Drug UnitDrug UnitDrug UnitDrug Unit

Health EducationHealth Education

Why do we use drugs?Why do we use drugs?

Escape problemsEscape problems

Get things doneGet things done

Sense of belonging to a groupSense of belonging to a group

ExperimentationExperimentation

Definitions for Drug UnitDefinitions for Drug Unit

Drug - Drug - a substance that causes a physical, mental or a substance that causes a physical, mental or emotional change in a personemotional change in a person

Drug misuse - Drug misuse - the improper use of a drugthe improper use of a drug Drug abuse - Drug abuse - takes a legal drug for non-medical takes a legal drug for non-medical

reason or illegal drug for any reasonreason or illegal drug for any reason Addiction:Addiction:

A condition in which the body relies on a given drug to help it A condition in which the body relies on a given drug to help it function.function.

common withdrawal symptoms: cramps, nausea, trembling, sweatingcommon withdrawal symptoms: cramps, nausea, trembling, sweating

Physical Addiction - Physical Addiction - the body has a need for the the body has a need for the drug and experiences withdrawal symptomsdrug and experiences withdrawal symptoms

Psychological Addiction - Psychological Addiction - your body thinks you your body thinks you need the drug.need the drug.

Definitions cont.Definitions cont.

Psychoactive Effect - Psychoactive Effect - affects a person’s affects a person’s mind, mood or behaviormind, mood or behavior

Hallucinogens - Hallucinogens - a drug that causes a drug that causes flashbacks, or altered state of perceptionflashbacks, or altered state of perception

Drug Terms (continued)Drug Terms (continued)Drug Terms (continued)Drug Terms (continued)StimulantStimulant

A drug that speeds up the body functions.A drug that speeds up the body functions. Caffeine/Cocaine are examples.Caffeine/Cocaine are examples.

Analgesic:Analgesic:A drug that relieves pain A drug that relieves pain and reduce swelling. and reduce swelling. Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Ibuprofen are Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Ibuprofen are

examples.examples.Sedatives/Depressant:Sedatives/Depressant:

A drug that slows down body functioning A drug that slows down body functioning and causes sleepiness.and causes sleepiness.

NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters

Serotonin- Serotonin- memory, emotion, wakefulness, sleep and memory, emotion, wakefulness, sleep and temperature regulationtemperature regulation

Dopamine- Dopamine- pleasure, wanting, voluntary movement pleasure, wanting, voluntary movement and motivationand motivationSome drugs release too much dopamine, thus Some drugs release too much dopamine, thus

causing hallucinationscausing hallucinations

How Drugs Enter the BodyHow Drugs Enter the BodyHow Drugs Enter the BodyHow Drugs Enter the Body Inhaled (asthmatic medications/illegal drugs)Inhaled (asthmatic medications/illegal drugs)

Absorption (patches, suppository, ointments)Absorption (patches, suppository, ointments) Implantation – placed under skinImplantation – placed under skin By mouth - swallowingBy mouth - swallowing Injected Drugs (into a muscle or vein)Injected Drugs (into a muscle or vein)

CategoriesCategoriesCategoriesCategoriesThere are seven categories a drug can There are seven categories a drug can

be placed under:be placed under:Natural Remedies (Herb's)Natural Remedies (Herb's)OTC Drugs (aspirin and cough medicines)OTC Drugs (aspirin and cough medicines)Prescription Drugs (usually more powerful)Prescription Drugs (usually more powerful)Tobacco Products (cigars, snuff, cigarettes)Tobacco Products (cigars, snuff, cigarettes)Alcohol (beer, wine, distilled spirits)Alcohol (beer, wine, distilled spirits) Illegal Drugs (marijuana, cocaine, heroin)Illegal Drugs (marijuana, cocaine, heroin)Unrecognized Drugs (caffeine/inhalants)Unrecognized Drugs (caffeine/inhalants)

Drug ScheduleDrug Schedule

Classified according to:Classified according to:How medically usefulHow medically usefulHow safeHow safeHow addictiveHow addictive

5 schedules (categories)5 schedules (categories)

Drug SchedulesDrug Schedules

Schedule ISchedule I High potential for abuseHigh potential for abuse No current medical use in treatment in U.S.No current medical use in treatment in U.S. Lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or substance under Lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or substance under

medical supervisionmedical supervision Examples: ecstasy, heroin, marijuana, peyote, mescaline, psilocybin, Examples: ecstasy, heroin, marijuana, peyote, mescaline, psilocybin,

