DRILLING COLLABORATION REPORT · 2020. 4. 23. · The rig was released on the 12 June are failed attempts to recover the drill rods, and after lowering the polypipe for the geophysics

NRE – Daly Waters Project (EL27757) Drilling Collaboration Final Report 1

‘Title Holder: NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLORATION PTY. LTD.

Operator: Natural Resources Exploration Pty. Ltd.

Tenement Manager: Nicole Munro, Natural Resources Exploration Pty. Ltd.

Titles / Tenements: EL(s): 27878

Project Names: Daly Waters Project

Report Title: Drilling Collaboration Report – Daly Waters Project

Type of Report: Final Report

Author(s): Steven Alan Cooper, Orogenic Exploration Pty Ltd

Company Ref: NRE_DW2012: DALY WATERS – Drilling Collaboration Report

Target Commodity /

Commodities: Base metals / diamonds

Date of Report: 29 June 2012

Contact Details:

NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLORATION PTY. LTD.

PO Box 9235, Gold Coast Mail Centre, QLD 9726

Level 8 Corporate Centre, 2 Corporate Ct, Bundall QLD Tel: (07) 5644 5500 Fax: (07) 5528 4558 Email: [email protected]

.

DRILLING COLLABORATION

REPORT

DALY WATERS PROJECT

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SUMMARY

The Daly Waters Project is located within the centre of the mapped unmetamorphosed,

intracratonic, Mesozoic Carpenteria Basin. Regional geophysics appears to indicate the project

area overlies a structural basement high known as the Daly Waters Arch. Target mineralisation

within NRE’s Daly Waters Project is MVT Pb-Zn within the Georgina Basin carbonate units

beneath the Carpentaria Basin, and stratiform sediment hosted Pb-Zn-Ag within the Proterozoic

sediments of the McArthur Basin beneath the Georgina Basin.

NRE completed one vertical diamond HQ core drillhole to a total depth of 317.2 metres.

Downhole EM and IP were also conducted and completed on the available portion of the hole.

The hole intersected sallow marine fine sands to clay sediments of likely Late Miocene-Early

Pliocene age to 38.8 metres, overlying Devonian limestone. Sediments of the Carpenteria Basin

were absent from the drillhole. The limestone angular unconformably overlies shallow dipping

likely McArthur Basin laminated shales with contact at around 139.2 metres depth. Minor

sulphides including pyrite and chalcopyrite have been confirmed within the Proterozoic

sediments along fractures.

Due to limited access to the hole, downhole EM and IP was limited to the top 150 metres of the

hole. Results show the region should be favourable to the surface EM exploration method due

to the transparent nature of the upper sequences. The Induced Polarisation results recorded

Self potential Apparent Changeability and Potential value anomalies around the drill hole

NDW12-01. The SP anomalies appear sinuous reminiscent of channels and it is believed that

these are caused by variations in the relatively shallow sediments, probably the top 50 metres.

A locus of high values 80 metres east of the drill hole could warrant follow up which will form

part of NRE’s future exploration programs.


Contents

SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................ 2

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5

2. REGIONAL CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 5

3. PREVIOUS EXPLORATION ............................................................................................................ 6

4. EXPLORATION CONCEPT ............................................................................................................. 8

5. COLLABORATIVE PROGRAM DETAILS ......................................................................................... 8

5.1 DRILLHOLE NDW12-01 ........................................................................................................... 8

5.1.1 COLLAR LOCATION ............................................................................................................. 8

5.1.2 DOWNHOLE ORIENTATION SURVEY .................................................................................. 9

5.1.3 DRILLING OPERATIONS ...................................................................................................... 9

5.1.4 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ................................................................................................ 9

5.1.5 RELATIVE DENSITY .............................................................................................................. 9

5.1.6 PALYNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION ...................................................................................... 10

5.1.7 XRF ANALYSES .................................................................................................................. 11

5.1.8 CORE PETROLOGY ............................................................................................................ 11

5.1.9 DRILL SITE REHABILITATION ............................................................................................. 12

5.2 DOWNHOLE GEOPHYSICS ................................................................................................... 13

5.2.1 DOWNHOLE TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY ................................................... 13

5.2.2 DOWNHOLE INDUCED POLARISATION SURVEY ............................................................... 14

6. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION ............................................................................................... 14

7. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................. 16

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 17

Figures

Figure 1. Location map of drillhole NDW12-01, west from Stuart Swamp. ................................... 6

Figure 2. Region map showing location of drillhole in centre of Carpenteria Basin. ..................... 7

Figure 3. Thin black mudstone unit sent for palynology examination. ........................................ 10

Figure 4. Average magnetic susceptibility with depth. ................................................................ 12


Appendices

1. Drill collar details

2. Drill down hole orientation survey data

3. Drilling Operations report

4. Drill lithology log

5. Drilling magnetic susceptibility data

6. Drilling Relative Density data

7. Palynological examination report by L. Storian

8. XRF analysis data

9. Zonge downhole geophysics Operations report by S. Mann.

10. Downhole interpretation report by D. Tucker.


1. INTRODUCTION

NRE Operations Pty. Ltd. (NRE Operations’) was engaged by Natural Resources Exploration Pty.

Ltd. (‘NRE’) to conduct exploration activities on its Exploration Licence (EL) 27878. The purpose

of the following report is to detail the drilling data and downhole geophysics completed during

May-June at Daly Waters Exploration Licence 27878 by NRE Operations Pty Ltd. The drill hole

and the associated geophysics were undertaken within the Geophysics and Drill Collaboration

Program with the Northern Territory Geological Survey.

Due to time and budget constraints only a single drill hole was completed to test the

stratigraphy over the Daly Waters Arch structural feature. No mineral exploration has been

previously undertaken within EL27878 area, and the only historical drilling are water bores with

limited available data.

2. REGIONAL CONTEXT

The Daly Waters Project is located within the unmetamorphosed, intracratonic, Mesozoic

Carpentaria Basin (Figure 2). In the project vicinity it was expected that thin (<100 m thick)

Cretaceous sediments (Mullaman Beds) overlie the Cambrian units of the Neoproterozoic-

Devonian Georgina Basin. In the Georgina Basin there are numerous deposits of sedimentary

phosphate including the Wonarah phosphate deposit.

Also, several lead-zinc occurrences are located along the southern margin, and there are

frequent oil shows throughout the basin. The sediments of the Georgina Basin overlie the

Proterozoic McArthur Basin comprising of the Roper Group (Roper Superbasin, the Nathan

Group, and the McArthur Group (Isa Superbasin).

The project is within the Daly Waters 1:250,000 geology maps (SE53-01). The surface geology

consists mainly of poorly exposed Tertiary sands and Cretaceous Mullaman Beds. The last

published regional geological overview of the area was in 1969 (Brown, 1969)


Figure 1. Location map of drill hole NDW12-01, west from Stuart Swamp.

The drill site was still under water up to April due to long wet in this region. Access was

along the well graded Kalala-Daly Waters Road, and then fences line tracks to within 150

metres of site.

The project area extends south towards the Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic

Tomkinson Province. This Province, consisting of unmetamorphosed and weakly deformed,

predominantly shallow marine sedimentary rocks, correlates with the McArthur Basin and is

thought to be continuous undercover with the McArthur Basin. There is potential for base

metal deposits within the Namerinni Group that is a stratigraphic equivalent of the McArthur

Group.


3. PREVIOUS EXPLORATION

Desktop studies show that there has been no significant mineral exploration within the area of

EL27878 (Figure 2). There is also no previous stratigraphic drilling within EL27878, but the

expected geology of the planned drill hole was inferred from historical water bore drilling

around the license and from petroleum wells drilled into the Beetaloo Basin to the northeast

and east of the license. It was expected that drilling on the Daly Waters Arch will intersect

stratigraphic units at similar depths to those encountered on the Walton High to the north.

Figure 2. Region map showing location of drill hole in centre of Carpenteria Basin.


4. EXPLORATION CONCEPT

Drill hole NDW12-01 was designed to determine the depth to Proterozoic basement rocks

along the axis of the Daly Arch, which is defined as a prominent north-south high on gravity

data. Analysis of water bore cuttings by Terra Search Pty Ltd indicates some minor base metal

anomalism in holes proximal to the Daly Waters Arch within Cambrian and Cretaceous age basin

sedimentary rocks that overlie Proterozoic rocks.

The drill hole on the trend of the Daly Water Arch will also test Cambrian limestones for any

indication of carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn mineralisation in the license area. Minor base metal

veining, dolomitic alteration, or significant Pb-Zn anomalism will be of interest. Core drilling

would allow stratigraphy to be more easily identified than RC chips.

5. COLLABORATIVE PROGRAM DETAILS

One vertical HQ diamond cored drill hole was completed to a total depth of 317.2 metres.

This was followed by downhole IP and EM geophysical surveys associated with this hole.

5.1 DRILLHOLE NDW12-01

One drill hole vertical cored was completed as part of this program. Other drill holes were

planned but due to time and budget constraints only the first hole was completed.

5.1.1 COLLAR LOCATION

The location of the hole collar was determined using averaged mode (one second reading

interval) over 6 hours duration by a handheld Garmin 76sc GPS. Location determined was;

Easting GDA94 Northing GDA94 Elevation (m) UTM Zone

327,000 8,204,914 210 53

The estimated accuracy of the hole collar is within one metre horizontal. A thick (>1cm) steel

plate was placed over the buried collar to enable the collar to be located again with metal

detector if required. Location is shown in Figure 1. All coordinates and maps in this report are

shown in GDA94, Zone 53 datum.


5.1.2 DOWNHOLE ORIENTATION SURVEY

The drill hole orientation was survey with Multishot camera every 50 metres down hole.

All magnetic reading except the last at 300m depth showed excellent correlation with

expected magnetic field strength (~48000nT) indicating little disturbance to magnetic azimuth.

As the final dip angle was only 0.9 degree from vertical at 300 metres, any slight disturbance of

the azimuth at this depth is not considered significant.

5.1.3 DRILLING OPERATIONS

The drill hole was completed by Drillwise Pty Ltd based in Gibson, Western Australia. The initial

drill rig was track mounted, but as this rig was not satisfactory this was replaced with a truck

mounted rig at 210.6m without pulling the rods.

The hole was commenced on the 16 May 2012 and the total depth reached on 7 June 2012 at

which point the hole was abandoned. Two crews worked double shifts over most of the period.

The rig was released on the 12 June are failed attempts to recover the drill rods, and after

lowering the polypipe for the geophysics survey.

The hole NDW12-01 was rock rolled to competent ground at 1.4m. No sample was recovered

from this interval. The remaining entire hole from 1.4 to total depth 317.2m was HQ diamond

cored. Drilling was considered exceptionally changing due to a number of different ground

conditions. A large number of days were lost due to mechanical issues. The operations report by

the driller is provided as Appendix 3. The core was halved on site using a diamond saw.

5.1.4 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

The magnetic susceptibility was measured at approximately one metre intervals on competent

sections of the core by contractors Terra Search Pty Ltd. The instrument used was a Terraplus

KT-10 Magnetic Susceptibility Meter set for HQ core diameter automatic correction. Sensitivity

of this instrument is 0.001x10-3 SI Units.

Three readings were recorded on each core piece and the average determined. All data is

provided in Appendix 5. Figure 4 shows the magnetic susceptibility down the entire hole.

5.1.5 RELATIVE DENSITY

The Relative Density (related to water) was determined on site at around one metre intervals

on suitable competent pieces of core by contractors Terra Search Pty Ltd. The method


employed involved weighing the core sample on a piece of wire in air, then submerged in water.

The scale used was a generic fishing digital scale of unknown accuracy (likely error around 50g).

5.1.6 PALYNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION

One sample from the drilling have been submitted for palynological examination to L. Stoian

from the DMITRE Geological Survey of South Australia. The sample as from a thin (~1cm) mafic

clay unit (see Figure 3) at 38.4m depth, just above the unconformity with the underlying

limestone.

The sample is not rich in pollen , spore or dinoflagellate cysts, with only a few taxa counted.

Modern and recent pollen grains were identified including Eucalypthus spathulatha, Casuarina

and Malvacipollis spp. Wood cuticles and phytoliths are present in moderate frequencies.

Marine microplankton include dinoflagellate cysts: Tectatodinium spp., Ataxiodinium confusum,

Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae, Apteodinium spp. The majority of the dinoflagellate cysts are

of Neogene age, more likely Late Miocene -Early Pliocene. The unit is likely to be deposited

under neritic marine conditions.

The support of Liliana Stoian, and the Geological Survey of South Australia, Resources and

Energy Group, DMITRE, is appreciated with this work.

Figure 3. Thin black mudstone unit sent for palynology examination.

(Scale in cm, downhole direction is to left.)


5.1.7 XRF ANALYSES

XRF multi-element analysis was conducted using a Delta X Premium Hand-held XRF (HHXRF) with

Rh anode and 30mm2 Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) over the entire length of hole at regular

intervals. The HHXRF was set to 3 Beam - Soil Mode with capture time of 60 seconds per beam

for a total of 180 seconds analysis time per sample. Measurements were taken approximately

every 1m from start of core (1.4m) to a depth of 12m, then every 5m interval from 15m depth to

end of hole (317.18m). Samples were selected and analysed directly in the metal core trays after

previously cleaning with water.

XRF analyses was also completed on two sulphide coatings visible along fractures, confirming

one was pyrite and the other chalcopyrite. All data is provided in Appendix 8.

5.1.8 CORE PETROLOGY

Four initial samples have been dispatched to consulting petrologist Dr B.J. Barron in Sydney for

detailed descriptions. The small fragments of half core were collected from various intervals to

confirm lithology;

134.32m Mottled limestone

138.38m Vuggy limestone just above unconformity

230.50m Fine sandy unit (tuff?)

262.00m Grey shale

Figure 4 shows how the limestone interval is clearly visible from 38.8m to 139.2m as a dead

zone. It is anticipated the report will be completed and available during July. Further

petrology may be completed following review of all results.


Figure 4. Average magnetic susceptibility with depth.

5.1.9 DRILL SITE REHABILITATION

Following completion of the downhole geophysics the polypipe within the hole was cut around

40cm below surface, sealed, and a thick metal cap placed on top. Soil was then placed back in the

hole over the metal cap.


The sumps were then back filled and the original soil spread and levelled over the site.

Figure 5 shows the rehabilitation job completed using equipment and personnel from

Kalala Station.

Figure 5. Rehabilitated site.

5.2 DOWNHOLE GEOPHYSICS

It was anticipated that both downhole TEM and IP dipole-dipole array would be completed

to the full depth of the drill hole. Due to the stuck drill rod string and the caved material

above blocking the hole, only the top half the hole was available for the TEM survey and the

as the hole was dry and lined with PVC pipe no IP dipole-dipole could be completed.

5.2.1 DOWNHOLE TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY

Downhole TEM survey using double 200m square loop centre over the hole, and the TEM

sensor lowered from 2 metres to 152 metres with readings every 5 metres.

In conjunction two 200 square loops conventual TEM was completed to compare with and

supplement the down hole TEM. Full specifications are provided in the Appendix 9 and

interpretation in Appendix 10.


5.2.2 DOWNHOLE INDUCED POLARISATION SURVEY

Due to the stuck drill rod string down the hole, and the caving collapse of material above

the string the only practical IP survey that could be completed was a Mise a la Masse style

survey. A total of 77 stations were recorded on the surface over an area 400 metres east-

west and 160 metres north-south at 40 metre intervals centred over the hole. The in-hole

excitation point was at 156 metres within hole NDW12-01.

6. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION

1 . PALYNOLOGY:

The sediments overlie limestone are not Carpentaria Basin (Jurassic- Cetaceous) as

expected based on the palynological examination which indicates a late Miocene-

Early Pliocene age. This would imply these neritic marine sediments are part of the

Tertiary Kurumba Basin.

2 . MAGNETICS:

The sequence intersected would appear transparent in a magnetic survey with no

significant magnetic units measured. The weak magnetic susceptibility readings do

have a high correlate with the lithology.

3 . GEOLOGY:

Pyrite was observed within the McArthur sediments (Figure 5), as well in the

Tindell Limestone near the base. A thin film of chalcopyrite was confirmed at 260.4

metres along a fracture plane. It is significant these were along factures as this

implies mobilisation of sulphides. Minor pyrite was seen along some of the bedding

planes with within the dark grey McAthur sediments.

4 . GEOLOGY:

The anticipated Antrium Plateau Volcanics were not intersected above the

Proterozoic. This unit must wedge out against the Daly Waters Arch structural

feature.

5. GEOLOGY:

The hole intersected sallow marine fine sands to clay sediments of likely Late

Miocene -Early Pliocene age to 38.8 metres, overlying Devonian limestone. This

limestone unconformably overlies shallow dipping likely McArthur Basin shales

with contact at 139.2 metres depth.

6. TEM:


The TEM results did not detect large conducting and chargeable mineralised bodies

either intersecting or as near misses to the drill hole NDW12-01 above an

estimated 150 metres depth.

7. TEM:

Implications for future exploration. The TEM results indicate that the shallow part of

sediments surveyed at NDW12-01 are essentially transparent to the type of

electromagnetic signals used in mineral exploration. Also, importantly, there is an

absence of the often troublesome ‘conductive overburden’ experienced elsewhere

in Australia.

8 . TEM:

If these conditions are widespread in this area of the Carpentaria Basin, the TEM

method is practical for large scale surveys seeking to explore beneath these

sediments to look in the basement for electrically detectable ore-bodies like for

instance HYC and Tennant Creek. Such surveys would use a heavy duty system with

large loops energised by high currents and with longer recording times.

