DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educator’s Training Resourcesliterature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/54136-97000.pdf · DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educator’s Training Lab Guide and Tutorial 9 Oscilloscope

DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educatorrsquos Training Resources

Lab Guide and Tutorial for Undergraduate Electrical Engineering and Physics Students

Noticescopy Keysight Technologies Inc 2008-2012

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including elec-tronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agree-ment and written consent from Keysight Technologies Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws

Manual Part Number54136-97000

Ed itionMay 2012

Printed in Available in electronic format only

Published byKeysight Technologies Inc1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs CO 80907 USA

Warranty

The material contained in this docu-ment is provided ldquoas isrdquo and is subject to being changed without notice in future ed itions Further to the maxi-mum extent permitted by applicable law Keysight d isclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein includ ing but not l imited to the implied warranties of merchantabil ity and fitness for a par-ticular purpose Keysight shall not be l iable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing use or perfor-mance of this document or of any infor-mation contained herein Should Keysight and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that confl ict with these terms the war-ranty terms in the separate agreement shall control

Technology Licenses The hardware andor software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accor-dance with the terms of such license

Restricted Rights LegendIf software is for use in the performance of a US Government prime contract or subcon-tract Software is delivered and licensed as ldquoCommercial computer softwarerdquo as defined in DFAR 252227-7014 (June 1995) or as a ldquocommercial itemrdquo as defined in FAR

2101(a) or as ldquoRestricted computer soft-warerdquo as defined in FAR 52227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause Use duplication or disclo-sure of Software is subject to Keysight Tech-nologiesrsquo standard commercial license terms and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the US Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987) US Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR 252227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995) as applicable in any technical data

Safety Notices

CAUTION

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAU-TION notice until the indicated con-ditions are fully understood and met

WARNING

A WARNING notice denotes a haz-ard It calls attention to an operat-ing procedure practice or the l ike that if not correctly performed or adhered to could resul t in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the ind icated cond itions are fully understood and met

DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educatorrsquos Training Lab Guide and Tutorial 3

Lab Guide and TutorialmdashAt a GlanceThis EEPhysics Studentrsquos Oscilloscope Lab Guide and Tutorial is intended to be used with Keysight Technologies DSO1000 Series oscilloscopes

4 DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educatorrsquos Training Lab Guide and Tutorial

A Note to the EEPhysics Professor

Dear University EEPhysics Professor andor Lab Instructor

This EEPhysics student oscilloscope lab guide and tutorial for the Keysight DSO1000 Series oscilloscope consists of seven individual hands-on labs that students can complete to become familiar with what an oscilloscope is and how to use one An oscilloscope is the one measurement tool that your students will use more than any other instrument to test circuit experiments that you assign to them as well as to test their senior design projects They will also use oscilloscopes extensively after they graduate and enter the world of todayrsquos electronics industry So it is extremely important that they become proficient in the use of this vital tool

Each of the labs requires about 15 to 20 minutes to complete These labs are intended to be used with Keysightrsquos 1000 Series oscilloscopes Before your students begin testing any of their assigned experiments in their first circuits lab it is suggested that they read Section 1 Appendix A and Appendix B of this document as pre-study (homework) Section 1 provides an introduction to the oscilloscope as well as some fundamentals on probing Appendix A and Appendix B are short tutorials on oscilloscope theory of operation and bandwidth

Students should then complete the hands-on labs in Section 2 of this document during their first lab session Your students should have a basic knowledge of how to use a scope after completing just Lab 1 and Lab 2 But if they have time to complete all seven labs they will become even more proficient at using the scope including learning how to document and save results for your required circuit experiment lab reports Note that Lab 3 (Capturing Single-shot Events) instructs students to ldquotaprdquo their oscilloscope probe on the tablebench to create an electrostatic discharge If you donrsquot want your students banging their probes on the bench then you may want to instruct them to skip this particular lab This oscilloscope lab guide was structured for flexibility in its use

Sincerely

Johnnie HancockOscilloscope Education Program ManagerKeysight Technologies

ContentsLab Guide and TutorialmdashAt a Glance 3A Note to the EEPhysics Professor 4

1 Getting Started

Oscilloscope Probing 9

Getting Acquainted with the Front Panel 12

2 Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs

Lab 1 Making Basic Measurements 16

Lab 2 Learning the Basics of Oscilloscope Triggering 24

Lab 3 Capturing Single-Shot Events 30

Lab 4 Compensating your Passive 101 Probes 32Computing the Proper Amount of Capacitive Compensation 35Probe Loading 36

Lab 5 Documenting and Saving Oscilloscope Test Results 38

Lab 6 Using Oscilloscope Waveform Math 43

Lab 7 Using the Scopersquos Zoom Mode 48

3 Summary

Related Keysight Literature 52

A Oscilloscope Block Diagram and Theory of Operation

DSO Block Diagram 54

ADC Block 54

Attenuator Block 55

DC Offset Block 55

Amplifier Block 55

Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks 56

Timebase and Acquisition Memory Blocks 56

Display DSP Block 57

B Oscilloscope Bandwidth Tutorial

Defining Oscilloscope Bandwidth 60

Required Bandwidth for Analog Applications 62

Required Bandwidth for Digital Applications 63Rule of Thumb 63Step 1 Determine fastest actual edge speeds 63Step 2 Calculate fknee 63

Step 3 Calculate scope bandwidth 64Example 64

Digital Clock Measurement Comparisons 66

DSO1000 Educatorrsquos Training Resources Lab Guide and Tutorial

1 Getting Started

Oscilloscope Probing 9Getting Acquainted with the Front Panel 12

Oscilloscopes are a critical tool for making voltage and timing measurements on todayrsquos analog and digital electrical circuits When you finally graduate from Electrical Engineering school and enter the electronics industry you will probably discover that an oscilloscope is the one measurement tool that you will use more than any other instrument to test verify and debug your designs Even while in your EE or Physics program at your particular university an oscilloscope is the measurement tool that you will use most often in your various circuits labs to test and verify your lab assignments and designs Unfortunately many students never fully grasp how to use an oscilloscope Their use-model is often one of randomly twisting knobs and pressing buttons until a picture close to what they are looking for magically appears on the scopersquos display Hopefully after completing this series of short labs you will have a better understanding of what a scope is and how to use one more efficiently

So what is an oscilloscope An oscilloscope is an electronic measurement instrument that unintrusively monitors input signals and then graphically displays these signals in a simple voltage versus time format The type of oscilloscope that your professor used during his or her undergraduate studies was probably one that was based entirely on analog technology These older technology oscilloscopes typically called analog scopes had limited bandwidth (which is discussed in Appendix B) did not perform any kind of automatic measurements and also required that the input signal be repetitive (continuously occurring and repeating input signal)

The type of oscilloscope that you will be using in this series of labs and probably throughout the rest of your university studies is called a digital storage oscilloscope sometimes simply referred to as a DSO Todayrsquos DSOs can capture and display either repetitive or single-shot signals and they often include an array of automatic measurements and analysis capabilities that should enable you to characterize your designs and student experiments faster and more accurately than your professor was able to do back in his or her undergraduate days

1 Getting Started

If you are interested in learning about the theory of operation of an oscilloscope refer to Appendix A in this document But the best way to quickly learn how to use an oscilloscope and understand what it can do for you is to first get acquainted with some of the most important controls on an oscilloscope then simply begin using one to measure some basic signals

Figure 1 Keysight 1000B Series oscilloscope

Getting Started 1

Oscilloscope Probing

The first task when making oscilloscope measurements is typically to connect the oscilloscope probes between the device-under-test and the scopersquos input BNCs Oscilloscope probes provide a relatively high input impedance termination (high resistance with low capacitance) at the test point A high impedance connection is important in order to isolate the measuring instrument from the circuit being tested since we donrsquot want the oscilloscope and its probe to change the characteristics of the signals under test

There are a variety of different kinds of oscilloscope probes that are used for specific types of measurements but the probes that you will be using today are the most commonly used type of probe and are called passive 101 voltage probes as shown in Figure 2 ldquoPassiverdquo simply means that this type of probe does not include any ldquoactiverdquo components such as transistors or amplifiers ldquo101rdquo means that this probe will attenuate the input signal received at the scopersquos input by a factor of 10

When using a standard 101 passive probe all scope measurements should be performed between the signal test point and ground It other words you must connect the probersquos ground clip to ground You cannot measure voltages across a mid-circuit component using this type of probe If you need to measure the voltage across a component that is not grounded you could either use the scopersquos subtraction math function while measuring the signals at both ends of the component relative to ground using two channels of the scope or you could use a special differential active probe Also note that a circuit should never be completed using the oscilloscope

Figure 3 shows an electrical model of a 101 passive probe when connected to an oscilloscope using the scopersquos default 1 MΩ input selection which is required when using this type of probe Note that many higher bandwidth scopes also have a user-selectable 50 Ω input termination selection often used for active probe terminations andor used when inputting a signal directly from a 50 Ω source using a 50 Ω BNC coaxial cable

Figure 2 Passive 101 voltage probe

1 Getting Started

Although the electrical model of the passive probe and scope includes both inherentparasitic capacitance (not designed-in) as well as intentionally designed-in compensation capacitance networks letrsquos ignore these capacitive elements for now and analyze the ideal signal behavior of this probescope system under low-frequency or dc input conditions

After we remove all of the capacitive components from our probescope electrical model what remains is just a 9 MΩ probe tip resistor in series with the scopersquos 1 MΩ input impedance The net input resistance at the probe tip is then 10 MΩ Using Ohmrsquos law you can see that the voltage level received at the scopersquos input is then 110th the voltage level that is at the probe tip (Vscope = Vprobe x (1 MΩ10 MΩ)