LSDLSD

Schedule IISchedule II High potential for abuseHigh potential for abuse A current medical use in treatment in U.S. with restrictionsA current medical use in treatment in U.S. with restrictions Abuse of drug may lead to severe psychological and physical Abuse of drug may lead to severe psychological and physical

dependencedependence Examples: cocaine, PCP, morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, codeine, Examples: cocaine, PCP, morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, codeine,

amphetamine, methamphetamine, Ritalinamphetamine, methamphetamine, Ritalin

Schedule IIISchedule III A potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in A potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in

Schedules I and IISchedules I and II A currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S.A currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S. Abuse of drug may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or Abuse of drug may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or

high psychological dependencehigh psychological dependence Examples: ketamine, anabolic steroids, some barbituratesExamples: ketamine, anabolic steroids, some barbiturates

Schedule IVSchedule IV A low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances A low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances

in Schedule IIIin Schedule III A currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S.A currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S. Abuse of drug may lead to limited physical dependence or Abuse of drug may lead to limited physical dependence or

psychological dependence relative to schedule IIIpsychological dependence relative to schedule III Examples: Valium, Xanax, and some barbituratesExamples: Valium, Xanax, and some barbiturates

Schedule VSchedule V A low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in A low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in

Schedule IVSchedule IV A currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S.A currently accepted medical use in treatment in U.S. Abuse of drug may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological Abuse of drug may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological

dependence relative to schedule IVdependence relative to schedule IV Example: Codeine cough syrupExample: Codeine cough syrup

Prescription DrugsPrescription Drugs

Need physicians signature to receiveNeed physicians signature to receive More powerful More powerful Dose – the correct amount to be taken at one Dose – the correct amount to be taken at one

timetime Be sure to finish the entire prescriptionBe sure to finish the entire prescription

Three names:Three names:Generic Generic Brand nameBrand nameChemical nameChemical name

Understanding Drug LabelsUnderstanding Drug Labels

Includes all the information on the labelsIncludes all the information on the labels Dose, Warnings, Doctors Name, Expiration Date, Dose, Warnings, Doctors Name, Expiration Date,

Name of drug, Your Name, Date Prescription was Name of drug, Your Name, Date Prescription was filled, Refill Informationfilled, Refill Information

Additional information that the doctor should knowAdditional information that the doctor should know What drugs are you allergic toWhat drugs are you allergic to Medications that you take on a regular basisMedications that you take on a regular basis Physical conditions (pregnant or breast feeding)Physical conditions (pregnant or breast feeding)

Average doctor writes 8,000 prescriptions each yearAverage doctor writes 8,000 prescriptions each year

Drugs that are AbusedDrugs that are AbusedDrugs that are AbusedDrugs that are Abused

Stimulants:Stimulants:Speeds up the body processes; cause Speeds up the body processes; cause

alertness.alertness.Caffeine:Caffeine:

Found in colas, coffee, tea, and some OTC Found in colas, coffee, tea, and some OTC drugs.drugs.

Effect takes place within 30 minutes.Effect takes place within 30 minutes.Evidence shows caffeine can lead to tolerance.Evidence shows caffeine can lead to tolerance.Withdrawal symptoms include headache, Withdrawal symptoms include headache,

irritability, drowsiness, and anxiety.irritability, drowsiness, and anxiety.

Cocaine/CrackCocaine/Crack Cocaine/CrackCocaine/Crack

StimulantStimulant Sniffed, injected, or smoked.Sniffed, injected, or smoked. Smoking or injecting allows higher doses to reach Smoking or injecting allows higher doses to reach

the brain faster verse sniffing.the brain faster verse sniffing. Produces a state of euphoria (interferes with the Produces a state of euphoria (interferes with the

neurotransmitter dopamine--causes pleasure).neurotransmitter dopamine--causes pleasure). Euphoric feeling lasts between 20 min.- hoursEuphoric feeling lasts between 20 min.- hours Following the high-- irritability, anxiety, and Following the high-- irritability, anxiety, and

exhaustion set in. This is why users repeat using exhaustion set in. This is why users repeat using the drug over and over again.the drug over and over again.

Crack/Cocaine Crack/Cocaine Crack/Cocaine Crack/Cocaine Causes for Concern:Causes for Concern:

Physical and psychological addictionPhysical and psychological addiction Withdrawal effects include:Withdrawal effects include:

Intense and constant craving for the drug.Intense and constant craving for the drug. Severe loss of energy, depression, and anxiety.Severe loss of energy, depression, and anxiety. May lead to a psychological dependence.May lead to a psychological dependence. Lead to heart attacks (causes blood vessels to constrict).Lead to heart attacks (causes blood vessels to constrict). Lead to strokes (causes blood vessels to rupture).Lead to strokes (causes blood vessels to rupture).