9 . IP:

The Induced Polarisation results recorded Self potential Apparent Chargeability and

Potential values (similar to Apparent Resistivity) anomalies around the drill hole

NDW12-01. The SP anomalies appear sinuous reminiscent of channels and it is

believed that these are caused by variations in the relatively shallow sediments,

probably the top 50 metres. A locus of high values 80 metres east of the drill hole

warrant follow up.

1 0 . IP:

Implications for exploration. The source of the Apparent Chargeability and Potential

values anomalies are typical of a large disseminated sulphide body. The depth is

approximately 150 metres plus. These anomalies warrant further investigation

including drilling.

11. IP:

Because operational matters prevented direct access to the deeper sulphides

intersected by the drill hole NDW12-01, the direct characteristics of these remain

untested by the downhole IP method

1 2 . IP:

If exploration continues in this locality, the sources of the deep and shallow IP

anomalies should be followed up.

13. GENERAL:


To focus drilling for ore-bodies in this area, consideration should be given to gravity

traversing across the Daly Waters Arch and airborne magnetic surveying over the

tenements, to pin down the basement depth and structural morphology.

7. CONCLUSION

The single drill hole has confirmed the stratigraphy in an area with little previous drilling and

has shown the Proterozoic rocks to be at around 139 metres depth at this location. Further

work is required but initial observations are the Proterozoic are McArthur Group

equivalents. Evidence of sulphide has been observed including chalcopyrite. Geophysics

has shown the region is suitable for electrical based exploration and a potential target has

been generated.


8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brown, M.C., 1969. Daly Waters Northern Territory 1:250,000 Geological Series

Explanatory Notes, Sheet SE53-1. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics,

Canberra.

Stoian, L.M., 2012. Palynological analysis and dating of one sample from stratigraphic drill

hole NDW12-01, Daly Waters, Northern Territory. Unpublished report Geological Survey of

South Australia, Resources and Energy Group, DMITRE.

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H0002 Version 4

H0003 Date_generated 28-Jun-12

H0004 Reporting_period_end_date 28-Jun-12

H0005 State NT

H0100 Tenement_no EL27878

H0101 Tenement_holder NRE Operations Pty Ltd

H0102 Project_name Daly Waters

H0106 Tenement_operator NRE Operations Pty Ltd

H0150 250K_map_sheet_number SE53-01

H0151 100K_map_sheet_number 5565

H0200 Start_date_of_data_acquisition 1-May-12

H0201 End_date_of_data_acquisition 28-Jun-12

H0202 Template_format SL1

H0203 Number_of_data_records 1

H0204 Date_of_metadata_update 28-Jun-12

H0300 Location_data_file EL27878_2012_Drill_02_DrillCollars.txt


H0302 Downhole_lithology_data_file EL27878_2012_Drill_03_LithoLogs.txt

H0303 Downhole_geochem_data_file EL27878_2012_Drill_04_DownholeGeochem.txt

H0304 Downhole_survey_data_file EL27878_2012_Drill_05_Downhole_Survey.txt

H0308 File-Verfication_listing EL27878_2012_Drill_10_File_Listing.txt

H0314 Magsusc_data_file EL27878_2012_Drill_06_MagSusc.txt

H0318 Drill Relative_density EL27878_2012_Drill_07_Relative_density.txt

H0401 Drill_contractor Drillwise Pty Ltd

H0402 Description HQ diamond core drillhole collar

H0500 Feature_located Hole collar

H0501 Geodetic_datum GDA94

H0502 Vertical_datum AHD

H0503 Projection UTM

H0530 Coordinate_system Projected

H0531 Projection_Zone 53

H0532 Surveying_instrument Garmin 76sc in average mode (>6 hours)

H0533 Surveying_company Orogenic Exploration Pty Ltd

H1000 Hole_ID Xcoordinate Ycoordinate Zcoordinate Maxdepth Collar_azimuth Collar_Inclination Start_date End_date

H1001 metres metres metres metres degrees_true degrees

H1004 1 1 2 0.1 0.5 0.2

D NDW12‐01 327000 8204914 210 317.2 0 ‐90 16/05/2012 13/06/2012EOF

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H0002 Version 4



H0005 State NT









H0202 Template_format DS1











H0532 Surveying_instrument Multi shot

H0533 Surveying_company Drillwise Pty Ltd

H1000 Drillhole Survey_date Depth Azimuth_Mag Azimuth_True Dip Mag_Intensity Temperature

H1001 Metres Degree Degree Degree nT C

H1004 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 1 0.5

D NDW12‐01 18/05/2012 50.0 230.3 234.3 ‐89.9 47967

D NDW12‐01 25/05/2012 99.6 260.9 264.9 ‐89.8 47778 18

D NDW12‐01 27/05/2012 149.6 348.6 352.6 ‐89.9 48142

D NDW12‐01 30/05/2012 200.0 225.9 229.9 ‐89.8 48154

D NDW12‐01 2/06/2012 250.0 277.4 281.4 ‐89.8 48580

D NDW12‐01 5/06/2012 300.0 222.4 226.4 ‐89.1 86133 26

EOF

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Drillwise pty Ltd Exploration Solutions Monday, 11 June 2012

Daly Waters Report 2012

Hole ID: NDW12-01

Diamond Drilling Program commence on Wednesday 16th May 2012

0-50 Metres

• Rock Rolled to competent ground at 1.4m

• Drilled soft broken ground

• Silting problems started to occur around 35m

• Lost water return around 46m (tried to condition hole but only lasted a couple metres)

50-100 Metres

• Ground started to pressurized through the loss of water and returning further up the

rod string

• Rods kept locking up in this zone

• Ream HWT down to 51m to stop zone from caving in and pressurizing, whilst

reaming there was now a cavity from 29m to 41m. This cavity was not there whilst drilling

HQ

• Hole was completely dry thus constantly pulling rods out to grease due to rod chatter

in a dry hole

• Drilled broken with clay zones through out

• Constantly waiting on water as bore was inadequate to service our need to condition

and drill due to no water return

100-150 Metres

• Hole was still dry at this stage thus the constant need to pull out and grease rod string

but grease was being wiped away by wall in a matter of hours

• Constant change in ground condition from broken ground to clay and mud zones

• Drilled swelling Clay zones and rods keep locking up



150-200 Metres

• Drilled very broken ground and large patches of swelling clay zones causing heaps of

dramas with core loss and drop core in barrel and down hole thus changed over to HQ3 to

eliminate problems

• Drilled mud stone and didn’t like any weight on this zone as it will suffocate bit face

and cause very short runs.





200-250 Metres

• Drilled mud stone and didn’t like any weight on this zone as it will suffocate bit face

and cause very short runs, core kept dropping into barrel and in hole





250-300 Metres

• Hole was silting up and tried constantly to condition hole but kept re occurring





• Hole started to cave in

• Unable to put weight on drill string as it would still just plug off upon anything more

than free spin and bog in

300- 310.4 Metres E.O.H

• Hole caving in from above causing silting problems, High Torque and rods bogging

in the hole

• Due to high torque and Bogging from cave-in, Rods keep separating

Strong possibility that the complete rod string will be a right off (approx

$40,000 plus transport) Each rod to be tested at end of job.





Note: Waiting on water was the biggest unproductive time spent throughout this program

causing anywhere from 1.5 to 4 hour delays every day thus un-enabling us to successfully

condition and flush hole out effectively.

The major cavity that occurred after drilling HQ was at 29 – 41 metres (12) was a major

factor prior to casing that section of. This has occurred in various other sections in the hole to

cause all the constant silting and cave in throughout the program.

Exceptionally challenging drilling

Barry Mckinlay

Operations Manager

DRILLWISE

Drillwise Pty Ltd Mob: 0400006631 • Email: [email protected] • Mail: PO Box 75, Gibson WA 6448

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H0002 Version 4



H0005 State NT









H0202 Template_format DL1











H1000 Drillhole Depth_from Depth_to DescritonH1001 Metres MetresH1004 0.1 0.1

D NDW12‐01 0.0 15.0 Cream fine sandy sanstone, clay cemented bands common near surface

D NDW12‐01 15.0 16.0 Orange‐red fine‐medium sands

D NDW12‐01 16.0 20.8 Crem fine sandy sitlstone

D NDW12‐01 20.8 24.0 Red‐orange fine‐medium sandstone

D NDW12‐01 24.0 38.8 Crean silty clays, minor thin (<1cm) mafic carbonaceous clay bands near base.

D NDW12‐01 38.8 54.1 Cream limstone

D NDW12‐01 54.1 61.0 Light brown limestone, minor sandy texture

D NDW12‐01 61.0 69.6 Lcream limetone, massive with mottled appearance

D NDW12‐01 69.6 72.5 Pale redish silt clay limetone

D NDW12‐01 72.5 139.2 Cream limestone, banded, motttled, horizontal beding, minor pyrite at base along fractures

D NDW12‐01 139.2 141.0 Disturped unconfority suface, fragments of limstone within mostly distrubed shale fragments

D NDW12‐01 141.0 235.0 Mauve siltstone, dip 30 degrees, laminated, soft sediment defomation features common

D NDW12‐01 235.0 291.6 Pale to darker grey, dip 25‐30 degrees, laminated, soft sediment defomation features common

D NDW12‐01 291.6 317.2 Mauve‐grey laminated shale, 25‐20 degree dip, soft sediment deformation features common, minor sulphides on fractures.

EOF

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H0002 Version 4



H0005 State NT















H0303 Downhole_geochem_data_file EL27878_2012_Drill_04_Downhole_Geochem.txt





H0532 Survey_Instrument KT-10

H0533 Survey_Compnay Orogenic Exploration Pty Ltd

H0602 Sample_type Drill core surface

H0701 Sample_Preparation_details Core cleaned with water

H1000 Drillhole Depth_From Depth_to MAGSUS_1 MAGSUS_2 MAGSUS_3 MAGSUS_AVGH1001 metres metres x10‐3 SI x10‐3 SI x10‐3 SI x10‐3 SIH1004 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

D NDW12‐01 1.80 1.95 0.047 0.048 0.042 0.046

D NDW12‐01 3.50 3.60 0.275 0.106 0.102 0.161

D NDW12‐01 4.30 4.40 0.078 0.098 0.185 0.120

D NDW12‐01 4.95 5.05 0.052 0.121 0.119 0.097

D NDW12‐01 5.90 6.10 0.126 0.117 0.128 0.124

D NDW12‐01 6.95 7.02 0.202 0.192 0.172 0.189

D NDW12‐01 7.94 8.07 0.255 0.266 0.242 0.254

D NDW12‐01 8.90 9.00 0.429 0.478 0.470 0.459

D NDW12‐01 9.95 10.02 0.121 0.123 0.127 0.124

D NDW12‐01 10.90 11.00 0.188 0.196 0.196 0.193

D NDW12‐01 23.90 24.00 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.017

D NDW12‐01 32.85 33.00 0.150 0.153 0.139 0.147

D NDW12‐01 36.20 36.30 0.227 0.224 0.223 0.225

D NDW12‐01 37.00 37.25 0.268 0.258 0.263 0.263

D NDW12‐01 38.00 38.10 0.162 0.149 0.136 0.149

D NDW12‐01 38.60 38.70 0.253 0.278 0.274 0.268

D NDW12‐01 39.20 39.30 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.010

D NDW12‐01 39.90 40.00 0.015 0.013 0.019 0.016

D NDW12‐01 41.95 42.05 0.012 0.021 0.016 0.016

D NDW12‐01 42.90 43.10 0.008 0.010 0.014 0.011

D NDW12‐01 43.90 44.00 0.021 0.018 0.014 0.018

D NDW12‐01 45.30 45.40 0.024 0.017 0.021 0.021

D NDW12‐01 47.00 47.15 0.010 0.015 0.007 0.011

D NDW12‐01 47.70 47.80 0.018 0.015 0.005 0.013

D NDW12‐01 49.90 50.00 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.015

D NDW12‐01 51.95 52.10 0.016 0.021 0.011 0.016

D NDW12‐01 53.85 54.00 0.093 0.061 0.058 0.071

D NDW12‐01 55.90 56.00 0.005 0.018 0.019 0.014

D NDW12‐01 57.90 58.00 0.055 0.058 0.100 0.071

D NDW12‐01 59.65 59.75 0.004 0.004 0.008 0.005

D NDW12‐01 60.90 61.00 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010

D NDW12‐01 61.90 62.00 0.010 0.007 0.008 0.008

D NDW12‐01 62.90 63.00 0.008 0.006 0.003 0.006

D NDW12‐01 64.00 64.10 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.007

D NDW12‐01 65.20 65.30 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.007

D NDW12‐01 65.90 66.00 0.015 0.011 0.008 0.011

D NDW12‐01 66.80 66.90 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.003

D NDW12‐01 68.05 68.15 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.011

D NDW12‐01 72.50 72.60 0.001 0.009 0.007 0.006

D NDW12‐01 72.95 73.05 0.027 0.021 0.017 0.022

D NDW12‐01 74.70 74.80 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.017

D NDW12‐01 75.50 75.60 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004

D NDW12‐01 77.35 77.45 0.016 0.007 0.005 0.009

D NDW12‐01 78.35 78.45 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.008

D NDW12‐01 79.15 79.25 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.008

D NDW12‐01 80.05 80.10 0.004 0.001 0.008 0.004

D NDW12‐01 80.60 80.70 0.010 0.009 0.029 0.016

D NDW12‐01 81.60 81.70 0.018 0.005 0.012 0.012

D NDW12‐01 82.55 82.65 0.010 0.004 0.008 0.007

D NDW12‐01 83.85 83.95 0.006 0.006 0.002 0.005

D NDW12‐01 84.90 85.00 0.005 0.010 0.007 0.007

D NDW12‐01 85.90 86.05 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.007

D NDW12‐01 88.20 88.30 0.014 0.005 0.008 0.009

D NDW12‐01 88.95 89.05 0.008 0.010 0.007 0.008

D NDW12‐01 90.95 91.05 0.008 0.004 0.001 0.004

D NDW12‐01 91.95 92.10 0.005 0.009 0.007 0.007

D NDW12‐01 93.95 94.00 0.002 0.005 0.005 0.004

D NDW12‐01 97.90 98.00 0.040 0.029 0.012 0.027

D NDW12‐01 99.95 100.05 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004

D NDW12‐01 100.90 101.00 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.004

D NDW12‐01 102.60 102.75 0.012 0.006 0.009 0.009

D NDW12‐01 103.95 104.05 0.003 0.007 0.008 0.006

D NDW12‐01 105.60 105.75 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002

D NDW12‐01 106.90 107.00 0.009 0.003 0.004 0.005

D NDW12‐01 108.80 108.95 0.010 0.002 0.005 0.006

D NDW12‐01 111.10 111.15 0.018 0.021 0.006 0.015

D NDW12‐01 111.65 111.75 0.030 0.041 0.025 0.032

D NDW12‐01 114.25 114.35 0.006 0.007 0.010 0.008

D NDW12‐01 116.30 116.45 0.011 0.006 0.010 0.009

D NDW12‐01 119.00 119.15 0.016 0.014 0.016 0.015

D NDW12‐01 124.00 124.10 0.013 0.002 0.002 0.006

D NDW12‐01 125.35 125.45 0.011 0.021 0.009 0.014

D NDW12‐01 126.60 126.70 0.027 0.026 0.033 0.029

D NDW12‐01 128.95 129.05 0.007 0.009 0.010 0.009

D NDW12‐01 130.95 131.05 0.044 0.041 0.049 0.045

D NDW12‐01 134.05 134.20 0.009 0.001 0.008 0.006

D NDW12‐01 136.15 136.30 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.003

D NDW12‐01 137.55 137.60 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.002

D NDW12‐01 137.70 137.80 0.007 0.015 0.009 0.010

D NDW12‐01 137.96 138.00 0.007 0.004 0.005 0.005

D NDW12‐01 138.45 138.55 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002

