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Introduction to DSpaceIntroduction to DSpace

Mukesh Pund

Scientist

NISCAIR, New Delhi

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DSpace is a joint project of MIT Libraries and Hewlett-Packard Labs

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What is DSpace?What is DSpace?

An open source software for Digital Object management

Create, search and retrieve digital objects

Facilitate preservation of digital objects

Allows open access and digital archiving

Allows building Institutional Repositories Low cost, including all hardware and software components Robust

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What is DSpace? (contd..)What is DSpace? (contd..)

Scalable Modular User Friendly Multi-user (including both searching and maintenance) Multimedia digital object enabled Platform independent (including both client and server

components) interoperable

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H/W and S/W requirementsH/W and S/W requirements

UNIX recommended (Java-based program should run on anything)

Open source, built on Apache web server and Tomcat Servlet engine

Uses postgreSQL or Oracle relational database

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Possible types of ContentPossible types of Content

Preprints, articles Postprints Technical Reports Conference Papers Theses/Dissertations Datasets

e.g. statistical, geospatial, scientific

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StandardsStandards

Dublin Core only

OAI-PMH v 2.0 (Open Archive’s Initiative Protocol for metadata harvesting)

UNICODE Compliant

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CapabilitiesCapabilities

Exports in XML format

Supports crosswalks through OAI-PMH DC (Dublin Core)

Qualified DC

METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard

MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema – sibling of MARCXML)

Can be extended to any Metadata Schema

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CustomizationCustomization

Screens E-mails Metadata Input-forms Display of results Fields to be Indexed Access restrictions License (in addition to Creative Commons)

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How a digital repository is organized in How a digital repository is organized in DSpace ?DSpace ?

Bitstreams (files having content)

Bundles (more than one bitstream)

Items (digital documents)

Collections (a set of items)

Sub-communities ( a set of collections)

Communities (Top level)

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Items & BitstreamsItems & Bitstreams

The Basic digital document is called an item A bundle may consist of many files (bitstreams in DSpace

parlance) Item is can have one bitstream or a bundle of bitstreams Item requires metadata description, just as printed document Bitstreams do not have metadata

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Bitstream formatsBitstream formats

Text plain text, html pages, Pdf, word, ps, TeX

Images Giff, jpeg, tiff etc

Audio Wav, mp3, real audio, midi

Video Mpeg, avi, mov etc

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More about bitstreamsMore about bitstreams

Bitstreams can be any computer file NOTE: If the end user system has the software to run a

bitstream or his browser has a plug in, one can view or play bitstreams

DSpace is blissfully unaware of file formats, it just stores and disseminates them

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Ideal bitstreamsIdeal bitstreams

Use open standards to ensure long term preservation

Think of the format which you can support in the future (migration across versions of the software)

Avoid proprietary standards

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DSpace item consistsDSpace item consists

Bitstream(s)

Metadata

License

Plain text or thumbnail of the bitstreams in case you use filter-media (which does full-text indexing or creates thumbnails to images)

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ItemsItems

Items are also referred as Digital document

Digital resource

Digital object

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Communities and Collection Communities and Collection

Items can be placed in a collection

Example: A collection of theses

A collection of reports

A collection of How-tos

A collection of e-mails

Collections are part of a community or sub-community

Communities can be divided into sub-communities, which can be further sub-divided

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Examples of CommunitiesExamples of Communities

Social Sciences

Natural Sciences

Humanities

Can be anything intuitive to the end user of your repository

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Sub-CommunitiesSub-Communities

Under Humanities one can have sub-communities as

Humanities History

Philosophy

Psychology

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Further division?Further division?

Sub-communities can be divided into further sub-communities, such as Philosophy (can have)

Epistemology

Metaphysics

Logic

The organization of Dspace in most cases can be familiar Library classification.

But it can be anything: DL organization Depends on your users expectations

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CollectionsCollections

Under each community or sub-community, you should have collection(s).

It is the collections that contain items (digital documents)

Communities or sub-communities can not have items directly under them

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CollectionsCollections

Collections can be organized by type of documents For example,

Theses Articles Photographs Presentations etc.

Again, it depends on users expectations

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You can have-You can have-

Many: communities and sub-communities collections under a community or sub-community items in a collection bitstreams in an item

One: Metadata to an item

License to an item

One access point to a bundle of bitstreams

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People associated with DSpace DLsPeople associated with DSpace DLs

Anonymous Users (anybody) Members, who wish to subscribe to a collection (one can not

subscribe to communities). Also called E-person in DSpace Submitters (authors), who submit their publications to a

collection (they should be members and have been authorized to submit).

Reviewers - members who are authorized to review submissions. They can either accept or reject submissions). Normally, they are subject specialists

Metadata Editors – who validate the metadata. Normally, they are library professionals

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People associated with DSpace DLsPeople associated with DSpace DLs

Collection Administrators. In a large digital repository collection administration can be delegated various E-groups.

They can choose the reviewers, metadata editors among members and decide the collection policy

They are different from DSpace administrators, who have the overall responsibility and power. A kind of super-user

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E-GroupsE-Groups

DSpace calls the reviewers, metadata editors, collection administrators as E-groups

It means, there can be more than one e-person (member) in any list of reviewers or metadata editors etc.

Each e-group can be associated with one or more collections

A member can be placed in none or more than one e-group

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DSpace AdministratorDSpace Administrator

Create communities Create collections under each community Administration of E-People Creating E-Groups among E-People Authorizing E-Groups for each collection Authorizing E-People for submission Authorizing E-Groups to workflows for each collection Various Authorizations at

Community Level Collection Level Item Level Bitstream level

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Can add local (non-standard) elements to Dublin Core

Can add new bit stream formats

Customization of DSpace Screens

Customization of E-mail alerts

Modification of License for submission

DSpace Administrator (contd..)DSpace Administrator (contd..)

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Important SitesImportant Sites

http://www.dspace.org http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/dspace http://wiki.dspace.org http://nsdl.niscair.res.in (National Science Digital Library)

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