This means that with a 101 passive probe the dynamic range of the oscilloscope measurement system has been extended In other words you can measure signals with 10X higher amplitude as compared to signals that you could measure using a 11 probe In addition the input impedance of your oscilloscope measurement system (probe + scope) is increased from 1 MΩ to 10 MΩ This is a good thing since a lower input impedance could load your device-under-test (DUT) and possibly change actual voltage levels within your DUT which is not a good thing And although a net input impedance of 10 MΩ is indeed large you must remember that this amount of loading impedance must be considered in relationship to the impedance of the device you are probing For example a simple op amp circuit with a 100 MΩ feedback resistor may give some false readings on a scope

Although most higher performance oscilloscopes can detect when a 101 probe is connected and then automatically set the scopersquos probe attenuation factor to 101 when using an Keysight 1000 Series oscilloscope you must either manually enter the probe attenuation factor (101) or press the [Defaul t Setup] front panel key to set the probe attenuation to 101 Once the scope knows what the probe attenuation factor is (either automatically-detected or manually-entered) the scope provides compensated readouts of all vertical settings so that all voltage

Figure 3 Simplified schematic of a passive 101 probe connected to the scopersquos 1 MΩ input impedance

Getting Started 1

measurements will be referenced to the unattenuated input signal at the probe tip For example if you probe a 10 Vpp signal the signal received at the scopersquos input will actually be just 1 Vpp But since the scope knows that you are using a 101 divider probe the scope will report that it is seeing a 10 Vpp signal when performing voltage measurements

When we get to Lab 4 (Compensating your Passive 101 Probes) we will come back to this passive probe model and address the capacitive components These elements in the probescope electrical model will affect the dynamicac performance of the combined oscilloscope and probing system

1 Getting Started

Getting Acquainted with the Front Panel

Letrsquos begin by first getting acquainted with the most important controlsknobs on your oscilloscope Near the top of your oscilloscope are the ldquoHorizontalrdquo controls shown in Figure 4 The larger knob sets the horizontal scaling in secondsdivision This control sets the X-axis scaling of the displayed waveform One horizontal ldquodivisionrdquo is the Δ-time between each vertical grid line If you want to view faster waveforms (higher frequency signals) then you will typically set the horizontal scaling to a smaller secdiv value If you want to view slower waveforms (slower frequency signals) then you typically set the horizontal scaling to a higher secdiv setting The smaller knob in the Horizontal section sets the horizontal position of the waveform In other words with this control you can move the horizontal placement of the waveform left and right The scopersquos horizontal controls (sdiv and position) are often called the scopersquos main ldquotimebaserdquo controls

The controlsknobs closer the bottom of the oscilloscope (refer to Figure 5) in the Vertical section (just above the input BNCs) sets the vertical scaling of the oscilloscope If you are using a two-channel oscilloscope then there will be two pairs of vertical scaling controls If you are using a four-channel oscilloscope then there will be four pairs of vertical scaling controls The larger knob for each input channel in the Vertical section sets the vertical scaling factor in Voltsdivision This is the Y-axis graphical scaling of your waveforms One vertical ldquodivisionrdquo is the ΔV between each horizontal grid line If you want to view relatively large signals (high peak-to-peak voltages) then you would typically set the Voltsdiv setting to a relatively high value If viewing small input signal levels then you would set the Voltsdiv setting to a relatively low value The smaller controlsknobs for each channel in the Vertical section are the positionoffset controls You use this knob to move the waveform up and down on the screen

Figure 4 Oscilloscope horizontal (X-axis) controls

Getting Started 1

Another very important oscilloscope setup variable is the trigger level controlknob shown in Figure 6 This control knob is located near the right-hand side of your scopersquos front panel just below the section labeled Trigger Triggering is probably the least understood aspect of an oscilloscope but it is one the most important capabilities of a scope that you should understand We will cover oscilloscope triggering in more detail as we get into the hands-on labs

When reading the instructions in the following labs anytime you see a bold word within brackets such as [Cursors] this is referring to a front panel key (or button) located on the righthand side of the oscilloscope When the key is pressed a unique menu with ldquosoftkeyrdquo selections associated with that particular front panel

Figure 5 Oscilloscope vertical (Y-axis) controls

Figure 6 Oscilloscope trigger level control

1 Getting Started

function will be activated ldquoSoftkeysrdquo are the 5 keysbuttons located to right of the scopersquos display The functions of these keys change depending upon which menu has been activated

Now locate the Entry control knob shown in Figure 7 This is the knob just to the right of the scopersquos display We will be using this knob quite frequently to change an array of setup variables and selections that donrsquot have dedicated front panel controls Any time you see the curled arrow ( ) on a softkey selection this is an indication that the Entry knob controls this variable Letrsquos begin making measurements on your oscilloscope

Figure 7 Oscilloscope general-entry control

Lab 1 Making Basic Measurements 16Lab 2 Learning the Basics of Oscilloscope Triggering 24Lab 3 Capturing Single-Shot Events 30Lab 4 Compensating your Passive 101 Probes 32Lab 5 Documenting and Saving Oscilloscope Test Results 38Lab 6 Using Oscilloscope Waveform Math 43Lab 7 Using the Scopersquos Zoom Mode 48

Lab 1 Making Basic Measurements

In this 1st lab you will learn how to use the scopersquos horizontal and vertical scaling controls in order to properly setup the scope to display a repetitive square wave In addition you will learn how to make some simple voltage and timing measurements on this signal

1 Plug-in the power cord and turn the scope on

2 Connect one oscilloscope probe between the channel-1 input BNC and the terminal labeled Probe Comp that has the ldquopulserdquo shape as shown in Figure 8 Connect the probersquos ground clip to the terminal with the ground symbol Note that on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes the Probe Comp terminals are located below the display

Figure 8 Connect a probe between the channel-1 input and the probe compensation terminal

Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs 2

There is always a 1 kHz square wave present on the ldquoprobe comprdquo terminal Although the primary purpose of this signal is for calibratingcompensating the scopersquos probes mdash which we will do in a later lab mdash we will be using this signal for oscilloscope training purposes

3 Press the [Defaul t Setup] front panel key

Defaul t Setup will put the oscilloscope into a factory preset configuration Not only will this set the scopersquos X and Y scaling factors to preset values but it will also turn off any special modes of operation that one of your fellow students may have used Performing a default setup will also set the scopersquos probe attenuation factors to 10X so that all amplitude measurements are referenced to the level of the signal present at the probersquos tip When beginning new measurements with the scope it is always good practice to begin with a default setup Letrsquos now adjust the scopersquos vertical horizontal and trigger settings to properly scale and display the 1 kHz square wave on the scopersquos display

4 Press the [Menu OnOff] front panel key (near upper right-hand corner of the display) to expand the scopersquos waveform viewing area

5 Turn the Trigger Level knob clockwise until the trigger level setting indicates approximately 15 Vol ts (readout near upper right-hand side of display) and the temporary orange horizontal trigger level line intersects with the middle of the waveform Note that you will learn more about oscilloscope triggering in the next lab

6 Turn the large Horizontal knob (near top of the scopersquos front panel) counter-clockwise until you observe more than two periods of the square wave The correct setting should be 200 us (readout near top left-hand side of display) This setting is an abbreviation for 200 μsecdivision From this point forward we will simply refer to this as the scopersquos ldquotimebaserdquo setting

7 Turn the Horizontal position knob (smaller knob near top of scope front panel) to move the waveform left and right Press this knob to set it back to zero (00 seconds at center-screen)

8 Turn the channel-1 vertical position knob (smaller yellow knob in the vertical section of the front panel mdash just above the input BNC) until the top of the waveform is near the center of the display The correct setting should be approximately -30 V (temporary readout near bottom left-hand side of display)

9 Turn the channel-1 Vdiv knob (larger yellow knob in the vertical section) clockwise until the readout in the bottom left-hand corner of the display says ldquo500mVrdquo This means 500 mVdiv If you press the channel-1 Vdiv knob and then make adjustments you will see that you will then have ldquofinerdquo adjustment capability Your professor may refer this as the scopersquos ldquovernierrdquo adjust Press the knob again to return to ldquocoarserdquo adjustment and then set it back to 500 mV

Adjusting the scopersquos vertical position and Vdiv setting (step 8 and 9 above) is typically an iterative process adjust one and then the other and then back again until the waveform is displayed properly

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 9 Letrsquos now make some measurements on this square wave Notice that the oscilloscopersquos display is basically an X versus Y graph On our X-axis (horizontal) we can measure time and on our Y-axis (vertical) we can measure voltage In many of your EE or Physics class assignments you have probably computed and graphed electrical signals in a similar but static format on paper Or perhaps you have used various PC software applications to automatically graph your waveforms When a repetitive input signal is applied to an oscilloscope we are able to observe dynamic (continuously updated) graphing of our waveforms

Our X-axis (horizontal) consists of 12 major divisions (if the menu display is off) across the screen with each major division being equal to the secdiv setting In this case each horizontal major division represents 200 microseconds of time assuming that the scopersquos timebase is set to 200 μsdiv as instructed earlier Since there are 12 divisions across the screen then the scope is showing 24 ms of time (200 μsdiv x 12 divisions) from the left side of the display to the right side of the display Notice that each major division is also divided into 5 minor divisions (02 divisions each) which are displayed as tick marks Each minor division would then represent 15 div times 200 μsdiv = 40 μs

Our Y-axis (vertical) consists of 8 major divisions vertically with each major division being equal to the Vdiv setting which should be set at 500 mVdiv At this setting the scope can measure signals as high as 4 Vp-p (500 mVdiv x 8 divisions) Each major division is also divided into 5 minor divisions (02 divisions each) Each minor division represented as tick marks then represents 100 mV each

Figure 9 Setting up the scopersquos vertical horizontal and trigger level settings to display a waveform

10 Estimate the pulse width (PW) of one the positive pulses by counting the number of divisions (major and minor) from one rising edge to the next falling edge then multiply by the sdiv setting (should be 200 μsdiv)

