. Am. Chem.83140 Is Smc. It". 112. 6812-662.

83140 1 11.32) Pyle. C. A.; Pang. Y.; Gas. H.: Gondey. H.; Kolcotslo. G. T. J. Am.831406 i6 01er". Soc. IO. 112. 3264-3270.

83140 I G.22 Pyle. C. A.; Oee. H.; Pang Y.; Kokokao. CL T. Ak IMO. 34 1,S3am is 223-5.1371352831N03 1 0.34) Kengana. A. P. M.; Bavene. C. R.; van Hll. . H C.; do Hlamn.433140 17 W.; van do Von, L. J. M. 0gWM. PF. Leff. 1991. 178. 399-403.13713668SO40 I 42.3) Axon. 8. A.; tiuddersmnn K.; K" to 6I. J. Chem PF Leff. W1111.93240 13 172. 396-404.R116

UNrT NO. 876 920414Gal. 19 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SND 1 .3) Pessa. C.; Kokotal. . T.; Gon. R. J. J. Phy. Chem. 1"1, 95,SENDS is 706-709.REFIO71

SEN03 1 1.37) Nosov. A. V.; MesslOl V. M; MeshknM. A. V. J. Af. CaaI. 1991.SENS 15 6. 73-83.REF1074SEN03 0.38) 0095k. Z.; Novakov. J.; Bosacek. V.; Kuiskova. L. Za 1001.SEN0M 12 11. 244-247.REFIC77SEN03 1 (.39) Tlo. C.: Corbin, 0. R.; Dybowskld C. J. Am. Chim. Soc. 1im. 112.SENS 15 7140-7144.REFIOGSEN03 i (L40) Anderson. M. W.; Kbowskl. J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.SEN06 12 ION1, 918-920.REFI863SEN03 I (.41) Andersm. f W.; SulowkL B.; Banle. P. J.; Klnowli, J. J. Phys.SENS 14 Chiem. I11,. .- :. 2730-2734.REFIeSEN03 I (.42) Rwdn. B. R.; Lazo, N. 0.; Schetler, P. D.; Wte, J. L; Hw. J. F.SENS 17 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1900, 112. 2886-2891.REFI8SISEN03 I (.43) LaZO. N. D.: FAchanon. B. R.; Sch~, P. D.; Whtse, J. L.; Munson,SENDS 15 E. J.; How. J. F. J. Phys. Chme. 1191, 95. 9420-9425.REFIOO2SEN03 I (L44) Lazo. N. 0.; White. J. L; Muan. E. J.; Lemitegb. M.; Haw. J. F. J.SENS 17 Am. Chem. Soc. 110. 112. 4050-4052.REFtIOSSEN03 1 (L46) Whte. J. L; Lzo N. 0.; ,ldwdaon. B. A.; Haw, J. F. J. Ctal. 1900,SENDS 17 125. 260-263.REFI101SENDS 1 (.46) Munson, E. J.; Lazo. N. 0.; Mollenhaff. M. E.; Haw. J. F. J. Am.SENDS 16 Chem. Soc. 111, 113. 2783-2784.REF1101SENDS 1 41.47) Munsoh E. J.; How, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1101, 113. 6303-6305.REF1104SEN03 1 (.48) Iearmon, R. A.; Stewar. A. Zoteos 1090. 10, 608-611.REF1107SEND3 1 (L49) dm Ouden. C. J. J.; Dee s. K. P.; Visr, F.; Masckay, M.; Post M. F.SENDS 17 M. ZGO*s 1101, 11, 418-428.REF110SEN03 I (.50) TnrL A.; Kumar. R.; Rabeisieny. P. ZeoW.. 1111, 11, 573-576.REFI113SEND3 I 0U.I) Than ra A.; RAejamalu P. R.; Gmenpathy S.: Ratneumy. P.SENDS 11 Zeocss 111, 7. 69-72.REF1 116SEN03 1 0J52) Kolodlski W.; Aochs. J.; He. H.; KIbnowid, J. AA . Catew. 1111.SENOS 13 77. LI-LB.REFIIIOSEN03 I O.53) Fyfo, C. A.; Fvv. Y.: Gondey. H.; Kokotallo. . T. J. Chem. Soc.,SENDS 15 Chem. Conmun. 110, 1224-1226.REFI122SEN03 1 0.54) Munsom E. J.; H'aw, J. F. Ana/. Chr. 1091, 62. 2531-2536.REF1llSSEN03 1 (1.55) Beneg, M. C.; Beuer. F.; Ernst, H.: Fralard., J.; Freuds. 0.; Plelfev,SENDS 14 H. Calal. LOU. 1000. 8. 201-208.REFI 128SEN03 1 (1.56) Brre. M. C.; Bowdst. J. L.; Fraiw.rd J. Ceta. Leff. 1990. 5.SEN06 14 143-154.REF1 131SEN03 1 .7) Tlafo. C. J.; Dr ow ad C.: Gofney. A. M.; Sosnko. J. A. CA..SENDS 14 1111, 128, 520-525.REF114SEN03 1 OM58) er., J. T.; Mee. B. L.; RAy. G.J. J. CaW/. 1111. 128. 436-446.REF 1137SE D 1 (L9) Walter. T. M.; Fruenhoff, a, R.; Shpley. .R.A.; Okfld. E. Inorg.SEN0 14 Chem. 110111, 30, 4732-4739.REF1140SEN03 1 (.60) Shirley. W. M.; Powers, C. A.; Fry,. J. S. Inorg. Oem. 111, 30,SENDo iS 4162-4185.REF1143SEN03 I (L61) Oxin. G. A.; Ozkaw, S.; Macdonald, P. J. Phys. Chem. 10"0. 94.SENNS 14 6939-6943.REF1146SEN03 I (L62) Fin W. C.; Glepl. AD.; edode, 0.: Marks, T. J. J. Am. Chem.SEND 16 Sow. 1ON, 112. 6221-6232.REFI 149SEND 1 (1.63) MoMutay. L; Aoies. A. J.; Kuierw n, A.; Ozin, G. A.; Ozker. S. J.SES IS Phys. Chem. 1301, 95, 9448-9456.REFZ 952SEN0i IL64) Vlmrk~ . S. A.; Bame. C. E.; trmneker. T. L.; Penner.lishn, J. E.;SEN 14 Slinson. C. M.; Iuggins. B. A.; Benea, A.; E t. P. 0. GCpnsiehs

S 101. 10. 3803-3806.REFI 955SENDS 1 L66) Coddn n. J. M.; Hows. R. F.; Yong. Y. S.; Asakun. K.: 1wasawa, Y.SENDS IS j. Chern. So.. Faraday Tnens. It". 80. 1015-1016.REFI 158SENo, I (L66) Edwards. j. C.; Adam. A. 0.; Elea, P. 0. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1100.SENS 6 Y Y2. 8349-8384.REFI 61SENS 1 1," Edwsi. J. C.; Elk, P. D. Lanpu* 1101. 7, 2117-2134.REF 194SEND3 I .68) Thawveot A.; FowNer. M.: Foccldccia5-DefcheM. C. J. Chem. Soc..SENDS it Fanaday Ramw. 111, 87. 2829-2635.REF 1167SEN03 I p.L) Neramns, K.; Rady. B. M.: Roo. P. K.; Mostithi. V. M. J. hys.SENDS IS Chem. IO. 94. 7336-7337.REF1170SEN03 I p.70) Lap, . S.: MMl, V. .; ,SlLmnova. .; 8ulgekova. Y O.J.SENS iS AmD. C141. IHi. of. 61-73.REFI1SSENN (L.71) do O aa. P. G. P.: Lefewe. F; Eon. . G.; Vola. J, C J. ChemSENS 17 SOC.. O9Wn. Coftwmu. 1000. 1480-1482.REFI971SEN03 I (L72) Cato. J.; 84ow., M.; Drawnkl. M.: H.er, J.; l-wqe. M.; Karger. J.;SENOS 14 Pkf9, H.: Storek. W: Zibows. 1 J. CAW. 10 0. 124. 367-375REFMI ISEN3 1 (0.3) Bradley. J. S Milla. J. M.; Hill. E. W.; BOh. S J CO. 111. 129,SENO7 17 530-539REFi12

UNIT NO. 877 920414Gal. 20 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 I0M2

310 I .74) ba-1y. J. S.; Mie.J. .;HIM, E.W. J. Am. Chmn. Soc. 161. 113,310 I 4016-4017.

REF1188SK"403 I1 .75) BusyJ,. S.: Mar, J.; 18. E. W.; I eicd'. M. J. Chem. Soc.,SfNS 1 own. CoMn,. 1ff0, 705-706.REF118