D NDW12‐01 139.60 139.70 0.247 0.271 0.272 0.263

D NDW12‐01 139.85 140.00 0.150 0.167 0.175 0.164

D NDW12‐01 140.60 140.65 0.030 0.034 0.029 0.031

D NDW12‐01 141.00 141.10 0.222 0.207 0.217 0.215

D NDW12‐01 142.00 142.05 0.158 0.158 0.139 0.152

D NDW12‐01 143.00 143.10 0.107 0.053 0.050 0.070

D NDW12‐01 143.95 144.00 0.097 0.094 0.108 0.100

D NDW12‐01 144.90 144.95 0.131 0.123 0.127 0.127

D NDW12‐01 146.10 146.15 0.136 0.146 0.148 0.143

D NDW12‐01 146.95 147.05 0.105 0.110 0.114 0.110

D NDW12‐01 149.05 149.10 0.046 0.023 0.022 0.030

D NDW12‐01 150.60 150.70 0.139 0.128 0.127 0.131

D NDW12‐01 151.35 151.45 0.112 0.116 0.047 0.092

D NDW12‐01 153.65 153.75 0.072 0.058 0.067 0.066

D NDW12‐01 155.50 155.60 0.115 0.125 0.120 0.120

D NDW12‐01 156.50 156.60 0.030 0.052 0.047 0.043

D NDW12‐01 158.10 158.15 0.018 0.013 0.014 0.015

D NDW12‐01 158.95 159.05 0.055 0.055 0.060 0.057

D NDW12‐01 160.95 161.00 0.053 0.032 0.040 0.042

D NDW12‐01 162.95 163.10 0.034 0.038 0.014 0.029

D NDW12‐01 163.95 164.05 0.104 0.059 0.057 0.073

D NDW12‐01 164.95 165.00 0.063 0.061 0.138 0.087

D NDW12‐01 166.85 166.95 0.153 0.145 0.109 0.136

D NDW12‐01 167.80 167.90 0.145 0.134 0.135 0.138

D NDW12‐01 169.75 169.80 0.199 0.151 0.152 0.167

D NDW12‐01 171.50 171.60 0.162 0.206 0.196 0.188

D NDW12‐01 173.30 173.40 0.165 0.168 0.165 0.166

D NDW12‐01 175.95 176.00 0.117 0.126 0.150 0.131

D NDW12‐01 177.25 177.30 0.186 0.163 0.173 0.174

D NDW12‐01 178.20 178.40 0.250 0.228 0.226 0.235

D NDW12‐01 179.35 179.45 0.160 0.196 0.191 0.182

D NDW12‐01 182.90 183.00 0.221 0.226 0.219 0.222

D NDW12‐01 184.85 184.95 0.278 0.276 0.279 0.278

D NDW12‐01 187.20 187.35 0.256 0.306 0.293 0.285

D NDW12‐01 189.80 189.90 0.244 0.245 0.242 0.244

D NDW12‐01 190.95 191.05 0.305 0.307 0.293 0.302

D NDW12‐01 192.10 192.20 0.423 0.429 0.420 0.424

D NDW12‐01 193.75 193.85 0.380 0.375 0.376 0.377

D NDW12‐01 194.65 194.75 0.314 0.352 0.343 0.336

D NDW12‐01 196.00 196.10 0.242 0.257 0.265 0.255

D NDW12‐01 197.10 197.20 0.169 0.239 0.211 0.206

D NDW12‐01 198.00 198.10 0.273 0.250 0.250 0.258

D NDW12‐01 199.00 199.05 0.215 0.196 0.215 0.209

D NDW12‐01 200.10 200.20 0.171 0.176 0.170 0.172

D NDW12‐01 201.60 201.70 0.178 0.171 0.176 0.175

D NDW12‐01 203.05 203.15 0.161 0.175 0.178 0.171

D NDW12‐01 203.70 203.75 0.170 0.186 0.193 0.183

D NDW12‐01 205.50 205.60 0.021 0.051 0.042 0.038

D NDW12‐01 207.30 207.40 0.211 0.305 0.296 0.271

D NDW12‐01 209.00 209.10 0.233 0.224 0.227 0.228

D NDW12‐01 210.85 211.00 0.284 0.268 0.268 0.273

D NDW12‐01 211.95 212.05 0.297 0.273 0.261 0.277

D NDW12‐01 214.00 214.10 0.350 0.344 0.352 0.349

D NDW12‐01 215.90 216.00 0.285 0.262 0.272 0.273

D NDW12‐01 216.10 216.15 0.035 0.031 0.026 0.031

D NDW12‐01 217.95 218.00 0.237 0.246 0.248 0.244

D NDW12‐01 218.95 219.10 0.269 0.254 0.251 0.258

D NDW12‐01 220.70 220.78 0.378 0.389 0.437 0.401

D NDW12‐01 223.35 223.45 0.115 0.121 0.118 0.118

D NDW12‐01 224.25 224.40 0.374 0.377 0.370 0.374

D NDW12‐01 225.95 226.00 0.117 0.150 0.151 0.139

D NDW12‐01 227.40 227.50 0.106 0.124 0.145 0.125

D NDW12‐01 229.65 229.75 0.153 0.152 0.150 0.152

D NDW12‐01 232.40 232.50 0.212 0.211 0.222 0.215

D NDW12‐01 233.00 233.15 0.241 0.197 0.195 0.211

D NDW12‐01 233.90 234.00 0.198 0.203 0.203 0.201

D NDW12‐01 234.95 235.05 0.283 0.288 0.285 0.285

D NDW12‐01 235.95 236.05 0.168 0.168 0.166 0.167

D NDW12‐01 236.80 236.90 0.312 0.308 0.305 0.308

D NDW12‐01 238.05 238.15 0.159 0.142 0.147 0.149

D NDW12‐01 238.95 239.10 0.177 0.173 0.175 0.175

D NDW12‐01 240.05 240.15 0.205 0.206 0.196 0.202

D NDW12‐01 241.75 241.85 0.202 0.202 0.206 0.203

D NDW12‐01 242.05 242.10 0.104 0.095 0.036 0.078

D NDW12‐01 243.60 243.70 0.165 0.160 0.165 0.163

D NDW12‐01 244.95 245.10 0.241 0.256 0.264 0.254

D NDW12‐01 245.80 246.00 0.292 0.297 0.291 0.293

D NDW12‐01 247.95 248.05 0.167 0.147 0.111 0.142

D NDW12‐01 249.60 249.75 0.223 0.287 0.290 0.267

D NDW12‐01 250.80 250.90 0.152 0.146 0.141 0.146

D NDW12‐01 251.90 252.00 0.246 0.235 0.227 0.236

D NDW12‐01 253.90 254.05 0.528 0.484 0.501 0.504

D NDW12‐01 256.95 257.10 0.228 0.230 0.228 0.229

D NDW12‐01 259.05 259.15 0.366 0.357 0.360 0.361

D NDW12‐01 260.85 260.95 0.513 0.503 0.519 0.512

D NDW12‐01 262.95 263.05 0.233 0.224 0.220 0.226

D NDW12‐01 263.90 264.00 0.205 0.161 0.105 0.157

D NDW12‐01 265.00 265.10 0.216 0.227 0.230 0.224

D NDW12‐01 266.00 266.10 0.282 0.286 0.272 0.280

D NDW12‐01 268.45 268.55 0.101 0.141 0.157 0.133

D NDW12‐01 269.85 269.95 0.349 0.326 0.144 0.273

D NDW12‐01 271.45 271.55 0.718 0.482 0.671 0.624

D NDW12‐01 272.90 273.00 0.327 0.169 0.105 0.200

D NDW12‐01 273.85 273.95 0.303 0.331 0.316 0.317

D NDW12‐01 274.85 275.05 0.203 0.195 0.175 0.191

D NDW12‐01 276.90 277.00 0.229 0.164 0.162 0.185

D NDW12‐01 278.05 278.15 0.140 0.145 0.141 0.142

D NDW12‐01 279.40 279.50 1.550 1.600 1.530 1.560

D NDW12‐01 280.35 280.45 0.253 0.284 0.481 0.339

D NDW12‐01 281.25 281.35 0.308 0.244 0.557 0.370

D NDW12‐01 282.30 282.40 0.448 1.040 1.130 0.873

D NDW12‐01 283.50 283.60 1.670 1.430 1.650 1.583

D NDW12‐01 284.50 284.64 0.229 0.280 0.117 0.209

D NDW12‐01 285.20 285.30 1.340 1.230 0.728 1.099

D NDW12‐01 286.30 286.40 0.147 0.145 0.118 0.137

D NDW12‐01 287.60 287.70 0.606 0.177 0.308 0.364

D NDW12‐01 288.22 288.38 0.366 0.698 0.614 0.559

D NDW12‐01 289.43 289.52 0.194 0.397 0.385 0.325

D NDW12‐01 290.22 290.31 0.311 0.198 0.144 0.218

D NDW12‐01 291.60 291.70 0.249 0.194 0.238 0.227

D NDW12‐01 292.68 292.76 0.348 0.506 1.100 0.651

D NDW12‐01 293.25 293.39 0.379 0.318 0.317 0.338

D NDW12‐01 294.67 294.78 0.278 1.650 0.816 0.915

D NDW12‐01 295.60 295.70 0.266 0.168 0.263 0.232

D NDW12‐01 296.70 296.84 0.288 0.357 0.329 0.325

D NDW12‐01 297.60 297.72 0.236 0.249 0.186 0.224

D NDW12‐01 298.29 298.35 0.267 0.279 0.170 0.239

D NDW12‐01 299.30 299.39 0.301 0.444 0.398 0.381

D NDW12‐01 300.72 300.85 0.320 0.417 0.198 0.312

D NDW12‐01 301.42 301.60 0.208 0.282 0.336 0.275

D NDW12‐01 302.72 302.90 0.223 0.251 0.189 0.221

D NDW12‐01 303.60 303.71 0.234 0.208 0.197 0.213

D NDW12‐01 304.60 304.70 0.260 0.292 0.287 0.280

D NDW12‐01 305.75 305.84 0.407 0.386 0.408 0.400

D NDW12‐01 306.64 306.74 0.633 0.702 0.749 0.695

D NDW12‐01 307.70 307.77 0.313 0.246 0.380 0.313

D NDW12‐01 308.54 308.64 0.321 0.281 0.321 0.308

D NDW12‐01 309.55 309.63 0.288 0.216 0.262 0.255

D NDW12‐01 310.40 310.48 0.327 0.375 0.327 0.343

D NDW12‐01 311.40 311.49 0.219 0.196 0.164 0.193

D NDW12‐01 312.20 312.30 0.235 0.171 0.237 0.214

D NDW12‐01 313.55 313.62 0.096 0.109 0.115 0.107

D NDW12‐01 314.52 314.60 0.067 0.066 0.048 0.060

D NDW12‐01 315.13 315.24 0.197 0.228 0.323 0.249

D NDW12‐01 316.54 316.64 0.247 0.293 0.286 0.275

EOF

App

endi

x 6

H0002 Version 4



H0005 State NT




















H0532 Survey_Instrument Generic fishing scales

H0533 Survey_Compnay Terra Search Pty Ltd

H0602 Sample_type Drill core surface

H1000 Drillhole Depth_From Depth_to DRY WEIGHT WET WEIGHT Realative DensityH1001 metres metres kg kg To waterH1004 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05

