Draft Report of Traffic System

8/17/2019 Draft Report of Traffic System

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ABSTRACT

Attempt has been made to investigate the factors of trac jam in Karachi

and nd out its impact on the performance of economy. revious studies

high!ight the same e!d but due to rapid!y changes in infrastructure of

Karachi city and gro"ing popu!ation raise the demand for more faci!ities#

space and vehic!es. $t became a vita! cha!!enge for city to manage the %o" of

trac as per routine and design the "ays through "hich prob!ems can rectify

and minimi&e the future prob!ems. $n this study e'p!oratory approach has

been used and primary data "as co!!ected through various methods and

techni(ues "hich he!pfu! to investigate in the subject matter. The (ua!itative

research study conducted via one to one intervie"s from citi&ens of Karachi

a!ong "ith the structured (uestions. Researcher)s observation and

e'perience "or* as a cata!yst to ana!y&e the factua! nding in an appropriate

"ay. The resu!ts of data have been critica!!y e'amined from prospective. This

study conc!uded the *ey issues for trac jam is non+avai!abi!ity of !ong term

p!anning by trac management "hich !eaves negative impact on

performance of economy is c!ear!y e'posed. $t is recommended that factors

indicated in this research may be rectied and remedia! measurement may

be ta*en to contro! these responsib!e factors "hich "i!! creates better

performance of economy.

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$T/RAT0R/ R/1$/2

$n the past many researchers have done the research in the same re!evant e!d# but

due to rapid!y changes in the structure of Karachi city and as "e!! as gro"ing

popu!ation demand more and enough space and faci!ities for vehic!es. 3icu!ties to

manage trac %o" increased day by day so it re(uires !ong term p!anning to cover

the future re!ated prob!em in this e!d# "hich shou!d be rea!i&ed today. Some

e'amp!e are added "hich support to this current research and study.

Trac jams occur "hen the road capacity is saturated o"ing to a high number of

vehic!es passing the same point at the same time. They genera!!y occur in themorning and evening 45structura!6 (ueues7 and sometimes during the day 4incident+

re!ated (ueues7 due to road "or*s# accidents# severe "eather conditions etc

4Sa!man and 8ureshi 9::;7.

According to conservative estimates# more than


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The major portion of the economy is !in*ed "ith the "or*ers those "ho spend time

for business activities. 2hen trac congestion occurred then it create a critica!

situation for "or*ers to response on time. Specica!!y in the metropo!itan areas#

de!ay in response direct!y !eave the negative impact on the business activity and

not generate good response for economic deve!opment of a*istan. 2hen "or*ers

trave! a !ong distance then it direct!y a>ect the time and congestion cost. $t is factthat the trac congestion !oses the precious time and money. $n this sense# there is

need to nd out the "ays through that !eads to"ards the e>ective management of

transportation system of the metropo!itan cities. $t a!so generates the e>ective

resu!ts for business organi&ations to minimi&e the ris* factor that cause because of

trac congestions 42eisbrod et a!. 9::


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BACK@R0?3

Today big Cities main!y depend on transport system for their economic surviva! andsocio+environmenta! sustainabi!ity and the transport system has a direct impact on

a!! sectors of an economy. The impacts of i!!+p!anned transport system on human

environment inc!ude congestion# more energy consumption# po!!ution# trac

crashes# "astes time# de!ay# decreases productivity and imposes costs on society.

These negative impacts can be minimi&ed after the identifying the main factors of

trac jam in the city and then remedia! measurement can be ta*en to contro! these

factors. There has been a major gro"th of trac vo!ume in Karachi over the past

t"o decades due to the great urban popu!ation "ith a !arge number of vehic!e

o"ners and citi&ens "ho transact businesses from one part of the city to another.

A!though many infrastructure faci!ities such as under passes# "ide roads# bridges#signa! free corridor etc. have been made in Karachi in !ast decade but increasing

trac vo!ume and other main factors rapid!y shrin* these faci!ities at present and in

the future there "i!! be "orst position if !ong+term p!anning has not been done

before. Resu!tant!y# our economy "i!! be bad!y a>ected.