First time users have had heart attacks/strokesFirst time users have had heart attacks/strokes..

Street NamesStreet Names::Coke, snow, rock, crack, uptownCoke, snow, rock, crack, uptown

Amphetamine (Stimulant)Amphetamine (Stimulant)Amphetamine (Stimulant)Amphetamine (Stimulant)

AmphetaminesAmphetamines:: Synthetic drugs (made in labs).Synthetic drugs (made in labs). Medical uses include neurological disorders and life Medical uses include neurological disorders and life

threatening obesity cases.threatening obesity cases. Ice is an illegal amphetamine that can cause:Ice is an illegal amphetamine that can cause:

Tolerance, Psychological dependence, and addiction.Tolerance, Psychological dependence, and addiction. Dilated pupils, short attention span, and extreme Dilated pupils, short attention span, and extreme

talkativeness.talkativeness. Ice stays in your body for a very long time (several hours).Ice stays in your body for a very long time (several hours).

MethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetamines Methamphetamine is Methamphetamine is

closely related chemically closely related chemically to amphetamine, but the to amphetamine, but the central nervous system central nervous system effects of effects of methamphetamine are methamphetamine are greater. greater.

Both drugs have some Both drugs have some medical uses, primarily in medical uses, primarily in the treatment of obesity, the treatment of obesity, but their therapeutic use but their therapeutic use is limited.is limited.

MethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesStreet methamphetamine is referred to by Street methamphetamine is referred to by

many names, such as:many names, such as: "speed," "meth," and "chalk." "speed," "meth," and "chalk."

Methamphetamine hydrochloride, clear Methamphetamine hydrochloride, clear chunky crystals resembling ice, which can chunky crystals resembling ice, which can be inhaled by smoking, is referred to as be inhaled by smoking, is referred to as "ice," "crystal," and "glass.""ice," "crystal," and "glass."

MethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetamines

Methamphetamine is taken orally or snorted, by Methamphetamine is taken orally or snorted, by intravenous injection, and by smoking.intravenous injection, and by smoking.

High can last 6-12 hoursHigh can last 6-12 hours

Immediately after smoking or intravenous injection, the Immediately after smoking or intravenous injection, the methamphetamine user experiences an intense sensation, methamphetamine user experiences an intense sensation, called a "rush" or "flash," that lasts only a few minutes and is called a "rush" or "flash," that lasts only a few minutes and is

described as extremely pleasurabledescribed as extremely pleasurable. .

MethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetaminesMethamphetamines

Oral or intranasal use produces euphoria - a Oral or intranasal use produces euphoria - a high, but not a rush (3-5 min. later). Users high, but not a rush (3-5 min. later). Users may become addicted quickly, and use it with may become addicted quickly, and use it with increasing frequency and in increasing doses. increasing frequency and in increasing doses.

Oral ingestion produces the same effects Oral ingestion produces the same effects (within 20 min).(within 20 min).

Other effects of methamphetamine include Other effects of methamphetamine include respiratory problems, irregular heartbeat, and respiratory problems, irregular heartbeat, and extreme anorexia. Its use can result in extreme anorexia. Its use can result in cardiovascular collapse and death.cardiovascular collapse and death.

Noticeable Effects:Noticeable Effects: Loss of appetite, sleeplessness, performing Loss of appetite, sleeplessness, performing

repeatedly & meaningless tasks, dilated pupils, repeatedly & meaningless tasks, dilated pupils, elevated body temperature, sweating, nausea, elevated body temperature, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, bad breathvomiting, diarrhea, tremors, bad breath

Chronic use can cause:Chronic use can cause: Anxiety, insomnia, confusion, delusions, auditory Anxiety, insomnia, confusion, delusions, auditory

hallucinations, paranoia, & violent behaviorhallucinations, paranoia, & violent behavior

““Tweaking”Tweaking” Dangerous stage of meth abuse that occurs when an Dangerous stage of meth abuse that occurs when an

abuser who has not slept for 3-15 days becomes abuser who has not slept for 3-15 days becomes irritable and paranoidirritable and paranoid

Withdrawal Symptoms:Withdrawal Symptoms:Depression, anxiety, fatigue, paranoia, Depression, anxiety, fatigue, paranoia,

aggression, and intense cravings for the drugaggression, and intense cravings for the drug

Crystalmeth StagesCrystalmeth Stages4 yrs. using4 yrs. using

Meth MouthMeth Mouth

MarijuanaMarijuanaMarijuanaMarijuana

Marijuana is a green or gray mixture of dried, Marijuana is a green or gray mixture of dried, shredded flowers and leaves of the hemp plant shredded flowers and leaves of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Cannabis sativa.