SEN03 I .76) Chin, K. W. H.; Wlickowd, A. J. Elocrochor. Soc. 1900, 137.S"O 13 367-308.REF1191SEN03 I .77) ZkM K. W.; Bonnoviot, L; Halr, G. L.; Hem 0. H.; Kermarec. M. j.SENOS 16 Phys. hown. 100. 94. 8495-408.REF1194SEN03 1 (1.78) Ouncan. T. M.; Tlyer. A. M.: Root. T. W. J. awn. Ms. 1#04. 92.83EN0 16 2663-2672.REF11978103 I 0.79) Pngidi M.; K.dmbmrg J. C.; Garstkbi. B. C.; KM, T. S. j. Am.SEN06 15 Chem. Soc. 1900. 112. 4232-4240.REFtm0SE03 I .80) Kkg, C. A.: SIdhtw, C. P.: Silht. J. H. J. I"va. Chaum. 1991, 95,SEN06 is 2119-2121.REF1203SEN03 I .81) Ptumbea. 0.; Srmnsa, R.; Frawwd. j. Qiwn. Pyvs. Lef. 1991,SN06 12 179, 21--222.REFIos

S31403 &82) B6saj~gmL J. P.; Roo. J. M.; Sam. J. J. P". Cmn. 1031. 95,81N6 iIs 3443-34685.RE~i;'IegE3 (183) Chosmem M. A.; Dotla. A.; Laon. 0.; WNaw,.on, 0. J.: Pacisr. K. J.

SE1106 15 J. Crmn. Soc.. Fraday Trrm. 1010. 80, 3491-3492.REF1212SN03 1 0.84) W. X.; Gerstein. B. C.; King, T. S. J. CM. 100, 123, 43-59.R1F1215SINOB 1 .85) Wu. X.. Gestin. 0. C.; King, T. S. J. CaW. 1030, 121, 271-293.R11218Sl3r03 1 (LI) Chorng T. H. Chemtn. C. P.: Yuh. C. T. J. Phys. Chm. 1901, 95,8EN06 16 5239-5244,

SEN03 I L87) Wang, J. X.; ENs. P. 0. J. Am. Cmorn. Soc. 1001, 113. 9675-9676.REF2248103 I O8) OOCiad.o E. C.; Edwards. J. C.; Scuda. T. R.; Storm D. .; uno. J.SEN 16 W. J. Ca&M. 1031. 132, 498-511.

SE3103 (.LM) W&, Y.: Chmaks. B. F.; Phins, A.: Davis, M. E.; Qo0bet. P. J.; Jacobs,83106 16 P. A. las 1030, 340. 550-552.REF1230813 (I.60) J.n. R.; Chmelma B. F.: Wt Y.: GWundl.W P. J.: Pk1im. A.; Bario,SEN06 15 P. J.; Kkaw".J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1011. 113. 4097-4101.REF1233SE03 I 0.1) &MoaSlou L; Golieca, Z.; Oeroua. E.; Vogt . E.T. C.; van Oan.,83146 15 J. Zeaftm 1901, It. 583-592.RF1236SEN03 (L92) Moliond. J. A.: Felon. E.: Lievens. J. L; Grob4, P. J.; Jacobs. P. A. J.81406 17 Phys. Chem. 1031, 95, 10025-10031.REF12358108 0.3) PNte. J.0.; ChN, P. J.; CrfiK A. J. Phys. Chom. 101. 95.S10 is 9994-9030.REF1242SEN03 I L94) ZIbrowka. B.; Lo o. U.: Ptldter-Mandau. J. J. Chem. Soc.. FaradayS340 12 rnm. 1031. 87. 1433-1437.31112458103 I PAS) Oo, A. F.; Dwyer, J.: CDwing. J.; Kahn. K. J. Chem. Soc., FaradayS310 15 Tram. 1001. 87.2679-2684.R112488140 1 (M0) Prbak ,. S.: Rao. K. J.; Rao. C. N. R. Aier. Re. &At. 1031, 26,83106 16 805-412.31712518840 1 0.97) Mminho0d. R. H.; Tapp. N. J. J. Chm. Soc.. Chem. Comma.u 100.8106 14 219-220.R3113254SE0 I .38) KustanoAK I.; G0,1ob, 0. J. Phys. Chmn. 1 01. 95, 8618-8823.R111257SN03 1 GLM0) Milthot.ft R. H.: Tapp, N. J. Zeoaas 1"t1. 11. 401-408.R11268SN03 I 0L100) Annan M. J.: Dais. M. E.; Itanon, B. E. CAW. Left. 190. ,.S3140 is 331-340.

810 1 001) Chen 0. J.: Frdmcrd J.; Cauffltz. H.; G',,9J L ZedoM 1901. If.8106 I 534-43.3K120SN03 I 0102) Ahm PA K.; lIon. I. E. J. Pys. Chm. 191. 95. 4496-4500.3E132698340 I (1.103) Lim C. F.; Chao, K. J.. Phys. Ctwm. M01. 9., 0411-9415.

SEN03 I 1.104) Chifhnr. A.; I lop . A. K. Z em 101. 11. 265-269.

SEN0 i 1.106) Nelsen. N. C.; Bdsoo H.; Jkoben H. J.; Noly. P. Z~om 1001,SEN06 14 11. 622-432.R111278SEN03 1 4.106) Mon. P. P.; Pib'o. M. J.; 1Sitamofd. 0. J. Cetm. Soc.. Faraday8316 14 Traiu. 1960. 00. 1599-1602.RLl1281

SI0 (.107) Tio. C.; Corbin. 0. Ft.: DumWA, V.; Waler. D.: Dybowski, C. j.83140 14 PFty'. C e. 1906. 94. 4195-4198.

SEN03 I .106) Todono C. J.; KiuMi . J. S.; Co ibM. 0. R.; Abrnm. L; Carrl. EE.;SL0 is Dybow@kl. C. J. M". 0fmml. 1361, 95. 8586-5891.

843 I 109) Q . R.; Dmaosls , ft.: BA.;u B.; Godion. A.; Frdssali. J.S3140 12 J. My. tem. 1001, 95, 2443-2447.

S303 I (LI 10) Godson. A.: &Emla*tr. P.: Omais. R.: Boddentg B. Fraigard, J.83N0 12 Cen. Pty'. Loft. 11. ?P7. 191-194.

8343 I L11) Chin. 0. J.: FrabumO J. Chm ,y,,. Left. 190". 7in. 598-598.REFIM5

8140 I I.112) KW J,-G.; 18gw S.-K.: Lee. J. Y.; Ryoo. f. J. Mys. Com, 10311.8a0 iS 9S. 1546-652.RIF I 1SEN03 I (L. 113) Chen. 0 J. Guilt J L.. Se, A:Caudl . P: FrassSard. J Zooftfes