D NDW12‐01 1.80 1.95 0.460 0.275 2.49

D NDW12‐01 3.50 3.60 0.210 0.125 2.47

D NDW12‐01 4.30 4.40 0.285 0.105 1.58

D NDW12‐01 4.95 5.05 0.325 0.185 2.32

D NDW12‐01 5.90 6.10 0.530 0.285 2.16

D NDW12‐01 6.95 7.02 0.155 0.080 2.07

D NDW12‐01 7.94 8.07 0.365 0.185 2.03

D NDW12‐01 8.90 9.00 0.260 0.140 2.17

D NDW12‐01 9.95 10.02 0.110 0.050 1.83

D NDW12‐01 10.90 11.00 0.255 0.115 1.82

D NDW12‐01 23.90 24.00 0.660 0.350 2.13

D NDW12‐01 32.85 33.00 0.590 0.305 2.07

D NDW12‐01 39.20 39.30 0.625 0.370 2.45

D NDW12‐01 39.90 40.00 0.525 0.325 2.63

D NDW12‐01 41.95 42.05 0.660 0.340 2.06

D NDW12‐01 42.90 43.10 0.780 0.495 2.74

D NDW12‐01 43.90 44.00 0.910 0.580 2.76

D NDW12‐01 45.30 45.40 0.905 0.570 2.70

D NDW12‐01 47.00 47.15 1.045 0.645 2.61

D NDW12‐01 47.70 47.80 0.600 0.380 2.73

D NDW12‐01 49.90 50.00 1.175 0.730 2.64

D NDW12‐01 51.95 52.10 0.940 0.530 2.29

D NDW12‐01 53.85 54.00 0.930 0.525 2.30

D NDW12‐01 61.90 62.00 0.675 0.405 2.50

D NDW12‐01 62.90 63.00 0.715 0.425 2.47

D NDW12‐01 64.00 64.10 0.745 0.440 2.44

D NDW12‐01 65.20 65.30 0.585 0.345 2.44

D NDW12‐01 65.90 66.00 0.600 0.395 2.93

D NDW12‐01 66.80 66.90 0.545 0.310 2.32

D NDW12‐01 68.05 68.15 0.480 0.275 2.34

D NDW12‐01 72.50 72.60 0.665 0.385 2.38

D NDW12‐01 72.95 73.05 0.490 0.275 2.28

D NDW12‐01 74.70 74.80 0.650 0.375 2.36

D NDW12‐01 75.50 75.60 0.565 0.335 2.46

D NDW12‐01 77.35 77.45 0.390 0.220 2.29

D NDW12‐01 78.35 78.45 0.795 0.405 2.04

D NDW12‐01 79.15 79.25 0.530 0.255 1.93

D NDW12‐01 80.05 80.10 0.270 0.140 2.08

D NDW12‐01 80.60 80.70 0.430 0.240 2.26

D NDW12‐01 81.60 81.70 0.625 0.370 2.45

D NDW12‐01 82.55 82.65 0.865 0.515 2.47

D NDW12‐01 83.85 83.95 0.710 0.425 2.49

D NDW12‐01 84.90 85.00 0.560 0.345 2.60

D NDW12‐01 85.90 86.05 0.865 0.540 2.66

D NDW12‐01 88.20 88.30 0.740 0.455 2.60

D NDW12‐01 88.95 89.05 0.725 0.435 2.50

D NDW12‐01 90.95 91.05 0.660 0.390 2.44

D NDW12‐01 91.95 92.10 0.985 0.575 2.40

D NDW12‐01 93.95 94.00 0.345 0.200 2.38

D NDW12‐01 97.90 98.00 0.540 0.315 2.40

D NDW12‐01 99.95 100.05 0.495 0.295 2.48

D NDW12‐01 100.90 101.00 0.585 0.350 2.49

D NDW12‐01 102.60 102.75 0.960 0.575 2.49

D NDW12‐01 103.95 104.05 0.610 0.370 2.54

D NDW12‐01 105.60 105.75 1.020 0.600 2.43

D NDW12‐01 106.90 107.00 0.600 0.355 2.45

D NDW12‐01 108.80 108.95 0.560 0.330 2.43

D NDW12‐01 111.10 111.15 0.535 0.300 2.28

D NDW12‐01 111.65 111.75 0.785 0.455 2.38

D NDW12‐01 114.25 114.35 0.555 0.310 2.27

D NDW12‐01 116.30 116.45 0.710 0.410 2.37

D NDW12‐01 119.00 119.15 0.895 0.545 2.56

D NDW12‐01 124.00 124.10 0.385 0.230 2.48

D NDW12‐01 125.35 125.45 0.795 0.470 2.45

D NDW12‐01 126.60 126.70 0.645 0.385 2.48

D NDW12‐01 128.95 129.05 0.705 0.430 2.56

D NDW12‐01 130.95 131.05 0.810 0.460 2.31

D NDW12‐01 134.05 134.20 1.080 0.665 2.60

D NDW12‐01 136.15 136.30 1.115 0.680 2.56

D NDW12‐01 137.55 137.60 0.445 0.270 2.54

D NDW12‐01 137.70 137.80 0.695 0.440 2.73

D NDW12‐01 137.96 138.00 0.335 0.210 2.68

D NDW12‐01 138.45 138.55 0.810 0.500 2.61

D NDW12‐01 139.60 139.70 0.630 0.355 2.29

D NDW12‐01 139.85 140.00 1.240 0.715 2.36

D NDW12‐01 140.60 140.65 0.425 0.245 2.36

D NDW12‐01 141.00 141.10 0.760 0.460 2.53

D NDW12‐01 142.00 142.05 0.580 0.355 2.58

D NDW12‐01 143.00 143.10 0.415 0.250 2.52

D NDW12‐01 143.95 144.00 0.375 0.225 2.50

D NDW12‐01 144.90 144.95 0.325 0.190 2.41

D NDW12‐01 146.10 146.15 0.475 0.285 2.50

D NDW12‐01 146.95 147.05 0.655 0.395 2.52

D NDW12‐01 149.05 149.10 0.290 0.175 2.52

D NDW12‐01 150.60 150.70 0.770 0.475 2.61

D NDW12‐01 151.35 151.45 0.635 0.390 2.59

D NDW12‐01 153.65 153.75 0.665 0.410 2.61

D NDW12‐01 155.50 155.60 0.730 0.455 2.65

D NDW12‐01 156.50 156.60 0.470 0.285 2.54

D NDW12‐01 158.10 158.15 0.410 0.255 2.65

D NDW12‐01 158.95 159.05 0.365 0.220 2.52

D NDW12‐01 160.95 161.00 0.240 0.140 2.40

D NDW12‐01 162.95 163.10 0.200 0.130 2.86

D NDW12‐01 163.95 164.05 0.590 0.355 2.51

D NDW12‐01 164.95 165.00 0.425 0.255 2.50

D NDW12‐01 166.85 166.95 0.405 0.245 2.53

D NDW12‐01 167.80 167.90 0.850 0.520 2.58

D NDW12‐01 169.75 169.80 0.560 0.340 2.55

D NDW12‐01 171.50 171.60 0.475 0.290 2.57

D NDW12‐01 173.30 173.40 0.580 0.355 2.58

D NDW12‐01 175.95 176.00 0.335 0.205 2.58

D NDW12‐01 177.25 177.30 0.410 0.255 2.65

D NDW12‐01 178.20 178.40 0.960 0.585 2.56

D NDW12‐01 179.35 179.45 0.885 0.545 2.60

D NDW12‐01 182.90 183.00 0.550 0.340 2.62

D NDW12‐01 184.85 184.95 0.660 0.405 2.59

D NDW12‐01 187.20 187.35 1.155 0.715 2.63

D NDW12‐01 189.80 189.90 0.670 0.410 2.58

D NDW12‐01 190.95 191.05 0.595 0.360 2.53

D NDW12‐01 192.10 192.20 0.815 0.500 2.59

D NDW12‐01 193.75 193.85 0.760 0.470 2.62

D NDW12‐01 194.65 194.75 0.510 0.310 2.55

D NDW12‐01 196.00 196.10 0.665 0.405 2.56

D NDW12‐01 197.10 197.20 0.705 0.435 2.61

D NDW12‐01 198.00 198.10 0.580 0.355 2.58

D NDW12‐01 199.00 199.05 0.415 0.255 2.59

D NDW12‐01 200.10 200.20 0.990 0.610 2.61

D NDW12‐01 201.60 201.70 0.580 0.355 2.58

D NDW12‐01 203.05 203.15 0.530 0.320 2.52

D NDW12‐01 203.70 203.75 0.495 0.305 2.61

D NDW12‐01 205.50 205.60 0.605 0.375 2.63

D NDW12‐01 207.30 207.40 0.625 0.385 2.60

D NDW12‐01 209.00 209.10 0.690 0.445 2.82

D NDW12‐01 210.85 211.00 0.745 0.465 2.66

D NDW12‐01 211.95 212.05 0.695 0.435 2.67

D NDW12‐01 214.00 214.10 0.675 0.415 2.60

D NDW12‐01 215.90 216.00 0.715 0.445 2.65

D NDW12‐01 223.35 223.45 0.610 0.370 2.54

D NDW12‐01 224.25 224.40 1.080 0.640 2.45

D NDW12‐01 225.95 226.00 0.335 0.210 2.68

D NDW12‐01 227.40 227.50 0.875 0.535 2.57

D NDW12‐01 229.65 229.75 0.510 0.315 2.62

D NDW12‐01 232.40 232.50 0.610 0.375 2.60

D NDW12‐01 233.00 233.15 0.855 0.525 2.59

D NDW12‐01 233.90 234.00 0.525 0.320 2.56

D NDW12‐01 234.95 235.05 0.395 0.250 2.72

D NDW12‐01 235.95 236.05 0.535 0.330 2.61

D NDW12‐01 236.80 236.90 0.670 0.415 2.63

D NDW12‐01 238.05 238.15 0.585 0.360 2.60

D NDW12‐01 238.95 239.10 0.675 0.415 2.60

D NDW12‐01 240.05 240.15 0.730 0.445 2.56

D NDW12‐01 241.75 241.85 0.700 0.430 2.59

D NDW12‐01 242.05 242.10 0.505 0.310 2.59

D NDW12‐01 243.60 243.70 0.800 0.490 2.58

D NDW12‐01 244.95 245.10 0.795 0.490 2.61

D NDW12‐01 245.80 246.00 1.280 0.790 2.61

D NDW12‐01 247.95 248.05 0.670 0.405 2.53

D NDW12‐01 249.60 249.75 1.110 0.685 2.61

D NDW12‐01 250.80 250.90 0.725 0.445 2.59

D NDW12‐01 251.90 252.00 0.830 0.505 2.55

D NDW12‐01 253.90 254.05 0.685 0.420 2.58

D NDW12‐01 256.95 257.10 0.620 0.385 2.64

D NDW12‐01 259.05 259.15 0.730 0.455 2.65

D NDW12‐01 260.85 260.95 0.770 0.475 2.61

D NDW12‐01 262.95 263.05 0.585 0.355 2.54

D NDW12‐01 263.90 264.00 0.485 0.300 2.62

D NDW12‐01 265.00 265.10 0.895 0.540 2.52

D NDW12‐01 266.00 266.10 0.775 0.475 2.58

D NDW12‐01 268.45 268.55 0.680 0.420 2.62

D NDW12‐01 269.85 269.95 0.690 0.420 2.56

D NDW12‐01 271.45 271.55 0.960 0.590 2.59

D NDW12‐01 272.90 273.00 0.690 0.425 2.60

D NDW12‐01 273.85 273.95 0.895 0.585 2.89

D NDW12‐01 274.85 275.05 1.110 0.690 2.64

D NDW12‐01 276.90 277.00 0.715 0.440 2.60

D NDW12‐01 278.05 278.15 0.645 0.395 2.58

D NDW12‐01 279.40 279.50 0.810 0.505 2.66

D NDW12‐01 280.35 280.45 0.820 0.510 2.65

D NDW12‐01 281.25 281.35 1.045 0.655 2.68

D NDW12‐01 282.30 282.40 0.700 0.435 2.64

D NDW12‐01 283.50 283.60 0.965 0.615 2.76

D NDW12‐01 284.50 284.64 1.175 0.730 2.64

D NDW12‐01 285.20 285.30 0.925 0.580 2.68

D NDW12‐01 286.30 286.40 0.685 0.425 2.63

D NDW12‐01 287.60 287.70 1.050 0.655 2.66

D NDW12‐01 288.22 288.38 1.069 0.655 2.58

D NDW12‐01 289.43 289.52 0.750 0.465 2.63

D NDW12‐01 290.22 290.31 0.675 0.420 2.65

D NDW12‐01 291.60 291.70 0.810 0.500 2.61

D NDW12‐01 292.68 292.76 0.695 0.440 2.73

D NDW12‐01 293.25 293.39 1.195 0.765 2.78

D NDW12‐01 294.67 294.78 0.955 0.635 2.98

D NDW12‐01 295.60 295.70 0.570 0.360 2.71

D NDW12‐01 296.70 296.84 1.155 0.730 2.72

D NDW12‐01 297.60 297.72 1.025 0.655 2.77

D NDW12‐01 298.29 298.35 0.785 0.500 2.75

D NDW12‐01 299.30 299.39 0.755 0.485 2.80

D NDW12‐01 300.72 300.85 1.320 0.855 2.84

D NDW12‐01 301.42 301.60 1.155 0.740 2.78

D NDW12‐01 302.72 302.90 1.470 0.935 2.75

D NDW12‐01 303.60 303.71 0.860 0.540 2.69

D NDW12‐01 304.60 304.70 0.810 0.510 2.70

D NDW12‐01 305.75 305.84 0.885 0.580 2.90

D NDW12‐01 306.64 306.74 0.805 0.510 2.73

D NDW12‐01 307.70 307.77 0.510 0.315 2.62

D NDW12‐01 308.54 308.64 0.865 0.560 2.84

D NDW12‐01 309.55 309.63 0.715 0.455 2.75

D NDW12‐01 310.40 310.48 0.660 0.420 2.75

D NDW12‐01 311.40 311.49 0.775 0.490 2.72

D NDW12‐01 312.20 312.30 0.965 0.610 2.72

D NDW12‐01 313.55 313.62 0.615 0.425 3.24

D NDW12‐01 314.52 314.60 0.585 0.360 2.60

D NDW12‐01 315.13 315.24 0.960 0.610 2.74

D NDW12‐01 316.54 316.64 0.990 0.665 3.05

EOF

App

endi

x 7

Palynological analysis and dating of one sample from stratigraphic drillhole

NDW12‐001, Daly Waters, Northen Territory

Author: Liliana M Stoian

One sample from NDW12‐001 stratigraphic drillhole, Daly Waters, has been submitted to Liliana Stoian, Senior Geoscientist, Geological Survey of South Australia for palynological analysis and dating.

The sample was collected by Steven Cooper, depth 38.5 to 38.6m, and represents a black clay layer sitting above an unconformity with underlying limestone, possible Devonian age. Sample size for palynological analysis is about 20‐30g.

Traditional palynological methods were employed including digesting in HCl and HF acids followed by heavy liquid separation (SPT – sodium polytungstate liquit at density 2). No much separation was observed after heavy liquid and all organic material was mounted on a slide using Eukit media. Palynomorph identification was undertaken by the author using a Zeiss Photomicroscope III.

Results

Fossil pollen of Malvacipollis diversus, Haloragacidites harrisii (Casuarina type) and Eucalyptus spathulata are present in very low frequencies. No other pollen grains were present. The palynofloras are difficult to correlate with any palynofloral zones developed in Australia due to lack of any key taxa and species diversity. Pollen of Eucalyptus spathulatha could come from modern eucalyptus species.

Marine microplankton is well represented and include the following taxa: Ataxiodinium confusum, Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae, Tectatodinium pellitum, Bitectatodinium tepikiense, Apteodinium spp. Similar dinoflagellate cysts are known elsewhere from Neogene and Quaternary and their presence in the sample is associated with a marine event. Species of Bitectatodinium tepikiense and Tectatodinium pellitum are indicators of neritic to oceanic environment.

Sample also contain small amount of grass phytoliths (trapezoid, bilobate and fan shapes). Phytoliths are biogenic silica produced by many plants, very resistant to weathering and preserved in modern soil as well as in older sediments.

The sample does not contain any reworked palynomorphs.

Based on dinoflagellate cysts assemblages and correlation with similar assemblages found elsewhere, the sample is likely to be dated Late Miocene – Early Pliocene.

App

endi

x 8

H0002 Version 4



H0005 State NT









H0202 Template_format DG1











H0602 Sample_type Cut drill core surface

H0701 Sample_Preparation_details Core cleaned with water

H0801 Assay_Company NRE Operations Pty Ltd

H0802 Assay_description Hand held DeltaX Premium XRF (HHXRF), 180 seconds per sample

H1000 Drillhole Depth Material XRF_Mode P P +/‐ S S +/‐ Cl Cl +/‐ K K +/‐ Ca Ca +/‐ Ti Ti +/‐ V V +/‐ Cr Cr +/‐ Mn Mn +/‐ Fe Fe +/‐ Co Co +/‐ Ni Ni +/‐ Cu Cu +/‐ Zn Zn +/‐ As As +/‐ Se Se +/‐ Rb Rb +/‐ Sr Sr +/‐ Zr Zr +/‐ Mo Mo +/‐ Ag Ag +/‐H1001 Metre ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppmH1004 0.1

D NDW12‐01 1.4 Sediment Soil 1357 389 ‐65 199 ‐927 137 3042 88 644 46 10228 114 220 8 40 10 72 9 372465 1776 265 4 ‐761 12 20 4 281 5 41.4 2 ‐0.7 0.7 12.1 1.2 61.9 1.9 103 2 9.2 1.1 2 4

D NDW12‐01 2.4 Sediment Soil 619 334 430 178 ‐565 134 3411 98 971 49 12382 134 165 7 123 9 48 8 164577 851 160 3 ‐456 10 31 4 246 5 30.4 1.6 ‐0.2 0.7 29.4 1.1 78 2 142 3 8.3 1.3 ‐2 5

D NDW12‐01 3 Sediment Soil 694 248 406 130 ‐493 85 4693 80 255 32 5848 56 279 5 171 7 ‐12 6 84983 296 33.6 1.3 ‐91 5 6 2 179 3 14.4 0.8 0.1 0.4 30.5 0.7 105.7 1.9 142 2 5.1 0.8 ‐3 3

D NDW12‐01 4 Sediment Soil 317 138 351 64 50 49 4273 58 454 24 4234 33 103 3 117 4 39 3 14694 57 7.7 0.5 ‐6 3 12 1.8 983 6 3.4 0.7 1 0.4 31.5 0.7 484 5 230 3 0.6 0.8 3 2

D NDW12‐01 5 Sediment Soil 556 180 5159 154 51 54 4999 65 9060 79 4159 34 101 3 99 4 84 4 19107 71 9.3 0.6 ‐16 3 11.5 1.8 210 3 4.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 28.2 0.6 372 5 189 2 3.1 0.8 3 2

D NDW12‐01 6 Sediment Soil 106 226 2277 159 26 86 4250 86 3696 65 3446 41 59 4 56 5 13 5 30793 138 7.1 0.9 ‐31 5 18 3 320 4 5.9 0.7 ‐0.8 0.5 26.8 0.8 28.1 1.1 122 2 5.3 0.9 1 3

D NDW12‐01 7 Sediment Soil 1650 245 4394 180 ‐232 75 3117 62 4209 59 4396 42 390 5 463 8 159 6 59145 213 29.1 1.1 ‐63 5 101 3 333 4 8.6 0.8 0.3 0.4 16.7 0.7 613 8 157 2 4.2 0.8 1 3

D NDW12‐01 8 Sediment Soil 812 259 6848 224 136 88 3571 68 6669 79 4015 42 70 4 102 6 4 5 85184 304 33.4 1.3 ‐87 5 20 2 354 4 4.2 0.7 0.1 0.4 18.9 0.6 64.5 1.4 168 2 2 0.8 ‐5 3

D NDW12‐01 9 Sediment Soil 1298 395 11907 358 577 139 3531 86 12072 145 4084 55 118 5 163 9 ‐22 8 182481 690 55 2 ‐189 7 3 3 410 4 17.7 1.1 ‐0.2 0.5 15.4 0.8 32.7 1.1 207 3 4.9 0.9 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 10 Sediment Soil 484 250 4455 192 324 90 3036 64 5813 73 3935 41 69 4 119 6 20 5 84730 302 28.2 1.3 ‐75 5 8 2 111 2 7.7 0.8 ‐0.1 0.4 15.6 0.6 49.3 1.2 229 3 3.9 0.9 ‐6 3

D NDW12‐01 11 Sediment Soil 113 217 4661 182 379 80 2605 57 5325 67 3232 34 83 3 114 5 9 5 48760 175 16.7 1 ‐51 4 18 2 66.3 1.7 8.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 17.7 0.6 63.6 1.4 169 2 3.5 0.8 0 3

D NDW12‐01 12 Sediment Soil ‐38 143 135 65 125 57 3520 59 ‐67 21 3675 34 60 3 66 4 8 3 20139 77 9.1 0.6 ‐28 4 6.7 1.8 47.6 1.5 4.5 0.7 ‐0.4 0.4 22.9 0.6 83.5 1.5 227 3 1.2 0.8 5 3

D NDW12‐01 15 Sediment Soil ‐447 109 105 50 462 49 616 27 ‐268 14 1755 18 21.5 1.7 21 2 ‐1 3 8192 36 ‐1.3 0.3 11 3 9 1.6 10.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 2.2 0.4 13.4 0.5 32.8 0.7 ‐0.1 0.5 3 2

D NDW12‐01 20 Sediment Soil ‐323 125 2054 98 763 55 1168 33 2440 37 1511 17 17.8 1.6 24 2 0 3 6883 32 ‐0.6 0.3 13 3 6.5 1.6 196 2 0.8 0.5 0 0.3 5.8 0.4 22.1 0.7 28.2 0.6 1.9 0.5 1 2

D NDW12‐01 25 Sediment Soil 584 114 116 39 81 32 198 18 ‐213 13 313 7 4.5 0.8 1.9 1.7 ‐6 2 835 9 0.1 0.1 18 3 6.5 1.5 7.4 0.7 ‐1.1 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.3 6.7 0.4 29.5 0.6 ‐0.2 0.5 0 2

D NDW12‐01 30 Sediment Soil 348 205 242 97 ‐94 80 38183 335 470 52 6338 59 80 4 77 5 135 5 26883 117 8.9 0.8 21 5 50 3 84 2 4.1 0.7 ‐0.2 0.5 191.9 1.6 24.1 1 277 4 ‐0.7 1.1 ‐2 3

D NDW12‐01 35 Sediment Soil 161 285 190 140 ‐308 120 35569 435 574 69 3646 54 62 5 60 7 258 9 26948 155 8.7 1.1 31 7 7 3 10 3 5.1 0.9 0.4 0.6 188 2 23.3 1.2 124 3 3.1 1.2 1 4

D NDW12‐01 40 Sediment Soil ‐300 636 1405 196 831 91 2517 61 345229 2162 296 9 13.8 1.3 ‐6 2 647 8 4632 27 ‐0.1 0.3 27 4 8.2 1.8 172 2 ‐0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 2.9 0.4 32.2 0.9 3 0.4 ‐0.7 0.5 3 3

D NDW12‐01 45 Sediment Soil 189 616 1130 190 325 87 11108 126 287850 1904 693 13 11.3 1.5 2 3 393 6 6332 35 1.9 0.4 18 4 15 2 369 4 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.4 22.9 0.6 34.1 1 15.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 0 3

D NDW12‐01 50 Sediment Soil 972 662 651 193 1261 99 2186 61 338882 2213 205 7 4.9 1.1 ‐9 2 381 6 2247 18 1.3 0.2 18 4 47 2 61.5 1.8 0.6 0.5 ‐0.3 0.4 4.9 0.5 32.6 1 2.7 0.4 ‐0.2 0.5 ‐3 3

D NDW12‐01 55 Sediment Soil 182 685 539 199 1262 102 842 51 363690 2392 258 8 2.7 1.1 3 2 378 6 4040 26 0.6 0.3 11 4 8.8 1.9 736 6 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.4 1 0.4 28.5 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.5 3 3

D NDW12‐01 60 Sediment Soil 337 533 434 160 636 86 20671 189 211961 1402 953 16 16.4 1.7 5 3 261 5 8249 39 3.3 0.4 66 4 19.5 2 102.1 2 1.8 0.6 1.9 0.4 40.7 0.7 75.1 1.5 35.2 0.8 ‐1.7 0.6 ‐2 3

D NDW12‐01 65 Sediment Soil ‐1169 1098 3526 340 2533 154 2691 84 818588 5812 432 11 8.6 1.4 4 3 118 4 3478 26 ‐1.3 0.3 39 5 15 2 208 3 1.2 0.6 1.7 0.5 2.6 0.5 92.2 2 5.7 0.6 ‐1.2 0.6 6 3

D NDW12‐01 70 Sediment Soil 6133 1051 4104 327 993 135 7629 118 704729 5001 1849 25 13 2 12 3 127 5 12126 61 0.1 0.5 39 5 135 3 145 3 3.2 0.7 1.3 0.5 14.4 0.6 101 2 14.4 0.7 ‐0.5 0.7 0 3

D NDW12‐01 75 Sediment Soil ‐443 435 1368 150 211 71 25976 208 161128 997 1782 21 34 2 38 3 207 5 9692 44 1.8 0.4 28 4 16.6 1.9 175 2 1.7 0.5 1.1 0.4 72.2 0.9 65.9 1.3 53.9 1 0.1 0.6 3 3