There are over 200 slang terms for marijuana There are over 200 slang terms for marijuana including "pot," "herb," "weed," "boom,“including "pot," "herb," "weed," "boom,“

"Mary Jane," "gangster," and "chronic“"Mary Jane," "gangster," and "chronic“

Category can change from person to person: Category can change from person to person: depressant, hallucinogen, stimulantdepressant, hallucinogen, stimulant

Marijuana:Marijuana: Route of Administration Route of AdministrationMarijuana:Marijuana: Route of Administration Route of Administration

It is usually smoked as a cigarette It is usually smoked as a cigarette (called a joint) or in a pipe or bong. (called a joint) or in a pipe or bong.

Marijuana has also appeared in blunts, Marijuana has also appeared in blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied which are cigars that have been emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, often in combination with another drug, often in combination with another drug, such as Crack or PCP such as Crack or PCP

Some users also mix marijuana into Some users also mix marijuana into foods or use it to brew tea.foods or use it to brew tea.

Marijuana:Marijuana:Marijuana:Marijuana:

The main active chemical in marijuana is The main active chemical in marijuana is THCTHC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol).

The short term effects of marijuana use The short term effects of marijuana use include problems with memory and include problems with memory and learning; distorted perception; difficulty in learning; distorted perception; difficulty in thinking and problem-solving; loss of thinking and problem-solving; loss of coordination; and increased heart rate, coordination; and increased heart rate, anxiety, and panic attacks.anxiety, and panic attacks.

Marijuana:Marijuana:Marijuana:Marijuana:THC changes the way in which sensory THC changes the way in which sensory

information gets into and is processed information gets into and is processed by the brain.by the brain.

Regardless of the THC content, the Regardless of the THC content, the amount of tar inhaled by marijuana amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers and the level of carbon smokers and the level of carbon monoxide absorbed are three to five monoxide absorbed are three to five times greater than among tobacco times greater than among tobacco smokers. smokers.

When the effects take place and the length When the effects take place and the length of a highof a high

When smoked the effects will take place When smoked the effects will take place within a few minutes. The high will wear within a few minutes. The high will wear off in 2-3 hoursoff in 2-3 hours

If ingested, the effects may be felt 30-60 If ingested, the effects may be felt 30-60 minutes later and the high may last up to 6 minutes later and the high may last up to 6 hourshours

Marijuana:Marijuana:Marijuana:Marijuana:Psychological addiction/ possible physicalPsychological addiction/ possible physical

Short-Term EffectsShort-Term EffectsLoss of coordination, distortion in the Loss of coordination, distortion in the

sense of time, vision, and hearing, sense of time, vision, and hearing, sleepiness, reddening of eyes, increased sleepiness, reddening of eyes, increased appetite, relaxed muscles, increased heart appetite, relaxed muscles, increased heart raterate

Long-Term EffectsLong-Term EffectsDamage to lungs and heart, worsen the Damage to lungs and heart, worsen the

symptoms of bronchitis and emphysemasymptoms of bronchitis and emphysema

Medical MarijuanaMedical Marijuana

14 states passed laws legalizing medical marijuana14 states passed laws legalizing medical marijuana Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan,

Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and WashingtonWashington

PROBLEM: a patient may get a prescription from a PROBLEM: a patient may get a prescription from a physician, however the federal law prohibits the writing of physician, however the federal law prohibits the writing of such prescriptions so both the physician and patient are at such prescriptions so both the physician and patient are at risk of arrest for doing what is legal in their own staterisk of arrest for doing what is legal in their own state

BarbituratesBarbiturates

BarbituratesBarbiturates

DepressantsDepressants

Taken in pill or liquid formTaken in pill or liquid form

Street names: Street names: Downers, Barbs, Goof Balls,Downers, Barbs, Goof Balls,Red Devils, Yellow JacketsRed Devils, Yellow Jackets

Barbiturates (cont.)Barbiturates (cont.)