UNIT NO. 878 920414GaL 21 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SENOR6 15 1331, 11, 790-M0.REF1342SEW40 1 (L114) Coftemin. A. L: Hickson. D. A.; Caut~dg. S.; Dytlowaid C.; Ta.SENOR6 13 C.; Veneto. A. F. ZemoB~e 111411. 71. 27-34.REF1306SENN0 1 5.115) Clier. 0. J.; Ito. T.; Frabeard. J. Zeofts 101. It. 239-243.REF13NSEN0o3 I(L 18) Couemg. T. T. P. J. Canut. 13"0. 124. 511-5 19.REF1311SEN403 I (LI 17) Karger. J3.; Pfeifer. H.; Stabnach. F.; Spinier. H. Zeo~tes 1330 to.SENOR 13 2W8292.REF1314SEN03 1 (L 116) Seo, M.; Ryoo. A. J. CaaI. 1310. 124. 224-230.REF1317SEN03 I (Lii19) Alexander. S. M.; Cvdiegton J. M.; Howe. R. F. Zec~ats 130. it.SEN06 14 368-370.REF1(320SEN403 I 5.120) Ryoc. R.; Pak, C. H.; Chrroftc. B. F. Zscills 1330. 10. 790-793.REFISZ3SEN03 1 (1.121) Ryoo. B.; Pak, C.; Ahn, 0. H.; do Menorval. L.-C.: Figueras. F. Case/.SENOR6 18 LOU. 131.1 7, 417-422.REF1326SEN03 1 51.122) Valence. M. P.; Bouleal M. J. Cab#l. 1311. 728. 447-457.RE1329SE*40 1 51.123) Yang. 0. B.; Woo. S. L. Ryoo. R. J. CAW. 1300. 123. 375-382.337138251*40 1 51.124) Baffie. P. J3.; Moa, 0. F.; Gaeaon. L.; Raywnant. T.; Kkowacl. ..SENOR6 14 J. R"y. Char. 1301. 95. 9410-9419.REFI335SEN403 I 5.125) Bamal. N.; OybowaKd C. J. Aw. Remon. 1300. 89. 21-27.REF13U8SEN403 I JL126) Karge. J. J. AW. Reor. 1301. 93, 164-185.REFI134SEN403 1 0.127) hmelca. B. F.; Peao. J3. 0.; L S. a.; Ryoo. A.; de Menarval. L.51EN06 is C.; Piee A. J. Rhy. Olum. 131.1 95, 303-310.REF134SEN403 I 5.1211) Pan. H.; Pruski. M.; Gerstein. 8. C.; Lk. F.; Lannig. J. S. ft%. Rev.SEN406 t6 8 1301. 44. 6741-4745.REFI347SEN403 1 51.129) &Ai, 0... Parki. T. J.; lvii S. K.; Ayoo. R. J. Phya. Cher". 1991.SENOR6 it 95. 3767-3771.REF1350SEN403 1 5.130) Karger. J1.; S~kber. H. J. Am. Chemi. Soo. 1"11. 113. 7571-7574.RE13U8SEN403 1 5L131) Ito. T.; Fraiseard. J1.; Karger. J1.; Pfelfer, H. Z0ofts 101. it.SENOR6 13 103-106.REF1(356SEN403 1 51.132) Forate. C.; Knre. J.: Plefter H.; Rlekert. L.; Buiow. M.; 2lcaoma. A.51*N06 14 J. Ci.,,. Soo., Paay, rfne. 13110. 5. 881-685.REFISSEN403 1 51.133) Gay,. D..; Mr~rlan. A..J.; Morrow. B. A. J1. Phy. 05t7. 1301. 95.51*406 t6 13410-13U8.REF139251*N03 1 51.134) CPUi P. J-'; de Mkteiutv, A.; Lunsforck J. H. J. Phys. Chem,. 1301,51*406 15 95. 7362-736N.REF13USEN403 I CU13S) Chui. P. J.; Lirnslorl. J. H.; Zaltrwsi. 0. J1. J. ~ug? Reson. 1310,SENOR is 87. W379.RE11348SEN403 1 (1.136) Chvu. P. J3.; Carvel. R. A.; Luaiaford. J. H. Chemi. phy. Leff. 1300.SENOR6 is 175, 407-412.RE1(371SEN403 1 51.137) Mastlkhi,. V. M.; Muckakovscy, 1. L.; Filrvonova. S. V. Zoa~tes 1og0.5S*406 13 10. 593-597.REF137451*403 1 0.138) Kunanovld. L.; Luzi. Z.; Vaga. S.; Vega. A. J7. J. Pt"s. Chem. 1IM,51*406 is 94, 3138-3144.REF1377S1*403 1 5L133) Boddtrwg. B.; Eltuner K. LsngmiM' 101. 7. 1498-1$05.REF136051*40 1 51.140) Zeilear. R. C.; Meclel. 0. E. J. Am. Chem,. Soc. 1"01. 173.SENOR6 14 6349-4356.R133S1*N03 1 5L141) 00goda. P. E.; Gilin. R. K. Langnvk 130. S. 941-94.REF128651*08 1 51.142) Zeiler. A. C.; Maeal. Q. E. J. Pfys. Chem. 11141, 95. 7345-7353.337138351*403 1 (1.143) Kan&. H. J3.; Baki. F. 0. J9. Ph". Chem. 1301. 95, 9391-9396.RE1392SEN403 1 (1.144) Nbhktt. S.; Ratoatf. C. L; ftmmeeter. J. A. J. PfY'. Chtem. 1330.SENOR6 14 94, 6038-4102.R31123S1*N03 I 5.145) Poupko. R.; Fu,aw. E.; Mider. K.; Luzi. 7-.J. R". Chanm. 1"01, 95,SENOR6 1S 407-413.RE13"SEN403 1 0.146) Ceewonl.z 0. M.; Marel. G. H.; Vold. A. L.; Void. R. R. J. Phys.5S*4OR 16 Clan'. 11401. 95. 1525-1527,REF 146151*40 1 11.147) Hishider S.; RAcIffe. C. I.; FApnmsee. J. A. J. R"y. OChem. 1301.5S*406 14 9. 10-1536.REF1 40451140 I (L.148) Ohs. H.; Kueo. A.; Katae. M.; Sem. H. Cher. Pfiys- Leff. 13M,SENOR 14 172. 204-230.REF1407SEN403 I 5.143) Facey, a.; F~ e"e. J. A. J7. 0mm. Sac., Chem. Cotfvmi,.51*40 12 1933. 1566-1687.RET141ISSE*403 iIL ISO6) Ow A-m- T.; ZS'vvwntm'avi H.; IHeme*s. U. .J. Cher". PFys. 11300.51*406 12 92. 2178-2 IN.RKF141351*403 1 11.151) Roastr. E.; Tmu.1z. M.: 00 m. K.; Schutz. M.: V~w. H.-M. J,. Chem.SENOR6 14 ip"y. 1it". 92. 5847-5855.REF1419SE*40 a (1.152) Shk*ai. S.; Arelit. K.; Matsusds. T.; Uslvyanm. N: Ikeds. H: Takasu.SENOR6 13 L.; (eIw . ,U. J9. Am- Chem,. Soc. 1IM. 712. 9053-90SO63371410SEW40 1 &153) Schieider, H. .;. Btte. T.; Skmov-. S Jr. Am. Chem Soc. 1361.SENOR6 14 113. 19W-2000REF1422

UNIT NO. 879 920414Gal. 22 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SENS 1 (1.54) Heyes. S. J.; Cleyden, N. J.; Dobson, C. M. J. Phys. Chem. 19I1.SEWS 15 95. 1547-1554.REFI425SENI 1 (1.155) Sekine, S.; Kubo. A.: Sanm. H. Chwm. PFys. Let. 1990. 171.SEN06 13 155-160.REF1428SE 03 1 (1.156) Gray, C.; Evans. J. S. 0.; O'Har. 0.; Hayes. S. J. J. Chem. Soc.,SEN06 16 Chem. Commun. 1991, 1380-1382.REFI431SEN03 1 (1.157) Imashio, F.; Kikazaki. N.; Kuwahara. D.; Nakai. T.; Terao. T. J.SEN0 13 Chem. Soc., Chn. Commun. 191. 85-86.REFI434SEN0S 1 (158) Hayes. S. J.; Dobson. C. M. agn. Reson. Clhom. 1990, 25. S37-SEN06 13 S46.REF1437SEN03 I 0.159) ARmester. J. A.; Ratclffe, C. 1. J. Phys. Chem. 190. 94,SENOS 13 8773-8776.REF1440SEN03 1 0.160) RIn'eaer. J. A.; Rstclf, C. 1. J. M". Chem. 190. 94,SEN06 13 7652-7656.REFi44371H)03 1 SCLID BIOLOGICAL UYSIrMSREFI44SSEN03 1 (M1) Kennedy. S. D.; Bryant R. G. Bkdpoiww3 1930, 29, 1801-1806.REF1449SENO3 1 (2) Hariteld. J.; Lugtfnibg. J.; Lavtt. M. H.; Grtffm, R. 0. Science 1991.SENOS 14 251. 783-786.REF1452SEN03 I (M) ChrOtensen, A. M.; Scheefer. J.; Kramer. K. J.: Morg T..; HoT. . .SENDS 14 T. L J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113. 6799-6802.REF14SEN03 1 (M4) Amn. T. M.; Orban. J.; Drobny, G. P. Biochemistry 1991. 30.SEN06 13 9229-9237.REFI4S8SEN3 1 15) Huang. W. C.; Orban, J.; Kinem, A.: Raid, B. R.; robny. G. P. J. Am.SEN0S 17 Chem. Soc. 1990, 112. 9059-9068.REFI461SEN03 I (M6) Tang. P.; Jasng. C. L.; Harbison, G. S. ScWce 1990, 249, 70-72.REF1464SEN03 I (#A7) Shor. K. J.; Kkm, Y. GL; Colnigo. L A.; Opesl. S. J. Science 1991.SEN08 16 252. 1303-1304.REF1467SEN03 1 (M1 ) Chu. S.-W.: N ,cholm. L K.; Brannemn. M. T.; Surasmansm S.;SEN06 12 Tang. 0.: McCa tmon. J. A.; Cross. T. A.; Jakobeaon, E. 8kplhys. J.

