Drying 06 Williamson

7/25/2019 Drying 06 Williamson

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BOILER DESIGN

and

EFFICIENCY

BOILER DESIGN

and

EFFICIENCY

Lou Roussinos, PE

Principal -TFM Consultants International

Senior Energy Advisor for Energy Advantage Inc.


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The purpose of this presentation isto briefly discuss some of the

basics of boiler designs and some

of the possibilities available to drykiln operations for drying lumber.


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First some historical data

The very first boiler known tohave been constructed hasbeen attributed to the

greatest ancient engineer of

his time, Hero of Alexandriawho was the teacher and

mentor for many of the best

known minds of that era.

X1 = (Xi + N/Xi)/2


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IT WAS ALMOST 16

CENTURIES LATER

WHEN SIMPLEGLOBULAR TYPE

BOILERS WERE BUILT

TO PRODUCE LOW

PRESSURE STEAM TO

POWER PUMPS


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THE UNDERSTANDING THAT MORE HEATING SURFACE AREAWAS REQUIRED FOR MORE HORSEPOWER LED TO

DIFFERENT DESIGNS BEING PUT INTO WORK.MANY WITH CATASTROPHIC RESULTS.

FEEDWATER IN

STEAM OUT

CHIMNEY

BRICKWORK

FUEL


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MOST OF THE FIRST BOILERS USED IN INDUSTRIAL SETTINGS WERESIMPLE CYLINDRICAL DRUM- LIKE CONTAINERS THAT WEREBUILT BY RIVETING ROLLED STEEL PLATES.

EVENTUALLY A DRUM IN A DRUM WAS DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO

DEAL WITH INCREASED HORSEPOWER NEEDS.


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THE RESULT WAS THAT BY 1875 A STANDARD DESIGN WASDEVELOPED WHICH INCORPORATED TUBES WHICH WERESECURED ON TO THE TWO END PLATES (TUBESHEETS) AND

THROUGH WHICH THE FLUE GASES FROM THE COMBUSTIONPASSED ON THEIR WAY TO THE CHIMNEY.


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"A Catastophic Result" 8


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HISTORYAND BOILER DESIGN


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BY TYPE OF DESIGN

FIRETUBE BOILERS

WATER TUBE BOILERS

MODULAR BOILERSCOIL TUBE BOILERS

CAST IRON BOILERS

BOILER TYPES


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BY TYPE OF SERVICE

STEAM PROCESS AND HEATING HOT WATER HEATING

POWER GENERATION

PETROCHEMICAL

CHEMICAL RECOVERY

NUCLEAR

OTHERS


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LOW PRESSURE STEAM - 15PSIG MAXIMUM

HIGH PRESSURE STEAM - ABOVE 15 PSIG ANDUP TO 4,500 PSIG

LOW PRESSURE HOT WATER - UP TO 160 PSIG &

2560F

HIGH PRESSURE HOT WATER ANY BOILERTHAT EXCEEDS THE PRESSURE OR THE

TEMPERATURE OF THE LOW PRESSURE HOT

WATER TYPE.

BY TYPE OF PRESSURE


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FIRETUBE DESIGN

In the beginning they were simple drums sitting on top of fire.


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Newer boilers were designed with internal

furnaces and tubes to increase the capacity.

They were designed to burn coal or wood and

eventually oil and gas.


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Some units were designed with 3 passes


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And some were designed to have 4 or more passes of

flues gas through the boiler.


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A 4 pass design


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Tubes are surrounded by the water in the boiler.


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INDUSTRY NEEDS HIGHERCAPACITY BOILERS

As the industry requirements grew so did the size of

boilers. Unfortunately firetube boilers have limited

size due to design factors that are nearly impossible

to overcome.

New ways had to be found and the watertube design

which had been in existence for many years already

became the ready solution. Watertube boilersbecause of their design can be build to nearly any

size and capacity.


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One of the first was in 1867 when B&W produced a

combination Firetube/watertube design with much success.

M&B operated such boilers in Vancouver until 1979!!!


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STANDARDWATERTUBE

DESIGNS

A TYPE

O TYPE

D TYPE


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Two drum D design a standard in the

industry for many years.


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A three drum boiler

by Sterling

equipped with air pre-

heater, economizerand a convection

superheater to

improve efficiency

and provide dryer

steam to turbines and

engines.


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The result of newwatertube designs has been

not only the unlimited

capacity but the improved

efficiency of the design for

a number of reasons.

Primarily the furnaces can

be designed to producebetter combustion

efficiencies and secondary

the internal configuration

provides for superior

water circulation and heat

absorption.


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ADVANTAGES OFWATERTUBE BOILERS

MORE EFFICIENTSAFER

NO STAYS NO FLAT SURFACES

CLEAN AS YOU GO (soot blowers)

ANY SIZE

SUPERHEAT STEAM

FLUID BED DESIGN


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Modular boilers have been a welcome design to smaller

operations where the need for capacity varies constantly.


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Cast iron boilers provide excellent results for

small commercial facilities.


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And some cast iron boilers provide excellent opportunities for

medium sized commercial and for small industrial facilities.


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Watertube is the futureWatertube boilers

have become thestandard inalmost any newfacility no materwhat theindustry.

No matter who

themanufacturer!


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WHY WATERTUBE?Unlimited options for

capacity from very smallto immense in size,tube flexibility, smallervolumes of water (incomparison with samecapacity of firetube)and better circulation ofthe water in the boilerare guaranteed.

Smaller footprint savesmoney and space.


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THERE IS NO POINT IN HAVING AN ELEPHANT IN YOUR PLANT.

GET A WATERTUBE DESIGN AND SAVE MONEY!!


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ANY QUESTIONS ?

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