A considerab!e amount of research has been made to regu!ate vehic!e movement

through manua! or automatic signa!i&ed faci!ities "hich trans!ate into an order!y

trac %o". 3espite the huge investment in road infrastructure# !arge cities are

facing an ever increasing prob!em of trac jam# accidents# air and noise po!!ution.

ne of the basic prob!ems of the Karachi bus service !ays in mismanagement

particu!ar!y the fai!ure of regu!ating# monitoring and enforcement agencies 4Rao and@renob!e ,;;,7.

Ean*ind has been endeavoring for the improvement of transportation since ear!y

history of civi!i&ation. This improvement is not on!y done for the easy

communication of services but a!so for the e'change of goods and services.

Conse(uent!y# this improvement has up!ifted the standard of !iving and !ifesty!e of

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humans. A best transportation system resu!ts into a "e!!+deve!oped society and a

progressive country 4@o!ob and Regan 9:::7.

Rapid increase in popu!ation become a major cause of trac prob!em and creates a

turbu!ence situation for trac management. 0!timate!y it !eaves negative impact on

the economic deve!opment of a*istan 4@o!ob and Regan 9::erent ang!e. These factors are used in this research rst time and no others researcher had

investigated before such an ang!e "hich has been used in this research.

$?TR30CT$?

Karachi# the most popu!ous metropo!itan city of

a*istan# "ith an estimated popu!ation of over 9<

mi!!ion# is the !argest business hub and the

bac*bone of our economy. Karachi provides

numerous business and job opportunities for its

peop!e. 2ith such a huge and ever increasing

popu!ation the city is current!y facing numerous

prob!ems. ne of the main issues "hich have

a>ected its citi&ens devastating!y is the !ac* of

appropriate pub!ic transportation infrastructure.

The city has a tremendous gro"th in trac at D.9percent annua!!y. The rapid year!y gro"th of buses

and other transport sources are a!so the main

cause of congestion# accidents and increase in trave!!ing time.

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According to a recent study# there are 9I.9 mi!!ion person trips generated in Karachi

every day# out of "hich at !east :J are rea!i&ed through the e'isting system of

pub!ic transport. Karachi)s pub!ic transport system is a!most entire!y run by private

operators of buses# minibuses and vans "ho not on!y run these vehic!es# but a!so

manage their routes and time tab!es. f a!! the buses actua!!y on the road# some

D:J are minibuses "ith 9 seats or !ess. The remaining are standard si&ed# sing!edec* buses "ith potentia! occupancy of I9 seats.

An e>ective transportation system is the *ey to economic deve!opment of any

country. Hor a city !i*e Karachi# e>ective measures are needed to improve the

current transportation system "hich "i!! denite!y increase the overa!! productivity

for economic deve!opment# "hereas# it "i!! a!so faci!itate its citi&ens by saving their

precious time and energy.

0ST$H$CAT$? A?3 R/AS?S H 3$?@ T$S ST03L

After passing = years of independence of our country# a comp!ete trac

management system cou!d not be introduced to overcome the dicu!ties in

trac %o" in Karachi. $mpact of trac jam on the performance of economy

is being negative!y increased. Therefore it is needed that "hat factors are

a>ecting it and at "hat !eve! so in !ight of that it may be improved.

B/CT$1/S H T/ ST03L

Eain object is to nd out main factors of trac jam in Karachi "hi!e specic

objectives "hich are in%uencing the trac jam to nd out the impact ofM

• /ncroachment on road and Hootpath.

• ess par*ing faci!ities.

• $mpact Road 3esign.

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• Trac Signa!s and roundabouts.

• $neciency of trac po!ice.

• Eore vehic!es on road.

• 1io!ation of trac ru!es by divers.

• o!itica! and other agitation.

• Construction of ne" bui!ding and shopping centers.

SC/ H T/ ST03L

This study he!ps to determine the main factors of trac jam through "hich

corrective measure shou!d be ta*en for the remova! of dicu!ties faced on

road by citi&ens of Karachi and economy "i!! a!so gro" in future.

T/ 3/$E$TAT$?

This study is !imited due to time and budget constraints and had inc!uded

very !imited si&e of samp!e to probe in this research therefore further study

in depth is re(uired.

R/S/ARC E/T3@L

To meet objectives of the study and research# both primary and secondary

data "as co!!ected through various methods and techni(ues.

