DRAFT RHEENENDAL STRUCTURE PLAN: STATUS … · EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3. ... According to his death certificate he was born at Doukamma in the ... RHEENENDAL STRUCTURE PLAN HERITAGE STATUS

DRAFT RHEENENDAL STRUCTURE PLAN: STATUS QUO

(HERITAGE REPORT)

ON BEHALF OF: Knysna Municipality

MAY 2013

KATHLEEN SCHULZ & STÉFAN DE KOCK PERCEPTION Heritage Planning PO Box 9995 GEORGE 6530 Tel: 082 568 4719 Fax: 086 510 8357 E-mail: [email protected]

COPYRIGHT RESERVED

mailto:[email protected]

RHEENENDAL STRUCTURE PLAN HERITAGE STATUS QUO

PERCEPTION Heritage Planning COPY RIGHT RESERVED

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CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3. EARLY HISTORY 3.1 Leeuwenbosch Farm 3.2 Thomas Bain, early road construction 3.3 Agricultural history 3.4 The Outspan 3.5 Junior Schools on Leeuwenbosch 3.6 Forced removals 4. FORESTRY

4.1 Knysna Forest Conservancy, Millwood Forest 4.2 Zuur Vlakte Woodcutters location 4.3 Rheenendal Sawmill

5. MILLWOOD GOLD MINING

6. SUMMARY 6.1 Social History 6.2 Leeuwenbosch Outspan 6.3 Surrounding Areas 6.4 Thomas Bain 6.5 Forestry 6.6 Gold mining 7. STATUTORY FRAMEWORK 8. SYNTHESIS 8.1 Cultural landscape 8.2 Built environment 8.3 Unmarked graves 8.4 Rheenendal road 8.5 Generic guidelines for new development 9. FURTHER STUDIES ANNEXURES 1. Early woodcutter regulations, 1816 2. Procedure: Section 34 application (structures older than 60 years 3. Procedure: Section 38 application (listed development activities) REFERENCES and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: 1. Chief Directorate: Surveys and Mapping 2. Cape Town Archives 3. Cape Town Deeds Office 4. George Museum Archives COVER: Extract from early (1880) SG Mapping for the study area (Source: CDSM)



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1. INTRODUCTION

PERCEPTION Heritage Planning was appointed by CMAI for the compilation of a historical background report as specialist input into the Status Quo report as part of the Rheenendal Structure Plan. Heritage-related inputs presented herewith did not include fieldwork, oral history research or detailed historic background research and does purport to serve as a heritage survey as referred to in Section 30(5) of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act 25 of 1999). The primary purpose of the report is to identify significant heritage themes pertinent to the study area and to make recommendations with relation to further heritage-related studies that would be required in order to adhere to the above legislative requirements.

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

After examining records for the farms included in the study area namely Leeuwenbosch, Portland, Westford, Lawn Wood, Elands Kraal, Quarry Wood and Zuur Vlakte, also known as

: Portland, Lawn Wood, Elands Kraal and Quarry Wood each have a family history of land

ownership that relate to general farming activities, each with rich and personal history. Henry Barrington, the first owner of Portland and his descendents leave a huge legacy in the Knysna history book in terms of personal achievements and societal influence.

In contrast, heritage themes identified on have wider social significance and are both intrinsically linked to the expansion of the local wood industry, the gold mining theme and consequent social history.

A number of tangible and intangible heritage resources are present within the environs of the study area. These include the Millwood gold field site lies directly north, the 5,000 hectare Gouna forest lies east of Portland and the Thomas Bains road between George and Knysna, which traverses the Homtini River to the west.

No Provincial Heritage Sites have yet been registered within the boundaries of the study area.

3. EARLY HISTORY

This section provides insight into heritage themes relevant to prominent early farms within the study area, based on preliminary archival research and available primary research sources. Note that it is easier to research colonial ownership of farms with anecdotal information than to uncover information of indigenous people in the archives.