D NDW12‐01 80 Sediment Soil ‐1916 656 529 192 2447 109 541 45 387382 2398 127 6 2 0.9 ‐4 2 116 4 1281 13 ‐0.1 0.2 24 3 9.8 1.8 51.7 1.6 0 0.5 0 0.4 1.6 0.4 55.5 1.2 0.9 0.4 0 0.5 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 85 Sediment Soil 1375 971 1413 282 1510 127 2028 71 707371 4714 43 4 1.8 0.9 ‐2 2 55 3 308 7 0.5 0.1 31 4 15 2 25.9 1.6 0.2 0.6 1.6 0.4 2.2 0.5 110 2 2.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0 3

D NDW12‐01 90 Sediment Soil 1617 1137 1373 326 1492 144 2812 85 885324 6199 53 5 2.4 1 2 2 17 3 323 8 0.6 0.1 22 4 18 2 ‐1.9 1.3 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.5 2 0.5 79.1 1.8 5.4 0.6 1.2 0.6 0 3

D NDW12‐01 95 Sediment Soil 1555 1194 2200 352 2640 166 2246 87 843650 6386 138 7 3.2 1.2 8 3 35 4 1224 16 0.3 0.2 3 4 13 2 226 4 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.5 3.2 0.5 115 3 3.5 0.6 ‐0.3 0.7 ‐2 4

D NDW12‐01 100 Sediment Soil ‐164 988 3712 313 13922 242 2907 80 690108 4772 150 8 1.3 1.2 0 3 70 4 8998 48 3.5 0.5 11 4 14 2 81 2 2.9 0.7 1.7 0.5 3 0.5 111 2 2.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 105 Sediment Soil ‐1167 1053 1114 305 2592 150 3729 90 757396 5367 117 6 3.1 1.1 ‐3 2 60 4 816 12 0 0.2 23 4 17 2 70 2 ‐0.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 1.8 0.5 57.9 1.5 3 0.5 ‐0.2 0.6 1 3

D NDW12‐01 110 Sediment Soil 119 892 809 256 230 106 574 57 622817 4083 33 4 2.6 0.9 1 2 32 3 282 7 0.4 0.1 29 4 11 2 22.9 1.5 ‐0.2 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 124 2 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.6 1 3

D NDW12‐01 115 Sediment Soil 756 419 893 130 1104 70 433 32 172920 988 29 3 2.9 0.7 6.9 2 153 4 645 9 0.3 0.1 25 3 13 1.7 18 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 19.7 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 5 3

D NDW12‐01 125 Sediment Soil ‐745 1201 168 337 205 143 1813 85 841826 6481 54 6 2.5 1.2 1 3 1035 13 2490 24 0.4 0.3 7 5 17 3 ‐31.3 1.2 2.5 0.7 1.3 0.5 1.4 0.6 76.2 1.9 3.5 0.6 ‐0.2 0.7 ‐2 4

D NDW12‐01 130 Sediment Soil ‐153 980 1761 291 283 119 7175 110 696043 4754 473 12 8.3 1.5 5 3 818 10 6880 39 1.7 0.4 30 4 13 2 34.3 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 12 0.6 113 2 19.5 0.8 0.2 0.6 1 3

D NDW12‐01 135 Sediment Soil 1688 1161 1812 337 2962 161 1374 76 904932 6401 540 12 0.9 1.3 4 3 442 7 1785 18 0.7 0.2 32 5 94 3 64 2 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 2.3 0.5 274 5 2.5 0.8 1.7 0.7 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 140 Sediment Soil 704 218 3213 151 ‐154 66 25445 212 7478 84 3177 32 79 3 33 4 82 4 38263 139 17.3 0.9 0 4 23 2 463 4 7 0.6 0.5 0.4 171.4 1.4 77 1.5 97.8 1.5 2.8 0.7 1 3

D NDW12‐01 145 Sediment Soil ‐245 225 215 113 ‐98 94 32346 341 1261 63 3356 43 97 4 45 5 41 5 22527 116 7.8 0.9 ‐14 5 11 3 ‐34.3 1.4 14.5 0.9 0 0.6 207.4 2 282 5 101 2 5.3 1 ‐3 4

D NDW12‐01 150 Sediment Soil ‐317 144 430 74 ‐61 50 30475 223 1868 46 1888 21 75 2 55 3 40 3 11556 49 2.1 0.4 16 3 10.3 1.8 274 3 4.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 133.8 1.1 65.1 1.3 61.9 1.1 2.7 0.6 3 3

D NDW12‐01 155 Sediment Soil ‐21 171 1462 108 ‐58 59 25712 204 2944 53 3380 32 91 3 62 4 50 4 28288 105 14.8 0.7 ‐15 4 22 2 17.7 1.2 6.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 162.1 1.3 493 6 131.3 2 1.2 0.8 1 3

D NDW12‐01 160 Sediment Soil ‐130 164 2604 124 78 62 15820 139 3590 52 5984 46 75 3 51 4 23 3 21019 79 10 0.6 ‐11 4 125 3 93.2 1.9 14.6 0.7 1.3 0.4 80.3 0.9 320 4 147 2 2.6 0.7 2 3

D NDW12‐01 165 Sediment Soil ‐221 151 1275 95 ‐112 53 31912 240 2690 53 3317 30 83 3 67 3 45 3 7297 38 4.5 0.4 6 4 10 2 10.4 1.2 30.4 0.9 4.1 0.5 252.3 1.8 1067 13 119 2 2.2 0.8 3 3

D NDW12‐01 170 Sediment Soil 563 235 5297 193 ‐171 73 27046 238 8784 99 3458 36 72 3 75 5 128 5 35078 134 15.8 0.9 30 5 24 2 407 4 5.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 164.5 1.4 145 2 118.3 1.9 2.5 0.8 3 3

D NDW12‐01 175 Sediment Soil 1622 325 1316 139 1742 103 21010 202 40466 317 2817 32 96 3 38 5 624 9 39723 153 15.6 0.9 75 5 29 2 244 3 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 101 1.1 132 2 94.9 1.7 6.2 0.8 ‐4 3

D NDW12‐01 180 Sediment Soil 296 199 1968 130 ‐294 63 15834 149 2863 52 2328 27 32 3 8 4 156 5 46194 164 24 0.9 38 5 22 2 64.2 1.7 2 0.6 0.8 0.4 81.7 0.9 38.6 1 96.1 1.5 ‐0.2 0.7 0 3

D NDW12‐01 185 Sediment Soil 601 222 470 111 ‐289 76 45838 359 2177 61 5406 49 106 4 86 5 140 5 50735 187 22.1 1 ‐21 5 39 2 163 3 5.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 289.7 1.9 79.7 1.6 137 2 1.9 0.8 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 190 Sediment Soil ‐167 207 4468 178 ‐76 71 22765 210 7109 87 3680 38 65 3 56 4 90 5 22292 94 11.9 0.7 ‐14 4 97 3 577 5 5.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 174.1 1.5 57.9 1.4 166 3 1.8 0.9 0 3

D NDW12‐01 195 Sediment Soil 336 199 1227 116 ‐331 66 34663 270 2211 54 4289 39 88 3 50 4 168 5 42515 152 19.8 0.9 ‐10 4 15 2 47.5 1.5 4.8 0.6 0 0.4 212.1 1.5 57.3 1.2 136.4 2 1.8 0.7 ‐3 3

D NDW12‐01 200 Sediment Soil 339 186 225 88 ‐185 64 41594 312 856 49 4062 37 97 3 61 4 104 4 29138 108 13.9 0.7 ‐4 4 16.3 2 87.1 1.9 3.8 0.6 0 0.4 285.2 1.8 66 1.4 121.2 1.8 0.9 0.7 ‐3 3

D NDW12‐01 205 Sediment Soil 79 226 1977 146 ‐309 79 44491 356 3574 70 5242 49 109 4 81 5 157 6 54053 201 25.4 1.1 ‐40 5 13 2 77.4 1.9 4.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 292.3 1.9 85.2 1.7 137 2 1 0.8 ‐4 3

D NDW12‐01 210 Sediment Soil 282 189 656 99 ‐206 67 49482 365 1415 55 5518 47 124 4 88 4 147 5 26693 104 15.4 0.7 1 4 11 2 43 1.6 4.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 343 2 72 1.5 156 2 0.9 0.8 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 215 Sediment Soil 329 194 2348 137 ‐34 70 12323 134 2421 50 4809 45 443 6 39 5 154 5 22769 94 11.2 0.7 19 4 55 3 435 4 66.5 1.1 0.4 0.5 70.1 1 266 4 215 3 1.9 0.9 2 3

D NDW12‐01 220 Sediment Soil 187 192 1008 110 ‐151 67 36498 279 1809 52 4266 39 83 3 50 4 164 5 37590 135 16.8 0.8 ‐2 4 9.6 1.9 352 4 3 0.6 0.2 0.4 249.7 1.6 30.2 0.9 132.9 1.9 1.9 0.7 0 3

D NDW12‐01 225 Sediment Soil 265 159 359 76 ‐134 54 35221 252 785 42 3746 32 95 3 78 4 104 4 17159 67 7.8 0.6 14 4 11.6 1.9 39.3 1.4 3.6 0.6 ‐0.1 0.4 274.9 1.7 65.4 1.3 148 2 1.4 0.7 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 230 Sediment Soil ‐153 272 1008 155 ‐391 96 54555 504 4725 94 2448 36 44 4 ‐25 5 184 7 68192 291 28.2 1.4 ‐59 6 16 3 21.7 1.8 13.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 293 2 54.9 1.6 278 4 3.3 1.2 ‐3 3

D NDW12‐01 235 Sediment Soil 554 171 1232 97 ‐72 55 33736 243 2473 51 3132 29 122 3 105 4 109 4 18599 72 8.6 0.6 8 4 14.6 1.9 45.9 1.4 3.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 281 1.7 65 1.3 117.2 1.7 1.4 0.7 ‐1 3

D NDW12‐01 240 Sediment Soil 91 196 392 98 ‐274 70 36399 312 1414 55 4031 41 94 4 59 4 145 5 21315 92 9.8 0.7 16 5 86 3 54.3 1.9 2.9 0.6 0.1 0.5 288.1 2 47.5 1.2 152 2 1.3 0.8 0 3

D NDW12‐01 245 Sediment Soil 193 189 1246 113 ‐214 68 33726 262 1480 49 6324 52 85 4 78 4 143 5 34518 127 16.4 0.8 ‐12 4 280 4 152 2 3 0.6 ‐0.2 0.4 265 1.7 44.2 1.1 130.4 1.9 0.7 0.7 5 3

D NDW12‐01 250 Sediment Soil 39 191 561 102 ‐219 68 23574 213 1348 47 3309 35 60 3 46 4 135 5 31409 124 13.9 0.8 ‐10 4 31 2 196 3 2.5 0.6 ‐0.2 0.4 188.9 1.5 47.6 1.2 118.3 1.9 0.2 0.8 ‐5 3

D NDW12‐01 255 Sediment Soil 587 221 519 114 ‐13 79 29755 249 2016 53 5121 47 90 4 58 5 249 6 60069 217 28.3 1.1 ‐40 5 40 2 315 4 2 0.6 0.5 0.4 211.5 1.6 47.9 1.2 179 3 0.8 0.8 0 3

D NDW12‐01 260 Sediment Soil 135 173 350 85 ‐50 64 31505 246 1480 48 5118 43 106 3 82 4 209 5 21160 84 8.9 0.6 ‐1 4 19 2 205 3 3.7 0.6 ‐0.6 0.4 267.4 1.7 104.5 1.9 163 2 2.7 0.8 0 3

D NDW12‐01 265 Sediment Soil ‐141 186 948 109 980 88 33103 267 1579 51 7228 59 102 4 83 5 343 6 30409 118 14.5 0.8 ‐17 4 162 3 292 3 2.9 0.7 0.1 0.4 258.4 1.8 117 2 148 2 0.7 0.8 2 3

D NDW12‐01 270 Sediment Soil 209 169 216 80 ‐101 60 32300 241 1257 45 4464 38 104 3 81 4 579 7 24940 93 8.5 0.7 14 4 31 2 76.6 1.7 3.7 0.6 0.1 0.4 244.8 1.6 127 2 144.2 2 0.8 0.7 0 3

D NDW12‐01 275 Sediment Soil 13 146 332 72 ‐93 52 28150 206 510 37 4264 35 89 3 87 4 405 6 15392 60 7.8 0.5 19 4 40 2 127 2 10.3 0.7 0.6 0.4 204.7 1.4 140 2 154 2 1.2 0.7 3 2

D NDW12‐01 280 Sediment Soil ‐548 182 96 87 ‐85 80 31038 307 1257 58 3976 45 108 4 96 5 92 5 6923 43 3.3 0.4 32 5 17 2 160 3 3.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 258 2 191 3 123 2 1.6 0.9 5 3

D NDW12‐01 285 Sediment Soil 608 306 894 173 995 128 26059 267 1098 55 7756 78 107 5 56 7 3403 32 166558 652 36 2 ‐73 7 ‐3 3 517 5 14 1.1 ‐0.1 0.5 128.3 1.4 217 4 123 2 3 0.9 ‐3 3

D NDW12‐01 290 Sediment Soil 52 162 360 80 ‐105 60 33240 245 1246 45 5852 46 132 3 133 4 546 7 19473 75 9.5 0.6 14 4 31 2 1343 7 4.3 0.8 1.4 0.4 245.1 1.6 290 4 152 2 0.4 0.7 2 2

D NDW12‐01 295 Sediment Soil 166 277 142 140 ‐633 103 33893 358 768 61 5782 66 113 5 67 7 61 7 62559 292 21.9 1.4 ‐46 6 3 3 22 2 5.5 1 ‐0.7 0.6 217 2 251 5 128 3 3.3 1.1 ‐1 4

D NDW12‐01 300 Sediment Soil 319 192 476 98 ‐250 71 28333 239 665 44 7148 59 112 4 85 5 55 4 30700 119 14.5 0.8 ‐26 4 55 3 95 2 3.7 0.8 ‐1 0.4 201 1.5 295 4 166 2 0.9 0.8 4 3

D NDW12‐01 305 Sediment Soil 675 260 993 146 330 104 21254 229 826 50 5268 57 93 4 55 6 101 6 89470 384 25.1 1.6 ‐97 6 0 3 148 3 4.5 1 ‐0.6 0.6 127.6 1.5 231 4 361 6 4.1 1.3 6 3

D NDW12‐01 310 Sediment Soil 131 192 184 93 ‐359 71 24012 216 838 44 7218 61 118 4 100 5 60 5 32603 130 13.9 0.9 ‐22 4 7 2 58.1 1.8 5.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 170.2 1.5 379 5 216 3 3.4 1 0 3

D NDW12‐01 315 Sediment Soil 76 183 216 86 ‐220 68 35951 292 1646 54 5922 52 119 4 133 5 77 4 20188 84 9.9 0.7 24 4 9 2 92 2 5.5 0.9 1 0.5 225.7 1.7 644 8 214 3 1.8 0.9 7 3

D NDW12‐01 317.18 Sediment Soil 168 162 278 79 ‐60 57 16850 146 694 35 3656 33 78 3 151 5 23 4 31259 115 14 0.8 ‐33 4 68 2 158 2 3.1 0.7 ‐0.3 0.4 95.9 1 491 6 478 6 ‐0.4 1.1 2 3

D NDW12‐01 260.4 Sulphide Soil 33781 2372 626151 13945 3356 646 9107 328 3090 155 5784 168 ‐43 14 ‐48 25 120 26 827581 7021 215 10 ‐929 35 334445 2836 237 54 ‐71 5 0 2 65 3 30 2 31 2 25.8 1.8 ‐16 7

D NDW12‐01 260.4 Sulphide Mining 1653.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 219008.8 0 791.6 0 0 0 198985.6 0 217.9 0 0 0 19.1 0 0 0 0 0

D NDW12‐01 307.3 Sulphide Soil 22407 1541 728663 10760 ‐1685 396 2794 130 3036 99 702 56 ‐115 7 ‐227 14 2094 38 939822 6842 137 9 ‐631 26 ‐77 7 409 9 521 7 2.1 1.6 ‐21 2 19.2 1.9 22.9 1.7 113 4 0 6

EOF

Cd Cd +/‐ Sn Sn +/‐ Sb Sb +/‐ W W +/‐ Au Au +/‐ Hg Hg +/‐ Pb Pb +/‐ Bi Bi +/‐ Th Th +/‐ U U +/‐

ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

‐5 5 40 9 11 10 10 4 ‐24 2 ‐12 2 ‐2 4 44 5 2.8 1.8 ‐9.8 1.8

‐10 7 29 11 3 12 11 5 ‐9 2 5 2 23 2 ‐19 6 19 2 ‐1 2

‐4 4 27 6 2 7 2 3 ‐3.7 1.4 ‐0.5 1.2 8.3 1.3 16 3 15.4 1.4 ‐3.2 1.2

5 3 26 6 ‐6 6 ‐22 3 2.5 1.3 9.4 1.2 24.9 1.1 3 3 22.7 1.6 2.3 1.5

‐5 3 24 6 4 6 ‐1 2 ‐1.7 1.2 3.8 1.1 21.7 1.1 10 3 21.3 1.5 0.5 1.4

‐7 5 34 8 3 9 ‐3 3 ‐0.2 1.6 3.4 1.4 2 1.1 ‐28 4 7.2 1.4 1.3 1.3

‐4 4 27 6 2 7 ‐7 3 ‐0.1 1.5 3.2 1.2 16.6 1.3 6 4 19 1.8 ‐5 1.7

‐3 4 21 6 1 7 ‐4 3 ‐2.6 1.4 1.7 1.3 6.3 1.3 14 3 9.1 1.3 ‐0.7 1.2

‐8 4 19 7 8 8 0 3 ‐11.4 1.7 ‐4.8 1.5 ‐11.3 2 37 4 6.3 1.5 ‐2.2 1.4

‐15 4 34 7 4 7 2 3 ‐4.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 5.2 1.3 18 3 13.1 1.4 ‐1.7 1.1

