Design of Smartcard-based Public Distribution System

An Internship Report

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Award of

M.Tech in Information Technology

By

Vinit Patel

MT2012093

To

International Institute of Information Technology

Bangalore 560100

June 2014

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the internship report titled Design of Smartcard-based Public

Distribution System submitted by Vinit Patel (MT2012093) is a bonafide work carried

out under our supervision at ByDesign India Private Limited from December 15th

, 2013

to June 15th

, 2014 in partial fulfilment of the M.Tech. course of International Institute of

Information Technology, Bangalore.

His performance and conduct during the internship was satisfactory.

__________________________ ___________________________

Mayank Singh JayeshDubey Sr. Technical Lead Hardware Design General Manager and Head

ByDesign India Pvt Ltd., Bangalore (Products and R&D)

ByDesign India Pvt Ltd., Bangalore

Date: 15 June, 2014

Place: Bangalore

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Mayank Singh and Ms.

Shwetha Subraya ,Sr.Tech Lead, ByDesign India Private Limited, for their cordial support,

valuable information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through various

stages.

I also take this opportunity to express my gratitude and deep regards to my manager

Mr.JayeshDubey, General Manager and Head, ByDesign India Private Limited, for his

exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this

project.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, siblings and friends for their constant encouragement

without which this assignment would not have been possible.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... iii

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. v

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vi

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1

1.1. PCB Design Process ......................................................................................................... 1

1.2. PDS Public Distribution System ................................................................................... 2

1.3. GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network ....................................................................... 3

2. SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................... 4

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................. 5

3.1. PDS................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1.1. System Overview ...................................................................................................... 5

3.1.2. Architecture............................................................................................................... 6

3.1.3. Functional Specifications .......................................................................................... 6

4. MY CONTRIBUTION ....................................................................................10

1.1. PDS................................................................................................................................. 10

5. KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP ........................................13

6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................14

GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................15

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................16

v

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: PCB Design Process ........................................................................................................ 1

Figure 2: Passive Optical Network System .................................................................................... 3

Figure 3: PDS Architecture ............................................................................................................. 6

Figure 4: Clock Tree ....................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 5: Thermal Printer Interface ................................................................................................ 8

Figure 6: GPON System Overview................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 7: GPON - Architecture ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 8: Power Up Voltage Sequence for GPON SoC ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 9: Creating Symbol Library ............................................................................................... 10

Figure 10: Schematics for PDS ..................................................................................................... 11

Figure 11: Edit Object Properties ................................................................................................. 12

Figure 12: Layout of circuit ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

vi

ABSTRACT

The public distribution system has been one of the most important elements in India's food safety

net system for almost 60 years.To streamline PDS for better targeting and efficiency, Central and

State Governments have mooted biometric and Smartcard based verification of

beneficiaries.Beneficiary is verified using biometric and/or smartcard authentication before issue

of eligible food grains which is based on social/financial grading of the family. Transactions

carried out on the POS/Hand-held terminal are sent to the server transparently using GSM/GPRS

technology. The PDS is a Smartcard-based handheld device which is used at Fair Price Shop in

the Public Distribution System chain.

1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PCB Design Process

Figure 1: PCB Design Process

The schematic capture program, which is usually part of an Electronic Design Automation, EDA

or Computer Automated Design, PCB CAD, software design package, will create a net list from

the completed schematic that details every electrical connection between each electronic

2

component. This net list is used by the printed circuit board or PCB designer in the process of

designing the printed circuit board with the EDA or PCB CAD software. The finished printed

circuit board will provide the physical assembly and interconnection platform for the various

electronic components required by the schematic.

The EDA or PCB CAD program provides the detailed information about the completed board

design in a series of data files for each conductive layer, such as top, bottom, and any internal

layers. The Gerber files contain all of the information necessary for the computer controlled

machines at the printed circuit board, PCB, fabrication houses to etch the copper layers to create

the component pads and connection traces, drill all required holes, and cut the board to the

required size. Often the file extension for a type of file, top, bottom, silkscreen, paste, inner

layer, is controlled by the EDA or PCB CAD software package or is selectable within the

package. This variation in the extensions makes the inclusion of the readme.txt file as a

requirement in the overall file package for the board vendor.