24 1N1. 60. 974-978.RE1470SENoS I (M) Smith, R.; Thoms. 0. E.; Atkin. A. A.; Saepavic. F.; Comed. B. A.SEN0 16 fBldchsn. Bicphye. Acts 1990. 1026. 161-166.REFI473SEN03 I (M10) WAlerai. A.; Yang. 0. P.; Griffi. R. Q.; Des Gta. S. K. B/ochlim.SEN0 15 p". Acts 110, 102. 31-42.REF1476SENWS 1 (MIl) OkldK. E.; Lee. H. C.; Cvratoporkw C.; Adebodun, F.; Park. K. D.;SEM0S 14 Yang. S.; Chung. J.; Phirp. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 11191. 113,

26 110-4465.RLF1479SEN03 I (M12) Shol. A.; Ozakl. T.; Futo. T.; Oeguchl. K.; Ando. S.; An~o, I. J. Am.SENOS 16 Chern. Soc. 190. 112. 4693-4697.REF1482SEN03 I (MIS) Alsm T. M.; Orony. G P. Chm. Rev. 1"91. 91. 1546-1590.REF148USEN03 I (M14) Deromre, A. E.; Bowden, S. Chem. Rev. 1191. 91, 1307-1320.REF148871103 I SLID PLYMMREFI49ISEN03 I (I1) Roy. A. K.; In s sld. P. T. Frog. NA Spgc'sc. 1990, 22, 569-603.REFI494SEN03 (2) Findlay. A.; Harris, A. K. J. MAgo. Resov. 1M. 87. 605-609.REF1497SEN03 1 (NW) Tonea A. E Aftsamoscules 1990. 23. 3129-3134.REFISO0SEN (4) Tonesl A. E. Aftsarnoftcul 1990. 23. 3134-3137.REFIS03SESN03 (16) Schaefer. D.; Spiess. H. W.: Suter, U. W.; Fomng W. W. Afteomolf-SENDS 13 cu 1990, 23. 3431-3439.R31506SEN3 i (N) Ouff. 0. W.; Macies, M E. Abaonaftcser 1991. 24. 387-397.REFISWSEN0S (4) Dul. 0. W.; Macleg G E. i 1991. 24. 661-656.R]FI&I2SEN03 I (N) Duff, 0. W.; Macl, O. E. Aielromoisube I00. 23, 4367-4371.REFI516SENDS I (NO) Duff. D. W.; MaKcl G. E. Ataomooceue 199 . 23. 3069-3079.REFISISSEND3 I (NI0 Tanner, 8. F.; Chanzy, H.; Vincendon, M.: Roti. J. C.; Gd. F. A4ho-SENOS 14 m**saW IO0. 23, 3576-3583.REFIS21SEN0S I (Nl ) Yaetdim H.; Ano, I. Aaowmoiscule IN0. 23. 2908-2912.REFS124SENDS I (N12) Yokols H.; Se, T.; HWIL F.; Kiatnwu. R. J. API. Po.rm. Sc. 1910,SENDS Is 41, 763-791.REFISVS ND I (N13) Gbarlw, J. R.: Stlrk. R. E. A4bcrorodlecu 1990. 23. 2614-2819.REFIS3SENS 1 (N14) Yoelrrdzu, H.: Mirra. H.; Ando 1. Ahisootcules 19111. 24.SENS 11 862-666.REFI5,3SENS I (415) Pollu, M. 0.: Schaefer. J. Albaon'ocula 190". 23. 2682-2685.REFSED I (N16) Taylor. M. G.; Sundsraraan. P. A. Aftaomoftcuies 1990. 23.SENDS 11 2602-2604REFIS39SENDS I (NIT) Poks. M. 0.; Gumon. T.; Schaefer. J. Aanrofolecute, 19110. 23.SENDS 12 2978-2681.REF1542SEN03 I (NI) Hw- lot P. M.: Long. T. E. Aro~oina e 1111. 24, 55-60REFIS45SEN3 I (N19) Gomez. M. A.; Jae. ; CozWe+ M H . Toneffl. A E J Am Chem.SENS 16 Soc It0. 112. 5861-5882RFFI549

UNIT NO. 880 920414GaL 23 AC6B21M A192OD20B V064 1012

SEN03 I (N420) Gommz M. A.; TaneS., A. E. Aftrooloculb 1890. 23. 3385-3388.R13151331403 1 (M21 Pschon. U.; Rattler. E.; Sliescu H.; Kaufmnn, S.; Scheaeler. 0.;SENOB 12 Sptes. H. W. Aftcomolecules, 1991. 24. 398-402.REFI554SEN03 I (N422) Stayer. H. 0. H.; Frechet. .J. M. J5. Aftcromolcuies 1991. 24.SENO6 13 883-888.

11557SENO3 1 (OW2) Hirschiiger. Ji.; Mklwa. H.; Garnier. K. H.; English. A. D. Afacwoob331406 12 cula 1110. 23. 2153-2169.REFISGOSEN03 I (1424) Mkgs. H.; H~sct*vge. Ji.; English, A. 0. Ak-,vnaiels 1110., 23.SENOB 12 2169-2182.REF 1543SEN03 i (1425) Polka,. M. 0.; Schanefer. J. Aaomodcgje. 1980. 23. 3426-3431.REF) 54SEN03 I (N26) Krae Jg, W.; Scieffel. C.; Spies., H. W. Aecioaciss 1990. 23.331406 12 4081-4007.REF 1569SEN03 I (N27) Rea.o J. A.; Volmo F.; Blumstefn, R. B. J64crmoleclas 1891. 24,SEN0le 13 2802-2867.RE11572SEN03 1 (1428) Scholiyseek. G.; Saline. J.; Zachm~arel. H. G. Poj 1891. 32.SENOO 12 1031-1043.REF1576SEN03 1 (N429) Nakagawa, M.; Horl. F.; Ktameau. R. Po&",w 111110. 31, 323-328.REF1578SEN03 1 (1430) Schmldt-Rohr. K.; Spiess, H. W. Aftrooniloculas 1891. 24.SEN06 10 52W85293.REF15SISEN03 1 (1431) Wehle~. 9.; Lknbech. H. ?t; Mortensen. J.; Heinze. J. Angew.- Cown.SENO6 13 1989. 28. 1741-1743.1311584SEN03 1 (N432) Owiner-Gil. B.; Euler. W. B.; 101stwiber. P. 0.; Robefta. J. E. J. Am.331408 15 Qhem. Soc. 1"11. 113. 6831-4834.RElI58?SEN03 I (N433) Kotert A. C.; Saric~fte. S.; Gaud., K.-U.; Stuerle. P.; MelkVg. M. J.SENCO 14 Am. Chem. Soc. 11001. 113. 8243--8246.REF113SOSEN03 I (N34) Coa.e 0.; Grosso, A.; Saccl, . C.; Stain. P. C.; Zetta. L Aect-SEN06 14 molcules 1901. 24. 2858-2861.REF1693SEN403 I (OW3) Tanaka. H.; Thain,. M.; Gonez. M. A.; ToneS., A. E. Po~mar 1901.SEN06e 14 32, 18344-1840.REF1396SENo3 1 (143) Meadiwe. M. D.; Christenson. C. P.; Howard. W. L.; Hartiocick. M. A.;SEN0le 14 Guerra, R. E.; Turner. R. B. Alacoicwdes 1090. 23. 2440-2444.REF1539SEN03 I (N437) .iockcn. P.; Cary. Rt H. 44mr. Resmr. Chem. 18.101,29. 1061-1004.REFOOZ1SEN03 £ (N38) Ikiggen. T. P.; Ga, H. A.; Weedlg, T. L; Jenneelcens. L W.; Schu-331406 14 tn'. H. E. C.; 1kiyenien W. 0.8B.; Veemen. W. S. Acomoisculas 1IM.