Secondary data "as obtained from various government oces and

concerned departments. Besides consu!ting di>erent journa!s# research

reports# internet and some ne"spapers "ere a!so used to e'tract the

re(uired information.

rimary data "as co!!ected through (uestionnairesN e!d survey# persona!

observations and intervie"s. 3uring co!!ection of primary data# the study

area of Karachi have been visited many times# 8uestions and intervie"s of

di>erent respondents inc!uding drivers of pub!ic transport and persona!

vehic!e o"ners# genera! pub!ic in a random format have been carried out.

$nformation "as a!so recorded through genera! observation and intervie"s

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"ith ocia!s of di>erent concerned departments. The primary object to

eva!uate main factors of trac jam and their impact of the performance of

economy has a!so been assessed. The data obtained "as ana!y&ed and

sho"n in graphs.

R/S0TS A?3 H$?3$?@S

To i!!ustrate this study# it is "orth mentioning here that "e reached this resu!t

through a survey# persona! observations O e'periences. The resu!t of this

survey is mention be!o".

Q1: What type of transport you used?

□□ Car

□□ Motor cycle

□□ Public transport

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:J

,:J

9:J


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Rai!"ay Road"ay

:J

,:J

9:J


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Rai!"ay Road"ay

:J

,:J

9:J


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Les ?o

:J

,:J

9:J


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Les ?o

:J

,:J

9:J


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;P

9

Sticing in road !am

Les

?o

Explanation:

:9J respondents said they didn)t stic* in road am in Karachi "hi!e ;PJ

respondents said they stic* in road am in Karachi.

Q,: -ow you are stic*in' on road +am?

□□ .(eryday

□□ /re0uently

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□□ ccasionally

=J

9:J

,=J

Sticing in road !am

/veryday

Hre(uent!y

ccationa!!y

Explanation:

,=J respondents said they occasiona!!y stic* in road am in Karachi and 9:J

respondent said they fre(uent!y stic* in road am# "hi!e =J respondentssaid they everyday stic* in road am in Karachi.

Q: 3s traffic +am affectin' the performance of economy?

□□ #es

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□□ $o

Les ?o

:J

9:J

I:J

B:J

P:J

,::J

;;J

,J

Tra"c #am a$ecting the performance of economy

Trac jam a>ecting

the performance of

economy

Explanation:

:,J respondents said that trac jam cannot a>ect the performance of

economy "hi!e ;;J respondents said that trac jam can a>ect theperformance of economy.

Q4: 5ic* any three reasons of traffic +am from the followin':

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□□ 5raffic rules (iolation

□□ 3nefficiency of traffic police

□□

5raffic 6i'nals and roundabouts□□ 7ess par*in' facilities

□□ Road &esi'n

:J

=J

,:J

,=J

9:J

9=J


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Q18: 5ic* any three su''estions to impro(e traffic control system in Karachi?

□□ 3ncrease flyo(ers

□□ 3ncrease 5raffic Police

□□ 3ntroduce Metro 9uses

□□ 3ntroduce Metro 5rains

□□ 6trict rules and policies in traffic system

:J

=J

,:J

,=J

9:J

9=J


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buses# and 9=J respondents suggest introducing metro trains# "hi!e =J

respondents suggest to strict ru!es and po!icies in trac system in Karachi.

SW&T '(')*S+S

The present ana!ysis aim is to identify and eva!uate both the positive and

negative aspects of road"ay transportation system in Karachi.

The main purpose of this ana!ysis is to propose strategic !ines of

deve!opment thatM

Q Are supported by the Strengths to obtain benets from the pportunities

and to minimi&e the Threats

Q Eitigate or suppress the 2ea*nesses# since they do not a!!o" to access to

the pportunities# or since they mu!tip!y the potentia! of the Threats

A!! the strategic !ines are !in*ed# considering these four factorsM

ST%E(,T-S:

,. $ntroduce metro buses.9. $ncrease par*ing faci!ities.


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I. /ciency of trac po!ice.=. Strict ru!es and po!ice in trac system.. $ncrease %yovers.