Short-term EffectsShort-term EffectsSlurred speech, lack of coordination, Slurred speech, lack of coordination,

shallow breathing, disorientation, dilated shallow breathing, disorientation, dilated pupils, mild euphoriapupils, mild euphoria

Long-term EffectsLong-term EffectsChronic tiredness, slowed reflexes, Chronic tiredness, slowed reflexes,

vision problems, dizziness, breathing vision problems, dizziness, breathing disorders, menstrual irregularities, disorders, menstrual irregularities, sexual dysfunctionsexual dysfunction

InhalantsInhalants

InhalantsInhalants

Most are DepressantsMost are Depressants

Solvents, gases, aerosolsSolvents, gases, aerosols

Street NamesStreet Names: : poppers, whippets, glues, poppers, whippets, glues, laughing gas, gasoline, cleaning agentslaughing gas, gasoline, cleaning agents

Inhalants (cont.)Inhalants (cont.)

Short Term EffectsShort Term EffectsCNS slows down, loss of consciousness, CNS slows down, loss of consciousness,

glassy stare, slurred speech, impaired glassy stare, slurred speech, impaired judgment, euphoriajudgment, euphoria

Long Term EffectsLong Term EffectsDamage to brain, liver, kidneys; hearing Damage to brain, liver, kidneys; hearing

loss, memory loss, limb spasms, loss, memory loss, limb spasms, abnormal heart rhythmsabnormal heart rhythms

Heroin (Opiate)Heroin (Opiate)Heroin (Opiate)Heroin (Opiate) Heroin is a depressant Heroin is a depressant

Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant.the Asian poppy plant.

Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder. Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder.

Street namesStreet names for heroin include "smack," "H," "skag," for heroin include "smack," "H," "skag," "junk“, “hammer”, “mojo”"junk“, “hammer”, “mojo”

Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)

Heroin is injected, smoked, or snorted.Heroin is injected, smoked, or snorted.

A heroin high can last 3-6 hours.A heroin high can last 3-6 hours.

Physical and psychological addictionPhysical and psychological addiction

Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)

After an injection of heroin, the user After an injection of heroin, the user reports feeling a surge of euphoria ("rush") reports feeling a surge of euphoria ("rush") accompanied by a warm flushing of the accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth, and heavy extremities. skin, a dry mouth, and heavy extremities. Following this initial euphoria, the user Following this initial euphoria, the user goes "on the nod," an alternately wakeful goes "on the nod," an alternately wakeful and drowsy state.and drowsy state.

Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Heroin (continued)Short Term EffectsShort Term Effects

““rush”, euphoria, nausea, vomiting, rush”, euphoria, nausea, vomiting, suppression of pain, clouded mental suppression of pain, clouded mental functioning, depressed respiration, functioning, depressed respiration, constipation, drowsiness, constricted pupilsconstipation, drowsiness, constricted pupils

Long Term EffectsLong Term EffectsCollapsed veins, loss of appetite, skin Collapsed veins, loss of appetite, skin

abscesses, heart and lung problems, abscesses, heart and lung problems, pneumoniapneumonia

Heroin (continued):Heroin (continued): Heroin (continued):Heroin (continued): Withdrawal may occur as early as a few hours Withdrawal may occur as early as a few hours

after the last administration.after the last administration. Produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and Produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and

bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), kicking flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), kicking movements ("kicking the habit"), and other movements ("kicking the habit"), and other symptoms. symptoms.

Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after the last dose and subside and 72 hours after the last dose and subside after about a week. after about a week.

Heroin:Heroin: Treatment PlanTreatment Plan

Heroin:Heroin: Treatment PlanTreatment Plan

There is a broad range of treatment There is a broad range of treatment options for heroin addiction, including options for heroin addiction, including medications as well as behavioral medications as well as behavioral therapies. therapies.

Methadone blocks the effects of heroin for Methadone blocks the effects of heroin for about 24 hours, has a proven record of about 24 hours, has a proven record of success when prescribed at a high enough success when prescribed at a high enough dosage level for people addicted to heroin. dosage level for people addicted to heroin.

Heroin:Heroin: Treatment PlanTreatment Plan

Heroin:Heroin: Treatment PlanTreatment Plan

LAAM, also a synthetic opiate medication for LAAM, also a synthetic opiate medication for treating heroin addiction.treating heroin addiction.

Can block the effects of heroin for up to 72 Can block the effects of heroin for up to 72 hours. hours.

Other approved medications are naloxone, Other approved medications are naloxone, which is used to treat cases of overdose, and which is used to treat cases of overdose, and naltrexone, both of which block the effects of naltrexone, both of which block the effects of morphine, heroin, and other opiates.morphine, heroin, and other opiates.