The bare PCB, the components to be mounted and an excel sheet BOM (Bill of Materials)

containing the instructions and necessary information are then given to an automated assembly

plant. This is followed by board-bring up and verification of the PCB.

1.2. PDS Public Distribution System

The public distribution system has been one of the most important elements in India's food safety

net system for almost 60 years.To streamline PDS for better targeting and efficiency, Central and

State Governments have mooted biometric and Smartcard based verification of

beneficiaries.Beneficiary is verified using biometric and/or smartcard authentication before issue

of eligible food grains which is based on social/financial grading of the family. Transactions

3

carried out on the POS/Hand-held terminal are sent to the server transparently using GSM/GPRS

technology.

1.3. GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network

A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point-to-multipoint

fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber

to serve multiple premises. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service

provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. A PON

reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point

architectures. A passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network. In most cases,

downstream signals are broadcast to all premises sharing multiple fibers. Encryption can prevent

eavesdropping.Upstream signals are combined using a multiple access protocol, usually time

division multiple access (TDMA).

Figure 2: Passive Optical Network System

4

2. SCOPE OF WORK

Problem Statement:

Number of research studies by individuals, institutions and government agencies have been

conducted on the subject PDS. The Planning Commissions Report says that with a net work of

more than 4, 00,000 FPS, the PDS in India are perhaps the largest distribution machinery of its

type in the world. The problem statement is address following issues.

1. Introduce modern technology to facilitate the delivery system.

2. Its failure (PDS) to serve the population below poverty line

3. Identification of bogus card holder.

4. Lack of transparent and accountable arrangements for delivery

5. Diversion of PDS Commodities to the open market, and

6. The effectiveness of delivery machinery (coordination, accountability and supervision)

Approach:

The end product, which is a handheld device, is designed to be used at Fair Price Shop (FPS) for

public distribution system.

5

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. PDS

3.1.1. System Overview

A PoS Public Distribution System device is a fully integrated machine having sufficient

memory to store transaction data over a period of time. The objective of using this device is to

track off-take of commodities by beneficiaries with precision and to thereby eliminate avenues

for diversion of stock. The device has the capability to carry out sales and billing transaction, and

to print the receipt of a completed transaction[1].

The other main features of PDS device are:

1. Powered with removable, rechargeable high capacity Li-ion battery.

2. Tamper proof device to eliminate unrestricted access to the system.

3. Enables authentication using biometric fingerprint and/or Smartcard of beneficiaries.

4. Can function off-line and the stored data can be transferred subsequently as and when

connectivity becomes available.

5. Various modes of communication with the server.

6

3.1.2. Architecture

Figure 3: PDS Architecture

3.1.3. Functional Specifications

Application Processor

The processor feature advanced implementation of single/dual ARM Cortex-A9 core, which

operates at speeds of up to 1 GHz. They include 2D and 3D graphics processors, 1080p video

processing, and integrated power management. Each processor provides a 32/64-bit

DDR3/LVDDR3/LPDDR2-800 memory interface and a number of other interfaces for

connecting peripherals, such as WLAN, Bluetooth, GPS, hard drive, displays, and camera

sensors.

Power-On Reset and Power Sequencing

This module generates an internal POR_B signal that is logically AND'ed with any externally

applied SRC_POR_B signal. The internal POR_B signal will be held low until all of the

following conditions are met:

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4ms after the external power supply VDDHIGH_IN is valid

1ms after the VDD_SOC_CAP supply is valid

The 4ms and 1ms delays are derived from counting the 32kHz RTC clock cycles; the accuracy

depends on the accuracy of the RTC. When the RTC crystal is either absent or in the process of

powering up, an internal ring oscillator will be the source of RTC, which is not as accurate as the

crystal.

Clock Interface

The chip uses an internal oscillator to generate the reference clock (OSC). The internal oscillator

is connected to the external crystal (XTALOSC) which generates the 24 MHz reference clock.