27 23, 3063-3008.REF1I46S31N03 i (1439) Zwsnei&a. N.; O'Remy. J. M. Acromoleculss 1991. 24,SEN06 10 529"-298.REFISOSSEN403 1 OM44) Natanaohn. A.; Lacate. U.; Banu. 0.; Feldmnan. 0. J. Appl. Pfymi.331406 13 Sol. 1IM, 40. 890-904.REF1611SEN03 t (N441) Mdai. W. E. J. A.; Vandentteliden. W. A. C.; Veeman. W. S.; Vatrcan.SEN06e 15 J. M. J.; Bumklg 0. H. W. J. Chem. Phs. 1891. 95. 4898-4708.REFI614SEN03 1 (1442) Takegoeli. K.; lcli.K. J. Qtemn. Pftys. 1991. 94. 3200-3200.REFIG17SEN03 I (1443) Grobskry. J1.; Rlce. 0. U.; Karasz. F. E.; kIdockniglt. W. 4. Adeaomoie331406 13 cuies ION, 23. 2139-2144.REFI620531403 I OW4) Scdwilki-Raw. K.; Clas. J.; Bluanilch. B.: Spies, H. W. Alegn. Reeon.SEN08DS 13 Cem. 1890. 28. S3-59.131)62333140 1 (1445) Sbywnone. A.; Natesn. A. Aborwimioculm 10,91. 24, 365 1-34111.REF1626SEN403 I (N10 Zhang X.; Talcegoeli K.; Hkdchl. K. Milcomoiacules, 181.1 24.SENOO it 5756-5762.131)6293S1N03 1 (N447) Mler. J. B.; Mcol.h K. .; Roland. C. M.; Trask,. C. A.; Genfoway. A.331408 1W N. Avaoolecuise 19N. 23. 4543-4547.131)632SEN03 (N48) Zhang. C.; Wang. P.; Jones. A. A.; INgl, l. P. T.; KsAmbc, R. P.SEN0le 15 libaomoftcule 1"81, 24. 338-340.REFISSEMO I (N49) Sicta. K. J.; Sasaki, D. Y. 1. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1"81. 113.S0NO 14 4100-4120.137)638SENOS I (1460) Snmlh. P. B.; Mcli. D. J. J1hacornoaus 1890. 23, 3250-3250.REF)641SEN03 I (N51) Karlady. 0. J. Posen. But. IO. 23, 605-608.

11644SEN03 1 (1402) Kengene A. P. M.; Vaitoslel. H. A.; Verweel. A. J5.; Veenun, W. S.33140 £8 hbAwoflltctm 1891, 24. 3712-3714.REF)647F11103 £ 301.1 INtmNOMIC COMPOUNDS1REI68331403 1 (01) Seneca R. A.; Gruff. E. S.; Kock S. A.; Harbison. . S. J. Am. Chemn.331406 17 Soc. 11)8. 112. 9257-9203.131)683SEN03 1 (02) Sebeid. A.; Mont. R. K. Oanommetas 1980. 9. 20941-2100.REF16633140 1 (03) Attar. S.; Bearden. W. H.; Alcocic, N4. W.; A"e. E. C.; Njelsonr .4H.SENN0 16 Inorp. Oalein. 1980. 29. 425-433.131)639SENM3 1 (04) Ssntoes. R. A.; Gruff. E. S.; Koch. S. A . Harbison. G S, J Am ChemSENoe 07 Soc. 1981, 113, 409-475,R1)62331N03 1 (05) Hamt P. A.; Skaughn.f8.P; A.A. A.. Hrris.R. K; Say. 1.J. JSENOR6 it Chem. Svc.. Delon Trame. 190. 2131-2135,REFI663S EN03 1 (006) Peuer. F.: Rocha. .; Stalte. 0 J Chem, Soc . Chemn Corvw'.

UNIT NO. 881 920414Gal. 24 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

SENNS 13 1"01. 1477-1479.REFI168SEN03 1 (07) Attar, S.: Bowmaker, . A.; Alcock. N. W.; Frye, J. S.; Bearen. W. H.;SEN06 16 Nelson. J. H. JIrg. Chem. 11,01. 30. 4743-4753.REFI671SEN03 1 (08) Attar, S.; Aicock. N. W.; Bowmaker. G. A.; Frye. J. S.; Bearden, W. H.;SEN06 16 Nelson, J. H. 1norg. Chem. 191. 30. 4166-4176.REFI874SEN03 1 (09) Kiebs. B.; Grealng, H.; Brendel. C.; Tsufete. F.; Goaweescard. M.;SEN06 12 Berg, R. W. lnorg. Chern. 1691, 30, 981-988.REFI677SEN03 1 (010) Heyee, S. J.; Dobson. C. M. J. Am. Con. Soc. 1391. 113,SEN06 14 463-409.REFISOSENO' 1 (011) BlortioK, T.; Jakobsn, H. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911. 113. 27-32.REF1683SEN03 1 (012) Heeton. B. T.; Sabouwche. j.; 0 aghan, S.; Nakayama. H.; Eguch,S&N06 12 T.: Takeda. S.; Nakamura. N.: Chftara. H. BN. Chem. Soc. on. 1990.

24 63.3019-3021.REF1686SEN03 1 (013) Heyes. S. J.: Dobson. C. M.; Gollop, M. A.; Johnson. a. F. 0.; Lewis.SEN06 16 J. Inorg. Chem. 191. 30. 3850-3856.REFICIISEN03 1 (014) Brags, D.: Greploni. F.; Parish. E. Organometai/cs 1981. 10.SEN06 u1 3735-3739.REF1692SEN03 1 (015) Ban R.: Grondey, H.; Erker. GL; At/. R.; Nolte. R. OrganometacsSEN06 13 1990, 9. 2493-2497.REF1695SENO3 1 (016) Akim. S.; Bott. M.; Gotetto. R.: Orland. A. agn. Roeson. Chem.SEN0D 13 10. 28, 852-$58.REFIGSSF.33 1 (017) Power, W. P.; Lumde. M. 0.; Wasyliuhon. R. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc.SENO 15 101, 113, 8257-8262.REFI701SEN03 1 (018) Lindner. E.; Fawzl R.; Mayer, H. A.; Elhl e. K.; Pl hmer, K. Inorg.SFN06 14 Chem. 1111, 30. 1102-1107.REF1704SEN03 1 (019) KIr. A. J.: Altbach, . I.; Buter, L. G J. Am. Chem. Soc. 191.SEN0S 16 113, 4831-4838.REF1707SEN03 1 (020) Penner, . H.; Wasyllhon, R. E. Can. J. Chem. 1089, 67.SEN06 13 1909-1913.REFII0SEN03 1 (021) Klose. G.; Mops. A.: Grossmann. G.; Trahms, L Chem. Pys. Left.SEN06 13 1N0. 175, 472-476.REFI7I3SEN03 1 (022) Jameson. C. J.; de Dim. A. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1991. 95.SEN06 14 9042-9053.REF1716SEN03 1 (023) Hayshi. S.; Hayarnizu, K. BO. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 160, 63.SEN06 12 961-93.REF171SEN03 1 (024) Canpts. G. C.; RAnepies. J. H.; Haw. J. F. Inorg. Chm. 111,SEN0 14 30. 171-176.REF1722SEN03 1 (025) Alen. L C.; Warren. W. W.; Haddon, A. C.; Oakley. R. T.; Cordes. A.SEN0S 16 W. Phys. Rev. 8 1991. 43, 1456-1459.REF172SSEN03 1 (026) Clayton, A. N.; Dobson, C. M.; Grey, C. P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem.SEN0D 15 Commun. 190. 72-74.REFI728SEN03 1 (027) Ouchamp, J. C.; PskuaeL, M.; Cowley. A. H.; Zhm. K. W. J. Am.SEN06 15 Chem. Soc. 1960. 112. 6803-6809.REFIT31SEN03 1 (028) Clrs. A. 0.; Schlver. M. J.; Wssylshen, R. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc.SEN0S 15 1601. 113. 1493-1498.REF1734SEN03 1 (029) Aplih, T.; Dollneek. J.; Topic, 8.: BInc, R. Phys. Rev. 5 1960. 41.SENDS 15 7227-7230.REFI737SEN03 1 (030) Bestow, T. J.; Segel. S. L.; Jeffrey. K. R. Sold Stat Coomm. 111.SEN06 15 75. 56-64.REFI740SEN 1 (031) Phili, . L.; Kirk trick. R. J.; Thompson, J. 0. Phys. Rev. 8 1991,SEN0 IS 43. 13280-13284.REFI743SEN03 1 (032) Wagner. . W. Sold Stte lordcs 1601. 47, 143-147.REF1746SEN03 1 (033) Klm. J. N.: Dye. J. L J. Phs. Chem. 1990. 94, 5390-5402.REF 1749SENS ! (034) Neun. M. J.; MIIIcsn. C. F.; WrWk4, J. 0.; Ohloran. T. V. J. Am.SEN" 16 Chem. Soc. 139N, 112. 3255-3257.REF1752SEN03 1 (035) Men. 0. H.; Okiod E. Inoig. Chem. 1O0. 29. 3666-3669.REFI7UPHI03 1 INO1OANIC MATNIALSREFITS8SEN0S i (P1) Eckel H. Angew. Chem. 1980, 28. 1723-1732.REFI761SEN03 i (P2) Latrop, 0.; Ecksmr H. ftPs. Rev. 8 1991. 43. 7279-7287.REF17U4SEN0S (P3) Franke, 0. A.; Eckert. H. J. Phys. Chm. 1601, 95, 331-336.REF1767SEN03 I (P4) Lathrop, 0.; Eckerl. H. J. Am. Chm. Soc. 1990. 112. 9017-9019.RZF1770SENS I (PS) Fra*e. 0.: Maxwel. A.; La,vop 0.; Eckert. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc.SEN0S 14 19111, 113, 4822-4830.REFIT73SEN0 1 (P) Mel, R.: Lahrop, 0.; Frinre, 0.; Eckerl. H. Angew. 0hem. 10.SEN 13 29. 82-84.REPIT76SNF.O3 i (P7) Domrc'. M. C. J. Phys. C0han. 1t0. 94, 6514-6515REFI79S N0 I (PS) Dwncq, M. C. J. Phys. Cgem. 19N. 94, 7330-7330.REF1762SEWDS I (P9) Eckert. H. J. Phys. omn. 1999. 94, 6515-6510.REFI79S5SEN03 I (Pl10 Hardeastle. F. 0; Wachs. I. E; Eckei. H. Jefferson. D A J Sod