3.1 Leeuwenbosch Farm In 1784 a grazing license was issued to Stephanus Janse Weyers allowing him to graze his

Nysthen fell away. It appears that Stephanus Janse Weyers moved to the farm Zwartrivier west of Leeuwenbosch as this is where he was granted land in 1818. It is unclear when the first owner of Leeuwenbosch, Arnoldus Vosloo took occupation. The farm was assessed by the Department of Lands in 1816 and his name appears as the loan holder at that time. It was reported that Arnoldus did not own slaves, had four horses, thirty five breeding cattle and forty oxen. The grazing was described as sour and the common arable land was listed as 29 morgen. A spring was reported to be on the farm that supplied sufficient water for his needs. Arnoldus Vosloo was also reported to be sharing the farm with Solomon Terblanch. On May 15th 1818 Arnoldus was granted his quitrent title deed for Leeuwenbosch, with no mention of S. Terblanch as co-owner. A servitude was written into the deed of grant, stating



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The grantee shall be obliged to allow an outspan place at the forest and that all the timber shall be reserved as usual 1. Presumably referring to timber felled from the crown forests. Arnoldus Vosloo is reported to have died on his property at Zuur Vlakte Leeuwenbosch on 9th December 1856. According to his death certificate he was born at Doukamma in the Plettenberg Bay district in 1777 2. The exact location of the dwelling in Zuur Vlakte could not be established. The farm Leewenbosch has exceptional heritage significance, which can be described as further described in the Sections below.

3.2 Thomas Bain, early road construction

Fortuitously road builder Thomas Bain drew a sketch map in 1860 of the road he planned to build between George and Knysna3. The Homtini section of the sketch (refer to Figure 1) describes the landscape and buildings of Leewenbosch and surrounds, providing us with a snapshot at that time of existing structures and features. The sketch also describes the road he proposed to build in red dotted lines and the existing roads as red solid lines. The road from Zuur Vlakte to Knysna is drawn as a solid line indicating that this road was in existence before 1860.

Figure 1: 1860 sketch map of Zuur Vlakte and proposed Homtini section of road drawn by Thomas

Bains (drawn on silk). (Source: Cape Town Archives M5/119)

1 Cape Town Deeds Office; George Quitrent 2.31. 2 CTA; CSC 2/6/1/372 f.66 married to 2nd wife Anna Margaretha Carolina Bernardo at time of death. 3 Cape Town Archives (CTA); Maps M5/119



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Six woodcutter homes are marked situated north of the existing road to Knysna. No other evidence of the existence of these homesteads was found in the archival documentation examined or marked on current day maps and surveyor general diagrams. The large red dot

Outspan allotment, re-numbered in 1922 as portion 4, Leeuwenbosch4, alongside which the Rheenendal Coloured Township was erected in 19705. The Main Station would have provided housing for the one hundred and fifty convicts employed for one year to complete the Karatara to Homtini section of the road as stated on the key of the sketch map. Work stations are also marked Zuurvlakte woodcutters location. Presumably the work stations were forestry related.

3.3 Agricultural History

elop agricultural activity for local supply and exports on behalf of the Dutch East India Company. The British occupation finally reigning in 1805 spent sixteen years developing a land ownership system that accommodated farmers within the Colonies borders. The farms defined within the Rheenendal Structure Plan all had ownership paper work concluded in 1818 in the form of quitrent grants. All identified farm owners survived with mixed farming activities and some with forest interests6. There was no time to investigate the intricacies of farming activities on the farms histories. All farming activities involved labour and the numbers of coloured farm labour living in the area in 1970 is therefore pertinent to this heritage theme.

3.4 The Outspan

Outspan reserve regulations were written into the Leeuwenbosch quitrent grant in 1818, providing a portion of land measuring twenty morgen (±17.13 hectares). Each farm bordering on crown forest was obliged to provide land for an outspan for which farmers were paid a rental. Licensed woodcutters could graze a span of cattle (16) at the outspan whilst working in the forests for a period of fourteen days. Further rules relating to the use of forest outspans were clearly laid out by Landdrost Adriaan van Kervel in 18167, the era when quitrent land8 was being granted in the Southern Cape. (Refer Annexure 1). Leeuwenbosch outspan was established purely for use by woodcutters and was not a public outspan9. The outspan was in use from 1816 until 1922 when all outspans were deregulated in the Western Cape. Leeuwenbosch outspan measuring 17.13 hectares was transferred to the Divisional Council of Knysna10.

