Draft Guidelines on Best Available Draft Guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best Techniques (BAT) and Best

Environmental Practices (BEP)Environmental Practices (BEP)

Draft Guidelines on Best Available Draft Guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best Techniques (BAT) and Best

Environmental Practices (BEP)Environmental Practices (BEP)

Dale EvartsDale EvartsBAT/BEP Expert GroupBAT/BEP Expert Group

Stockholm Convention:Stockholm Convention:Regional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP GuidelinesRegional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines

Buenos Aires, ArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaMarch 14-16, 2005March 14-16, 2005

Stockholm Convention:Stockholm Convention:Regional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP GuidelinesRegional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines

Buenos Aires, ArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaMarch 14-16, 2005March 14-16, 2005

Structure of the Draft GuidelinesStructure of the Draft Guidelines

• Section I - introduction

– purpose and structure of the document;

– description of the characteristics of chemicals listed in Annex C;

– directly relevant provisions of the Stockholm Convention, Article 5 and Annex C;

– a summary of required measures under these provisions; and

– relationship of these provisions to the Basel Convention

• Section II – Alternatives

– provides guidance on consideration of alternatives, including:

• a checklist that may be used in applying best available techniques to new sources, and

• information on other considerations of the Stockholm Convention (health, safety, environmental, social and economic, Annex C);

Structure of the Draft GuidelinesStructure of the Draft Guidelines

• Section III - general guidance, applicable principles and descriptions of considerations that cut across multiple source categories

• Section IV - compilation of the summaries provided for each category of sources in sections V and VI.

Structure of the Draft GuidelinesStructure of the Draft Guidelines

• Sections V & VI - contain specific guidelines for each source category listed in Part II and Part III of Annex C of the Stockholm Convention. For each of the source-specific guidelines, the following information is provided:

– Process description;

– Sources of chemicals listed in Annex C;

– Primary and secondary measures;

– Performance standards;

– Performance reporting

Structure of the Draft GuidelinesStructure of the Draft Guidelines

• References and bibliographic information:

– Provided at the end of each section of the guidelines

– The complete list of references and bibliographic information for the guidelines and guidance will be available at: www.pops.int.

– This site can be updated as relevant new information becomes available.

Structure of the Draft GuidelinesStructure of the Draft Guidelines

Section I Relation to the Basel Convention

Section I Relation to the Basel Convention

• The Basel Convention is the one other global agreement directly relevant to the application of BAT and BEP in the control of the chemicals listed in Stockholm Annex C

• Stockholm Article 6 – Stockpiles and wastes

• The Basel COP has developed guidance for use by the Stockholm COP in determining the best waste practices for POPs

Section IIAlternatives

Section IIAlternatives

• Provides guidance on the consideration of alternatives under circumstances requiring the use of best available techniques for new sources

• Identifies elements of environmental, health, safety and socio-economic considerations including:

– Reviewing the proposed new facility in the context of sustainable development

– Identifying possible and available alternatives– Undertaking a comparative evaluation of both the proposed and

identified possible and available alternatives

– Providing priority consideration

Article 5 and Annex C of the Stockholm Convention, when considered together, suggest that whenever Parties require the use of best available techniques for new sources, they should do so in a way that gives priority consideration to alternative processes, techniques or practices that have similar usefulness but which avoid formation and release of the listed chemicals.

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

• General considerations: – Timing, action plans & NIPs

• Policy, legal and governance issues: – Country specificity

– Types of measures

• Scientific and technical issues– BAT and BEP will advance with time

• Economic and social implications– Economic and social factors will be important

determinants of BAT/BEP

• New versus existing sources– Phase in of requirements for new sources

– Promotion of BAT/BEP for existing sources

Guidance

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

General Principles

• Sustainable development. Sustainable development. • Sustainable consumption. Sustainable consumption. • Development and implementation of environmental Development and implementation of environmental

management systems. management systems. • Precautionary approach. Precautionary approach. • Internalizing environmental costs and polluter pays. Internalizing environmental costs and polluter pays. • Pollution prevention. Pollution prevention. • Integrated pollution prevention and control. Integrated pollution prevention and control. • Co-benefits of controlling other pollutants. Co-benefits of controlling other pollutants. • Cleaner production. Cleaner production. • Life cycle analysis. Life cycle analysis. • Life cycle management. Life cycle management. • Virtual elimination.Virtual elimination.

Cross-cutting Considerations

• Chemicals listed in Annex C: Formation mechanisms

– Thermal processes – Industrial-chemical processes

• Waste management considerations include– Reference to waste & hazardous waste strategies of

the Basel Convention– Importance of source reduction– Avoidance of open burning

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

Cross-cutting Considerations (continued)

• Management of flue gases– Flue gas treatment techniques– Treatment of flue gas residues

• Training of decision makers and technical personnel– Importance recognised in Convention– Particularly relevant to BAT/BEP issue

• Testing, monitoring and reporting of releases– Important for evaluation of compliance

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

Section III – Guidance, GeneralPrinciples, and Cross-Cutting Considerations

Section IVCompilation of Summaries

Section IVCompilation of Summaries

• Each summary includes the following, as appropriate:

– A brief description of the source, its purpose and the processes involved;

– Potential of the source for generation of chemicals listed in Annex C of the Stockholm Convention;

– Best available techniques and best environmental practices to minimize emissions of chemicals listed in Annex C;

– Primary and secondary measures that may assist in reducing emissions;

– Alternatives, where applicable, to current processes and practices;

– Achievable performance levels.

Section VGuidelines for Part II Categories

Section VGuidelines for Part II Categories

• Waste incinerators– Municipal solid waste, hazardous waste & sewage

sludge– Medical waste

• Cement kilns firing hazardous waste• Production of pulp using elemental chlorine or

chemicals generating elemental chlorine• Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry

– Secondary copper production– Sinter plants in the iron & steel industry– Secondary aluminium production– Secondary zinc production

Section VIGuidelines for Part III Categories

Section VIGuidelines for Part III Categories

• Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites• Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry not mentioned in

Annex C, Part II:– Secondary lead production– Primary aluminium production – Magnesium production– Secondary steel production– Primary base metals production

• Residential combustion sources• Fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers• Firing installations for wood and other biomass fuels• Specific chemical production processes releasing

chemicals listed in Annex C• Crematoria• Motor vehicles, particularly those burning leaded

gasoline• Destruction of animal carcasses• Textile and leather dyeing and finishing• Shredder plants for the treatment of end-of-life vehicles• Smouldering of copper cables• Waste oil refineries