UNIT NO. 882 920414Gal. 25 AC6B321M A1920020B V064 1012

SEN4os 15 State a..,,. 13.1111 90. 194-210.REF1798SENO3 I (P11) Xue, X.; Stebbins. J. F.; Kanzakl. Md.: Tromnas R. G. Science 1989.SEN06 14 245. 962-964.REF1791SEN03 1 (P12) Stebinski. J. F.; Kanzaki. M. Scietnce 1001. 251, 294-298.REF1794SENO3 1 (P13) Stebinsm. J. F. Neitwo~ 1931. 351. 638-9.REF1797SEN03 I (P14) Minbet.e K. T.; Wu, Y.; Ctimelka. AI. F.: Stebinsti. J.; Pinies. A. J.SEN06 15 Chem. Soc. 1391. 113. 32-38.REFSGOSEN03 I (P15) Kollar, H.; Engehardt, G.; Feltche. J. J. Chain. Soc.. Ctem. Corn-SENOB 13 mun,. 1930. 371-372.REF1(803SENO3 I (P16) Roctia. J.; Welch. M. D.; Kkited. J. .J. Am. Chaf". Soc. 1351. 113.SENOS 15 7100-7103,REFISOGSEN03 1 (P17) Preakur. S.: Rao. K. .; Rao, C. N. R. Cha". Phys. Left. 1951, 183.SENOS 16 176-182.REF1809SEN03 I (PIS) Skilosted. J.; lorth. J.; Jalcobem H. J. Chai. P9hys. Leff. 190. 172.SENOS 14 279-283.REFIS12SENO3 I (P19) Dec. S. F.; Maced, G. E.; Fitzgerald, J. J1. J1. Am. Chemn. Soc. 1390,SEN06 16 112. 9069-9077.REFISISSEN03 I (P20) Aloreny. L. B.; Moaslot. 0.: Shenlf, B. L.; Smith. M. E.: Tamiell, F.SEN06 15 Owan. Fhys. Leff. 1031. 177. 301-306.REF1818SEN03 I (P21) Slt. A.: Macdonald, P. M.; Oz, Q. A.; Stuiy. D. J. fthys. Chem.SF1N06 16 1"00. 94. 6943-4948.REF1821SEN03 I (P22) Vieth. H. M.; Vega. S.; Yell,,. N.: Zami*. D. J. Pt. Char". 1351. 95.SF1406 18 1420-1424.REF1924SEN03 I (P23) Shea, W. L; 5Mwar J.; Gerstein. B.C.; Ll. F.: Lantiti J. S. Fhys. Rev.SENOS 17 081930. 41. 9491-9494.REF1827SENS3 I (P24) Sent. J.; Sobrados. I.; Caveal. A. L.; Pama P.: de Aza. S.; Maya. J.SEN06 i6 S. j. Am. Caram. Soc. 13.111 74. 2398-2403.REF1930SEN403 1 (P25) Babonneeu. F.: Soraru. GL 0.; Thorne. K. J. J. Am. Cwtan. Soc.SENos 14 11.1 74. 1725-1728.REF1933SEN403 1 (P26) Cardwier K. R.: Blackwell. C. S.: Hrmiotid. W. B.; Reldinger. F.;SENOS 13 Hatfield. a. R. J. Am. Chain. Sac. 1990, 112, 467"-679.REFIS36SEN403 1 (P27) Aldiftort, S. U.: PanyJones. G.; Henuld. A.: Altayyb. J.; Ak'nena. A. 1.REFO 14 .A.Cea.S3.10 3,7679SEOS14 .A.Cr8 Sc 30 3 7679 9M.SEN03 I (P28) 0MOnl. 0. J.; Cheig. T. T. P.;Schuelle.a P.; Sardah. M. J.SEN06 15 Am. Cwaum. Soc. 1351. 74, 2025-2028. ' -REF1942SEN403 I (P20) Beelend. M. P.; Qizard. C.; Hovnanian, N.; Larbot. A.; Cat. L.; Sena.SF1406 14 J.; Sohrnkdca. L;: Gregorlwltz. M. J. Am. Chaem. Soc. 1331, 113.

25 1982-1987.REF1943SEN03 I (P30) Lidner. K.; Bader, A.; Mayer. H. A. lnorg. Chem. 1331, 30.SENOS 13 3783-3765.REF1948SEN03 1 (P31) Wele, B.; Limbtach, H. H.; Zippfee. T.; Hanecc. M. Argew. Chaem.SENOS 13 1355. 28. 1743-1745.REF1931SEN403 I (P32) Apperley. 0. C.: Davies, N. A.: Harris, R. K.: Brkmah. A. K.: Eller. S.;SF1406 16 Fischer. B. D. Orptnometallcs 13010. 9. 2672-2676.REF1954SEN403 I (P33) Brnoit. F.: Cabanae, B.; Diao. M.; Petty. B. J. Fhys. Chem. 1991.SF1N06 14 95. 945-951.RZFISS?SEN403 1 (P34) Motie, H. 0.; Bankt. S.: Eft. P. 0. J. Phys. Chemn. 105, 94.SF1406 15 3121-3129.REFSGOSEN403 I OW3) Amiod. F. Ma.; Duke. C. V. A.: iller, J1. M. Can. J. Chisn. 1000. 68,SEN406 17 1420-1424.REF19OSSF1N03 I (P36) Kloprogga. J1. T.: Van der Ferden. A. M. J.; Jansoni. .J. B. H.: Gema. J.SF140 17 W. God. Aotaw 130. 69, 35 1-357.REF)356SEN403 I (P37) Boche,. J.; Adam. J. M.: Kknwuld., J. Ji. Solid State Chat,,. 1000, 89,SEN06 15 2W0274.REFIMO9SE"40 I (P38) Meclaclon. 0. J.; Morgn. K. R. J, Fhys. Chemn. 1350. 94.SEN06 13 7656-7661.REF1872SF1403 I (P39) Laperchs. V.: Lambt. J. F.: Proat. B.: Friplet. J. J. J. Phys. Chm.SENO6 S M IM. 94. 8821-8831.REF1875SEN403 I (P401 Dele*e. A.: (ketidfeen. J.; Lauba P. J. F"y. Chmn. 1351, 95,SF2406 13 1363-1392.REF 1879SEN403 i (P41) L. L. S.: Up.. X. S.; (Ge. Y.; U. L. Y.; Klinowskl, J1. J. Phye. ChsinSEN06 18 1991, 95. 5910-5914.REFISS)SEN403 I (P42) Tnet 0.; Faugere. A. M.; Proat. R. J. Phys, Chem. 1351. 95.SEN406 14 8804-6607.REF 1664SF1N03 I (P43) Rocha. J.; K~nwel. .J. Angew. Chain. 1030. 29. 553-554REF1987SENN0 I (P44) Satoh. N.: Khrrafa, K. J. Am. Chein Soc. 1300. 112. 4688-4692.REFIS81FH1O3 I PUIIBKSUREF18113SEN403 1 (01) Yaremonl. C. S.; Johnson, R. 0.; Maefer. G.; Betme. 0. S.: Salem. . BSF1406 is J. FPye. Ca". 1001. 95. 9-10.REFI33gSEN03 1 (02) Tycko. A: Hado.. C.:Dabbam. G.; Grum. S. H.;Domigs. D, C.;SF2406 15 Mulsce. A M, J, Phys Chem 1301. 95. 518-520REF 133