3.5 Junior Schools on Leeuwenbosch

The first school site on Leeuwenbosch was donated by Martinus Christoffel Barnard and Gideon Barnard in 1898. The site measured 300 sq. roods (±334m²) and is now located on Leeuwenbosch 185/1. The property was registered to 'Trustees for the time being of the Leeuwenbosch Public School'. No further information was found on this particular school, but it may have been known as Highway. In 1970 when group area assessments were being compiled by the Community Development Board in the Rheenendal district it was recorded that three junior schools were present in the district: Keurhoek school, 70 children, (the site of Rheenendal township); Balmoral, 35 children;

4 Surveyor General diagram number 2259/1922, Knysna farms. 5 CTA; KUS 843 6 Personal database 7 CTA;CO 2604, 19th December, 1816 8 Quitrent land; a system of land tenure introduced by British officials in 1813. After 20 years rental payments the land could be redeemed and then owned by the lessee. 9 CTA; LND 1/353 f.4680. Outspan dispute, Bibbey vs Barnard, 1890. 10 CTA; LND 34. 1817 and Title Deed 6013/1922; Cape Town Deeds Office.



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Highway, 158 children. Thus a total of 263 children classified coloured. Balmoral and Highway schools were managed by the Diocese of Cape Town (Reverend Witts-Hewinson, George) and Keurhoek was run by the Dutch Reformed church. At the time of forced removals, plans submitted for the Rheenendal junior school made provision for 600 pupils. The school would presumably have provided schooling for all the farm children in the district.

3.6 Forced Removals, Rheenendal, Keurhoek and Leeuwenbosch

An oddity in the archival record was found in that Rheenendal coloured township was built in 1970 and the group area was proclaimed in 1977. The name Keurhoek appears to have local origins and does not appear in official documentation. Leeuwenbosch 185/ 20 was identified as the site for developing a new coloured township in accordance with Group Areas proclamation 206/1977 dated 9th September. The name given to the new township was Rheenendal Coloured Township. Records state that 1300 coloured people lived in the Rheenendal, Leeuwenbosch area in 1970. It was stated that approximately fifty families lived at the saw mill site belonging to PJ van Rheenen (Pty) Ltd., and that the majority of these families were going to move to the new township. The remaining unnumbered families lived in what were described as 'plakkers huise' (informal houses). By December 1970 the first one hundred township houses had been erected. It was anticipated that a total of two hundred and fifty would be built. Plans for a new school of fourteen classrooms, a wood working room, an art room, library and laboratory were designed for the new township. All children previously occupying nearby schools named

ek), Highway and Keurhoek were to attend the new school and the smaller schools were to be closed. Of significance is the number of families living on Leeuwenbosch at the time forced removals were implemented. Further focussed archival and oral history research is required.

4. FORESTRY 4.1 Knysna Forest Conservancy, Millwood Forest

In 1881 Count de Vasselot de Régné, a forest from France was appointed to manage the forests of Cape. He divided the colony into four forest conservancies namely, Western, Midland, Eastern and Transkeian. Knysna fell within the Midland conservancy. The Midland conservancy had its headquarters in Knysna and controlled the forests of George, TsitsikamMa and Knsyna. By 1921 approximately seven hundred woodcutters were registered in the Knysna conservancy.11. Each woodcutter was allocated approximately five trees to fell within the forest reserves. It was estimated that one yellow wood tree would wield forty to fifty sleepers. In the same year eleven men living on Leeuwenbosch were granted licenses to fell trees and two were registered from Balmoral (Zuur Vlakte). The names did not correlate to the owners of Leeuwenbosch, and therefore may have been tenants or employees of the owners.

4.2 Zuur Vlakte Woodcutters location

As part of Count de Vasselot de Régné forest reform policy all randomly positioned woodcutter homesteads situated on crown land were forced to abandon their dwellings and move to formalized Woodcutter Locations (so called on the deeds of grant). This law was enforced from east of Plettenberg Bay to Kraaibosch near Karatara from the year 1881. The Woodcutter Llcations made provision for twenty to forty allotments each, depending on the availability of land. Zuur Vlakte was one such location that formed part of the significant re-socialization of woodcutter families. The occupation of woodcutters held no racial barrier

11 CTA; 1/KNY 8/3



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and different cultural groups lived side by side in the newly established locations. Homes were built by the occupants and cattle were either grazed on a piece of designated commonage or by an arrangement with private owners of neighbouring land. Diagrams for the formalization of land rights for Zuur Vlakte were only compiled in 1891. The reason for the delay has not been established. An aligned group of twenty eight erven measuring roughly between one and two morgen appear to have been leased to

number, indicating that some tenancy arrangement existed between the forestry department and occupants. A valuation conducted in 1905 of the Zuur Vlakte properties indicates that all twenty eight erven were occupied buildings. Of interest is the average value attached to each property was £40, and that of Mr. E. Bibbey was valued at £200, indicating that he was considerably

presumably named after this particular person or his descendants. Another name given to Zuur Vlakte was Balmoral. P.J. van Reenen is recorded as operating a saw mill at Balmoral in 192312. No information regarding the later namings of Zuur Vlakte was found.

