Driving Innovation in the New Energy Era

Rich HoushPresident & CEO

Juice Technologies, LLC

World’s Fastest Electric Car…World’s Fastest Electric Car…

Buckeye Bullet• 314.958 mph US Land Speed

Record (over 5 miles)• 271.737 mph International

Land Speed Record (flying kilometer)

Motor Saminco 400+ HPController AC Induction - 900 voltsBatteries 12,000 Nickel Metal HydrideChassis 4310 Chromoly SteelBody Carbon Fiber compositeWeight 3500 lbsSuspension 4 wheel independentParachutes 2Navigation GPSLength 31 feetHeight 2 feetWidth 30 inches

The Center for Automotive The Center for Automotive ResearchResearch

10+ Years of Advanced Battery Research– Battery Characterization– Battery models (cell and packs)– Pack Balancing– Battery Aging

• Diagnostics and prognostics• Lab testing and reliability• In-vehicle testing and evaluation• SoC in-vehicle estimation and control• Material characterization of aged cells

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CAR Test FacilitiesCAR Test Facilities

Source: OECD/IEA (2006)

Vehicle Density How people go to work (US data)

“A third of humanity doesn't want to ride bikes anymore; that has profound geopolitical implications.” - Anne Korin, the co-director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (May 1, 2005)

Vehicle Density and UseVehicle Density and Use

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Future Fuels: Petroleum??Future Fuels: Petroleum??

World oil production (EIA Monthly) for crude oil + NGL. The median forecast is calculated from 13 models that are predicting a peak before 2020 (Bakhtiari, Smith, Staniford, Loglets, Shock model, GBM, ASPO, Robelius Low/High, HSM). 95% of the predictions  sees a production peak between 2008 and 2010 at 77.5 - 85.0 mbpd (The 95% confidence interval is computed using a bootstrap technique)

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Source: International Energy Agency, 2007

U.S. Energy Flow Trends in 2005 (units in quadrillion Btus)

The overall energy conversion efficiency in the electric power sector is quite low (around

31%). Part of the reason for such low efficiency is the difference between peak and off-peak operation, due mostly to much lower

demand at night.The contribution of fuels derived from biomass which includes wood, waste, alcohol, geothermal, solar, and wind to the transportation sector is virtually

negligible.

Approximately 62% of the petroleum used in the U.S. is imported, and it is used almost exclusively for transportation.

Energy used for transportation shows the worst overall energy efficiency (around 20%).

PHEV/V2G Can Increase Grid PHEV/V2G Can Increase Grid EfficiencyEfficiency

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Only practical vehicles that Only practical vehicles that can be charged from can be charged from renewable energy.renewable energy.

No need for large new energy supply infrastructure: use No need for large new energy supply infrastructure: use existing infrastructure.existing infrastructure. Additional substantial public benefits: Additional substantial public benefits:

•more rapid introduction of zero-more rapid introduction of zero-pollution vehiclespollution vehicles• increased reliability of the electric increased reliability of the electric systemsystem• lowered costs lowered costs •higher proportions of renewable higher proportions of renewable electricity in the futureelectricity in the future

Using Existing Infrastructure and Using Existing Infrastructure and Renewable Energy..Renewable Energy..

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•PHEVs have gained interest over the past decade due to their high fuel economy, convenient low-cost recharging capabilities, reduced use of petroleum, and contribution to energy security goal of “Twenty in Ten”

• PHEVs have been suggested as a technology to improve the reliability and power quality of the electric grid and to ameliorate utility emissions.

Meeting Customer Expectations Meeting Customer Expectations and Environmental Sustainabilityand Environmental Sustainability

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Plug-in/Vehicle to Grid: Dream or Plug-in/Vehicle to Grid: Dream or Reality?Reality?

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Communication– Access, Authentication, Authorization – Vehicle: Vehicle Identification, Odometer– Grid: secure communications (PLC, Internet,

Zigbee, etc.)

Smart Charging RequirementsSmart Charging Requirements

Submeter– Dedicated revenue grade/quality– Charge away from home– Reconciliation from premise meter

Smart Charging RequirementsSmart Charging Requirements

Switching– Turn charging on/off– Off peak charging

Smart Charging RequirementsSmart Charging Requirements

High Level PHEV Communication High Level PHEV Communication RequirementsRequirements

– Supports secure two-way communication with the Utility

– Supports time- or price-based charging preferences based on current electric rate/tier

– Supports vehicle charging at any voltage

– Supports vehicle roaming and unified billing infrastructure

– Support customer override/opt-outs

– PEV-to-Utility communications based on open standard

SAE - Communication Task Force

• Cordset– Level 1 charging – Travels with the car

• Stationary Charging Device– Level 2 & 3 charging– At home or public locations

• Vehicle

Smart Charging ApplicationsSmart Charging Applications

Smart Charging ApplicationsSmart Charging Applications

Smart Charging ApplicationsSmart Charging Applications

Smart Charging ApplicationsSmart Charging Applications

~ 3 PLASMA TVs

and SET TOP BOXES

CHEVY VOLTExtended Range Electric Vehicle

Annual Energy Consumption

= 2,500 kWh

PLASMA TVAnnual Energy

623 kWh

SET TOP BOX Annual

Energy

263 kWh

Annual Energy Consumption

= 865 kWh

How Much Load is a 40 Mile Range How Much Load is a 40 Mile Range EREVEREV

Complements of EPRIComplements of EPRI

The Future of PEV Charging…The Future of PEV Charging…

Questions or Comments?