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Drug Forms and Routes of Administration
Before FDA approval
• Rx company must clearly state in what form or forms the drug will be manufactured
• Rx company must clearly state what routes of administration are determined safe and effective
Tablets
• Drug form which contains dried powdered active drug
• Contains binders and fillers to provide bulk and proper size
• Many different types of tablets
• Indented line running across the top
• Can easily be broken into two pieces with a knife to produce two doses
Scored Tablets
• Covered with a special coating that resists stomach acid but dissolves in the alkaline environment in small intestines
Enteric Tablets
Slow-release Tablet
• Provide a continuous, sustained release of a certain drug
• Abb as SR slow-release or LA long acting
Caplets- Tablets
• Coated tablets in the shape of a capsule
• Easier to swallow
Lozenges- Tablets
• Formed with a harden base of sugar , water and flavorings
• never swallow
• dissolve slowly in mouth
Capsule
• Comes in two varieties
• generally easier to swallow
Soft gelatin- Capsule
• Manufactured in one piece in which the drug is in a liquid form inside the soft shell
Hard shell- Capsule
• Manufactured in two pieces that fit together and hold the drug which is in a powder or granular form
Creams
• A semisolid emulsion of oil and water- main ingredient water
• emulsifying agent added to keep mixed
Ointment
• Semisolid emulsion of oil and water- main ingredient oil
• normally applied to skin without precise measurement nitroglycerin- exception
Lotion
• Suspenion of an active drug in a water base
Powder• Finely ground form of an active drug
• can be contained in a capsule
• glass vials- sterile water
• packaged- water
Liquids
• Comes in one of 2 forms- Solution or suspension
• Solution never need to be mixed
• Solution drug fully dissolved
Types of Solutions
• Elixirs-alcohol & water base with added sugar & flavoring
• Syrups-sugar, water & flavoring thicker
• Tinctures- alcohol & water base used topically
Liquid Sprays
• Water & alcohol base
• pump or aerosol spray
• some dispened as foams
Suspensions
• Contain fine, undissolved particles of a drug suspended in a liquid base
• Important to always shake before use
Suspension Types
• Water base- distilled or sterile
• emulsion- fat particles & water
• gel-suspended in a thicken water medium- does not have to be shaken
Suppository
• A solid base of glycerin or cocoa butter containing the drug
• Rectal or Vaginal
• Adult or pediatric sizes
Transdermal
• Consist of a multi-layered disk of a drug reservoir, a porous membrane and a adhesive layer to it to the skin
• Patches
Pellet/Bead
• Drug can be implanted in the body in the form of a pellet or bead that slowly releases into tissue