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Diaphragm Aperture Sensor Shutter DSLR components: DSLR vs. mirrorless:

DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

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Page 1: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Diaphragm

Aperture

Sensor

Shutter

DSLR components:

DSLR vs.mirrorless:

Page 2: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Near focus Far focus

Page 3: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Wide-angle “short” lens (~15 mm) Telephoto “long” lens (~500 mm)

Lens focal length:

Page 4: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Why exposure matters:

Orig. subject:

Under

Correct

Too light

Over

Photo:

Page 5: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Dynamic range: the range of light intensities the sensor can record in a single shot, from deep shadows to bright highlights. Typically about 1000-fold.

If the dynamic range of a scene exceeds that of the sensor, information will be lost.

Exposure latitude: Forgiveness for over/under-exposure.

Amadiya, Iraq (Mark Edward Harris, NY Times)

Page 6: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

= sensitivity

Page 7: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

(B)1”1/21/41/81/151/301/601/1251/2501/5001/1000

Fast(less exposure)

Slow(more exposure)

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Page 8: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

1/1000” f/2 1/15” f/16

Fast shutter freezes motion: Slow shutter causes motion blur:

Page 9: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Naoya Hatakeyama, Blast 0320, 1995

Page 10: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Ralph Eugene Meatyard, Child as a Bird, ca. 1960

Page 11: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Handheld camera + slow shutter speed (>1/60) = camera shake.

Shomei Tomatsu. Untitled (Kadena, Okinawa), 1969

Page 12: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

f/1.4 - “wide open” f/16- “stopped down”

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Page 13: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

22161185.642.821.4f/:

Wide(more exposure)

Narrow(less exposure)

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Page 14: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

f/11 1” f/2 1/30”

Aperture influences depth of field:

Page 15: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Walker Evans, Bethlehem (PA) Graveyard and Steel Mill, 1935

Page 16: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Robert Frank, Movie Premiere - Hollywood, 1955-56

Page 17: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Reciprocity:

- Large aperture (small f-number)

- Slow shutter speedg More exposure

22161185.642.821.4f/:

* Example: If your original

shutter speed was 1/60 sec,

what new shutter speed

would you set to compensate

for this change in aperture?

Any change in aperture can be offset by a compensatory change in shutter speed to yield the same total exposure.

160

11000

1500

1125

130

115

18

14

1250

Page 18: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Reciprocity:

- Large aperture (small f-number)

- Slow shutter speedg More exposure

22161185.642.821.4f/:

* Example: If your original

shutter speed was 1/60 sec,

what new shutter speed

would you set to compensate

for this change in aperture?

Any change in aperture can be offset by a compensatory change in shutter speed to yield the same total exposure.

160

11000

1500

1125

130

115

18

14

1250

Answer:

Page 19: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

EXP. TIME

APERTU

RE

Correct exposure

Less exposure

More exposure

Fast SlowSHUTTER SPEED

Reciprocity (graphic version):

Page 20: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

(etc.)1600800400200100

Less sensitive(more exposure needed)

More sensitive(less exposure needed)

3200

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

ISO controls the light-sensitivity of the sensor:

Page 21: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

EXP. TIME

APERTU

RE

Correct exposure

Less exposure

More exposure

Fast SlowSHUTTER SPEED

What happens to this graph when you increase ISO???:

Page 22: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Noise is evident at high ISO, especially in dark areas:

ISO 100 ISO 3200

Page 23: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Rule of thumb for ISO:

Set ISO to the lowest value that will allow you to set

aperture and shutter speed to achieve your desired

amounts of motion blur (or sharpness) and depth of field,

given the particular subject.

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Page 24: DSLR components · 2018. 9. 8. · - Large aperture (small f-number) - Slow shutter speed g More exposure f/: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 * Example: If your original shutter speed

Basic camera settings:

In the shooting menu, set image quality to RAW or RAW+JPEG.

On the mode dial, set exposure mode to M (Manual).

On the lens and/or camera body, set focus mode to M (manual).

Set ISO to its lowest value (outdoors) or about 800 (indoors).

Choose a combination of aperture and shutter speed that givescorrect exposure according to your light meter.