4.3 Rheenendal Sawmill

No documentation regarding the establishment of the Rheenendal saw mill was found in the Cape Town archives. Several law suits are recorded but the information did not prove

Knysna 1912 - saw mill

situated on the farm Leeuwenbosch, portion 3 Rheenendal, By 1970 fifty farm workers homes were present on the property. A reference was found to the effect that P.J. van Reenen was operating a saw mill at Zuur Vlakte in 192313. This must have been while he was cutting his teeth in the timber industry.

5. MILLWOOD GOLD MINING

Following findings of gold reefs in the Millwood region, a proclamation was issued to Osbornes Prospecting in 1887, defining the boundaries for gold prospecting at Millwood14. There is so much archival material available on the small Millwood village, it would be a pity not to make mention of it in the report. Although no evidence was found in the archives of the response of neighbouring farms, it would be worthwhile investigating further. Direct links between the study area were found to be scanty in the Cape Town archives and may be more plentiful in Knysna and George Museum archives. It can be expected that the Leeuwenbosch and Portland were directly affected during the thirty year life span of mining operations, 1887 1924 when the mine was de-proclaimed. (Government Gazette number 394/1924 dated 5th December) Figure 2 describes the mining operations of Millwood. Drawn by W.Newdigate, Government Land Surveyor. The sketch was attached to the proclamation notice advertising the opening of the gold fields in 1887.

6. SUMMARY 6.1 Social History

As often happens when doing archival research, gaps appear from unexpected sources. Gaps in social history appeared in the education and community development files. The fact that 263 coloured children were in church schools in the district in 1970 indicates that a substantial coloured community existed in the area. Community Development Board

12 CTA; 1/KNY 8/3 13 CTA;1/KNY 8/3 14 CTA; LND 1/408 f.909



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assessments state that 1300 coloured people were living on Leeuwenbosch and Rheenendal in 1970. If the 263 children are subtracted from the 1300 people, that gives a number of 1037 non school going people - a substantial community. Further studies in the form of broad based community oral history research could provide a platform of understanding between communities involved in the current structure plan.

6.2 Leeuwenbosch Outspan

Leeuwenbosch 185/4 forms the nub of older social history in the area. Being a public space from 1816, there is heritage potential to develop the area. The current land use has not been established. The site shoulders east of the Rheenendal Coloured Township.

6.3 Surrounding Areas

In order to fully understand underlying social structures so relevant within the study area and its environs, there is a need to develop a better understanding of family and ownership histories of current land owners in the area.

Figure 2: Sketch of Millwood. W. Newdigate, Government Surveyor, 1887

6.4 Thomas Bain

The imprint Thomas Bain made on Leeuwenbosch and its environs is highly significant. The site of his camp of convict road builders housed at Leeuwenbosch while building the Homtini portion of road, if identified, could add value to tourism potential in the area. It is recommended that a historical archaeological investigation be undertaken in order to identify the site of the convict camp (possibly the Outspan area or nearby further focussed archival research may be useful in this regard).

6.5 Forestry

Eleven woodcutters were registered as living at Leeuwenbosch in 1921, this means they were living on the farm. The positions of their homesteads are not known. Oral history research is needed in order to better our understanding of this theme.



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6.6 Gold Mining

The Millwood gold mining history sits on the peripheries of the study area. This rich chapter of Knysna history could be utilized to best advantage by new business entrepreneurs living within the study area. Further detailed studies and engagement with current managers at San Parks recommended.

