Dr.V.Anil KumarCPIGD,ISEC

The changes we are going through:Rapid economic growthDemographic revolutionRapid educational revolutionRapid urbanizationRapid social changeIncreasing inequalityExploding economic expectationsExploding expectations for social mobilityExploding political expectationsFinally because of the nature of government: neo-liberal and conservative.

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Previously 7 – 8 percentAround 6 percent growth rate now.Increasing stress on the environmentThe resource rich areas have Maoist-armed struggle : Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and Odisha

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Roughly 50 percent of the population is youthAbout 600 million between 16 – 40 age groupThey have exploding expectations

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Rapid increase in literacy and rapid increase in school enrolmentHigher education is low primary, secondary enrolment is higher

Leads to educational infrastructure bursting at the seams

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The metropolitan pullRapid rise of small towns, Census townsIncreasing problems of migration, urban housing, urban sanitation and all other urban issues including urban law and order

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Changing nature of the familyIncreasing economic impact on familial relationshipsChanging nature of caste relationsChanging nature of gender relationsSexual revolution

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Economic growth generates aspirations among all classes of the societyAll classes are looking for better standards of lifeIncreasing discontents Employment growth not commensurate with economic growthJob - less growth

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Increasing economic inequalityInequality is a relative conceptRapid economic growth leads to inequality among classes, communities and individuals Rapid rise of inequality between city and country-sideRapid rise of disparities between regions

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Expectations of social mobility from lower castesExpectations of social mobility from women across the societyExpectations of the social mobility from all other marginal communities and ethnic groups

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Indian states want more freedom from the centreEthnic communities want more recognition and better accommodationClamour for small states and restructuring federalismProverbial Indian diversity poses renewed challenges

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Majority government Weak oppositionHindu-conservatismNeo-liberal governmentFading out of the social democrats from the polity

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These reasons make us pause, and ask: CAN INDIAN STATE ENSURE SOCIAL COHESION FROM NOW ON ?

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Understanding this India requires what De Tocqueville asked for: A NEW SOCIOLOGY AND A NEW POLITICAL SCIENCE Nothing less.

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