UNIT NO. 883 920414Gal. 26 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

S1N03 1 (03) Fowie. P. W.; Lazzerel. P.; Malago4. M.; Zansal. A. J. Phys. Chem.SEN06 14 1911. 95, 6404-6405.REFIW2SEN03 1 (04) Yannon. C. S.; Bmer. P. P.; Bathune. 0. S.; Moiler, 0.; Salem, J. R.SENS 16 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991. 113, 3190-3192.REFI0SEN03 1 (05) Hawkins. J. M.; Loren, S.; Mayer. A.; Nunlist. R. J. AM. Chem. Soc.SENS 1 '091. 113, 7770-7771.REF1968SFN03 1 (06) Bausch. J. W.: Prakash. G. K. S.; Olah. . A.; Te. D. S.; Lorenta. D.SENOe 17 C.; Baa. Y. K.; Mlhotra. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991. 113, 3205-3206.REFIll1SEN03 1 (07) Kuizer. P. N.; Morton. J. R.; Preston. K. F.; Sugden. A. K. J. Phys.SENG 16 Chem. 1O1, 95, 7117-7118.REFII4SEN03 1 (08) Kato. T.; Kodams, T.; Oyan. M.; OkazakL S.; Shida. T.; Nakagawa. T.;SENIS 14 Malaul. Y.; Suztid, S.; Shlromaru. H.; Yamauchl. K.; Achlba. Y. Chem.

25 Phys. Leot. 191,1 18.N 35-39.REFIS17FIO3 I NITN-T¢ wIRCOWUCTOnSREFI920SEN03 1 (Fi) Walatsdt, A. E.; Warren, W. W., Jr. Science 1990. 248. 1082-1087.RIEFi23SEN03 I (R2) Imal, T.; Yohbmnwa. K.; Uemura. T.; Yasuoka, H.; Kosuge, K. J. Rhys.SENOS 14 Soc. 42". 1990, 59, 3846-3849.REFI9SSEN03 I ( 3) Reyes. A. P.; Maclaughl. D. E.; Takigaws, M.; Hammel. P. C.; Heffner.SENOS 14 R. H.; Thompson. J. 0.; Crow, J. E. Phys. Rev. B. 1991, 43. 2989-3001.REFI929SEN03 I (R4) Taligawa, M.; Reyes. A. P.; Hammel. P. C.; Thompson, J. D.; Heffner,SENOS 14 R. H.; Fsk, Z.; Ot, K. C. Phy. Rev. B 1991. 43, 247-257.REF1932SEN03 1 ( S) MonUeOux. P. Phys. Rev. B 190. 41, 1112-11139.REFIOSSSEN03 1 (06) Walsetdt. R. E.; Warren. W. W.; Se. . F.; Cava, R. J.; Espiosa. G. P.;SPNOG 17 Schneerneyer, L. F.; Wazzczak. J. V. Phys. Rev. 8 1090. 41.

28 9574-9578.REFI938SENO3 1 (RT) Usda. K.: Sugala, T.; Kohorl. Y.; Kohara, T.; Ode. Y.; Yamada. M.;SENOS 14 KeaswaL S.; Motoyama. M. Sold State Conxwin. 1990, 73. 49-51.REF1I41SENO3 I (R8) Yoahfn., Y.; Yaauoka, H.; Ueda. Y.; Koga. K.; Kosuge, K. J. Phys.SENOS 14 Soc. Jpn. 190. 59, 3698-3711.REFI944SEN03 I (Al) Raven. L; Shore. J.; Yang, S.; Duncan, T.; Schwartz. 0.; Chung. J.;SENOS 14 0~ E. Phys. Rev. 8 1991, 43. 10466-10471.REFI47SEN03 I (RI) Trokdner, A.; Meal. R.; Pougnet A. M.; Morn. D.; Gao, Y, M.; Primo.SEN06 1 J.; Schneck. J. Phys. Rev. B 1990. 41, 9570-9573.REFIS0SEN06 I , A Patir. ..; anla, E. A.; Rover, L; Oklleki, E.; Rauchfuss. T. B. J.SzNc.. 15 Sod State Chm. 110, 86. 279-285.REFISSSENO3 1 (R12) MIvht U., Hentdi. F.; Mattausch. H.; Simon, A. SoMl State Com-SINOS 12 mun. 1090, 75, 753-757.REFISSEN03 i (R13) Brom. H. B.; Reetmen, 0.; Jol. J. C.; de Leeuw, 0. M.; Gr'oen. W. A.SENG 17 Phys. Rev. 8 1100. 41. 7261-7263.REF1I95SEN03 I (R14) Sakamoto. H.; Tel, M.; Takal. H.; Mazoguchl, K.: Kume, K. Phys. Rev.S1705 14 8 1190. 41. 9513-9515.REFIS2SENO3 I (RAS) Ohno. T.; Aui. H.; Mendelb. P. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1990. 59,SIEN0 14 1130-1142.REFISSSEN03 I (RIO) Goren. S. D.; Korn. C.: Voltera. V.; Rlesemeisr. H.; Roealer. E.;SENOS 13 Schaefer. M.; Vieth. H. M.; Luders, K. Phys. Rev. 8 1990, 42.

25 7949-7952.REFI9USEN03 1 (R7) Monien. H.; Phu. D.; Tekdgaws. M. Phys. Rev. 8 1911.43,25-274.REFI971SEN03 1 (RIl) MONo, H.; Mohaux. P.; Pines. D. Phys. Rev. 8 1991. 43, 275-287.REF1174SEN03 I (R19) Aids, A.; Carbott, J. P. Sol State Commun. 1991. 78. 393-396.REFIl7FH103 1 GAS.F4AUS 11 SOMC1OSCOPYREFI1S0SEN0 I (SI) Morano. P. O.; True. N. S.; LeMser. C. B. J. Phys. Chan. 1900, 94.SENS 15 8780-8787.REFIU3SEN03 1 (S2) Morno, P. 0.; True, N. S. J. Phys. Chem. 1991. 95. 57-62.REFI946SEN03 I (S3) Rayne*, W. T.; Bennefl, B. Magn. Reson. Chem. 1911. 29, 955-961.REFI1S9SEN03 I (84) Bennett. B.; Rayne.. W. T. AtW. Aeson. Chem. 10"1. 29, k48-954.REFI"2SIN03 I (SS) Jamoeon, C. J.; Do Dioe. A.; Jameson. A. K. Chen. Phys. Left. 1090,SENS I3 187, 575-582.REFI11SSEN03 I (SO) Jaeson. C. J.; Jeneson. A. K.; Hwang. J. K. J. Chem. Phys. 1011.SENS 1 94. 172-178.REFIllSSEN03 1 (37) Jarneon. C. J.; Jameson. A. K.; Smth. N. C.; Hwang. J. K.; Tasneem.SEN06 is Z. J. Phys. Chm. 1991. 95. 1092-1098.REFZOOISEN03 1 (68) Wagner. R. S.; Armstrong. R. L.; Blssonnente. E. C.; McCourt F. R. W.SEN0S 1 J. ahwm, Phy. 1900. 92, 5907-5918.REF2004FH103 1 ImAGING, MICOS0COPY, ANQ DIPFUSIONREF2067SEN03 I (TI) Tzaimons, A.; Armson. R. L.; Menzinger, M.; Cross, A.; Larrcave, C.SEN06 13 Ctem. Plys. Left. 190. 174. 199-202.REF2010SENO3 I (2) Moonen. C. T W.: Vanti. P. C. M.; Frank. J. A.; Lebftn. 0.; Becker.SEN0 is E.D. Scionce IN. 250. 53-61.REPSI1SENO3 I (T3) Welsanberng L. A.; Koenig, J. L. Macromoecerjea 1900. 23.qENrw I I 2445-2453REFl0IS

UNIT NO. 884 920414Gal 27 AC6B21M A1920020B V064 1012

EMN I (T41) Wemtera. L A.; Koenig J1. L MeuICT010=0111 13110, 23.SENOS It 24842459.