7. STATUTORY FRAMEWORK

The following Sections of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (25 of 1999) must be adhered to with the formulation and implementation of future development proposals in the study area: Section 34(1) No person may alter or demolish any structure or part of a structure

which is older than 60 years without the permit by the relevant provincial heritage resources agency15 (Procedure illustrated through diagram, Annexure 2);

Section 35(4)(a) No persons may without a permit issued by the PHRA destroy, damage, excavate, alter, deface or otherwise disturb and archaeological or palaeontological site

Section 36(3)(a) No person may, without a permit issued by SAHRA or the PHRA destroy, damage, alter, exhume or remove from its original position or otherwise disturb the grave of a victim of conflict, or any burial ground or part thereof

Section 38(1) lists a number of development activities that triggers the necessity to lodge a formal notification of intent to develop to the relevant PHRA, including: - (a) Construction of a road, wall, powerline, pipeline, canal or other similar form of

linear development or barrier exceeding 300m in length; - (b) Construction of a bridge or similar structure exceeding 50 m in length; - (c) Any development or other activity which will change the character of a site:

(i) exceeding 5,000m² in extent; (ii) involving three or more existing erven or subdivisions thereof; (iii) involving three or more erven or divisions thereof which have been consolidated within the past five years; (iv) the costs of which will exceed a sum set in terms of regulations by SAHRA or a provincial heritage resources authority;

- (d)The rezoning of a site exceeding 10,000m² in extent; or - (e) any other category of development provided for in regulations by SAHRA or a

Section of the Act 38(1) further states that, ends to undertake a

at the very earliest stages of initiating such a development, notify the responsible heritage resources authority and furnish it with details regarding the location,

(Procedure illustrated through diagram, Annexure 3)

8. SYNTHESIS 8.1 Cultural landscape

The study area is a place of considerable historical, social, aesthetic, environmental and archaeological significance. Substantial portions of the study area may in fact be defined as a rural cultural landscape as it reveals qualities relating to aesthetic, architectural, historical, scientific, social, spiritual, linguistic, technological and archaeological value. The local cultural landscape is in fact a heritage resource in its own right and provides an essential context for the range of heritage resources mentioned above. The concept of a cultural landscape gives spatial and temporal expression to the process and products of interaction with people and the environment and it is clear that further in depth research would be necessary to integrate our current understanding of heritage themes present within the study area and its environs. Analysis and grading of the cultural landscape should form part of a heritage survey for the area.

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8.2 Built environment

The location of a former school and church site, the current location of which are estimated to be on a portion of Leeuwenbosch185/26, are highlighted mapping. Given the former use of this site as school and church, it is considered to be of socio-historic significance and appropriate future development of this precinct should be encouraged, subject to the outcomes of an integrated heritage impact assessment process. A relatively high density of structures older than 60 years are found throughout the study area and a comprehensive heritage survey is therefore recommended.

8.3 Unmarked graves

While many sources provide insight into the distribution of colonial gravesites throughout the study area, little is known about the location of burial sites used by early woodcutters, former slaves, farm workers or other rural occupants. For this reason it is recommended that early burial registers16 be interrogated in an attempt to provide an indication on which early farms (c.1890) unmarked graves may possibly be unearthed.

8.4 Rheenendal Road

The alignment of this scenic route winding its way through the rural and natural landscapes defining the study area corresponds with its route as highlighted through early (c. 1880-1890) mapping for the area and is of local historic and aesthetic cultural significance. Appropriate forms of development, which may incorporate heritage resources, would be encouraged. Some guidelines to be incorporated for future development along this route may include: Large-scale development along this route should be avoided; Impose building setbacks and height restrictions along the Rheenendal Road; Use the proposed by-laws to prevent inappropriate development and signage; Provide appropriately designed route markers and other signage for tourism purposes; Locate signs against a backdrop to avoid silhouette effects on the skyline. Low signs are

less obtrusive. Fix signs to buildings to avoid proliferation of poles; Prohibit or mitigate visually intrusive structures, advertising (billboards), powerlines etc.

adjacent to scenic routes; Prohibit precast concrete, 'Vibracrete' walls, unpainted cement block walls, high security

fencing and razor wire along scenic routes; Provide well-designed signage, maps and interpretive information for historic sites and

routes at strategic points. 8.5 Generic guidelines for new development

The following heritage-related guidelines should be for future development proposed within the study area: Subdivision of agricultural land should thus be avoided; Cultural landscape elements should be retained; New subdivisions should only be permitted if there is a positive response to the historical

context and pattern of development; Every attempt should be made to merge new buildings with the landscape by:

- Utilizing natural features such as hills and tree belts; - Avoiding high, visually exposed slopes; - Avoiding steep slopes (steeper than 1:6); - Ensuring appropriate set backs from the road edge; - Arranging buildings parallel to contours; - Minimising the scale and massing of new structures by disaggregating building forms

wherever possible; - Merging new buildings into the slope as much as possible to avoid extensive cut and

fill. Buildings should be cut into the slope rather than raised above it; - Planting of new avenues of trees and clumps of trees close to buildings to settle new

buildings into the landscape;

16 1895 Burial Register, Cape Town Archives



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- Using architectural devices typical of the area such as dark roofs, small openings and the use of shutters and pergolas to minimise the impact of buildings on the landscape;

New interventions in historic werfs/ within proximity of significant historic structures should be quiet background buildings.