‐6 4 30 6 5 7 3 2 ‐3.5 1.3 ‐0.9 1.1 14.4 1.1 3 3 13.7 1.4 ‐1.3 1.1

2 4 17 6 ‐11 7 3 2 ‐0.1 1.3 1.3 1 19.4 1 ‐7 3 13.7 1.3 ‐0.8 1

‐3 3 10 5 11 6 14.6 2 ‐2.9 1.1 1 1 7.7 0.8 11 3 2.4 0.8 0.9 0.8

‐1 3 18 6 ‐8 6 ‐2 2 0.8 1.1 1.9 0.9 5.6 0.8 ‐1 3 2.4 0.9 ‐0.2 0.8

2 3 12 5 6 6 2.3 1.7 1.2 1 ‐0.3 0.8 2.8 0.6 16 2 1.7 0.8 1.1 0.7

‐16 5 20 8 ‐6 9 5 3 ‐0.1 1.6 6.1 1.4 9.3 1.2 ‐21 4 26 1.9 10.4 1.9

‐3 6 23 10 ‐16 12 7 4 ‐2 2 7.2 1.9 2 1.5 ‐45 5 17 2 3 2

‐1 4 33 6 5 7 ‐1 2 1.8 1.2 0.8 1 3.5 0.8 11 3 1.6 0.9 0 0.9

‐3 4 25 7 8 8 ‐8 3 3 1.4 3.5 1.2 3.5 0.9 ‐8 3 3.6 1.1 1.5 1.1

‐7 4 16 7 6 8 ‐7 2 6.3 1.4 3.7 1.1 2.5 0.8 5 3 2 1 1 1

‐3 4 10 7 ‐6 8 ‐14 3 3 1.3 5.4 1.2 7.6 0.9 ‐7 3 2.6 1 ‐0.5 0.9

‐2 4 18 6 18 7 ‐1 2 2.1 1.3 2.2 1.1 13.4 0.9 30 3 4.4 1.1 2.5 1.1

‐2 5 29 7 ‐11 8 ‐5 3 8.6 1.6 3.5 1.3 2.9 0.9 0 4 0.1 1.2 3.5 1.3

4 4 31 7 7 8 ‐4 3 8.9 1.6 2.9 1.4 13.1 1.1 2 4 2.1 1.2 3.5 1.3

‐8 4 20 6 ‐1 7 0 2 0.9 1.3 4.6 1.1 1.8 0.8 1 3 8.1 1.1 3.8 1.2

‐2 4 29 6 ‐2 7 ‐5 2 5.1 1.3 2.4 1 8.9 0.9 5 3 ‐0.5 0.9 0.2 0.9

‐13 4 26 7 24 8 ‐4 2 5.9 1.5 5.4 1.2 13 1 5 3 3.1 1.2 4.2 1.3

9 5 31 7 4 8 ‐7 3 8.2 1.6 6.7 1.3 6.5 1 2 3 3.1 1.2 1.7 1.2

‐9 5 19 8 8 9 ‐2 3 5.7 1.6 5.2 1.4 9.1 1.1 ‐8 4 3.4 1.4 2.9 1.5

‐4 4 23 7 7 8 ‐3 3 6.5 1.6 4 1.4 17.6 1.1 7 3 3.3 1.2 0.4 1.2

‐13 5 32 8 ‐1 8 ‐8 3 8.6 1.6 7.7 1.3 7.2 1 2 3 2.5 1.2 2.7 1.2

‐8 4 17 7 ‐9 8 ‐2 3 7.1 1.5 4.2 1.2 4.4 0.9 1 3 2.1 1.2 2.8 1.3

‐2 4 32 6 9 7 ‐2.5 2 3.7 1.2 3.8 1 2.1 0.7 7 3 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.8

‐14 5 26 8 17 9 ‐4 3 7 1.7 4.4 1.4 6.4 1.1 ‐8 4 4.6 1.4 3.3 1.4

0 4 20 7 2 8 0 3 7.7 1.6 3.8 1.3 27.7 1.2 1 3 5.6 1.3 2.3 1.3

1 5 23 8 5 9 ‐7 3 9.1 1.6 6.2 1.3 42.9 1.5 ‐5 4 5.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

‐1 4 19 6 12 7 ‐5 3 ‐1 1.4 7 1.3 1.8 1 4 3 16.9 1.4 6 1.5

‐8 5 31 9 24 10 2 3 ‐1.3 1.8 5.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 ‐37 5 15 2 2 2

‐3 4 21 6 0 7 ‐3 2 1.4 1.3 7.4 1.1 1.5 0.8 ‐7 3 9.5 1.1 2.1 1.2

‐2 4 15 6 3 7 4 2 ‐1.7 1.3 5.9 1.2 9.4 1 2 3 20.7 1.7 2 1.8

‐7 4 25 6 11 7 3 2 ‐0.8 1.3 7.5 1.2 5.5 0.9 ‐4 3 22 1.5 ‐0.2 1.4

‐4 4 22 6 9 7 6 3 ‐1.3 1.5 6.6 1.2 9.1 1.1 ‐20 4 27 2 1 2

6 4 31 7 ‐1 8 ‐1 3 ‐2.2 1.4 5.2 1.3 0.8 1 ‐4 3 15.5 1.5 1.9 1.5

‐2 4 32 7 0 8 11 3 1.1 1.5 3.6 1.4 15 1.1 45 3 13 1.4 3.7 1.5

‐8 4 23 6 7 7 2 2 ‐1.5 1.3 5.1 1.2 0 0.9 16 3 10.3 1.2 ‐0.4 1.1

‐10 4 30 7 ‐5 8 2 3 0.1 1.5 6.8 1.3 ‐0.3 1.1 2 4 27.3 1.7 3 1.7

2 4 22 7 1 8 ‐2 3 ‐1.7 1.4 8.8 1.4 0.8 1 ‐14 4 19.3 1.6 3.6 1.6

‐11 4 33 6 0 7 8 2 ‐1.2 1.4 4.6 1.2 1.2 1 8 3 22.6 1.4 ‐0.5 1.4

‐4 4 28 6 10 7 2 2 1.2 1.4 6.4 1.2 2.3 1 6 3 21.2 1.4 0.5 1.5

‐9 4 27 7 2 8 1 3 ‐1.8 1.5 6.4 1.3 ‐0.5 1.1 2 4 25.8 1.6 3 1.7

‐7 4 31 7 0 7 5 3 1.2 1.5 7.2 1.3 2 1.1 ‐11 4 30.3 1.7 3.3 1.7

0 4 34 7 ‐8 8 ‐8 3 7.6 1.8 7.3 1.4 2.8 1 ‐5 4 18.9 1.7 4.8 1.7

‐3 4 20 6 4 7 ‐5 3 0.7 1.4 7.1 1.2 2.6 1 6 3 20.5 1.4 ‐1.1 1.4

‐8 4 19 6 ‐2 7 5 2 1.3 1.3 8.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 ‐6 3 24.6 1.4 3.3 1.5

‐6 5 35 8 12 9 10 3 ‐2.9 1.8 6.4 1.6 ‐3 1.4 1 5 43 2 8 2

‐6 4 28 6 9 7 2 2 0.7 1.3 5.8 1.1 3.2 0.9 ‐7 3 19.8 1.3 0.8 1.4

‐1 4 37 7 1 8 5 3 1.5 1.5 7.5 1.4 1.9 1.1 ‐6 4 26.7 1.6 1.7 1.6

0 4 30 6 ‐1 7 4 3 ‐0.5 1.4 7.2 1.3 1 1 ‐5 3 23.2 1.5 1.8 1.5

‐11 4 33 7 ‐8 8 6 3 0.2 1.5 5.7 1.3 2.6 1 ‐6 4 19.3 1.5 3.4 1.5

0 4 36 6 7 7 1 3 ‐1.1 1.4 5.8 1.3 ‐0.3 1.1 13 4 21.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

‐3 4 30 6 8 7 3 3 0.2 1.4 7.2 1.3 1.6 1 ‐16 4 29.5 1.6 3.7 1.6

‐9 4 34 7 ‐5 7 4 3 ‐0.4 1.4 7.1 1.3 7.6 1.1 ‐3 4 28.9 1.7 3.3 1.7

2 4 36 6 6 7 5 2 ‐0.3 1.3 5.9 1.2 7.6 1 0 3 28.4 1.5 0.9 1.5

‐5 3 25 6 ‐5 6 1 2 1.8 1.3 7.4 1.1 9.8 1 2 3 23.9 1.4 4.9 1.4

‐3 5 33 8 9 9 ‐4 3 5.1 1.7 8 1.5 17.6 1.4 ‐26 4 30.9 2 8 2

‐5 4 37 7 17 8 9 4 ‐11.2 1.8 3.9 1.8 ‐4.8 1.9 22 4 26.1 1.9 0.7 1.8

‐5 4 28 6 12 7 ‐22 3 2.6 1.4 14 1.4 32.6 1.3 2 3 31.9 1.6 0.9 1.6

‐6 6 31 9 8 10 2 3 ‐2.2 1.9 7.8 1.7 23.1 1.7 ‐15 5 30 2 8 2

1 4 36 7 ‐6 7 4 3 1.3 1.5 5.3 1.3 30 1.3 ‐10 4 27.9 1.8 3.8 1.8

‐1 5 29 8 20 9 0 3 ‐4 1.8 2.9 1.6 15.3 1.6 ‐13 5 22 2 3 2

‐4 4 31 7 ‐3 8 5 3 ‐0.4 1.5 6.8 1.4 31.7 1.4 ‐19 4 39 2 4 1.9

‐11 4 35 7 ‐4 7 7 3 ‐0.1 1.5 4.9 1.3 33.9 1.4 ‐12 4 39 2 5 2

‐6 4 20 6 2 7 3 2 ‐2.2 1.4 3.6 1.2 20.9 1.2 0 4 29.1 2 6.8 1.8

‐27 11 190 20 23 22 5 14 ‐6 6 ‐40 7 237 9 ‐9 14 ‐11 5 ‐28 4

358 0 548.6 0 778.7 0 0 0 22.2 0 23.7 0

‐19 9 42 15 23 17 ‐3 10 ‐44 7 ‐23 5 ‐23 8 65 9 ‐6 3 ‐21 3

App

endi

x 9

Zonge Engineering and Research Organization (Australia) Pty Ltd

Zonge Engineering & Research Organization (Australia) Pty Ltd

39 Raglan Avenue Edwardstown SA 5039

Tel +61 8 83710020 Fax +61 8 83710080

Daly Waters

Mise-a-la-masse and

Down-Hole Transient Electromagnetic

Surveys

Logistics Report

for

NRE Operations

Compiled by: S.Mann Report No: 967 Date : June 2012

CONTENTS

1. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 1

2. INSTRUMENTATION and SURVEY PARAMETERS ............................................. 2

3. PRODUCTION ISSUES .............................................................................................. 4

4. PRODUCTION SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 4

5. DATA PROCESSING .................................................................................................. 5

6. EXPLANATION OF FILES ........................................................................................ 6

TABLES

Table 1 Job 967 Data Summary .......................................................................................... 3

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

Job 967 Summary

APPENDIX II

Plots of DHEM data and “surface” resistivity inversion model

APPENDIX III

Plots of MALM data

APPENDIX IV

Plots of coincident loop sounding resistivity inversion model

1. SUMMARY

In May and June 2012, Zonge Engineering and Research Organization (Zonge) mobilised

a two-person geophysical field crew to the Daly Waters Prospect in the Northern Territory

to conduct Down-Hole Induced Polarisation (DHIP) and Down-Hole ElectroMagnetic

(DHEM) surveys for NRE Operations.

The crew initially mobilised on the 25th of May however due to drilling on hole NDW12-

01 not being completed the crew demobilised on the 30th of May back to Adelaide. The

crew re-mobilised on the 10th of June and completed DHEM, Mise-a-la-masse (MALM)

and coincident loop EM surveying before final demobilisation on the 16th of June. Much

of the DHEM and all of the DHIP surveying planned could not be performed due to the

hole being blocked by abandoned drill string at approximately 156m from surface.

Survey planning and interpretation of data was performed by David Tucker of Gawler

Geoscience.

Data quality and repeatability were monitored throughout the course of the survey which

ensured that the best possible data were acquired given local conditions and time

constraints.

1

2. INSTRUMENTATION and SURVEY PARAMETERS

A Zonge multipurpose GDP-32II receiver was used to take all of the MALM data for this

project. MALM data were recorded in pole-pole mode using non-polarisable porous pots

filled with copper sulphate as receiver electrodes. Data were acquired in time domain at a

frequency of 0.125hz allowing acquisition of potential voltage (Vp), self-potential (SP)

and chargeability (Mx).

MALM transmitted fields were generated with a Zonge ZT-30 geophysical transmitter

connected to electrodes on the surface some distance from the hole and the second placed

down the hole at approximately 156m from surface. Synchronisation was controlled via a

Zonge XMT-32 transmitter controller.

An EMIT Smartem V receiver and controller were used to acquire data and control the

Zonge ZT-30 transmitter respectively for the DHEM and EM sounding acquisition. For

DHEM acquisition a Geonics BH43-3D coil probe was used with data recorded on each

X, Y and Z components at a frequency of 2.083 Hz. Readings were taken at 5 metre

intervals between 2-152 metres from surface. Source fields were produced using a 2-turn

200x200 metre transmitter loop.

Coincident loop EM soundings were acquired at two locations separated by 200 metres

near NDW12-01. Readings were taken using a 1.25 Hz frequency using a single turn 200

metre transmitter and receiver loop.

The raw data from each day was downloaded every evening from the receiver's internal

memory to a laptop computer before being sent to Zonge’s Adelaide office. Final

processing, plotting and modelling were completed in Zonge's Adelaide office.

2

Table 1 Job 967 Data Summary

Method Line Start station local

Finish station local

Start station UTM mE/mN

Finish station UTM mE/mN

Station Spacing (m)

Number of

Stations

Line/Hole length**

Line Completion

Date

Coincident loop EM

‐ 324350 326350 326477/8206235 326289/8206165 200 2 200m 12/06/2012

DHEM NDW12 ‐01

2m 152m

XCOLLAR:327000.0 YCOLLAR:8204913.0

ZCOLLAR:212.0 2m

XCOLLAR:327000.0 YCOLLAR:8204913.0

ZCOLLAR:212.0 152m

5m 31 152m 14/06/2012

MALM 3 400 0 327200/8205040 326800/8205040 40 11 400 15/06/2012

MALM 4 400 0 327200/8205000 326800/8205000 40 11 400 15/06/2012

MALM 5 400 0 327200/8204960 326800/8204960 40 11 400 14/06/2012

MALM 6 400 0 327200/8204920 326800/8204920 40 11 400 14/06/2012

MALM 7 400 0 327200/8204880 326800/8204880 40 11 400 15/06/2012

MALM 8 400 0 327200/8204840 326800/8204840 40 11 400 15/06/2012

MALM 9 400 0 327200/8204800 326800/8204800 40 11 400 15/06/2012

3

3. PRODUCTION ISSUES

Substantial delays occurred during the survey due to delays in the completion and casing

of the hole, during this time the crew were on standby. The planned down-hole surveying

was only possible to a limited degree due to the reduced access resulting from the stuck

drill string from 156 metres and below.

As a result of the limited opportunity for down-hole surveying alternative techniques to

better utilise the hole and understand subsurface electrical structure were performed.

No safety related incidents occurred during completion of the survey.

Detailed information on daily production may be found on the accompanying disc under

"Production Reports". Additional information about safety issues may be found on the

same disc under "Safety _Documentation".

4. PRODUCTION SUMMARY

Appendix I provides a Summary of the Production of Job 967. More detailed information

on daily production may be found on the accompanying disc under "Production Reports".

4

5. DATA PROCESSING

The quality of each block of raw DHEM, MALM and MLEM data was examined before

being averaged to create a single record for each receiving station. Data points that were

considered of poor quality were skipped before averaging each station’s data.

DHEM data were edited and reviewed using EMIT’s Agent99 software before primary

field rotations to produce rotation corrected A, U and V components for output. Resulting

rotated A, U, V data are presented in Apendix II where both log and linear signal

magnitude scales are presented. A single resistivity sounding inversion model of vertical

component (A/Z) coil data was performed on data acquired at 2m below surface in

NDW12-01 as a proxy surface in-loop reading. It should be noted however that the

proximity of the 4x4 vehicle and winch used in surveying may have had an undesired

effect on this sounding and resulting modelled resistivities.

Mise-a-la-masse data were edited as per above and imported into an excel spreadsheet

(NDW12-MALM.xlsx) within which the apparent resistivities were calculated. Apparent

resistivity calculations were performed assuming a point source at 156 metres down-hole,

the coordinates of the remote transmitter and receiver electrodes were taken into account

in the apparent resistivity calculations. The location of the remote transmitter and receiver

electrodes are recorded in the 967_MALM.stn file accompanying this report.

Chargeability values are “Newmont Chargeability” values recorded by the GDP receiver

and reflect an integration of decay window magnitudes over the 450-1100ms after

transmitter turnoff. Potential voltage and self potential values as plotted in Appendix III

are averages of those recorded by the receiver.

Coincident loop EM data were reviewed using EMIT’s Agent99 software before being

output and imported into Zonge’s STEMINV software for 1D inversion. 1D resistivity

sounding profiles over depth are presented in Appendix IV. It is possible that the

remarkably low resistivities modelled for sounding 324350 are the result of SPM effects

commonly seen in coincident loop EM data.

