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8/3/2019 Drug Abuse Lecture Part 1
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ABUSED DRUGS
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Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002 RA 9165
Government forensic lab or lab accredited andmonitored by DOH
Screening and Confirmatory (Servicecapability)
Mandatory or Random (Clientele)
Valid for ONE year from date of issue
POSITIVE screening lab test must be confirmedfor it to be valid.
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Mandatory
Drivers license
Firearms license
Permit to carry firearms outside of residence
Officers and members of the military, police
and other law enforcement agencies
All persons who by nature of their
profession carry firearms
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Persons charged of imprisonment of not less
than 6 years and 1 day
Any person arrested for violating RA 9165
Screened test within 24 hours Confirmed within 15 days
Candidates for public office
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Random
High School and College students
Officers and employees of public and
private offices
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AMPHETAMINES Examples:
Amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine),methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine).
Metamphetamine: also known as Speed, Ice, Chalk, Meth, Crystal, Crank,Fire, Shabu, Poor Mans Cocaine
Medical uses:
Attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity) of childhood, narcolepsy, obesity(occasionally and for limited period)
Effects attractive to abuser:
Euphoria, increased ability to concentrate, increased alertness,
heightened ability to perform intellectual and physical tasks, appetitesuppression (for weight loss).
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Methamphetamine (TIK)
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Ecstasy (methylenedioxymethapetamine-
MDMA): also known as E, X, XTC, Adam,
Clarity, Lovers Speed.
The drug comes in different tablet forms and
styles to avoid recognition by authorities.
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Adverse effects: Insomnia, restlessness,irritability, palpitations, rapid heartbeat,
sweating, dilation of pupils, confusion, psychosis,convulsions, death.
How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously; occasionally snorted into the nose
in granular form. Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL
Period detectable after last dose: Up to 30 hourson low dose, 120 hours on high dose.
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Rush ( 20 40 minutes)
High ( 3 days )
Binge
Crash
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Stages of a TIK use
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Methods of use
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Discuss the implications of this experiment:
Low dose ecstasy was given to an isolated rat.
There was no visible effect on the rat but the
animals brain biopsy revealed minimal
damage. But when the same dose was given
to 20 rats confined together in a cage, all rats
died and brain biopsy revealed severe
damage.
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Dilated pupil - stimulant intoxication
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Effects of TIK Abuse
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Tik : not a great injectionable drug
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Abscesses caused by cranking (injecting
Meth intravenously)
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Dental problems caused by Meth
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Meth needle marks
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Before After
The following poem was written by a young girl who was in jail for drug
charges, and was addicted to crystal meth (TIC). She wrote thiswhile in jail. As you will soon read, she fully grasped the horrors ofthe drug, as she tells in this simple, yet profound poem. She was
released from jail, but true to her story, the drug owned her.
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Substances causing false positive
results(on initial drug screen only): decongestants (ephedrine [Vatronol, Efedron], phenylpropanolamine
[Propagest, Sucrets Decongestant Formula, Rhindecon]);
"diet pills" (phenmetrazine [Preludin], phentermine [Phentrol, Tora,Fastin, Obe-Nix, Obephen, Obermine, Obestin, Parmine, Phentamine,
Phentrol 2, Unifast, Wilpowr, Adipex-P, Dapex-37.5, Ionamin, Phentrol],phenylpropanolamine [Diadax, Prolamine, Control, Dex-A-Diet, Dexatrim-15, Unitrol, Maximum Strength Acutrim, Appedrine];
blood vessel dilators (isoxuprine [Vasodilan], nylidrin [Adrin, Arlidin]).
Only confirmatory testing of the urine will determine if these interferingdrugs are present. It should be noted that some of these drugs, such asphenmetrazine and phentermine, while not technically amphetamines,have similar abuse potential and similar adverse effects.
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Phenylethylamine (a product of decomposing,
unpreserved urine) may produce false-positive
screens in unrefrigerated, old specimenswhich have not been treated with fluoride
preservative.
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BARBITURATES Examples:Long acting
phenobarbital;
intermediate-acting- amobarbital (Amytal),
butabarbital, talbutal; short-acting-secobarbital (Seconal), pentobarbital(Nembutal).
Medical uses: Treatment of insomnia (short
term only, and avoided altogether by mostphysicians), long-term treatment of epilepsy(phenobarbital), surgical anesthesia.