Figure 4: Clock Tree

CCM (Clock Control Module): The CCM module provides control for primary (source

level) and secondary (root level) clock generation, division, distribution, synchronization,

and coarse-level gating.

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LPCG (Low Power Clock Gating): This module distributes the clocks to all blocks in the

SoC and handles block level software-controllable and automated clock gating.

Thermal Printer Interface

Figure 5: Thermal Printer Interface

PSoC4 is a scalable and reconfigurable platform architecture for a family of mixed-signal

programmable embedded system controllers with an ARM Cortex-M0 CPU. It combines

programmable and re-configurable analog and digital blocks with flexible automatic routing. The

PSoC 4200 product family, based on this platform, is a combination of a microcontroller with

digital programmable logic, high-performance analog-to-digital conversion, opamps with

Comparatormode, and standard communication and timing peripherals.

The LB1936V is a 2-phase bipolar drive stepper motor driver IC that supports low-voltage drive.

The LB1936V's miniature package and minimal number of external components reduces the

required mounting area. It also provides high-efficiency motor drive and can reduce circuit

current consumption. Since it provides a current detection pin and supports PWM control input,

it can be used to implement current chopper control at the system level.

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Test and Programming Interface

The test and programming interfaces, provided via JTAG connector, include:

1. JTAG Boundary Scan Interface

2. Flash Programming

Other External interface

1. Keyboard

2. LCD

3. Speaker

4. Smartcard

5. USB

6. SD card

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4. MY CONTRIBUTION

4.1. PDS

1. Creating Symbol library of the components: Libraries are files that contain reusable part

data. They contain parts that you can place as instances on schematic pages. Libraries contain

a variety of symbols (such as power symbols, ground symbols, and so on) and title blocks

that you can reuse in your projects. Library for all the components was created to use in the

design. A sample library file for component TSC2046 is as shown below.

Figure 6: Creating Symbol Library

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2. Schematic design for PDS device: Schematics for the electronic circuits are prepared using

EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools called schematic capture tools. These tools go

beyond simple drawing of devices and connections. Usually they are integrated into the

whole IC design flow and linked to other EDA tools for verification and simulation of the

circuit under design.

Figure 7: Schematics for PDS

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3. Updating the Object Properties: The object properties is updated with information

regarding components PCB Footprint, vendor, vendor part no., description etc.

Figure 8: Edit Object Properties

4. BOM Bill of Materials Generation

A bill of materials (sometimes bill of material or BOM) is a list of the raw materials, sub-

assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts and the quantities of each needed to

manufacture an end product. A BOM may be used for communication between manufacturing

partners, or confined to a single manufacturing plant

5. Design Rule Check DRC

DRC is done in order to verify that the design complies with the Electrical and Physical rules. It

helps in identifying duplicate net names, missing off-page connector, check for single node nets

etc.

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5. KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP

1. Entire PCB design process

2. Tools:

OrCAD Capture

Allegro Physical Viewer

3. Understanding the datasheet of a component and extracting required information.

4. Components and the type of packaging, footprint metrics.

5. Bootloaders(U-Boot, CFE and customized bootloader) and Customization : customizing the

platform specific bootloader for the board bring-up of our custom boards.

6. Linux Kernel image creation, customization and porting onto the Target machines.

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6. CONCLUSION

A Smartcard-based PDS design is proposed to address the issues in public distribution system.

1. Facilitate the delivery system with help to latest technology.

2. Identify of bogus card holder using advanced authentication mechanism.

3. Ensure transparent and accountable arrangements for delivery.

15

GLOSSARY

PCB - Printed Circuit Board

PDS - Public Distribution System

GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network

CAD - Computer Aided Design

SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface

I2C - Inter-Integrated Circuit

UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

GMII - Gigabit Media Independent Interface

JTAG - Joint Test Action Group

SoC - System On Chip

ONU - Optical Network Unit

SLIC - Subscriber Line Interface Circuit

16

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Freescale, "i.MX 6Solo/6DualLite Applications Processors Reference Manual," Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2013.

[2] C. Lam, Passive Optical Networks, London: Academic Press, 2007.