11 Estimate the period (T) of one of these square waves by counting the number of divisions from one rising edge to the next rising edge then multiple by the sdiv setting

12 What is the frequency of this sine wave (F = 1T)

13 Determine the peak-to-peak voltage of this waveform by counting the number of divisions from the bottom of the waveform to the top of the waveform then multiply by the Vdiv setting (should be 500 mVdiv)

Note that the yellow ldquo1rdquo label on the left side of the display indicates the ground level (00 V) of the channel-1 waveform If channel-2 of this scope were also turned on you would see a green ldquo2rdquo label indicating this channelrsquos ground level (00 V) Letrsquos now use the scopersquos ldquocursorsrdquo function to make these same voltage and timing measurements

14 Press the [Cursors] front panel key then press the Mode softkey Rotate the Entry knob until Manual is highlighted then push the Entry knob to select

15 Press the CurA--- softkey until this key is highlighted blue (note that it may already be highlighted blue)

16 Rotate the Entry knob to position the A timing cursor onto the 1st rising edge of the waveform near the left side of the display

17 Press the CurA--- softkey to disable this cursor then press the CurB--- softkey to enable the B timing cursor

18 Rotate the Entry knob to position the B timing cursor onto the 2nd rising edge of the waveform at center-screen Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 10

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

19 What is the period and frequency of this waveform

20 Press the Type softkey to change from Time cursors to Amplitude cursors

21 Press the CurB--- softkey to disable this cursor then press the CurA--- softkey to enable the A amplitude cursor

22 Rotate the Entry knob to position the A amplitude cursor onto the bottom of the waveform

23 Press the CurA--- softkey to disable this cursor then press the CurB--- softkey to enable the B amplitude cursor

24 Rotate the Entry knob to position the B amplitude cursor onto the top of the waveform Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 11

Figure 10 Using time cursors to measure the period and frequency of the square wave

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

25 What is the top amplitude bottom amplitude and Vpp amplitude of this waveform

Using cursors should provide a slightly more accurate measurement and take the guess work out of the measurement Letrsquos use an even easier and more accurate method to perform these measurements

26 Press the [Meas] front panel key Note that this front panel key is labeled [Measure] on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes

27 If the top softkey is labeled 22 (menu 2 of 2) press this softkey to toggle to 12 (menu 1 of 2)

28 Press the Vol tage softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight Vpp and then push the Entry knob to select

29 Press the Time softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight Freq and then push the Entry knob to select

Figure 11 Using amplitude cursors to measurement the peak-to-peak voltage of the square wave

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 12 showing the automatic Vpp and Frequency measurements near the bottom of the display

The most common method used to measure time and voltage on an oscilloscope is usually the ldquodivision countingrdquo method we used first Although divisions must be counted and then multiplied by scope settings engineers that are familiar with their scopes can quickly estimate the voltage and timing parameters of their signalshellip and sometimes a rough estimation is all that is required to know if a signal is valid or not

Before we wrap-up this first lab letrsquos try one more interesting measurement

30 Press the 12 softkey which will take us to the 2nd page of this measurement menu

31 Press the Display All softkey to toggle from OFF to ON

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 13 showing a comprehensive list of multiple parametric measurements on our 1 kHz square wave

Figure 12 Using the scopersquos automatic parametric measurements

One of the first steps in this oscilloscope familiarization lab was to set the scopersquos trigger level But we havenrsquot yet discussed what oscilloscope triggering is all about Letrsquos now learn more about oscilloscope triggering in this next hands-on lab

Figure 13 Performing ldquoallrdquo voltage and timing measurements on the square wave

Lab 2 Learning the Basics of Oscilloscope Triggering

As mentioned earlier oscilloscope triggering is probably the most important capability of an oscilloscope that you should understand if you want to get the most out of your oscilloscope measurements This is especially important when attempting to make measurements on many of todayrsquos more complex digital signals Unfortunately oscilloscope triggering is often the least understood aspect of oscilloscope operation

You can think of oscilloscope ldquotriggeringrdquo as ldquosynchronized picture takingrdquo When an oscilloscope is capturing and displaying a repetitive input signal it may be taking thousands of pictures per second of the input signal In order to view these waveforms (or pictures) the picture-taking must be synchronized to ldquosomethingrdquo That ldquosomethingrdquo is a unique point in time on the input signal

An analogous situation to oscilloscope triggering is that of a photo finish of a horse race Although not a repetitive event the camerarsquos shutter must be synchronized to the first horsersquos nose at the instant in time that it crosses the finish line Randomly taking photos of the horse race sometime between the start and end of the race would be analogous to viewing untriggered waveforms on a scope

To better understand oscilloscope triggering letrsquos make some more measurements on our familiar square wave that we used in Lab 1

1 Ensure that your oscilloscope probe is still connected between the terminal labeled ldquoProbe Comprdquo and the channel-1 input BNC

2 Press [Defaul t Setup] on the scopersquos front panel

3 Press the [Menu OnOff] to turn off the menu and to expand the waveform viewing area

4 Turn the trigger level knob clockwise in order to set the trigger level near the middle of the waveform (approximately 15 V)

5 Adjust the channel-1 vertical position knob to center the waveform in the scopersquos display area

You scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 14 At this point we are viewing just a narrow portion of this square wave around its rising edge since the timebase is set to 10 μsdiv Remember the period of this signal is approximately 10 ms Notice the ldquoTrdquo symbol near the top of the display This marks the point in time where the scope is triggering on this waveform Waveform data captured before the trigger point (left side of display) is considered negative time data while waveform data captured after the trigger point (right side of display) is considered positive time data Now take note of the ldquoTrdquo symbol near the left side of the display This marks the voltage level where the scope is triggering on this waveform Where the two ldquoTrdquo symbol points intersect on a rising edge of the waveform is the approximate trigger point mdash or synchronization point

6 Rotate the trigger level knob clockwise to increase the trigger level setting to be closer to the top of the waveform You should notice the waveform slide to the left

7 Rotate the trigger level knob counter-clockwise to decrease the trigger setting to be closer to the bottom of the waveform You should notice the waveform slide to the right

8 Set the trigger level back to approximately 15 V which will be near the middle of the waveform

By default the scope automatically selects to trigger on rising edges Letrsquos now setup the scope to trigger on a falling edge of this 1 kHz square wave

9 Press the [Trig Menu] front panel key Note that this front panel key is labeled [Menu] in the Trigger section on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes

10 Press the Slope softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight the falling edge symbol

Your scopersquos display should now be synchronized to and be displaying a falling edge of this waveform similar to Figure 15 Letrsquos now learn about ldquoSweeprdquo modes

Figure 14 Triggering on a rising edge

Trigger Point

11 Turn the large horizontal knob counterclockwise to set the timebase at 200 μsd iv You should now observe a few periods of this waveform with a falling edge of the square wave still synchronized to the center-screen point

12 Turn the trigger level knob clockwise until the trigger level indicator is above the waveform

Since the trigger level is set above the waveform the scope has nothing to synchronize its picture-taking on as shown in Figure 16 The scope is now ldquoAutordquo triggering and you should see a flashing green ldquoAUTOrdquo message near the top left-hand corner of the display This means that the scope is generating automatic triggers but these automatic triggers are not synchronized to the input signal Note that you would observe the same thing if the trigger level were set below the waveform

Figure 15 Triggering on a falling edge

Trigger Point

Auto is the scopersquos default sweep mode (or trigger mode) When the scope is using the Auto sweep mode if the scope doesnrsquot find a valid trigger condition (falling edge crossing of the 1 kHz square wave in this case) then the scope will generate its own asynchronous triggers and begin taking pictures (acquisitions) of the input signal at random times Since the ldquopicture takingrdquo is now random rather than synchronized to the input signal all we see is a ldquoblurrdquo or random display of waveforms across the screen This random display of waveforms should be a clue to us that our scope is not triggering on the input signal

Also note that the word ldquosweeprdquo is a carry-over term from the old analog scope days when older technology scopes mdash like the ones your professor may have used in hisher university days mdash would ldquosweeprdquo or deflect an electron beam across a vector cathode ray tube (CRT) Digital Storage Oscilloscopes (DSOs) no longer ldquosweeprdquo but digitize input signals using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and then display the digitized points as a bit map on the scopersquos flat-panel display But the term ldquosweeprdquo is still in broad use today However be aware that some of todayrsquos scopes also call this mode of operation the ldquotrigger moderdquo

13 Press the trigger level knob to automatically set the trigger level to the approximate 50 level

14 Disconnect the channel-1 probe from the ldquoProbe Comprdquo terminal

With the channel-1 probe disconnected from our signal source we should now see a baseline 00 V DC signal Since with this 00 V DC signal we no longer have any edge crossings and hence the scope has nothing to trigger

on the scope again ldquoauto triggersrdquo in order to show us this DC level signal

Figure 16 Auto triggering with the trigger level set above the input signal

Trigger Level

In addition to the default Auto sweep mode the oscilloscope also has another user-selectable sweep mode called the Normal sweep mode Letrsquos now see how the Normal sweep mode differs from the Auto sweep mode

15 Re-connect the channel-1 probe to the ldquoProbe Comprdquo terminal You should see the triggered square wave again

16 Press the Sweep softkey to toggle from the Auto sweep mode to the Normal sweep mode

17 Disconnect the channel-1 probe from the ldquoProbe Comprdquo terminal again

You should now see the last acquisition (last picture) that occurred before the probe was disconnected or perhaps you might see a transient You should also see a flashing ldquoWaitrdquo message in the upper left-hand corner of the display This is an indication that the scope is waiting for valid trigger events Note that we do not see the 00 V DC level trace that the Auto sweep mode showed when the probe was disconnected When the Normal sweep mode is selected the scope will only display waveforms if and only if the scope detects valid trigger conditions (falling edge crossings in this case)