All raw and processed data, location data and documents associated with this survey are

presented on the accompanying disc.

5

6. EXPLANATION OF FILES

Digital data is provided on CD along with paper plots of the data. Data from each surveyed line are placed

in the following directory structure on the accompanying CD: Processed_Data\line#. File formats

are explained below:

*.PDF Adobe Acrobat Portable Document File containing plot files and report

*.DAT Edited and averaged IP and resistivity data from TQIP software; Data from SmarTem receiver

*.RAW the edited raw data downloaded from the GDP-32ii *.MDB TQIP database containing IP data *.KML Google Earth coordinate file *.STN Station coordinate file *.PNG Graphic plot of resulting data

6

APPENDIX I

Job 967 Summary

DATE

Mobe

2 man

Travel(2 m

an)

Standby(2 m

an)

Weather

(2 man)

ATV

Vehicle

Fri-25/5/12 7.25 0.5 Mobilisation from Adelaide to Alice Springs - Collect Gear.

Sat-26/5/12 6 3.5 Mobilisation from Alice Springs to Tennant Creek

Sun-27/5/12 7.5 2.5 Crew mobe to Daly Waters - Standby.

Mon-28/5/12 8.75 1.25 Crew initial site recon, grid out Misse A La Masse survey.

Tue-29/5/12 8.75 1.25 Crew initial site recon, grid out Misse A La Masse survey.

Wed-30/5/12 7.25 2.75 Pack up and drive to Tennant Creek.

Thu-31/5/12 6.25 1 Drive Tennant Creek to Alice Springs, store and freight equipment

Fri-1/6/12 3.5 Travel Alice Springs to Adelaide

Sun-10/6/12 12.5 Travel Adelaide to Daly Waters

Mon-11/6/12 3 7 Standby due to blocked hole

Tue-12/6/12 8 3.5 Set up EM loop

Wed-13/6/12 8.5 5.5 Taking data LNDW12-01

Thu-14/6/12 11.25 1.75 Taking data LNDW12-01

Fri-15/6/12 12.25 0.5 Taking data LNDW12-01

Sat-16/6/12 8.5 1.5 De-mobe from Daly Waters to Darwin

Sun-17/6/12 9.5 2 1 Freight equipment - De-mobe to Adelaide

Mobe

2 man

Travel(2 m

an)

Standby(2 m

an)

Weather

(2 man)

ATV

Vehicle

Zonge H

ours

Sub Totals 38.75 60.5 29.5 15.5 0 0 0 20

Totals 38.75 60.5 29.5 15.5 0 0 0 20

Rate p/hr 132.5 265 132.5 132.5 0 0 0 0Billable Total $5,134.38 $16,032.50 $3,908.75 $2,053.75 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00

Comments

Prod Hours Equipment Hire

TOTALS

TOTAL HOURS

Zonge H

ours

Misc Hours

Zonge Engineering & Research Organization (Aust) Pty LtdJOB HOURS SUMMARY

Job No.: Client:

Project Name: Summary Sheet:

967NRE OperationsDaly Waters1 of 1

Date: By:

25th May, 2012L McDonald / L Hennessy

24/06/2012

APPENDIX II

Plots of DHEM data and “surface” resistivity inversion model

APPENDIX III

Plots of MALM data

APPENDIX IV

Plots of coincident loop sounding resistivity inversion model

App

endi

x 10

Downhole Geophysics in Drillhole NSW12-01

June 2012

Page 1 of 30

CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERPRETATION OF DOWNHOLE GEOPHYSICS AT

DRILLHOLE NDW12-01 DALY WATERS PROJECT NORTHERN TERRITORY EL27878

MAY-JUNE 2012

Figure 1: Location of drillhole NDW12-01 Daly Waters (after Steve Cooper).

Prepared by Gawler Geoscience for

Natural Resources Exploration Operations Pty Ltd

Author:

David H Tucker PhD, MAusIMM, MASEG, MGSA

Effective Date: 27 June 2012

Gawler Geoscience Report Number: NRE_DHT_0301

Gawler Geoscience Report Date: 27 June 2012

1:250,000 Sheet Name: Daly Waters

1:250,000 Sheet Number: SE53-01

Title: EL27878

Author: Dr David H Tucker


June 2012

Page 2 of 30

1. Executive Summary A downhole geophysics program was undertaken in drillhole NDW12-01 by Zonge

Engineering Pty Ltd (Zonge) for NRE Operations Pty Ltd (NRE) from 27 May 27 to 16 June

16 2012. The geophysics program was supervised by Dr David H Tucker of Gawler

Geoscience (Geoscience).

The aim of the program was twofold:

1. To measure electrical characteristics of the geological section, and

2. To search around the hole for conductive and chargeable mineralisation.

The geophysics was undertaken within the Geophysics and Drilling Collaborations program.

Table 1: Summary of geophysical methods used and interpretation.

Geophysical Method Outcome Interpretation

Induced Polarisation dipole-dipole array in hole (1 metre electrode spacings).

Not conducted. Open hole situation water filled situation not available (lined with PVC pipe)

n.a.

Induced Polarisation Mise-a-la-masse with excitation point downhole.

Conducted. Electrode located at 156m at bottom of PVC in available part of drillhole (sulphides recognised in drill core at approx 183 and approx 240 metres depth were not directly accessible).

A Chargeable conducting zone lies in northwest of gridded area. Not closed by survey. Source estimated to lie approx 150+ metres. Possible disseminated sulphides. Also SP indicates sinuous anomalies interpreted as shallow channels less than 50 metres deep.

TEM in hole with multiple surface loops used for excitation.

Conducted. Twin 200 m loop used: and 2m -152 m of hole successfully surveyed at 5 metre stations

Flat response. No off-hole conductors recognised. Sounding models indicate 1-D geo-electric section of: from surface Apparent Resistivities of approx 10-20 Ohm.metres, rising to approx 500 Ohm.metres at approx 140 metres depth. Then falling off with increasing depth.

TEM remote from hole for reference purposes.

Conducted. 200m coincident loops. Two stations observed, edge on edge.

Sounding models indicate 1-D geo-electric section of: from surface Apparent Resistivities of approx 40-50 Ohm.metres, rising to approx 160 Ohm.metres at approx 230 metres depth. Then falling off with increasing depth.

The hole was drilled with HQ rods to 317.2 metres depth by Drillwise Pty Ltd (Drillwise). A

complete HQ drill string was abandoned in the hole from approximately 167.1 metres to TD.

PVC was run for 156 metres and only this upper section was open geophysics probes.

There was a blockage to probes below this.

A Mise a la masse IP survey was conducted on a grid 400 metres East-west by 160 metres

North-south. There was no sulphide zone directly accessible, therefore an excitation

electrode for the work was located at 156 metres in NDW12-01 at the bottom of the hole as

only option. The remote current and receiver electrodes were located approximately 650


June 2012

Page 3 of 30

metres to the South and to the North respectively. Voltage and induced polarisation

measurements were made on a grid with stations 40 metres apart.

Anomalous IP results were recorded in Self potential, Voltages, Apparent Chargeability and

are evident in Apparent Resistivity estimates calculated from the values. There are two kinds

of anomaly patterns: those detected by Self Potential are sinuous and reminiscent of

channels in sediments; those detected in Apparent Chargeability, Voltages and Apparent

Resistivity are more elliptical in character and are not closed off in the North. Both kinds

extend at least 200 metres past the drillhole and out of the surveyed area.

The depth to the sources of the sinuous anomalies is estimated at less than 50 metres.

Sources may be sulphides or more likely clays in shallow channels.

The depth to the more elliptical anomalies is estimated at 150+ meters. The geological

source of the anomalies is not known. The source is likely to be disseminated sulphides.

Both kinds should be followed up.

Downhole TEM readings were acquired at 5 metre depth intervals from 2 to 152 metres

using an energised dual 200 metre square loop centred over the drill collar.

Results indicate that the downhole TEM survey did not detect significant conducting bodies

either intersecting the drillhole, or within the reach of the excitation footprint of the 200 metre

loop. It is believed that this footprint amounts approximately to a cylinder of rock 200 metres

across and extending from the surface to 150 metres.

The abandoned drill rods which lie in the hole approximately 10-15 metres directly below the

deepest station with the TEM probe were not clearly detected, probably because of poor

coupling. Their influence appears to be weak.

The implication for exploration of the TEM results available from this survey is that bothe IP

and TEM electrical geophysics methods could be useful for deep exploration for conductive

ore-bodies in this area. For this purpose, large loops and high current strengths and large

dipoles and high currents should be considered.


June 2012

Page 4 of 30

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 2

2. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7

3. Drillhole Characteristics ................................................................................... 8

4. Regional Context ............................................................................................... 9

5. Transient Electromagnetic Survey ................................................................. 10 5.1. Equipment and layout for downhole TEM survey ............................................. 10 5.2. Results and interpretation for downhole TEM .................................................. 15 5.3. Moving loops layout for surface TEM sounding survey .................................. 20 5.4. Results and interpretation for surface TEM sounding survey ......................... 20

6. Induced Polarisation survey ........................................................................... 22 6.1. Equipment and layout......................................................................................... 22 6.2. IP Results and interpretation ............................................................................. 26

7. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 29

8. Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 30

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location of drillhole NDW12-01 Daly Waters (after Steve Cooper). ........................ 1

Figure 2: Daly Waters geophysics location grid reference map for both IP Mise-a-la-masse

and Downhole TEM survey and TEM sounding survey. GDA 94 (map modified after

Mann, 2012). .................................................................................................................. 7

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of downhole TEM receiver setup. The probe is overall 2.4

metres long, the bottom part comprising a solid weight. The sensor is located mid

length. .......................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 4: TEM Transmitter site, operator with equipment including insulated cables in

foreground, connected to the 200m square loop. ......................................................... 12

Figure 5: Live wire warning sign; generator and transmitter located 25 metres down the road.

.................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 6: Zonge ZT-30 TEM Transmitter indicates 120.1 volts at 0.56 amperes is being fed

into the loop. ................................................................................................................ 13

Figure 7: TEM Receiver layout (refer to the previous schematic diagram); note tripod directly

over PVC protruding from drillhole; 4 conductor cable extends across to winch on back

of truck; receiving equipment is located beside truck on right. ...................................... 13

Figure 8: Connecting TEM probe sections; winch on truck at left. Geophysicist holding

vertical probe has a gas burner in his right hand and is heating black shrink wrap over

screwed joints to minimise water entry and unravelling in operation. ............................ 14


June 2012

Page 5 of 30

Figure 9: Complete TEM receiver probe: Geonics BH43-3D. .............................................. 14

Figure 10: EMIT Smartem V receiver and Zonge controller in operation to acquire data,

connected to the downhole TEM probe via the winch cable. ........................................ 15

Figure 11: TEM results for A, U and V components. Vertical scale units are microvolts per

ampere and horizontal scale units are metres. ............................................................. 16

Figure 12: DHEM 2 metres. Decay curve for channels 1-33 Time constant fit over early

channels 2 to 7 i.e. within the red lines (Tau= 0.11ms). ................................................ 17

Figure 13: DHEM 2 metres. Decay curves channels 1-33. Power curve fit for channels 7-

21 (Power = -2.72). .................................................................................................. 17

Figure 14: DHEM 2metres. Decay curves for Channels 1-33. Power curve fit for channels

23-33 (power = -0.90). ................................................................................................. 18

Figure 15: DHEM 2 metres. Decay curves for channels 1-33. Alternative Time constant

curve fit for channels 23-33 (Tau=44.6ms). .................................................................. 18

Figure 16: DHEM NDW12-01 surface model resistivities (after Zonge). One dimensional

section is shown alongside. Note that the part below the abandoned drill rods may be

unreliable. .................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 17: 1-D model resistivities for Coincident Loop TEM : corresponding first pass model

1-D geo-electric section. .............................................................................................. 20

Figure 18: Schematic of IP current electrode and transmitter layout. ................................... 23

Figure 19: Lowering copper electrode to bottom on hole on rope, with current supplying

cable taped on at 5 metre intervals. ............................................................................. 23

Figure 20: IP Transmitter set up at hole; Honda generator, Zonge receiver. ....................... 24

Figure 21: IP Infinity current insertion porous pot. ............................................................... 24

Figure 22: Digging hole, filling with water and agitating to create mud slurry suitable for pot at

grid point. ..................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 23: Zonge Multipurpose GDP-3211 IP receiver at field station, local earthing pot

shown; roving field pot at a grid point (not shown) is connected by long red wire which is

visible snaking off past operator in the centre of picture. .............................................. 25

Figure 24: Self potential. This is the natural Voltaic response of the ground with the power

source switched off. The drillhole lies at the very centre of the grid. Note the sinuous

character reminiscent of channels. Note also the very high (pink) responses centred 80

metres East of NDW12-01. .......................................................................................... 27

Figure 25: Apparent Chargeability. The drillhole and current injection point lies at the centre

of the grid. High vales, such as those in the northern part of the grid commonly indicate

disseminated sulphides. ............................................................................................... 27


June 2012

Page 6 of 30

Figure 26: Potential data. The drillhole and current injection point lies at the centre of the

grid. Note the Potential low in the NW of the grid. ........................................................ 28

Figure 27: Apparent Resistivity Data. Note the intense Potential low in the NW of the grid. 28

List of Tables

Table 1: Summary of geophysical methods used and interpretation. ..................................... 2

Table 2: Drillhole NDW12-01 Location. ................................................................................. 8

Table 3: NDW12-01 Drillhole Characteristics. ....................................................................... 8

Table 4: Smartem V sampling windows (milliseconds). ....................................................... 10

Table 5 : First pass model 1-D geo-electric section at NDW12-01. ...................................... 21


June 2012

Page 7 of 30

2. Introduction A downhole geophysics program was undertaken in drillhole NDW12-01 by Zonge

Engineering Pty Ltd (Zonge) for NRE Operations Pty Ltd (NRE) from 27 May to 16 June

2012. The geophysics program was supervised by Dr David H Tucker of Gawler Geoscience

(Geoscience).

The aim of the geophysics program was twofold:

1. To measure electrical characteristics of the geological section encountered in the

hole, and

2. To search around the hole for conductive and chargeable mineralisation.

The geophysics was undertaken within the Geophysics and Drilling Collaborations program.

This logistics of the field operations is illustrated in this report by pictures taken in the field by

the author. Various diagrams produced by the author and by Zonge are included to present

the results and interpretation. A location map is shown as Figure 2 below.

Figure 2: Daly Waters geophysics location grid reference map for both IP Mise-a-la-masse and Downhole TEM survey and TEM sounding survey. GDA 94 (map modified after Mann, 2012).


June 2012

Page 8 of 30

3. Drillhole Characteristics Drillhole NDW12-01 is located in EL27878 approx 10km Northwest of Daly Waters at

coordinates shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Drillhole NDW12-01 Location.

Drillhole East_WGS84 North_WGS84 Elevation_m UTM_Zone Depth_m Dip_angle

NDW12-01 327,000 8204914 210 53 317.2 -90

The hole was drilled with HQ rods to a surveyed total depth (TD) of 317.2 metres. Of this,

approximately 156 metres was open and available for geophysics. Below that, the hole was

not accessible due to an intervening blockage, likely comprised of collapsed rock and mud.

A schematic of the situation is shown in Table 3.

To prevent collapse, the top 156 metres was lined with 48mm internal diameter PVC pipe

opened at the bottom. The installation method used was to glue and run down the six metre

long PVC pipes within the HQ drill string to the bottom of the hole. When at TD, the HQ rods

were withdrawn, leaving the PVC in situ.

Before undertaking geophysical surveys a heavy ‘dummy’ weight, approximately one meter

long, was lowered on a rope to test the characteristics of the pipe and the blockage. The

dummy would not pass beyond the bottom of the PVC and raising a few metres and

dropping a few metres did not help.

From 167.1 metres to total depth (TD) the drillhole contained a stuck string of HQ drill.

The water table was estimated by drillers to lie at approximately 140 metres below surface.

Table 3: NDW12-01 Drillhole Characteristics.

Hole depth range

HQ rods recovered (m)

HQ rods remaining in hole (m)

PVC depth range (m) open for geophysics

Blockage (m)

0

to

317.2

0

to

168

0 to

~156

~156 to

167.1

~167.1

to

317.2


June 2012

Page 9 of 30

4. Regional Context The geology of the locality is recognised as Karumba Basin sediments overlying Carpentaria

Basin sediments overlying probable Georgina Basin sediments and these in turn overlying

possible McArthur Basin metasediments and/or Tennant Creek rocks (Warramunga Group).

A regional map is included as Figure 1.

There is no known on-line open file summary available of electrical characteristics of

sediments in this area and in particular there is no known geo-electric section available.

Electrical data may exist within company reports (Roger Clifton pers. comm.) but was not

pursued here.

The regional gravity for Australia, available on the AGSO website and NT website, indicates

that the drillhole is located on a regional Bouguer anomaly high anomaly. This is named the

Daly River arch. This ‘arch’ is a narrow, 10-20km wide North-south striking gravity anomaly

which extends for more than a hundred kilometres, and is of regional significance. The

anomaly morphology, and in particular its marginal gradients, is generally poorly defined by

the 11 km spaced helicopter gravity stations and rare detailed road traverses. One such road

traverse, which extends East-west along the Borraloola Highway and also the Buchanan

Highway, gives some indication. The Buchanan Highway gradient indicates a steeply dipping

density contact, probably a fault on the west side. The depth to the source of the gravity

anomalies has not been modelled and is not known.