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

Androgenic- muscle buildingAndrogenic- muscle building

Forms: Pill/capsule, injection, Forms: Pill/capsule, injection,

skin patches, gels or creamsskin patches, gels or creams

Street Names: Roids, Juice, Gym Candy, Street Names: Roids, Juice, Gym Candy, Arnolds, Ragers, Stuff, Junk, Gear, Arnolds, Ragers, Stuff, Junk, Gear, Pumpers, StackersPumpers, Stackers

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

Psychological addiction/ possible physicalPsychological addiction/ possible physicalShort Term EffectsShort Term Effects::

acne, bloating, cysts, oily skin and hair, small acne, bloating, cysts, oily skin and hair, small increase in number of red blood cells, increase in number of red blood cells, muscle twitchesmuscle twitches

Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects::Mood swings, fatigue, restlessness, loss of Mood swings, fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, insomnia, depressionappetite, insomnia, depressionMenMen: breast development, pattern baldness, infertility, decrease in : breast development, pattern baldness, infertility, decrease in sex drivesex drive

WomenWomen: excessive body hair, skin coarsening, male pattern baldness, : excessive body hair, skin coarsening, male pattern baldness, voice deepeningvoice deepening

DXMDXM

DXM- DextromethorphanDXM- Dextromethorphan

HallucinogenHallucinogenForms: liquid, pill, or powderForms: liquid, pill, or powder

What is it?What is it?A property of cough suppression medicationsA property of cough suppression medications Is consumed in large amounts for the effects Is consumed in large amounts for the effects

to take placeto take place

Street NamesStreet Names: DXM, Robo, Velvet, Rojo, : DXM, Robo, Velvet, Rojo, Dex, SkittlesDex, Skittles

DXMDXM

Psychological addictionPsychological addictionShort Term EffectsShort Term Effects::

Altered perceptions of time, sight, and sound, Altered perceptions of time, sight, and sound, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, abdominal pain, slurred speech, dizziness, abdominal pain, slurred speech, dizziness, slowed breathingslowed breathing

Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects::Organ and brain damage, permanent damage to Organ and brain damage, permanent damage to the CNSthe CNS

OxycontinOxycontin

This is derived from This is derived from opium and is a opium and is a depressantdepressant

FormForm: tablet, capsule, : tablet, capsule, liquidliquid

Street NamesStreet Names: Oxy, O, : Oxy, O, Ox, Ox, Hillbilly Heroin, Kicker, Hillbilly Heroin, Kicker, BlueBlue

OxycontinOxycontin

Physical and Psychological addictionPhysical and Psychological addictionShort Term EffectsShort Term Effects::

Sedation, euphoria, feelings of relaxation, Sedation, euphoria, feelings of relaxation, respiratory depression, constipation, respiratory depression, constipation, constricted pupilsconstricted pupils

Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects::Reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, Reduction in blood pressure and heart rate,

cold and clammy skin, skeletal muscle cold and clammy skin, skeletal muscle weaknessweakness

Psychedelic MushroomsPsychedelic Mushrooms

Psilocybin/ MushroomsPsilocybin/ Mushrooms

TypeType: Hallucinogen: Hallucinogen

FormForm: mushrooms that contain psilocybin : mushrooms that contain psilocybin

Street NamesStreet Names: shrooms, caps, boomers, : shrooms, caps, boomers, fungus, God’s Fleshfungus, God’s Flesh

MushroomsMushrooms

Short Term EffectsShort Term Effects::“tripping”, dilated pupils, increased body “tripping”, dilated pupils, increased body temp., increased heart rate, dry mouth, temp., increased heart rate, dry mouth, tremors, hallucinations, restlessness, tremors, hallucinations, restlessness, loss of coordination, altered perceptions, loss of coordination, altered perceptions, tension, anxiety, inability to distinguish tension, anxiety, inability to distinguish fantasy from realityfantasy from reality

The effects can take place 20 minutes to 2 The effects can take place 20 minutes to 2 hours later and the high can last for 3-6 hours later and the high can last for 3-6 hourshours

Club DrugsClub Drugs

Club DrugsClub DrugsClub DrugsClub Drugs MDMA (Ecstasy), Rohypnol, GHB, and MDMA (Ecstasy), Rohypnol, GHB, and

Ketamine (colorless, tasteless, & odorless).Ketamine (colorless, tasteless, & odorless). Used by teens and young adults at all-night Used by teens and young adults at all-night

raves, nightclubs, and/or bars.raves, nightclubs, and/or bars. People use these drugs for stamina and to People use these drugs for stamina and to

get high (relatively cheap high).get high (relatively cheap high). Drawback to using these drugs:Drawback to using these drugs:

brain dysfunction, sharp increse in body brain dysfunction, sharp increse in body temperature (hyperthermia)temperature (hyperthermia)

Hyperthermia can lead to kidney and Hyperthermia can lead to kidney and cardiovascular failure.cardiovascular failure.