18 Rotate the trigger knob clockwise in order to set the trigger level at approximately +400 V (which will be above our square wave mdash if we had the probe connected)

19 Re-connect the channel-1 probe to the ldquoProbe Comprdquo terminal

The square wave is now connected and being input to the scope but where is our repetitive display of this signal Since we are using the Normal sweep mode the scope still requires valid edge crossings but since the trigger level is set above the waveform ( +400 V) there are no valid edge crossings So as you can see with the Normal sweep mode we donrsquot have any clue as to where our waveform is and we canrsquot measure DC either

20 Press the trigger level knob to automatically set the trigger level to the approximate 50 level Your scope should begin to show repetitive waveforms again

Some older scopes use to refer to what we today call the Normal sweep mode as the Triggered sweep mode which may actually be a more descriptive term for this triggering mode since in this mode the scope only triggers when it finds a valid trigger condition and will not generate an automatic trigger (asynchronous trigger to generate asynchronous picture taking) And it is a bit of an oxymoron that the Normal sweep mode is not the ldquonormallyrdquo used sweep mode and it is not the scopersquos default sweep mode The trigger mode that is normally used is the Auto sweep mode which is the scopersquos default trigger mode

As this point you may be wondering when to use the Normal sweep mode The Normal sweep mode should be used when the trigger event occurs very infrequently (including single-shot events) For example if you had the scope setup to capture and display a signal that occurs at just a frac12 Hz rate (one cycle every 2 seconds) if the scopersquos trigger mode was set to the Auto sweep mode then the scope would generate lots of asynchronously generated automatic

triggers and would not be able to show this slowly changing signal In this case you would need to select the Normal sweep mode so that the scope would wait until obtaining valid trigger events before displaying waveforms If you have a function generator in your lab you can try setting the frequency to 05 Hz and then observe the difference between using the scopersquos Auto sweep mode and its Normal sweep mode

Lab 3 Capturing Single-Shot Events

Up until now we have been capturing repetitive waveforms mdash in other words signals that repeat In the case of our 1 kHz square wave this signal repeats 1000 times a second But sometimes engineers need to capture events (signals) that are single-shot which means that they only occur once Digital Storage Oscilloscopes (DSOs) are really good at capturing single-shot events because of their very fast sample rate However setting up the scope to capture a single-shot event is a bit more complicated than setting up a scope to capture a repeating waveform You can no longer ldquotunerdquo setup conditions such as Vdiv and secdiv while viewing the waveform The signal is not there to do this with You must have some knowledge of the approximate characteristics of the single-shot event mdash such as amplitude and event width mdash before setting up the scope to capture it So letrsquos assume that you know that the single-shot event has a peak-to-peak amplitude of approximately 2 Vpp and an event width of approximately 10 milliseconds Letrsquos now setup the scope to capture a single-shot event with these characteristics

2 Disconnect the channel-1 probe (probe tip grabber and ground clip) from the terminal labeled ldquoProbe Comprdquo

3 Set the scopersquos timebase to 1000 msd iv

4 Set the channel-1 Vdiv setting to 200 mVd iv

5 Set the trigger level to approximately 300 mV

6 Press the [Trig] front panel Note that this front panel key is labeled [Menu] in the Trigger section of DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes

8 Press the [Menu OnOff] front panel key

9 Press the [Single] front panel key

10 Pick up your probe and lightly tap it on your bench or table to create and capture of a small electrostatic discharge (ESD)

You may now see a stored waveform similar to Figure 17 on your scopersquos display But itrsquos likely to look a bit different If your scope didnrsquot capture anything try reducing the trigger level press the [Single] front panel again and then tap your probe on the your bench again To capture multiple single-shot events press [Single] again before the event occurs the next time

To get a better understanding of the use of the Normal sweep mode mdash which we just covered during the previous lab mdash letrsquos try capturing multiple infrequent events

11 Press the [RunStop] front panel key (key should light up green)

12 Begin tapping your probe on your benchtable at a slow rate (perhaps once every second)

You should notice that the scope captures each single-shot event Letrsquos now change the sweep mode to Auto and see what happens

13 Press the [Trig Menu] front panel key Note that this front panel key is labeled [Menu] in the Trigger section of DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes

14 Press the Sweep softkey to toggle from Normal to Auto

15 Begin tapping your probe on your benchtable again at a slow rate

You should notice that the scope rarely captures the single-shot event and when it does it appears randomly somewhere on the scopersquos display mdashnot pegged to the center-screen trigger location This is because the scope is Auto triggering Remember Auto sweep (trigger) works great when capturing repetitive waveforms but it should not be used to capture either low repetition rate or single-shot events

Figure 17 Setting up the scope to capture a single-shot event

Lab 4 Compensating your Passive 101 Probes

Now that yoursquove completed the first three labs in this oscilloscope training guide and should be somewhat familiar with how to use an oscilloscope to make basic voltage and timing measurements letrsquos take a step back and talk about probing again In the Getting Started section of this guide we briefly discussed probing and showed the electrical input model of the combination of a passive 101 probe and the oscilloscopersquos input This electrical model of the probe and oscilloscope is shown again here in Figure 18

If you remember you were instructed to ignore the capacitive components in this electrical model and consider just the resistive components When we looked at just the resistive components we determined that the combination of the probersquos 9 MΩ probe tip resistor plus the scopersquos 1 MΩ input impedance established a 10-to-1 voltage-divider ratio For low-frequency or dc applications ignoring the capacitive elements is appropriate But if you need to measure dynamic signals which is the primary measurement application for oscilloscopes the capacitive elements of this electrical model canrsquot be ignored

Inherent in all oscilloscope probes and scope inputs are parasitic capacitances These include the probe cable capacitance (C cable) as well as the scopersquos input capacitance (C scope) ldquoInherentparasiticrdquo simply means that these elements of the electrical model are not intentionally designed-in but are just an unfortunate fact of life in the real world of electronics And the amount of inherentparasitic capacitance will vary from scope-to-scope and probe-to-probe But without additional designed-in capacitive components to compensate for the inherent capacitive elements in the system the reactance of the system under dynamic signal conditions (non-dc) can change the overall dynamic attenuation of the probing system to something different than the desired 101 ratio The purpose of the additionaldesigned-in probe tip capacitor (C tip) along the adjustable compensation capacitor (C comp) is to establish a capacitive reactance attenuation that matches the resistive attenuation of 101 When the compensation capacitor

is properly adjusted this also ensures that the time constant of the probe tip capacitance in parallel with the 9 MΩ resistor matches the time constant of the inherent and compensation capacitances in parallel with the scopersquos 1 MΩ input resistor

Rather than spending a lot more time talking about the theory of this letrsquos just connect to a signal and see the affect of under-compensation over-compensation and proper-compensation

1 Connect one oscilloscope probe between the channel-1 input BNC and the terminal labeled Probe Comp Connect the probersquos ground clip to the ground terminal

2 Connect another oscilloscope probe between the channel-2 input BNC and the terminal labeled Probe Comp Connect the probersquos ground clip to the ground terminal

4 Press the [2] front panel key (between the two green knobs) to turn on channel-2

5 Press the [Menu OnOff] front panel key to expand the waveform viewing area

6 Set the horizontal timebase to 2000 μsd iv

7 Press the trigger level knob to automatically set the trigger level to approximately 50

8 Adjust the channel-2 vertical position (smaller green knob) in order to position the channel-2 waveform (green trace) below the channel-1 waveform (yellow)

If your probes are properly compensated you should see two 1 kHz square waves with a very flat response on your scopersquos display similar to Figure 19 Letrsquos now adjust the probe compensation on each probe

9 Using a small slotted screw driver adjust the variable capacitor located on the body of each probe Note that this adjustment is sometimes located near the BNC connection end of some probes

Figure 20 shows an example of the channel-1 probe (yellow waveform) over-compensated (too much capacitance) and an example of the channel-2 probe (green waveform) under-compensated (too little capacitance) If you donrsquot observe a near-perfect square wave then re-adjust the probe compensation on your probes until the waveforms on your scope are similar to Figure 19

Figure 19 Using the scopersquos 1-kHz probe compensation signal to compensate 101 passive probes

After your probes have been properly adjusted so long as you continue to use these probes on this scope you shouldnrsquot need to re-adjust them the next time you use the scope

At this point you have completed the hands-on portion of this lab The next part of this lab is a detailed discussion of the theory behind probe compensation and probe loading Your professor may assign this as your homework If so you may want move on to the next lab and then study this section later

Computing the Proper Amount of Capacitive Compensation

If you are up for a challenge compute the amount of compensation capacitance (C

comp) required for proper compensation using the following assumptions

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C parallel = C scope + C cable + C comp

C comp =

Figure 20 Improperly compensated probes

To compute the required amount of compensation capacitance (C comp) the easiest method is to equate the time constant (1RC) of the parallel combination of R tip and C tip with the time constant of the parallel combination of R scope and C

parallel

Remember that C parallel is the combination of three capacitive elements in the probescope model

Another computational method would be to equate 9X the capacitive reactance of C parallel with 1X the capacitance reactance of C tip This will establish the same attenuation factor contributed by capacitive reactances as the attenuation factor contributed by the resistive-only network (101)

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

Besides properly compensating your 101 passive probes in order to achieve the most accurate oscilloscope measurements another issue that must be considered is probe loading In other words will connecting the probe and scope to your device-under-test (DUT) change your circuitrsquos behavior When you connect any instrument to your circuit the instrument itself becomes a part of your DUT and can ldquoloadrdquo or change the behavior of your signals to some degree If we use the given values of resistances and capacitances listed above (along with the value of C comp that you computed) we can model the loading affect of the probe and scope together as the parallel combination of a single resistor and capacitor as shown in Figure 21

For low frequency or dc applications loading is dominated by the 10 MΩ resistance which in most cases should not be a problem But what if you are probing a 100 MHz digital clock signal The 5th harmonic of this digital clock

