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DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY
Physiological Need(Hunger, Thirst, Sex)
Drive(Organism engages in random activity to satisfy its needs)
Goal-directed behavior(Organism adopts a behavior that reduces the drive)
Satisfaction(Organism’s needs have been satisfied)
A “Need” is a biological or psychological requirement
A “Drive” is an internal condition that orients an individual toward a specific goal
A drive encourages a person to act in goal-directed behaviors to achieve “Homeostasis” – a state of physical or psychological balance.
Homeostasis is a temporary condition. A need will develop over time.
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The Hypothalamus helps direct behavior
With the Lateral Hypothalamus removed a rat will not eat, even when surrounded by food
With the Ventromedial Hypothalamus removed a rat will continue to eat, even when it is not hungry
Drive Reduction Theory Tested
• Have you ever eaten when you weren’t hungry?
• What about a person that excessively works out?
• How do we account for other motivating factors like: achievement, power, and curiosity?
Too much eating?
Too much working out?
Too much tanning?
Environmental Factors that Affect our Hunger
• 1. Availability of food
• 2. Learned preferences and habits
• 3. Stress– Weight gain– Weight loss
Set Point
• The “Set Point” is the weight at which an adult is supposedly set
• When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate, may act to restore the lost weight
• Eating disorders can cause a person to deviate wildly from their set point.– Anorexia Nervosa– Bulimia Nervosa
BIOLOGICAL
SAFETY
ATTACHMENT
ESTEEM
COGNITIVE
AESTHETIC
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
TRANSCENDENCE
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
(To feel secure, safe, and out of danger)
(To feel a sense of achievement, competence, and belonging)
(The need to fulfill one’s unique potential)
Maslow’s Hierarchy in “Ratatouille”