Upload
others
View
7
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Diaphragm
Aperture
Sensor
Shutter
DSLR components:
DSLR vs.mirrorless:
Near focus Far focus
Wide-angle “short” lens (~15 mm) Telephoto “long” lens (~500 mm)
Lens focal length:
Why exposure matters:
Orig. subject:
Under
Correct
Too light
Over
Photo:
Dynamic range: the range of light intensities the sensor can record in a single shot, from deep shadows to bright highlights. Typically about 1000-fold.
If the dynamic range of a scene exceeds that of the sensor, information will be lost.
Exposure latitude: Forgiveness for over/under-exposure.
Amadiya, Iraq (Mark Edward Harris, NY Times)
= sensitivity
(B)1”1/21/41/81/151/301/601/1251/2501/5001/1000
Fast(less exposure)
Slow(more exposure)
ISO
Aperture Shutter Speed
1/1000” f/2 1/15” f/16
Fast shutter freezes motion: Slow shutter causes motion blur:
Naoya Hatakeyama, Blast 0320, 1995
Ralph Eugene Meatyard, Child as a Bird, ca. 1960
Handheld camera + slow shutter speed (>1/60) = camera shake.
Shomei Tomatsu. Untitled (Kadena, Okinawa), 1969
f/1.4 - “wide open” f/16- “stopped down”
ISO
Aperture Shutter Speed
22161185.642.821.4f/:
Wide(more exposure)
Narrow(less exposure)
ISO
Aperture Shutter Speed
f/11 1” f/2 1/30”
Aperture influences depth of field:
Walker Evans, Bethlehem (PA) Graveyard and Steel Mill, 1935
Robert Frank, Movie Premiere - Hollywood, 1955-56
Reciprocity:
- Large aperture (small f-number)
- Slow shutter speedg More exposure
22161185.642.821.4f/:
* Example: If your original
shutter speed was 1/60 sec,
what new shutter speed
would you set to compensate
for this change in aperture?
Any change in aperture can be offset by a compensatory change in shutter speed to yield the same total exposure.
160
11000
1500
1125
130
115
18
14
1250
Reciprocity:
- Large aperture (small f-number)
- Slow shutter speedg More exposure
22161185.642.821.4f/:
* Example: If your original
shutter speed was 1/60 sec,
what new shutter speed
would you set to compensate
for this change in aperture?
Any change in aperture can be offset by a compensatory change in shutter speed to yield the same total exposure.
160
11000
1500
1125
130
115
18
14
1250
Answer:
EXP. TIME
APERTU
RE
Correct exposure
Less exposure
More exposure
Fast SlowSHUTTER SPEED
Reciprocity (graphic version):
(etc.)1600800400200100
Less sensitive(more exposure needed)
More sensitive(less exposure needed)
3200
ISO
Aperture Shutter Speed
ISO controls the light-sensitivity of the sensor:
EXP. TIME
APERTU
RE
Correct exposure
Less exposure
More exposure
Fast SlowSHUTTER SPEED
What happens to this graph when you increase ISO???:
ISO
Aperture Shutter Speed
Noise is evident at high ISO, especially in dark areas:
ISO 100 ISO 3200
Rule of thumb for ISO:
Set ISO to the lowest value that will allow you to set
aperture and shutter speed to achieve your desired
amounts of motion blur (or sharpness) and depth of field,
given the particular subject.
ISO
Aperture Shutter Speed
Basic camera settings:
In the shooting menu, set image quality to RAW or RAW+JPEG.
On the mode dial, set exposure mode to M (Manual).
On the lens and/or camera body, set focus mode to M (manual).
Set ISO to its lowest value (outdoors) or about 800 (indoors).
Choose a combination of aperture and shutter speed that givescorrect exposure according to your light meter.