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

Rscope Cparalleltimes--------------------------------------------=

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfCparallel------------------------------times=

Figure 21 101 passive probe and scope loading model

which is a significant component in creating the shape of this signal would be 500 MHz Now compute the reactance contributed by the 135 pF capacitance of this loading model shown in Figure 21

Although 135 pF may not sound like much at higher frequencies this amount of loading capacitance can be significant For higher frequency applications such as this most scope vendors provide optional active probing solutions that have significantly lower input capacitances (sub pF) But these types of special probes cost significantly more than the typical 101 passive probe

Lastly be aware that the probe + scope models presented in this lab are very simplified More accurate models would include inductive elements as well Wire especially your ground lead should be considered as an inductive element especially for high frequency applications

To conduct your own probe loading experiment download the application note titled Oscilloscope Probe Loading Experiment listed in the ldquoldquoRelated Keysight Literaturerdquo section of this document

2πfC------------- 1

2π 500 6times10 135 12ndashtimes10timestimes-------------------------------------------------------------------- 236Ω= = =

Lab 5 Documenting and Saving Oscilloscope Test Results

When you complete your various circuits lab assignments your professor may require you to write up a test report Including images (pictures) of your measurements in your lab report may be required In addition if you canrsquot complete a lab assignment during one session you may want to continue testing at a later time But it would really be great if you could pick up where you left off without having to re-setup your scope or possibly re-acquire waveforms In this lab you will learn how to save and recall various types of oscilloscope files including image reference waveform and setup files For this lab you must have access to a personal USB memory device

1 Ensure that your oscilloscope probe is still connected between the terminal labeled Probe Comp and the channel-1 input BNC

4 Set the scopersquos timebase to 200 μsd iv

5 Press the trigger level knob to establish triggering at the approximate 50 level

At this point you should see a few cycles of the 1 kHz square wave as shown in Figure 22 Letrsquos now save this image (picture)

6 Insert your personal USB memory device into the scopersquos front panel USB port

7 Press the [SaveRecall] key in the File section of the front panel

Figure 22 Two cycles of a 1 kHz square wave that we want to save for documentation and later analysis

8 Press the Storage softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight PNG and then push the Entry knob to select this as the type of storage operationfile type that you want to save or recall

9 Press the External softkey which means that you want to either save or recall data tofrom your external USB drive Note that although you can also save certain types of data to the scopersquos internal memory these limited memory locations can be overwritten by your fellow students

10 Press the New File softkey to create a new file name Although you can create a customized file name letrsquos just use the default name for now

11 Press the Save softkey to save this image file

This saves the image (picture) that was on the display of your scope prior to entering this menu Although you cannot recall this type of file back into your scope you can open a png file on your PC and you can insert this image into various types of documentation such as Microsoft Word This is something that your professor will probably soon require in order to document your various lab experiments In addition to saving images in a png format you can also save images as 8-bit or 24-bit bmp images Note that all of the oscilloscope screen images shown in this Lab Guide were originally saved in a png format Letrsquos now save a setup file

13 If you are using a DSO1000B Series oscilloscope press the [SaveRecall] front panel key If you are using a DSO1000A Series oscilloscope the SaveRecall menu will already be displayed

14 Press the Storage softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight Setups and then push the Entry knob to select

15 Press the External softkey

16 Press New File softkey then press Save

With a ldquosetuprdquo file you can save the scopersquos setup conditions (Vdiv secdiv trigger level etc) so that you can later recall these same setup conditions to continue making measurement where you left off possibly the previous day Letrsquos now try recalling the setup condition you just saved But first wersquoll destroy the scopersquos current setup condition

18 Press the [Defaul t Setup] front panel key This destroyrsquos the scopersquos current setup condition

19 Press the [SaveRecall] front panel key

20 Press the Storage softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight Setup and then push the Entry knob to select

22 Rotate the Entry knob to highlight the setup file that you just saved Note that this file will have a stp extension If this is the only stp file stored on your USB drive then it will be highlighted automatically

23 Press the Recall softkey to recall this setup

If your probe in still connected to the Probe Comp terminal your scope should be correctly setup to display the 1 kHz square wave again Note that you can also save setups using the Waveform storage type If saved and then recalled as a ldquoWaveformrdquo then the scope will recall the setup condition as well as the waveform(s) But if you then press the [Run] key after recalling setups and waveforms the recalled waveforms will be replaced with actively digitized waveforms There is a better way to permanently save waveforms for later analysis using ldquoreferencerdquo waveforms Letrsquos try it

24 Press the [Ref] front panel key (next to the channel-2 onoff key)

25 Press the Location softkey to toggle from Internal to External memory

26 Press the Save softkey

27 Press the New File softkey then press Save

Letrsquos now import (recall) this reference waveform that you just saved back into the scope for post analysis But first letrsquos clear the currently displayed channel-1 waveform (yellow trace)

29 Press the [Display] front panel key

30 If the top selection says 22 (menu 2 of 2) then press this softkey to toggle to 12 (menu 1 of 2)

31 Press the Clear softkey to clear the channel-1 waveform

32 Press the [Ref] front panel key

33 Press the Location softkey until it indicates External

34 Press the Import softkey

35 Rotate the Entry knob to highlight the reference waveform file that you just saved Note that this file will have a ref extension

36 Press Import

You should now see a white waveform on the scopersquos display similar to Figure 23 You can now use this waveform to compare it against actively digitized waveforms

In addition to saving images (png or bmp) setups (stp) and reference waveforms (ref) you can also save waveforms in a csv (comma separated values) format This will consist of an array of XY pairs (time and voltage) that represents the individual digitize points in the waveform Although you cannot recall this type of file back into the scope you can open this type of file in a spreadsheet application such as Microsoft Excel You can also import this type of data into various waveformdata analysis software packages such as LabView and MatLab for more advanced waveform analysis that may not be available on the scope

37 Press the [Ref] front panel to turn off the display of the reference waveform (Press twice on DSO1000B Series oscilloscopes Press once on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes)

38 Press the [RunStop] key to begin acquisitions again ([RunStop] should turn green)

40 Press the Storage softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight CSV and then push the Entry knob to select

42 Press the New File softkey

Figure 23 Importing a stored reference waveform (ref) into the scopersquos internal reference memory

If you open this file on your laptop using Microsoft Excel you should see a list of time and voltage pairs of data similar to Figure 24 Although Excel provides limited analysis on waveform data you can also open this file in applications such as LabView or MatLab for more extensive and advanced waveform analysis

Figure 24 Opening a saved waveform in csv format using Microsoft Excel

Lab 6 Using Oscilloscope Waveform Math

Oscilloscopes can perform math operations on an entire waveform or pair waveforms One very common waveform math function that you may want the scope to perform is to subtract one waveform from another Figure 25 shows an example of a simple two-resistor voltage divider network What if you wanted to see what a waveform looks like across just R1 With standard passive 101 probes such as the ones that you are using today you can measure Vin relative to ground using one channel of the scope and also measure Vout relative to ground using another channel of the scope But you cannot probe across R1 since neither end of R1 is relative to ground One option would be to use a special and expensive differential active probe Another option would be to use the oscilloscopersquos ldquoA-Brdquo waveform math function to create a special math waveform that is the difference between the channel-1 and channel-2 waveforms Your professorlab instructor may assign such an experiment in the future using an external function generator along with passive andor active components But for now letrsquos use the scopersquos built-in probe comp signal to learn how to use waveform math functions on the scope

1 Connect one oscilloscope probe between the channel-1 input BNC and the terminal labeled ldquoProbe Comprdquo Connect the probersquos ground clip to the ground terminal

2 Connect another oscilloscope probe between the channel-2 input BNC and the terminal labeled ldquoProbe Comprdquo Connect the probersquos ground clip to the ground terminal

Figure 25 A 2-resistor voltage divider network

7 Adjust the channel-2 vertical position (smaller green knob) to position the channel-2 waveform (green trace) into the lower half of the display Make sure that the top of the green waveform is slightly below centerscreen

8 Adjust the channel-1 vertical position (smaller yellow knob) to re-position the channel-1 waveform such that the bottom of the channel-1 waveform is slightly above center-screen

9 Press the [Math] front panel key (between the channel-1 and channel-2 onoff keys)

10 If the top softkey selection says 22 (menu 2 of 2) then press this softkey to toggle to 12 (menu 1 of 2)

11 Press the Operator softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight A-B and then push the Entry knob to select

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 26 If your probes have been properly compensated the Math waveform (purple trace) which is the difference between channel-1 and channel-2 should show a 0 V ldquoflat-linerdquo trace Since both channels of the scope are capturing the same signal the result should be zero

To make this differential measurement a little more interesting try mis-adjusting the probe compensation on just one of the probes (either channel-1 probe or channel-2 probe) This will create a difference between these two input signals Your scopersquos display should now look something like Figure 27

Figure 26 Using waveform math to subtract channel-2 from channel-1

Math Waveform

Note that the default scaling of the math waveform (500 Vd iv) is different than the scaling of the channel-1 and channel-2 waveforms (100 Vdiv) You can change the math waveform scaling and offsetposition in the 22 (menu 2 of 2) level menu

Now properly adjust the probe compensation before proceeding the next measurement

Letrsquos now perform a more complex math function on just the channel-1 waveform We will convert the channel-1 waveform from a time-domain waveform into a frequency-domain waveform using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) math function

12 Press the [2] ONOFF front panel key until the channel-2 waveform (green trace) is turned off

13 Set channel-1 vertical scaling (larger yellow knob) to 500 mVd iv

14 Re-position the channel-1 waveform to be in the center of the display (smaller yellow knob)

15 Change the timebase setting (large horizontal knob) to 1000 msd iv

16 Press the [Math] front panel key

17 Press the Operator softkey rotate the Entry knob to highlight FFT and then push the Entry knob to select

You should now see a display similar to Figure 28 The scope is now displaying both a time domain waveform (Voltage versus Time) as well as a frequency domain waveform (Amplitude in units of Vrms versus Frequency) Note that horizontal frequency scaling will be different on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes

Figure 27 Creating a difference between the channel-1 and channel-2 waveforms

An FFT math function breaks signals down into their individual sine wave frequency components And if you remember from some of your EE circuits or Physics classes all electrical signals including digital signals are composed of multiple sine waves of different frequencies An ideal clock signal that has a 50 duty cycle should consist of a fundamental sine wave frequency component (signalrsquos repetitive frequency) plus its odd harmonics (3rd 5th 7th etc) Note that non-ideal square waves will also include lower-level even harmonics Letrsquos now verify the frequencies of the fundamental and odd harmonics of this input signal

18 Press the [Cursors] front panel key

19 Press the Mode softkey rotate the Entry knob to highlight Track and then push the Entry knob to select

Note that during Lab 1 we used cursors to make voltage and timing measurements using the ldquomanualrdquo cursor setting In the manual cursors mode you can control the vertical (Y) and horizontal (X) cursor settings independently When the ldquotrackrdquo cursor mode is selected you can only control the horizontal setting of the cursors The scope will then automatically slave the position of the amplitude cursors to the location on the waveform where the timing cursors intersects with the waveform Letrsquos now assign the cursors to ldquotrackrdquo and make measurements on the FFT waveform

20 Press the Cursor A softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight Math and then push the Entry knob to select

21 Press the Cursor B softkey rotate the Entry knob to highlight Math and then push the Entry knob to select

FFT Waveform

22 Press the CurAmdash softkey rotate the Entry knob until the tracking ldquocross-hairrdquo cursor lands on top of the highest frequency peak (near left side of screen)

23 Press the CurBmdash softkey then rotate the Entry knob until the tracking ldquocross-hairrdquo cursor lands on top of the second highest frequency peak

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 29

24 What is the ldquoA -gt Xrdquo frequency which is the fundamental component

25 What is the ldquoB -gt Xrdquo frequency which should be the 3rd harmonic

Figure 29 Using tracking cursors to perform measurements on an FFT waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

Lab 7 Using the Scopersquos Zoom Mode

Most scopes have two timebases This means that they can display waveforms based on two different horizontal settings (secdivision) Up until now we have only been using the scopersquos ldquomainrdquo timebase The 2nd timebase is usually called the horizontal ldquozoomrdquo display If your professorlab instructor used an older analog oscilloscope during hisher university days this 2nd timebase was often called the ldquodelayedrdquo timebase When the zoom display is turned on not only can you view waveforms at two different settings but you can also perform ldquogatedrdquo or selective measurements

1 Connect an oscilloscope probe between the channel-1 input BNC and the terminal labeled ldquoProbe Comprdquo Connect the probersquos ground clip to the ground terminal

3 Set the scopersquos timebase (large horizontal knob) to 2000 μsd iv

4 Press the trigger knob to automatically set the trigger level at approximately 50

5 Set channel-1rsquos vertical scaling to 500 mVd iv using the larger yellow knob

6 Re-position the waveform to center-screen using the smaller yellow knob

7 Press the [Meas] front panel key This front panel key is labeled [Measure] on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes

8 Press the Time softkey then rotate the Entry knob to highlight Rise Time and then push the Entry knob to select

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 30 Note the Rise Time displayed near the bottom of the screen probably says something like ldquolt40 usrdquo Or it might say ldquo20 usrdquo on DSO1000A Series oscilloscopes) At this timebase setting (2000 μsdiv) the scope does not have enough horizontal resolution to perform an accurate measurement on this fast rising edge If you canrsquot visually see details of this fast rising edge then the scope probably canrsquot either Letrsquos now turn on the scopersquos horizontal zoom mode in order to make a more accurate ldquogatedrdquo measurement on this particular edge

9 Press the large horizontal knob to turn on the scopersquos zoom mode

10 Rotate the large horizontal knob to set the zoom timebase to 5000 μsd iv (displayed in white characters near the bottom of the display

Your scopersquos display should now look similar to Figure 31 and the scope should now be performing a much more accurate timing measurement on this fast rising edge When the scopersquos zoom mode is turned on we can see the ldquobig picturerdquo and the ldquodetailed picturerdquo on the same scope display We can also perform more accurate timing measurements while also viewing the ldquobig picturerdquo The zoom display mode also allows you to select which edge or pulse to perform measurements on

Figure 30 Making a poor resolution (inaccurate) rise time measurement

Figure 31 Making an accurate ldquogatedrdquo rise time measurement using the scopersquos zoom mode

3 Summary

If you have been able to complete all the labs in this oscilloscope lab guide and tutorial then you should now have a very good understanding of what an oscilloscope is and how to use one effectively Not only will this help you to complete your assigned circuits experiments more efficiently and with greater understanding of theoretical EE and Physics concepts but when you graduate and begin using scopes to verify and test your designs in industry you will be able to debug your designs faster and get your products to market faster If you would like to learn more about oscilloscopes and oscilloscope measurements Keysight provides a broad range of application notes on this topic listed on the next page

3 Summary

Related Keysight Literature

To download these documents insert the publication number in the URL httpliteraturecdnkeysightcomlitwebpdfxxxx-xxxxENpdf

Table 1 Related Keysight literature

Publication title Publication type Publication number

Evaluating Oscilloscope Fundamentals Application note 5989-8064EN

Evaluating Oscilloscope Bandwidths for your Application

Application note 5989-5733EN

Oscilloscope Probe Loading Experiment Application note 5990-9175EN

Evaluating Oscilloscope Sample Rates vs Sampling Fidelity

Evaluating Oscilloscopes for Best Waveform Update Rates

Evaluating Oscilloscope Vertical Noise Characteristics Application note 5989-3020EN

Evaluating Oscilloscopes for Best Display Quality Application note 5989-2003EN

Evaluating Oscilloscopes to Debug Mixed-signal Designs

DSO Block Diagram 54ADC Block 54Attenuator Block 55DC Offset Block 55Amplifier Block 55Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks 56Timebase and Acquisition Memory Blocks 56Display DSP Block 57

DSO Block Diagram

Figure 32 shows the block diagram of one channel of acquisition of a typical digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) The yellow-shaded blocks represent system components unique to a single channel of acquisition such as Channel-1 or Channel-2 The blue-shaded blocks represent system components that are common among all channels of acquisition such as the scopersquos common timebase and CPU system

ADC Block

Shown near the middle of this block diagram is the analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) The ADC block is the corecentral component of all DSOs The function of this block is to convert the analog input into a series of digital words Most of todayrsquos DSOs utilize 8-bit ADCs which will provide 256 unique digital output levelscodes These digital binary codes are stored in the scopersquos acquisition memory which will be discussed later If the analog input level to the ADC is equal to or less than ndashV then the output of the ADC will be 00000000 (0 decimal) If the analog input level to the ADC is equal to or greater than +V then the output of the ADC will be 11111111 (255 decimal) If the analog input level to the ADC is equal to 00 V then the output of the ADC will be 10000000 (128 decimal)

Figure 32 DSO block diagram

Attenuator Amplifier8-bitADC

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Oscilloscope Block Diagram and Theory of Operation A

To obtain the highest resolution and accurate measurements the input to the ADC must be scaled within its dynamic range which is plusmn V Although the ADC has a limited and fixed input dynamic range based on the ADCrsquos reference voltages (plusmn V) scopes must be able to capture a broad dynamic range of signals including both high level and low level input signals Scaling the ADCs analog input to be within the ADCrsquos dynamic range is the combined function of attenuator DC offset and amplifier blocks which are discussed next

Attenuator Block

The attenuator block is basically a network of resistor dividers used to scale the input signal to be within the dynamic range of the scopersquos variable gain analog amplifier and ADC When inputting a high level input signal such as 40 Vpp the signal level must be reduced (attenuated) If inputting a low level input signal such as 10 mVpp then the input signal is passed through to the amplifier with no attenuation (11) When you change the scopersquos Vdiv setting you may hear audible clicking sounds The clicking that you hear are mechanical relays switching-in different resistor divider networks Note that the attenuator block also includes switching of the user-selectable input impedance (1 MΩ or 50 Ω) as well as AC or DC input coupling

DC Offset Block

When inputting a signal with DC offset such as a digital signal that swings between 0V to 5V if we want to display this signal centered on the scopersquos display then an internal DC offset of the opposite polarity must to added to the signal in order to shift the input signal to be within the ADCrsquos dynamic range Alternatively AC coupling can be selected to eliminate the DC component of the input signal

Amplifier Block

The final analog processing stage to scale the input signal to be within the dynamic range of the ADC system is the scopersquos variable gain amplifier If inputting a very low level input signal you would typically set the Vdiv setting to a relatively low setting With a low Vdiv setting the attenuator stage would then pass this signal straight through to the amplifier with no attenuation (gain =1) and then the amplifier would boost (gain gt1) the amplitude the signal in order to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the ADC If inputting a very high level input signal you would typically set the Vdiv setting to a relatively high setting Using a high Vdiv setting the attenuator stage would first attenuate the input signal (gain lt 1) to get it within the dynamic range of the amplifier and then the amplifier may further attenuate the signal (gain lt1) to get it within the dynamic range of the ADC

Note that when you select a specific Vdiv setting the scope automatically determines the required amount of attenuation in the attenuator block and the required amount of gain (or possibly additional attenuation) in the amplifier block You can think of the attenuator block DC Offset block and amplifier block as a single block of analog input signal conditioning that linearly conditions a signal that is representative of the input signal to be within the dynamic range of the ADC block based on the Vdiv and offset setting of that particular channel of the scope

Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks

The purpose of the trigger comparator and trigger logic blocks are to establish a unique point in time on the input signal (or combination of multiple input signals) upon which to establish a synchronized acquisition After yoursquove completed Lab 2 (Learning the Basics of Oscilloscope Triggering) in this document you should have a better understanding of what triggering is all about

Letrsquos assume that your input signal is a sine wave and that you want to trigger acquisitions on the rising edge of the sine wave at the 50 level In this case the non-inverted output of the trigger comparator would be a square wave with a 50 duty cycle If you set the trigger level above the 50 level then the non-inverted output of the trigger comparator would be less than 50 Alternatively if you set the trigger level below the 50 level then the non-inverted output would be greater than 50 Assuming that triggering is to be based on just a positive edge crossing of a single channel the trigger logic block would pass the non-inverted output of the trigger comparator to the timebase block If you have selected to trigger on a negative edge crossing of a single channel then the trigger logic block would pass the inverted output of the trigger comparator to the timebase block The timebase block then uses the rising edge of the trigger signal as the unique synchronization point in time Also note that triggering can be based on many other variables including time-qualification as well as a combination of input signals from multiple input channels

Timebase and Acquisition Memory Blocks

The timebase block controls when ADC sampling is started and stopped relative to the trigger event In addition the timebase block controls the ADCs sample rate based on the scopersquos available acquisition memory depth and the timebase setting For example letrsquos assume that the scope has been setup to trigger at exactly center screen (default setting) using a timebase setting of 1 msdiv Let also assume for simplicity that the scopersquos acquisition memory depth is just 1000 points Using these assumptions the scope should acquire 500 points before the trigger event followed by acquiring 500 points after the trigger event At this timebase setting the scope will acquire 1000 points across a 10 ms time span (1 msdiv x 10 divisions) Even though the scopersquos maximum specified sample rate

may be 2 GSas at this timebase setting the timebase block will reduce the scopersquos continuous sample rate to 100 k samplessec (Sample Rate = MemoryTime-span = 1000 samples10ms = 100 kSas)

When the Run key is pressed the timebase block enables continuous storing of digitized data into the scopersquos ldquocircularrdquo acquisition memory at the appropriate sample rate (100 kSas) While the timebase block increments addressing of the circular acquisition memory buffer after each sample it also counts the number of samples taken up to 500 (assuming a memory depth of 1000 and also assuming triggering at center screen) After the timebase block determines that a minimum of 500 samples have been stored (meaning that at least half of the acquisition memory is full) the timebase block then enables triggering and begins to look for the first rising edge of the output trigger comparator (assuming simple edge triggering mode) While looking for the trigger event acquisitions continue to be stored in the scopersquos circular acquisition memory buffer If the trigger event is very infrequent stored samples can actually be overwritten while waiting on the trigger event But this is okay Once the trigger event is detected the timebase block then begins counting up to 500 again When an additional 500 samples have been stored the timebase block then disables (shuts down) sampling This means that the last 500 stored samples represent sequential points on the waveform that occurred after the trigger event while the previous 500 points represent sequential points on the waveform that occurred before the trigger event At this point operation is turned over to the Display DSP block

Although we used an example of triggering at center-screen using the horizontal delayposition control you can position the trigger point at any point For example if you adjust the delay such that the trigger point should occur at the 75 point along the horizontal axis (relative to the left side of the screen) then the timebase block would set the counter to initially store 750 points (assuming a memory depth of 1000 points) before enabling the trigger and then capture an additional 250 points after detection of the trigger event

Display DSP Block

Once an acquisition is completed the Display DSP block then backs out the stored data from the acquisition memory block in a last-in-first-out sequence Not only can the Display DSP block quickly perform digital signal processing on the stored data such as running a Sin(x)x digital reconstruction filter but it can also ldquopipelinerdquo the stored andor processed data into the scopersquos pixel display memory After the data has been ldquobacked outrdquo of acquisition memory the DSP block then signals the timebase block that it can begin another acquisition

Note that early generations of DSOs did not include an explicit Display DSP block This function was traditionally handled by the scopersquos CPU system but with much lower efficiency that produced much slower waveform update rates With custom display DSP processing some of todayrsquos DSOs can update waveforms as fast as 1000000 waveformssecond

To learn more about the fundamentals of oscilloscopes download Keysightrsquos application note titled Evaluating Oscilloscope Fundamentals This publication is listed in the ldquoldquoRelated Keysight Literaturerdquo section of this document with instructions on how to download

Defining Oscilloscope Bandwidth 60Required Bandwidth for Analog Applications 62Required Bandwidth for Digital Applications 63Digital Clock Measurement Comparisons 66

Oscilloscopes have many different specifications that determine the accuracy that signals can be captured and measured But the primary specification of an oscilloscope is its bandwidth The oscilloscopes that you are using in your Electrical Engineering undergraduate student labs probably have sufficient bandwidth for most if not all of the experiments that your professor will assign When you finally graduate from your EE program and get into the electronics industry it is very possible that you will need to either select a scope from an instrument pool at your company to perform testing on your designs or perhaps you will be tasked with evaluating various oscilloscopes to purchase This tutorial on oscilloscope bandwidth will provide you some helpful hints on how to select an oscilloscope with the appropriate bandwidth for your digital and analog applications But first letrsquos define oscilloscope bandwidth

Defining Oscilloscope Bandwidth

All oscilloscopes exhibit a low-pass frequency response that rolls-off at higher frequencies as shown in Figure 33 Most scopes with bandwidth specifications of 1 GHz and below typically have what is called a Gaussian frequency response An oscilloscope Gaussian frequency response approximates a single-pole low-pass filter which is something you may have already studied about in some of your circuits classes and perhaps graphed as a Bode plot

The lowest frequency at which the input signal is attenuated by 3 dB is considered the scopersquos bandwidth (fBW) Signal attenuation at the -3 dB frequency translates into approximately -30 amplitude error In other words if you input a 1 Vp-p 100 MHz sine wave into a 100 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope the measured peak-to-peak voltage using this scope would be in the range of approximately 700 mVp-p (-3 dB = 20 Log [070710]) So you canrsquot expect to make accurate measurements on signals that have significant frequencies near your scopersquos bandwidth

Closely related to an oscilloscopersquos bandwidth specification is its rise time specification Scopes with a Gaussian-type frequency response will have an approximate rise time of 035fBW based on a 10 to 90 criterion But you need to remember that a scopersquos rise time is not the fastest edge speed that the oscilloscope can accurately measure It is the fastest edge speed the scope can possibly produce if the input signal has a theoretical infinitely fast rise time (0 ps) Although this theoretical specification is impossible to test mdash since pulse

Figure 33 Oscilloscope Gaussian frequency response

Oscilloscope Bandwidth Tutorial B

generators donrsquot have infinitely fast edges mdash from a practical perspective you can test your oscilloscopersquos rise time by inputting a pulse that has edge speeds that are 5 to 10 times faster than the scopersquos rise time specification

Required Bandwidth for Analog Applications

Years ago most oscilloscope vendors recommended that your scopersquos bandwidth should be at least three times higher than the maximum input signal frequency And this rule-of-thumb recommendation may be what your professor remembers Although this ldquo3Xrdquo multiplying factor would not apply to digital applications based on clock rates or edge speeds it still applies to analog applications such as modulated RF To understand where this 3-to-1 multiplying factor comes from letrsquos look at an actual frequency response of a 1 GHz bandwidth scope

Figure 34 shows a measured frequency response test (1 MHz to 2 GHz) on an Keysight 1 GHz bandwidth oscilloscope As you can see at exactly 1 GHz the measured output (waveform on oscilloscope display) is attenuated by slightly less than 3 dB (VoVi gt 07) To make accurate measurements on analog signals you would need to use the scope in the portion of the frequency band where it is still relatively flat with minimal attenuation At approximately one-third the scopersquos 1 GHz bandwidth this scope exhibits very little attenuation (-02 dB)

Figure 34 Actual frequency response of an Keysight 1 GHz bandwidth oscilloscope

Required Bandwidth for Digital Applications

The vast majority of todayrsquos EE graduates will be focused on digital design applications when they enter the electronics industry And digital clock rates and serial data links in the multi-Giga bitssec range are very common today

Rule of Thumb

As a rule of thumb your scopersquos bandwidth should be at least five times higher than the fastest digital clock rate in your system under test If your scope meets this criterion then it will be able to capture up to the fifth harmonic with minimum signal attenuation This component of the signal is very important in determining the overall shape of your digital signals

But if you need to make accurate measurements on high-speed edges this simple formula does not take into account the actual highest-frequency components embedded in fast rising and falling edges

Step 1 Determine fastest actual edge speeds

A more accurate method to determine required oscilloscope bandwidth is to ascertain the maximum frequency present in your digital signals which is not the maximum clock rate The maximum frequency will be based on the fastest edge speeds in your designs So the first thing you need to do is determine the rise and fall times of your fastest signals You can usually obtain this information from published specifications for devices used in your designs

Step 2 Calculate fknee

You can then use a simple formula to compute the maximum ldquopracticalrdquo frequency component Dr Howard W Johnson has written a book on this topic ldquoHigh-speed Digital Design ndash A Handbook of Black Magicrdquo 1 He refers to this frequency component as the ldquokneerdquo frequency (fknee) All fast edges have an infinite spectrum of frequency components However there is an inflection (or ldquokneerdquo) in the frequency spectrum of fast edges where frequency components higher than fknee are insignificant in determining the shape of the signal

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

For signals with rise time characteristics based on 10 to 90 thresholds fknee is equal to 05 divided by the rise time of the signal For signals with rise time characteristics based on 20 to 80 thresholds which is very common in many of todayrsquos device specifications fknee is equal to 04 divided by the rise time of the signal Now donrsquot confuse these rise times with a scopersquos specified rise time We are talking about actual signal edge speeds

Step 3 Calculate scope bandwidth

The third step is to determine the oscilloscope bandwidth required to measure this signal based on your desired degree of accuracy when measuring rise times and fall times Table 2 shows multiplying factors for various degrees of accuracy for scopes with a Gaussian frequency response