REF2019SEN03 I (TS) Tabaeic F.: Cod. K. J. Qiwrn Phy. 1M0. 92. 2673-2675.REF2622SENO3 I (T6i Horafeld M. A.; HaL C.; Mll. L 0. Ji. Meon. Resort. 1990. 87.SMNC 16 31"30.REF2025SENOS I (TY) Maejors. P. 0.; Smith. J. L; Kovaric. F. S.: FulthS*i. E. J. Meg)n.SENOS 15 Rattn. 1It0, 89. 470-478.REF2028SEN03 I (TS) Darappe. J. M.; Moreaux. C.; Scheniter, K. J. Maga. Reson. 139111 91.SEN06 14 56-W03.REF2031SEN03 I (T9) Kuhn, W. Angew. Chem. 190, 29. 1-19.REF2034SEN03 I (TIO) Callaghan. P. T. J. Metgn. Reson. 1030. 87. 304-318.REF2037SEN03 I (TIlI) Ahn. C. B.; Ctui W. C. J. Meg). Resort. 1311. 94. 455-471.REF2040SEN03 I (T12) Webb. A. G.; Brgm. Ft. W.; Marred. T. H. J. Metga. Resort. 1331. 94,SEN0B is 174-179.REP2046SEN03 1 (Ti3) Ernsle . L; Bodenluen. Q. J. Meagn. Rusort. 1330. 87. 1-17.REF2046SEN03 I RT14) Crozier, S.: Fied J.; Brereton. 1. M.; Mason. L N.; Shannon. 0. F.;SENOS 15 Doddckel, 0. M. J. Aflgn. Reson. 131. 94. 123-132.REF2049SEN03 I (TI5) Oeemco. 0. E.; Klrnich. R.; Heftner. S.; Weber, H. W. J. Metg). Re-SEN06 14 son. 1991. 94. 317-33Z.RIEF20S2SEN03 1 (TIS) neoca, 0. E.; Hefrier. S.; Kkrwrtdi. R. J. Meag). Ressor. 13391.94.SENOB 14 333-351.REF201ASEN03 1 (T17) Heftner. S.; Rommel. E.; Kkntrih. R. J. Mega. Reom. 1990. 88.SENOB 13 449-458.RUMOSSENO.1 I frlB) Jezzard. P.: Allard, J. J.; Carrpenter, T. A.; Hal. L 0. Plog. MSEN06 15 Spectosc. 113311. 23. "-1.REF2061SEN03 I (T19) Met"ti S. Qumr. Pfhy. Leff.3. 179. 187-190.REF20641SEN03 I (T20) Hafier. S.; Demo, 0. E.; Ktimich, R. Miees. Sd. Tedinol. 11111. 2.SEN06 14 882--885.REF2067SEN03 I (T21) Cory. D. 01; Miller Ji. B.; Gewoway, A. N. J. Metg). Reamn. 1300. 90,SEN06 16 644-550.REF2070SEN03 - 1 (722) Cory, 0.; (3errowey. A. N.; Mgar, J1. B. J. Meg) Resan. IM. 87.SENOB 15 202-207.REFM03SEN03 I (723) Garrio. L. Ackerman. J1. L; Ellingson, W. A.J inMg). Reson. 1390.SEN06 14 88. 340-353.REF2876SEN03 1 (T24) Devis. K. F.; acia).l G. E. J. Melg). Rleson. 1991. 94. 617-625.REF2979SEN03 I (M2) Cofiradl, M.S. .J. Meig). Resort. 1991, 93. 419-422.REF2092SEN03 I (T20) Bloamltch. B.; Bluemnler. P.; Guenther. E.; Schauaa. G.; Spiess. H. W.SEN06 13 Aftloorno. Chem.. Mscorol. Syvrp. 1991. 44. 37-45.REF2O8SEN03 I (M2) Ogura. Y.; Sektutra. K. J. Meg). Resoti 1330. 88. 359-363.REF2088SEN03 I (728) Schatuaa. G.; Slinrnch. B.; Spiess, H. W. J. Mega. Resort. 1931.,95.SENO6 14 437-442.REF20111SEN03 I (T29) Guenther. E.; BkiamiCh, B.; Splesa., H. W. Chem. Phs. Leff. 1331.SENOS 13 184, 251-255.REF2094SEN03 I M70 Ntbaui. S.; Km". K.; Inouye, T. J. Meg). Rec n. 1390. 88, 188-191.REF207SEN03 I (r3 1) aIHk* W.; Karger. J.; Pleiter. H. J. Quan. Soc.. Chem. Corfame.SENOB 13 1333., 1454-1455.REF21O0SENoS I (T32) Chadwick. A. V. J. C2Iem. Sac., Fardy Tans. 1330. 88.SEN06 12 1157-1165.REF2103SEN03 I (T33) Dorazlo. F.; 8hattealsa S.; Halperin, W. P.; Equchl. K.; 1.Uzusakk T.SEN06 13 M"y. Rev. 8 113110. 42. 9810-9818.REF21O6SEN03 I (734) Hal. L 0.; Norwood. T. J. J. Mapn. Reson. 1330. 85, 192-198.REF2109SEN03 1 (M3) Gibbs. S. J1.; Morris, K. F.: Johnsaon, C. S. J. Meg). Reaom. 1331. 94,SEN06 IS 185-169.REF'2112SENO3 I (M3) Hon1g, U.; Karger. J.; Kramer, A.; Plait. H.; Seiffeul. G.; hiluler. U.;SENOS 14 UnMger, K. K.; Luck. H.-8.; Ito, T. Zotes 19110. 11, 816-821.REF2115SSKNO3 I (T37) Putz. B.; Beralcy. 0.; Schulten. K. Chem. Phys. Leff. 11191. 783,SENOS 13 391-396.REF2118SSEN03 1 (1111) iHyalop. W. B.; Lauterbux. P. C. J. Milap. Reom. 139111,94,5601-511.ABIO3

SENO3 I James F. Haw Is a Professor of Chemistry10 at Tonaa A&M University I College Station.

SUMO 17 TX. He *recta a resarch group that cuir-S rantly consists of two posidocs, thirteen

SEN0S 14 graduate etudents. and a staff assistta . Het3 main arm of resarch Is "h development of

a I sold-state NkA spectroscopy arid Its app&SKNI2 IS catilln to cown~a pirotlema. Hei group has ~

5 beem developing meathods for studying10 cfheical retion In heterogeneous cata-14 lyas In aWo with M6glcnolespining NPM ,

20 spectroscopy and applying a*"5, techniques J25 to elucidate the mechanisms of SIportant J

SENIS 31 Catalyi processes. Recenit tede have y

UNIT NO. 885 920414Gal. 28 AC6B321M A1920020B V064 1012

5 Inkled fth matsnolt"P9011o ocaSENIS 9 catalyzed by zoats HZSM-5. Other catalysla reaaarch b ir ectad at a betterSEN21 10 urdsrataadng of Bronsled acid sas His group ta saW puldisived a mutner

9 of papers on tha Maickirs. dynamtics. and morphology of synthetic and natu-2D ral polrand WIs dasaeloping NW metod for charactaritilg polyme orl-

SEN24 30 entation and polymters for nonlier optics. Inatnscentalon deveopment in5 fth group kKi4s hl~l-tenporstie m c-nlsp probes and flow

SEN27 13 pral a for process analysis appications. Profasaor Haw received his Ph.D.7 from Vir"kd Tech In 1982 and tha canted 01* poatdoctoral research at

SEN30 19 Colorado Stats Lniverslty. He Piolte the faaL*y of Texas M&M In 1984 as an13 Assistant Profssor and ws pomosd to Associate professor i 1989 and to

SEN33 25 Professor i January 1992. He ks past chak of the I&ER syflposlkil of the12 Rocky Moutainal Conference ad fte Texas A&M Section of the Amnerican

SEN36 23 Chemnical Society. He has puiihed over 60 researcht aulicies on NkMl11 spectroscopy and ha give over 80 kivft Isctlres.

The number of words in this manuscript is 16934.

The manuscript type is R.

Ru- Hb-

NJCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

Author Index Entries

Haw, J. F.

Text Page Size Estimate - 11.8 Pages

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Total Page Size Estimate - 11.8 Pages

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