Weanesses:

,. ac* of safety9. ac* of infrastructures p!anning and investment p!anective road design

&pportunities:

,. 3eve!opment of ne" routes for high transport vehic!es9. Bi!atera! and mu!ti!atera! agreements "ith many countries


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.+SC/SS+&( '(. C&(C)/S+&(

$t is conc!uded from the resu!ts that Karachi city is in terrib!e condition due to

i!! p!anned fast gro"ing trac# especia!!y during the past fe" years. This

study a!so conc!uded the core factors for trac jam due to non+avai!abi!ity of

!ong term p!anning by trac management and negative impact on the

performance of economy is c!ear!y e'posed. A!though many infrastructure

faci!ities such as under passes# "ide roads# bridges# signa! free corridor yari

e'press "ay etc. have been made in Karachi in !ast decade but increasing

trac vo!ume and other main factors rapid!y shrin* these faci!ities. $n the

future there "i!! be "orst position if !ong+term p!anning has not been done

before. The city !ac*s proper trac p!anning and management and therefore#;9 J of the respondents are not satised "ith the present trac

management due to !ess par*ing faci!ities and increasing number of cars on

road.

3ue to fo!!o"ing reasons /ncroachment on road O Hootpad# ess par*ing

faci!ities# $mpact Road 3esign# Trac Signa!s and roundabouts# $neciency of

trac po!ice# Eore vehic!es on road# 1io!ation of trac ru!es by divers#

o!itica! and other agitation# construction of ne" bui!ding and shopping

centers.

These main factors cause serious congestion# "hich is counterproductive in

terms of time# e'tra fue!gas charges# de!ay and hence the greater air

emissions and its psycho!ogica! and hea!th impacts# resu!tant!y# our economy

has been bad!y a>ecting.

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%EC&00E(.'T+&(S '(. +0P)E0E(T'T+&(S

$t is recommended that factors indicated in this research may be rectied

and remedia! measurement may be ta*en to contro! these responsib!e

factors "hich "i!! create better performance of economy. A!! government

departments re!ated to the transport sector must be under one "indo" for

their better coordination and management. @enera! A"areness must be

deve!oped in the pub!ic. To reduce the fastest ever trac gro"th# the use of

private cars shou!d be discouraged through the introduction of decent pub!ic

transport# inc!uding circu!ar rai! and transit transport in the city.

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Anne'ure

Factors Affecting Traffic Jam in Karachi and its Impact onPerformance of Economy

Questionnaire

Q1: What type of transport you used?

□□ Car

□□ Motor cycle

□□ Public transport

Q2: Which one is most safe way of transportation in Karachi?

□□ Railway

□□ Roadway

Q: Which one is cheapest way transportation in Karachi?

□□ Railway

□□ Roadway

Q!: "re you satisfied with transportation system in Karachi?

□□ #es

□□ $o

Q%: &o you face any problem durin' tra(el in Karachi?

□□ #es

□□ $o

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Q): "re you stic*in' in road +am in Karachi?

□□ #es

□□ $o

Q,: -ow you are stic*in' on road +am?

□□ .(eryday

□□ /re0uently

□□ ccasionally

Q: 3s traffic +am affectin' the performance of economy?

□□ #es

□□ $o

Q4: 5ic* any three reasons of traffic +am from the followin':

□□ 5raffic rules (iolation

□□ 3nefficiency of traffic police

□□ 5raffic 6i'nals and roundabouts

□□ 7ess par*in' facilities

□□ Road &esi'n

Q18: 5ic* any three su''estions to impro(e traffic control system in Karachi?

□□ 3ncrease flyo(ers

□□ 3ncrease 5raffic Police

□□ 3ntroduce Metro 9uses

□□ 3ntroduce Metro 5rains

□□ 6trict rules and policies in traffic system

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Personnel Information

Name: _________________________________

Gender: Male Female

E-mail ID: __________________________________

Age group Monthly income leel

(tick the relevant group) (tick the relevant group)

22-30 years ___ Below RS 10,000

31-0 years ___ RS 11,000-2!,000

1-!0 years ___ RS 2",000-!0,000

!1-"0 years ___ RS !1,000-"0,000

"0 years # a$ove RS "1,000-%0,000

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%E1E%E(CES

@o!ob# T. H. and A. C. Regan. 9:::. Hreight $ndustry Attitudes to"ards o!icies to

Reduce Congestion. Transportation Research# art /M ogistics and Transportation

Revie"# ects of Trac Congestion on

$T. $nternationa! ourna! of hysica! 3istribution and ogistics Eanagement#

9,497M


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2eisbrod# @. 3. 1ary and @. Trey& .9::

Documents

Draft Report of Traffic System