Example

Letrsquos now walk through this simple example

If the signal has an approximate risefall time of 1 ns (based on a 10 to 90 criteria) then the maximum practical frequency component (fknee) in the signal would be approximately 500 MHz

If you are able tolerate up to 20 timing errors when making parametric rise time and fall time measurements on your signals then you could use a 500 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope for your digital measurement applications But if you need timing accuracy in the range of 3 then a scope with 1 GHz bandwidth would be the better choice

Table 2 Multiplying factors to calculate required scope bandwidth based on desired accuracy

Required Accuracy Require Band wid th

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

Determine the minimum required band wid th of an oscilloscope with an approximate Gaussian frequency response to measure a 1 ns rise time (10-90)

fknee = 051 ns = 500 MHz

Letrsquos now make some measurements on a digital clock signal with characteristics similar to this example using various bandwidth scopes

20 timing accuracyScope band wid th = 10 x 500 MHz = 500 MHz

3 timing accuracy Scope band wid th = 19 x 500 MHz = 950 MHz

Digital Clock Measurement Comparisons

Figure 35 shows the waveform results when measuring a 100 MHz digital clock signal with fast edge speeds using a 100 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope As you can see this scope primarily just passes through the 100 MHz fundamental of this clock signal thus representing our clock signal as an approximate sine wave A 100 MHz scope may be a good solution for many 8-bit MCU-based designs with clock rates in the 10 MHz to 20 MHz range but 100 MHz bandwidth is clearly insufficient for this 100 MHz digital clock signal

Using a 500 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope Figure 36 shows that this scope is able to capture up to the fifth harmonic which was our first rule of thumb recommendation But when we measure the rise time we see that the scope measures approximately 750 ps In this case the scope is not making a very accurate measurement on the rise time of this signal The scope is actually measuring something closer to its own rise time (700 ps) not the input signalrsquos rise time which is closer to 500 ps We need a higher-bandwidth scope for this digital measurement application if timing measurements are important

Figure 35 100 MHz digital clock signal captured on a 100 MHz bandwidth scope

When we use a 1 GHz bandwidth scope to capture this 100 MHz digital clock the result is that we now have a much more accurate picture of this signal as shown in Figure 37 We can measure faster rise and fall times we observe less overshoot and we can even observe subtle reflections that the lower bandwidth scope masked

This tutorial on oscilloscope bandwidth focused on oscilloscopes that exhibit a Gaussian frequency response which is typical of scopes that have bandwidth specifications of 1 GHz and below Many higher bandwidth oscilloscopes exhibit a frequency response that has a sharper roll-off characteristic With this type of frequency response in-band frequencies (frequencies below the -3 dB frequency) are attenuated less while out-of-band frequencies (frequencies above the -3 dB frequency) are suppressed to a higher degree This type of frequency response which begins to approximate an ideal ldquobrick-wallrdquo filter is sometimes called a ldquomaximally-flatrdquo frequency response The formulas for computing required oscilloscope bandwidth on these higher bandwidth scopes (gt 1 GHz) are different than what was presented in this tutorial guide If you would like to learn more about oscilloscope bandwidth you can download Keysightrsquos application note title ldquoEvaluating Oscilloscope Bandwidths for your Applicationrdquo This publication is listed in the ldquoRelated Literaturerdquo section of this document with instructions on how to download

1 High-Speed Digital Design A Handbook of Black Magic Howard Johnson Martin Graham 1993 Prentice Hall PTD Prentice-Hall Inc Upper Saddle River New Jersey 07458

Figure 37 100 MHz digital clock signal captured on a 1 GHz bandwidth scope

acquisition memory block 57ADC block 54adjustment probe compensation 34amplifier block 55analog applications required

bandwidth 62analog scopes 7analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) 54attenuation factor probe 10attenuator block 55AUTO message 26

bandwidth oscilloscope 59block diagram oscilloscope 54brick-wall filter 68

comma separated values 41compensation capacitance 35compensation probe 32cursors 19

DC offset block 55delayed timebase 48differential active probe 9digital applications required

bandwidth 63digital clock measurement

comparisons 66digital storage oscilloscope 7 54Display DSP block 57division counting 22DSO 7 54dynamic range 10

electrical model of a 101 passive probe 9

Entry control knob 14

factory preset configuration 17fastest edge speeds 63fine adjustment 17frequency 19

gated measurements 48Gaussian frequency response 60 68ground level 19

Horizontal controls 12

inherentparasitic capacitance 32introduction 3

knee frequency 63

literature related Keysight 52loading capacitance 37

main timebase 48maximally-flat frequency response 68

Note to the EEPhysics Professor 4

oscilloscope 7

oscilloscope bandwidth 59oscilloscope bandwidth required 64oscilloscope probing 9

parasitic capacitances 32passive 10

1 voltage probes 9peak-to-peak voltage level 19period 19practical frequency component 63probe attenuation factor 10probe attenuation factors 17Probe Comp terminals 16probe compensation 33probe loading 36probing oscilloscope 9pulse width 19

reference waveforms 40required bandwidth for analog

applications 62required bandwidth for digital

applications 63rise time specification oscilloscope 60

selective measurements 48softkeys 14sweep mode 27

timebase block 56trigger comparator and trigger logic

blocks 56trigger level controlknob 13trigger mode 27Triggered sweep mode 28triggering 24

vernier 17Vertical controls 12voltage divider network 43

Wait message 28waveform math 43

zoom display 48

This information is subject to change without notice

copy Keysight Technologies Inc 2008-2012

Available in electronic format onlyMay 2012

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started




Figure 3 Simplified schematic of a passive 101 probe connected to the scopersquos 1 MW input impedance






Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs



















Probe Loading















Summary


Oscilloscope Block Diagram and Theory of Operation

DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block

Oscilloscope Bandwidth Tutorial






Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Noticescopy Keysight Technologies Inc 2008-2012

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including elec-tronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agree-ment and written consent from Keysight Technologies Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws

Manual Part Number54136-97000

Ed itionMay 2012

Printed in Available in electronic format only

Published byKeysight Technologies Inc1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs CO 80907 USA

Warranty

The material contained in this docu-ment is provided ldquoas isrdquo and is subject to being changed without notice in future ed itions Further to the maxi-mum extent permitted by applicable law Keysight d isclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein includ ing but not l imited to the implied warranties of merchantabil ity and fitness for a par-ticular purpose Keysight shall not be l iable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing use or perfor-mance of this document or of any infor-mation contained herein Should Keysight and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that confl ict with these terms the war-ranty terms in the separate agreement shall control

Technology Licenses The hardware andor software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accor-dance with the terms of such license

Restricted Rights LegendIf software is for use in the performance of a US Government prime contract or subcon-tract Software is delivered and licensed as ldquoCommercial computer softwarerdquo as defined in DFAR 252227-7014 (June 1995) or as a ldquocommercial itemrdquo as defined in FAR

2101(a) or as ldquoRestricted computer soft-warerdquo as defined in FAR 52227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause Use duplication or disclo-sure of Software is subject to Keysight Tech-nologiesrsquo standard commercial license terms and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the US Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987) US Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR 252227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995) as applicable in any technical data

Safety Notices

CAUTION

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAU-TION notice until the indicated con-ditions are fully understood and met

WARNING

A WARNING notice denotes a haz-ard It calls attention to an operat-ing procedure practice or the l ike that if not correctly performed or adhered to could resul t in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the ind icated cond itions are fully understood and met

Sincerely

1 Getting Started

3 Summary

ADC Block 54

Attenuator Block 55

DC Offset Block 55

Amplifier Block 55

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Sincerely

1 Getting Started

3 Summary

ADC Block 54

Attenuator Block 55

DC Offset Block 55

Amplifier Block 55

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Sincerely

1 Getting Started

3 Summary

ADC Block 54

Attenuator Block 55

DC Offset Block 55

Amplifier Block 55

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

3 Summary

ADC Block 54

Attenuator Block 55

DC Offset Block 55

Amplifier Block 55

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Getting Started 1

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

1 Getting Started

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

PW = _____________

T = _____________

F = _____________

Vp-p = _____________

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

ΔX = _____________

1ΔX = _____________

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Bottom (CurA) = _____________

Top (CurB) = _____________

Vpp (ΔY) = _____________

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Trigger Point

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Trigger Level

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

R tip = 9 MΩ

R scope = 1 MΩ

C scope = 15 pF

C cable = 100 pF

C tip = 15 pF

C comp =

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

parallel

C comp = _______

Probe Loading

1Rtip Ctiptimes------------------------- 1

12πfCtip------------------- 9 1

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

2πfC------------- 1

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

36 Press Import

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Math Waveform

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

FFT Waveform

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

F1 = _____________

F3 = _____________

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

3 Summary

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

DSO Block Diagram

ADC Block

DisplayDSP

Scope Display

AcquistionMemory

CPUSystem

TimebaseSystem

TriggerLogic

TriggerCoupling

Trig Comp

InputBNC

DCOffset

DC TriggerLevel

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Display DSP Block

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Rule of Thumb

fBW gt= 5 x fclk

fknee = 05RT (10 90)

fknee = 04RT (20 80)

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Example

20 fBW = 10 x fknee

10 fBW = 13 x fknee

3 fBW = 19 x fknee

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

knee frequency 63

oscilloscope 7

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

zoom display 48

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

54136-9700054136-97000wwwkeysightcom

Contents

Getting Started





























Probe Loading















Summary



DSO Block Diagram


ADC Block

Attenuator Block

DC Offset Block

Amplifier Block



Display DSP Block







Rule of Thumb




Example





Index

Documents

DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educator’s Training Resourcesliterature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/54136-97000.pdf · DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educator’s Training Lab Guide and Tutorial 9 Oscilloscope