Effects attractive to abuser: Sedation, loss of
inhibitions, induction of sleep. Generally, the-
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Adverse effects: Agitation, confusion, nightmares,hallucinations, lethargy, hangover, suppression of
breathing reflexes, coma, death. Physicaldependence is well known, and withdrawaleffects can be severe and dangerous, even fatal.
How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously.
Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL
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Period detectable after last dose: long-acting 7
days, intermediate-acting 2-3 days; short-acting 1-2 days.
Substances causing false positive results: None
reported.
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METHADONE
Examples: Roxane, Dolophine
Medical uses: Treatment of opiate addicts inapproved program
Effects attractive to abuser: Same as opiates (below)
Adverse effects: Same as opiates (below) but withlesser degree of physical dependency (addiction)
How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously.
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Period detectable after last dose: 7.5-56 hours
Substances causing false positive results:
doxylamine [Unisom Nighttime Sleep Aid].Presence of this substance would be ruled out
by confirmatory testing.
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OPIATES Examples: Morphine,
heroin, codeine(as found in manyprescription cough
medicines, such asRobitussin-AC, and pain medications, such as Tylenol#3, Phenaphen #3 & #4, Empirin #3 & #4),oxycodone (Percodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid),hydrocodone (as in many prescription coughmedicines).
Medical uses: Relief of moderate to severe pain,treatment of persistent cough (codeine), treatmentof diarrhea.
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Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, sedation.
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Adverse effects: Drowsiness, apathy, confusion, nausea,vomiting, suppression of breathing reflexes, constrictedpupils, physical addiction, coma, death.
How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously or subcutaneously; occasionally snortedinto the nose in granular form.
Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL Period detectable after
last dose: heroin,1-4 days; meperidine,4-24 hours; morphine,84 hour minimum
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Notes: This family of drugs undergoes extensivechemical changes due to the normal
detoxification processes of the body.Therefore, the drug detected in the urinescreen may not be the same as that originallytaken by the subject. For instance, both heroin
and codeine are converted to morphinebefore excretion in the urine.
Substances causing false positive results: none
reported; however, foods containing poppyseeds (the natural source of traditional opiatedrugs) will produce true positive results whenscreening the urine of an otherwise innocent
subject.
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BENZODIAZEPINES
Examples: Diazepam
(Valium), chlordiazepoxide
(Librium), flurazepam (Dalmane), oxazepam (Serax),
lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Clonopin).
Medical uses: Treatment of anxiety disorders,
convulsions, and muscle spasms.
Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, sedation,
relief of anxiety, induction of sleep.
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Adverse effects: Drowsiness, apathy, fatigue,
decreased activity level, dizziness, fainting,impaired ability to concentrate on tasks,
disturbance of vision and hearing, physical
addiction.
How abused: Pills taken orally.
Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL
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Period detectable after last dose: around 2-4
days, but depending greatly on dose. Forinstance, a single 10 mg PO dose of diazepam
may not ever be detected, but a 5 times daily
dose of 10 mg will be detectable for 3-7 days. Substances causing false positive results: none
reported.
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CANNABINOIDS
Examples: Marijuana, hashish, hash oilMedical uses: Treatment of nausea
and vomiting due to cancer
chemotherapy.
Effects attractive to abuser:
Euphoria, intensified sensual
and aesthetic perceptions.
Adverse effects: Paranoia,panic, impairment of memory
and ability to perform tasks,
distorted perception of time, physical and
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MARIJUANA also known as Weed, Pot, Grass, Reefer,
Ganja, Mary Jane, Blunt, Joint, Roach, Nail
Forms of Marijuana:
Dried green leaves of cannabis plant usually rolled in
cigarette paper and smoked in joint pipe or bong(larger pipe designed to send more smoke to lungs).
Roach clip is used to hold tiny butt of joints.
Marijuana is sometimes baked in brownies or
cookies to avoid lung irritation.
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Marijuana affects your health. Marijuana limits your
bodys ability to resist infection. Long term use
increases the risk of developing mental illness. Marijuana smoke irritates the throat and lungs and
has more tar
than cigarette smoke.
Frequent use is linked to
increase risk of lung cancer,
bronchitis, and emphysema.
It speeds up heartbeat
and blood pressure.
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Hash (more potent form of tetrahydrocannabinol orTHC), brown substance made of pressed resin fromcannabis,
Hash Oil, the most
potent condensed
THC, is distilled liquid
resin, often added toa joint. Marijuana can
laced with other
dangerous drugs
without your
knowledge.
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