Similarly the use of lavish decoration and decorative elements such as cast concrete sculptures and urns should be discouraged.

Entrance gateways should step back from the public roads and only low side walls, maximum 5m in length, shall be permitted

No third party or bill board advertising should be permitted. Signage should be restricted to directional signage or to indicate the entrances to and the names of farmsteads. Such signage should be restricted in scale and should complement and form part of the architectural language of the gateway.

9. FURTHER STUDIES

Comprehensive heritage survey, which should include grading and a public participation

process in accordance with guidelines by Heritage Western Cape for such surveys; Compilation of Integrated Conservation Management Plan to facilitate long term

sustainable management of heritage resources in the area; Include heritage in future tourism planning for te area; Broad based community oral history research to provide a platform of understanding

between communities involved in the current structure plan; Mapping of burial grounds scattered in rural area (incl. Geneaology Society survey as a

layer); Formulation of guidelines for evaluating development applications for properties within

scenic route envelopes; Further archival and historical archaeological investigation recommended.

PERCEPTION Heritage Planning 19th May 2013 SE DE KOCK K SCHULZ B-Tech: TRP(SA) EIA Mgmt(IRL) Pr Pln PHP Professional Heritage Practitioner



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ANNEXURE 1

REGULATIONS FOR THE WOOD CUTTERS RESPECTING THE OUTSPAN AND KEEPING OF THEIR CATTLE NEAR THE WOODS 1. The woodcutters shall not keep near the woods more than 16 oxen to every wagon while

they prepare their loads and for each ox exceeding that number, they shall forfeit a fine of five rxd.

2. On showing their license to the overseer of the woods they are to specify to him the number of cattle they have brought with them, and what exceeds the number specified in the first article, they shall send away within 24 hours on pain of forfeiting 5 rxd for every ox.

3. The overseers shall keep an exact account of the return so made also of the spot where they mean to work and of the place where the cattle are to graze.

4. Should the woodcutters prefer to take a couple of cows with them, they shall be at liberty to do so by reducing the fixed number of oxen and take cows in their stead.

5. No woodcutters shall keep any horses near the wood on pain of being find 5 rxd for every horse.

6. No occupier of loan or quitrent land where an outspan place is appointed for the woodcutters, shall send oxen belonging to the woodcutters, nor any other cattle belonging to travellers to the pound, but suffer them to graze undisturbed within the limits of his place.

7. The occupiers of land, as mentioned in the foregoing 6th article, must fence in their ploughed lands to prevent damage.

8. Should the occupier of such land discover that more oxen that what has been determined by the first article should belong to the woodcutters, they shall inform the overseer of it.

9. The overseers shall have the cattle brought to the Kraal in the evening and examine whether the numbers correspond with that reported.

10. Should he find more cattle than what by the 1st article is allowed, he shall then immediately ascertain, by calling the different owners together to whom the surplus cattle belongs.

11. The surplus cattle he shall sent to the pound and a report of it sent to the Field Cornet

12. the owner of the impounded cattle to the said office.

13. After the fine imposed by the 1st article is paid, he will receive a certificate from that office, which he is to show to the Field Cornet and overseer and when the charges of the pound are paid the cattle will be returned to him.

14. The owners shall then send the said cattle away, within 24 hours as by the 2nd article is stipulated.

15. Should it appear however that the information is not well founded then the informant mentioned in the 8th article shall pay to the overseer for attendance and horse hire three rxd.

16. In consideration of the additional trouble hereby occasioned to the overseer he will receive one third of the fines, the two remaining thirds will be applied for the benefit of the school fund.

A G van Kervel. Landdrost 19th November 1816



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ANNEXURE 2



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ANNEXURE 3

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Documents

DRAFT RHEENENDAL STRUCTURE PLAN: STATUS … · EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3. ... According to his death certificate he was born at Doukamma in the ... RHEENENDAL STRUCTURE PLAN HERITAGE STATUS