There is only weak correspondence between aeromagnetic patterns and the North-south

gravity anomaly high, perhaps indicating that they have different sources. Several estimates

to magnetic basement made by the author (from the low quality regional aeromagnetic data

within the area of EL27878) lie in the range 300-600 metres. The dominant magnetic pattern

indicates a 30km wide suite of approximately 305 degree bearing narrow linear anomalies

through and beyond the EL27878. These responses are typical of dyke swarms intruding

faults. It is speculated they are attributable to magnetic Antrim Plateau Volcanics. Vague

pattern breaks, probably attributable to faults, strike through the EL27878 past drillhole

NDW12-01 on a strike of 020 degrees.

In conclusion, it is likely that the Daly River arch gravity anomaly is caused by a narrow sliver

of higher density basement forming a topographic high, perhaps bounded by steeply dipping

faults. An analogy with the Emu Fault and the localisation of the HYC ore body is relevant.


June 2012

Page 10 of 30

5. Transient Electromagnetic Survey

5.1. Equipment and layout for downhole TEM survey

The downhole TEM survey as undertaken required an energising loop to be laid out on the

surface and for readings to be taken at intervals down the drillhole. A schematic diagram of

the set up is shown in Figure 3. A set of pictures taken in the field by the author to illustrate

the work is included in this report (Figures 4 to 10).

A full description of the operational procedures and digital copy of the results are included in

Zonge’s logistics report (Mann, 2012).


Zonge ZT-30 transmitter, which was supplied with power from a Honda 3 KVa generator, for

the downhole TEM acquisition.

The downhole probe was a Geonics BH43-3D coil probe with data recorded on each X, Y

and Z component a a frequency of 2.083 Hz. The system used 33 time windows from 0.14

to 141 milliseconds and these are provided in the following table (Table 4).

Table 4: Smartem V sampling windows (milliseconds).


June 2012

Page 11 of 30

A conventional, square, dual loop was chosen for this survey, with 200 metres per side,

oriented North-south East-west and with the hole at the geometric centre. Such a loop would

couple with a flat conductor intersecting or lying close to the hole. In operation the current

through the loop is governed by the wire resistance and the transmitter capacity and in this

instance was 0.56 amperes.

The loops were laid through light scrub, which did not require cut lines.

Readings were taken in the hole with the probe lowered in 5 metre stops, with the sensor

location of the probe starting 2 metres below surface and extending to 152 metres below

surface.

An option considered, but not adopted because the hole was not open to its full depth, and

the results did not warrant further work, was to lay out several other adjacent loops cornered

on the hole to search for extensions of any conductors away from the hole.

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of downhole TEM receiver setup. The probe is overall 2.4 metres long, the bottom part comprising a solid weight. The sensor is located mid length.


June 2012

Page 12 of 30

Figure 4: TEM Transmitter site, operator with equipment including insulated cables in foreground, connected to the 200m square loop.

Figure 5: Live wire warning sign; generator and transmitter located 25 metres down the road.


June 2012

Page 13 of 30

Figure 6: Zonge ZT-30 TEM Transmitter indicates 120.1 volts at 0.56 amperes is being fed into the loop.

Figure 7: TEM Receiver layout (refer to the previous schematic diagram); note tripod directly over PVC protruding from drillhole; 4 conductor cable extends across to winch on back of truck; receiving equipment is located beside truck on right.


June 2012

Page 14 of 30

Figure 8: Connecting TEM probe sections; winch on truck at left. Geophysicist holding vertical probe has a gas burner in his right hand and is heating black shrink wrap over screwed joints to minimise water entry and unravelling in operation.

Figure 9: Complete TEM receiver probe: Geonics BH43-3D.


June 2012

Page 15 of 30

Figure 10: EMIT Smartem V receiver and Zonge controller in operation to acquire data, connected to the downhole TEM probe via the winch cable.

5.2. Results and interpretation for downhole TEM

The data obtained by the TEM downhole survey were processed by Zonge in Adelaide and

plotted profiles of these results are shown below (Figure 11).

The plot shows three sets of profiles. The ‘A’ component is axial to the hole and because the

hole is vertical, is also a vertical vector component.

The ‘U’ component and ‘V’ components are North and South vector components. These

latter components can be useful if conductive mineralisation is encountered and can give an

indication of direction of extensions to such.

The units used for the TEM results are microvolts per ampere of current flowing in the loop

and are thus normalised: the scale used in the diagram is logarithmic: horizontal units are

metres from surface, with surface at the left.

The A component shows a very smooth and essentially flat set of profiles. There are no

strong obvious anomalies as might be expected if significant conductors were present

intersecting the hole (confirming what is known from the geological logging).

On close inspection, the early time channels in the A component results show a gentle rise

in amplitude from surface to peak at approximately 35 metres depth. Below approximately

75 metres, there is a very slight and gentle rise in amplitude of all channels towards the

bottom of the set of observations. It is suspected that this may represent a response from

the drill rods.


June 2012

Page 16 of 30

Close inspection of the U component and V component shown here shows weak inflections

at approximately 10-15 metres, 60-65 metres 100-105 metres and 110-115 metres. These

do not show corresponding anomalies in the A component. There is a weak correspondence

with geologically observed unconformities: as such, the inflections may indicate weak

conductivity changes associated with these unconformities.

Figure 11: TEM results for A, U and V components. Vertical scale units are microvolts per ampere and horizontal scale units are metres.

To illustrate the characteristics of the TEM data, decay curve plots are included here for the

33 channel sample taken at the two metre depth point, i.e. for the shallowest sample of the

drillhole and for which the geometry is best understood. Curve fits of two types are applied

where appropriate: power curve fits and time constant fits (Figures 12-15).


June 2012

Page 17 of 30

Figure 12: DHEM 2 metres. Decay curve for channels 1-33 Time constant fit over early channels 2 to 7 i.e. within the red lines (Tau= 0.11ms).

Figure 13: DHEM 2 metres. Decay curves channels 1-33. Power curve fit for channels 7-21 (Power = -2.72).


June 2012

Page 18 of 30

Figure 14: DHEM 2metres. Decay curves for Channels 1-33. Power curve fit for channels 23-33 (power = -0.90).

Figure 15: DHEM 2 metres. Decay curves for channels 1-33. Alternative Time constant curve fit for channels 23-33 (Tau=44.6ms).

A one dimensional inversion was run by Zonge on this shallowest observation dataset at two

metres depth and the result is shown in Figure 16: the drillhole data were treated as a

surface observation for the purpose of comparison with moving loop values discussed

below. This approach provided a result equivalent to a depth sounding which is normally

only possible for each station of a moving loop configuration TEM survey. As such, the

drillhole result can be directly compared to moving loop data.


June 2012

Page 19 of 30

Figure 16: DHEM NDW12-01 surface model resistivities (after Zonge). One dimensional section is shown alongside. Note that the part below the abandoned drill rods may be unreliable.

The smooth sounding model probably indicates a three layer case applies as indicated in the

1-D sketch above (Figure 16). The figure shows corresponding geological notes alongside.

It is noted that the estimated 20 ohm metre section to approximately 40 metres corresponds

approximately with an unconformity noted in drill core at approximately 39 metres.

Below that porous limestone was encountered in drillcore to a disconformity at approximately

140 metres which is also approximately the water table: this depth corresponds to the peak

values calculated in the resistivity model of 500 ohm metres.

Below 140 metres in the sounding model the resistivities drop off to a minimum at

approximately 400 metres.


June 2012

Page 20 of 30

5.3. Moving loops layout for surface TEM sounding survey

Two surface TEM soundings were taken using coincident 200 metre loops at a location

approximately 1.5 kilometres Northwest from drillhole NDW12-01 (see Figure 2).


Zonge ZT-30 transmitter supplied with power from a Honda 3 KVa generator for the

downhole EM sounding acquisition.

5.4. Results and interpretation for surface TEM sounding survey

A one dimensional inversion model of apparent resistivities run on the data by Zonge is

included here (Figure 17). It indicates a three or possibly four layer model applies at this

location.

Figure 17: 1-D model resistivities for Coincident Loop TEM : corresponding first pass model 1-D geo-electric section.

From surface to approximately 50 metres depth resistivities peak at approximately 55-60

ohm metes; from 50 metres to approximately 130 metres values drop to approximately 40-55


June 2012

Page 21 of 30

ohm metres and from 130 metres to approximately 300 metres approach a maximum of 160-

200 ohm metres.

Table 5 : First pass model 1-D geo-electric section at NDW12-01.

Model Depth Range (metres (approximate))

Model Apparent Resistivity Range (Ohm metres)

Geological Interpretation

~00 – ~50 55-60 Dry-moist soils and sediments

~50 - ~130 40-50 Moist sediments

~130 - ~300 160-200 Wet sediments

~300+ Assymtotes to 2 Unreliable


June 2012

Page 22 of 30

6. Induced Polarisation survey

6.1. Equipment and layout

To investigate the Apparent Resistivity and Chargeability characteristics of the geological

section in this drillhole, and in particular of the intersections of sulphides encountered at 183

and 240 metres, it was planned to run an Induced Polarisation survey using a small dipole-

dipole array (one metre ‘a’ spacing and ‘n=1’). Such a survey requires a water-filled open

hole. Because the available hole was not water-filled, this option was not possible to

implement.

A secondary plan, to run a Mise a la Masse style of survey (Mudge, 2004: Hauck, 1970) to

test for possible extensions of any significant sulphides encountered and identify any ‘near

misses’, was finally run in modified form. The survey layout is indicated in Figure 2 in the

Introduction. The layout at the drillhole is shown in Figure 18. Operational pictures taken by

the author are included as Figures 19 to 23.

The equipment used included a Zonge multipurpose GDP-3211 receiver recorded in pole-

pole mode using non polarisable porous pots filled with copper sulphate as receiver

electrodes. Data were acquired in time domain at a frequency of 0.125hz allowing

acquisition of potential voltage 9Vp), self-potential (SP) and chargeability (Mx).

Transmitted fields were generated with a Zonge ZT-30 geophysical transmitter connected to

electrodes on the surface some distance from the hole and the second placed down the hole

at approximately 156m from surface. Synchronisation was controlled by a Zonge XMT-32

transmitter controller.

Ideally this kind of test calls for the current electrode to be planted directly within each zone

of mineralisation. However, because the known sulphide sections were in the blocked-off

part of the hole, it was only practical to do the next best and plant the current electrode at the

deepest point reachable and use this as a current injection point. By this means, the survey

in effect can search above the current injection point.

Induced Polarisation readings were obtained at 40 metre stations on a grid of overall

dimensions 400 metres East-west by 160 metres North-south centred on the drill collar. The

in-hole excitation point consisted of a one metre length of 25mm copper rod at 156 metres

depth presumably located in mud. Approximately two kilograms of copper sulphate in water

were poured into the drill pipe to improve conductive contact with surrounding rock. A

second electrode for current input was located as an infinity point approximately 650 metres

to the South. Readings were taken at moving porous pots located at grid points and at an

infinity point located approximately 650 metres to the North.


June 2012

Page 23 of 30

Figure 18: Schematic of IP current electrode and transmitter layout.

Figure 19: Lowering copper electrode to bottom on hole on rope, with current supplying cable taped on at 5 metre intervals.


June 2012

Page 24 of 30

Figure 20: IP Transmitter set up at hole; Honda generator, Zonge receiver.

Figure 21: IP Infinity current insertion porous pot.


June 2012

Page 25 of 30

Figure 22: Digging hole, filling with water and agitating to create mud slurry suitable for pot at grid point.

Figure 23: Zonge Multipurpose GDP-3211

IP receiver at field station, local earthing pot shown; roving field pot at a grid point (not shown) is connected by long red wire which is visible snaking off past operator in the centre of picture.


June 2012

Page 26 of 30

6.2. IP Results and interpretation

Four plots of results are included here: Self Potential, Apparent Chargeability, Potential, and

Apparent Resistivity (Figures 24 to 27). The grid extends 160 metres North-south and 400

metres East-west and the drillhole and the current injection point lie beneath the geographic

centre of the grid.

Anomalous IP results were recorded in each of the Self Potential, Apparent Chargeability

and Potential. Anomalies and Potential and in Apparent Chargeability are essentially linear

in pattern, have an overall East-west strike and extend at least 200 metres past the drillhole

and out of the surveyed area.

Surprisingly high values of Apparent Chargeability (up to 35 milliseconds in the pink area of

Figure 25) were recorded in the Northwest of the grid. This corresponds approximately to an

area low in Potential low (blue values Figure 26), which in turn allows calculation of Apparent

Resistivity low values marked as deep purple (Figure 27). Such correspondence of high

values of Apparent Chargeability and Low Apparent Resistivity is often associated with

sulphides.

It is notable that in each of these set of responses there is no obvious concentric pattern of

contours around the drillhole. Rather we see a half closed concentric pattern in Apparent

Chargeability centred some 150 metres or more to the Northwest of the drillhole. This is an

unusual and key result. This may indicate that the IP method didn’t connect with significant

conductive or chargeable bodies close to the current injection point, i.e. at 156 metres.

Rather, the IP connected with a separate body at least 150 metres away and below the

Chargeability high. Estimated depth to the source is approximately 150 metres plus.

It is recommended that the anomalies are followed up.

The Self Potential is a measure of natural voltaic response of an area, and a high zone can

indicate oxidising sulphides beneath. In the area around NDW12-01 the higher responses in

Self Potential, as indicated by the pink coloration in the figure, lie in sinuous patterns over

the grid, different from the other responses. This suggests a different kind of source from

what is observed in the Potential and Apparent Chargeability. The sinuous patterns are

suggestive of channels in a floodplain. These responses may indicate variations in clay

content of shallow channels at less than 50 metres depth. The highest results as evidenced

by three stations are centred approximately 80 metres East of the drillhole.

The geological source of the anomalies is uncertain. Sulphides are possible: alternatively

clays are also possible.


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Figure 24: Self potential. This is the natural Voltaic response of the ground with the power source switched off. The drillhole lies at the very centre of the grid. Note the sinuous character reminiscent of channels. Note also the very high (pink) responses centred 80 metres East of NDW12-01.

Figure 25: Apparent Chargeability. The drillhole and current injection point lies at the centre of the grid. High vales, such as those in the northern part of the grid commonly indicate disseminated sulphides.


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Figure 26: Potential data. The drillhole and current injection point lies at the centre of the grid. Note the Potential low in the NW of the grid.

Figure 27: Apparent Resistivity Data. Note the intense Potential low in the NW of the grid.


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7. Conclusions and Recommendations 1. Conclusion TEM: Because NDW12-01 was blocked halfway down and essentially

dry, testing of geophysical characteristics of the rocks intersected by the drill was

limited in scope.

2. Conclusion: TEM: The TEM results did not detect large conducting and chargeable

mineralised bodies either intersecting or as near misses to the drillhole NDW12-01

above an estimated 150 metres depth.

3. Conclusion TEM: Implications for future exploration. The TEM results indicate that

the shallow part of sediments surveyed at NDW12-01 are essentially transparent to

the type of electromagnetic signals used in mineral exploration. Also, importantly,

there is an absence of the often troublesome ‘conductive overburden’ experienced

elsewhere in Australia.

4. Recommendation TEM: If these conditions are widespread in this area of the

Carpentaria Basin, the TEM method is practical for large scale surveys seeking to

explore beneath these sediments to look in the basement for electrically detectable

ore-bodies like for instance HYC and Tennant Creek. Such surveys would use a

heavy duty system with large loops energised by high currents and with longer

recording times.

5. Conclusion IP: The Induced Polarisation results recorded Self potential Apparent

Chargeability and Potential values (similar to Apparent Resistivity) anomalies around

the drillhole NDW12-01. The SP anomalies appear sinuous reminiscent of channels

and it is believed that these are caused by variations in the relatively shallow

sediments, probably the top 50 metres. A locus of high values 80 metres east of the

drillhole warrant follow up.

6. Conclusion IP: Implications for exploration. The source of the Apparent Chargeability

and Potential values anomalies are typical of a large disseminated sulphide body.

The depth is approximately 150 metres plus. These anomalies warrant further

investigation including drilling.

7. Conclusion IP: Because operational matters prevented direct access to the deeper

sulphides intersected by the drillhole NDW12-01, the direct characteristics of these

remain untested by the downhole IP method,

8. Recommendation IP: If exploration continues in this locality, the sources of the deep

and shallow IP anomalies should be followed up.

9. Recommendation General: To focus drilling for ore-bodies in this area, consideration

should be given to gravity traversing across the Daly River arch and airborne

magnetic surveying over the tenements, to pin down the basement depth and

structural morphology.


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8. Bibliography

Hauck III, A.M., 1970. A reconnaissance downhole induced polarisation and resistivity

survey method. McPhar Geophysics Limited. Presnted at the S.E.G. Annual meeting. New

Orleans, Louisiana. November 1970.

Mann, S.T., 2012. Daly Waters down-hole Induced Polarisation and down-hole Transient

Electromagnetic Surveys. Logistics report for NRE Operations. Zonge Engineering Pty Ltd.

Report No 967. June 2012.

Mudge, S.T., 2004. Radial Resistivity/IP surveys using a downhole current electrode.

Exploration Geophysics (2004) 35, 186-193.

Tucker, D.H., 2012. Characteristics and interpretation of downhole geophysics at drillhole

NDW12-01 Daly Waters Project Northern Territory EL27878 May-June 2012. Report

prepared by Gawler Geoscience for Natural Resources Exploration Operations Pty Ltd.

Vigar, A.J., 2011. Review and Exploration Recommendation of the Daly Waters project

Northern Territory EL27905, El27877 & El27879. Prepared by Mining Associates Pty Limited

for Natural Resources Exploration Pty Ltd.

End

Documents

DRILLING COLLABORATION REPORT · 2020. 4. 23. · The rig was released on the 12 June are failed attempts to recover the drill rods, and after lowering the polypipe for the geophysics