EcstasyEcstasy

MDMA (Ecstasy)MDMA (Ecstasy)MDMA (Ecstasy)MDMA (Ecstasy)Psychoactive drug that has both Psychoactive drug that has both

stimulant and hallucinogenic (LSD-like) stimulant and hallucinogenic (LSD-like) effects.effects.

Psychological effects include: Psychological effects include: confusion, depression, sleep problems, confusion, depression, sleep problems, and paranoia.and paranoia.

Physical problems include: muscle Physical problems include: muscle tension, teeth clenching, nausea, tension, teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, chills, and sweating.blurred vision, chills, and sweating.

MDMAMDMA= = methylenedioxymethamphetaminemethylenedioxymethamphetamine

Ecstasy (cont.)Ecstasy (cont.)

Tablet form, snorted, or injectedTablet form, snorted, or injected

High lasts 3-8 hoursHigh lasts 3-8 hours

Street NamesStreet Names: E, X, XTC, Adam, Clarity: E, X, XTC, Adam, Clarity

Ecstasy (cont.)Ecstasy (cont.)

Short Term EffectsShort Term EffectsRaise in body temperature, muscle Raise in body temperature, muscle

tension, nausea, blurred vision, tension, nausea, blurred vision, panic/anxiety, depression, paranoid panic/anxiety, depression, paranoid thinking, euphoria, insomnia, reduced thinking, euphoria, insomnia, reduced inhibitions, dehydrationinhibitions, dehydration

Long Term EffectsLong Term EffectsImpaired memory, damage to neurons Impaired memory, damage to neurons

that release serotonin, irregular heart that release serotonin, irregular heart rhythmsrhythms

RohypnolRohypnol

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam) Depressant- club/date rape drugDepressant- club/date rape drug Tablet form and snorted or put in drinks Tablet form and snorted or put in drinks

and absorbedand absorbed Street NamesStreet Names: Roofies, Roaches, : Roofies, Roaches,

Forget-Me-Pill, Mexican ValiumForget-Me-Pill, Mexican Valium Congress passed the “Drug -Induced Congress passed the “Drug -Induced

prevention and punishment Act of 1996” prevention and punishment Act of 1996” (increased Federal penalties for the use (increased Federal penalties for the use of date rape drugs).of date rape drugs).

Rohypnol is banned in the United States.Rohypnol is banned in the United States.

Rohypnol (cont.)Rohypnol (cont.) High last for 2-8 hoursHigh last for 2-8 hoursShort Term EffectsShort Term Effects

Relaxation, drowsiness, slurred speech, Relaxation, drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, confusion, impaired judgment and nausea, confusion, impaired judgment and coordinationcoordination

Long Term EffectsLong Term EffectsRespiratory distress, low blood pressure, Respiratory distress, low blood pressure,

gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary retentiongastrointestinal disturbances, urinary retention

Physical and psychological dependencePhysical and psychological dependence

GHBGHB

GHBGHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate)(Gamma-hydroxybutyrate)GHBGHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate)(Gamma-hydroxybutyrate)

Depressant or Hallucinogen- club drugDepressant or Hallucinogen- club drug This drug has been abused in the U.S. for This drug has been abused in the U.S. for

euphoric, sedative, and anabolic (body euphoric, sedative, and anabolic (body building) effects.building) effects.

Back in the 1980s this drug was used to aid Back in the 1980s this drug was used to aid fat reduction and increase muscle building.fat reduction and increase muscle building.

Coma and seizures can occur following abuse Coma and seizures can occur following abuse of GHB.of GHB.

GHB use has been involved with poisonings, GHB use has been involved with poisonings, overdoses, date rapes, and deaths.overdoses, date rapes, and deaths.

GHB (cont.)GHB (cont.)

Forms: liquid, white powder, tablet, or Forms: liquid, white powder, tablet, or capsulecapsule

Street Names: G, Georgia Home Boy, Street Names: G, Georgia Home Boy, grievous bodily harm, Liquid E, Soapgrievous bodily harm, Liquid E, Soap

Effects felt within 20 minutes and high can Effects felt within 20 minutes and high can last 3-6 hourslast 3-6 hours

GHB (cont.)GHB (cont.)

Short Term EffectsShort Term Effects Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, headache, CSN Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, headache, CSN

depression, slow breathing, heart rate to dangerous depression, slow breathing, heart rate to dangerous levels, confused, disoriented, sleepy, lethargic, levels, confused, disoriented, sleepy, lethargic,

loss of coordination loss of coordination

Long term useLong term use Anxiety, tremors, insomnia, confusion, deliriumAnxiety, tremors, insomnia, confusion, delirium

KetamineKetamine

Ketamine (Hallucinogen)Ketamine (Hallucinogen)Ketamine (Hallucinogen)Ketamine (Hallucinogen)

Anesthetic drug approved for both Anesthetic drug approved for both human and animal use in medical human and animal use in medical settings (90% of this drug is intended for settings (90% of this drug is intended for veterinary use).veterinary use).

Known as “Special K”, Vitamin “K”Known as “Special K”, Vitamin “K”“Kit-Kat”“Kit-Kat”

KetamineKetamine

KetamineKetamineForm: Form: liquid, powder, or capsuleliquid, powder, or capsule

Short Term EffectsShort Term Effects: numbness, paranoia, : numbness, paranoia, boredom, impaired motor function, boredom, impaired motor function, nausea, dream-like state, hallucinations, nausea, dream-like state, hallucinations, depressiondepression

Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects: Kidney and : Kidney and cardiovascular system failurecardiovascular system failure

LSDLSD

LSD (hallucinogen drug)LSD (hallucinogen drug)LSD (hallucinogen drug)LSD (hallucinogen drug) Known as “Acid”, “Blotter”, “Zen”, “Sunshine”Known as “Acid”, “Blotter”, “Zen”, “Sunshine” Sold on the streets in tablet, capsules, and Sold on the streets in tablet, capsules, and

liquid form (usually taken by mouth).liquid form (usually taken by mouth). Odorless; colorless; slightly bitter taste. Odorless; colorless; slightly bitter taste. Alters your personality, mood, and Alters your personality, mood, and

expectations.expectations. Feel first effects within 30 to 90 minutes Feel first effects within 30 to 90 minutes

( a trip may last as long as 12 hours).( a trip may last as long as 12 hours). Effects include increase body temp., heart Effects include increase body temp., heart

rate, and blood pressure, sweating, loss of rate, and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite,appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth/ tremors.sleeplessness, dry mouth/ tremors.

LSD (hallucinogen drug)LSD (hallucinogen drug)LSD (hallucinogen drug)LSD (hallucinogen drug)Some LSD users have reported severe, Some LSD users have reported severe,

terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity, fear of death.losing control, fear of insanity, fear of death.

Many LSD users have experienced Many LSD users have experienced “flashbacks”. Occur w/out the user taking “flashbacks”. Occur w/out the user taking the drug (takes place a few days after the drug (takes place a few days after taking the drug or more than a year later).taking the drug or more than a year later).

PCP (Phencyclidine) PCP (Phencyclidine) PCP (Phencyclidine) PCP (Phencyclidine) Developed in the 1950s as an intravenous Developed in the 1950s as an intravenous

anesthetic.anesthetic. Discontinued in 1965 because patients Discontinued in 1965 because patients

became agitated, delusional, and irrational as became agitated, delusional, and irrational as they recovered from the anesthetic effectsthey recovered from the anesthetic effects..

Slang termsSlang terms include: angel dust, ozone, include: angel dust, ozone, whack, and rocket fuel.whack, and rocket fuel.

Killer joints are marijuana joints that have Killer joints are marijuana joints that have PCP mixed in them.PCP mixed in them.

PCP is normally snorted, smoked, injected,or PCP is normally snorted, smoked, injected,or eateneaten..

PCP (Phencyclidine)PCP (Phencyclidine)PCP (Phencyclidine)PCP (Phencyclidine) PCP can lead to possible physical or PCP can lead to possible physical or

psychological dependence.psychological dependence. Slight increase in breathing; increase in Slight increase in breathing; increase in

blood pressure and the heart rate; decreased blood pressure and the heart rate; decreased sensitivity to pain: grandiose delusions; sensitivity to pain: grandiose delusions; profuse sweating occurs; numbness of profuse sweating occurs; numbness of extremities; coordination is also affected.extremities; coordination is also affected.

People who use PCP for long periods of time People who use PCP for long periods of time report memory loss, difficulties w/ speech report memory loss, difficulties w/ speech and thinking, depression, and weight loss.and thinking, depression, and weight loss.

Pill Size ComparisonPill Size Comparison