Draft Final Report - SJPNL · Draft Final Report Municipal Corporation Shimla Himachal Pradesh Assessment of Non Revenue water and Developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan

Draft Final Report

Municipal

Corporation Shimla

Himachal Pradesh

Assessment of Non Revenue water and Developing

Strategy and Implementation Action Plan for Reduction

of Non-Revenue water in Shimla City

WAPCOS LIMITED

(A Government of India Undertaking)

(Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation)

76-C, Institutional Area Sector-18, Gurgaon -122015

(Haryana), India

Phone: +91-124-2397391, Fax: +91-124-2399224

E-mail: [email protected]

June, 2018

mailto:[email protected]

Assessment of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan

for Reduction of NRW in the City of Shimla

Draft Final Report

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION SHIMLA

1

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................................................... 3

LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................................................................... 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 10

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 10

1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 10

1.2 Project Background ........................................................................................................................ 10

1.3 Objective ......................................................................................................................................... 13

1.4 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................ 13

1.5 Project Area .................................................................................................................................... 15

1.6 Status Update ................................................................................................................................. 15

CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 19

2 Population Forecast and Demand Estimation ................................................................................ 19

2.1 Population Forecast ............................................................................................................... 19

2.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................................ 22

CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 25

3 CURRENT SCENARIO OF WATER SUPPLY ........................................................................................ 25

CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 35

4 STUDY APPROACH AND NRW ASSESSMENT .................................................................................. 35

4.1 Study of Transmission Losses ................................................................................................ 36

4.1.1 Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti ............................................................................................. 36

4.1.2 Gumma to Sanjauli ......................................................................................................... 38

4.1.3 Giri to Sanjauli ................................................................................................................ 39

4.2 Study of NRW Losses in DMA ................................................................................................ 41

4.2.1 Sec-3 New Shimla ........................................................................................................... 42

4.2.2 Jhaku ............................................................................................................................... 44

4.2.3 Dhalli ............................................................................................................................... 45

4.2.4 Fingask ............................................................................................................................ 49

4.2.5 Vikas Nagar ..................................................................................................................... 50

CHAPTER 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 54



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5 NRW REDUCTION STRATEGY .......................................................................................................... 54

5.1 No/Low-Cost Short Term Solutions .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 NRW Reduction Program ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.1 Preparatory Surveys ....................................................................................................... 55

5.2.2 DMA Establishment ........................................................................................................ 56

5.2.3 Flow and Consumption Measurement ........................................................................... 57

5.2.4 Reducing Commercial Losses ......................................................................................... 59

5.2.5 Reducing Physical Loses ................................................................................................. 59

5.2.6 NRW Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 60

5.3 Recommended Option: ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.



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LIST OF TABLE

Table 1: Population of year 2011 .................................................................................................. 15

Table 2: Finally accepted projected population ............................................................................. 20

Table 3: Land use areas for the year of 2004 .................................................................................. 22

Table 4: Land use areas for the year of 2021 .................................................................................. 23

Table 5: Adjusted Land use areas................................................................................................... 24

Table 6: Source of Water Supply in SPA ........................................................................................ 25

Table 7: Location of Service Reservoir in SPA ............................................................................... 26

Table 8: Zoning of Shimla Water Supply Distribution Network ..................................................... 28

Table 9: Types and Number of Connections .................................................................................. 29

Table 10: Present Water tariff (FY 2015-2016) .............................................................................. 29

Table 11: Present Water tariff ....................................................................................................... 30

Table 12 Revenue Generated in Last Three Years .......................................................................... 31

Table 13 Summary of Collection of Income from Domestic & Commercial Water Supply (FY 2012-

2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016) ..................................................................................... 32

Table 14 Collection of Income from Miscellaneous Charges (FY 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-

2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016) ..................................................................................... 33

Table 15: Water Supply Benchmark – MC Shimla ........................................................................ 34

Table 16 Details of Ashwani Khad Pump House ............................................................................. 37

Table 17 Details of Kawalag Pump House ...................................................................................... 37

Table 18 Details of Gumma Water Supply Scheme ........................................................................ 39

Table 19 Details of Giri Pump House (Stage1) ................................................................................ 39

Table 20 Details of Ukhaldhar Pump House (Stage2)..................................................................... 40

Table 21 Total water measured at source by ultrasonic flow meter ............................................. 41

Table 22 Flow Monitoring data at the outlet of Sanjauli Reservoir ............................................... 42

Table 23 IWA Water Balance for DMA1 New Shimla Sec-3 ........................................................... 43

Table 24 IWA Water Balance for DMA 2 Jhaku .............................................................................. 45

Table 25 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 1) ................................................................ 48

Table 26 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 2) ................................................................ 48

Table 27 IWA Water Balance for DMA 4 Fingask ........................................................................... 50

Table 28 IWA Water Balance for DMA 5 Vikas Nagar .................................................................... 51



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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1: IWA Water Balance ......................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2 Components of physical and commercial water losses................................................... 12

Figure 3 Physical and commercial losses ........................................................................................ 12

Figure 4 Kick-off Meeting ............................................................................................................... 16

Figure 5 World Bank Meeting -1 .................................................................................................... 16

Figure 6 World Bank Meeting 2 ...................................................................................................... 16

Figure 7 Survey Team with lineman of MC Shimla ......................................................................... 17

Figure 8 Validation of Survey: Inspection by Sh. Vijay Gupta, Ex- Engineer & Sh. Gopesh Bahl,

SDO, MC Shimla .............................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 9 Decadal population growth of the Shimla city ............................................................... 19

Figure 10 Rate of Decadal Growth in Population .......................................................................... 19

Figure 12 Rate of Growth in Floating Population ........................................................................... 20

Figure 11 Decadal Growth in Floating Popultion ........................................................................... 20

Figure 13 Land Use Distribution ..................................................................................................... 22

Figure 14: Modes of water supply .................................................................................................. 26

Figure 15 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (10” & 5”) ............................................. 36

Figure 16 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (20”) ..................................................... 36

Figure 17 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (5” each) .............................................. 36

Figure 18 Water Balance from Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti Reservoir ........................................... 38

Figure 19 Water Balance from Gumma to Sanjauli Reservoir ........................................................ 39

Figure 20 Water Balance from Giri to Sanjauli Reservoir .............................................................. 40



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A B B R E V I A T I O N S

CDP City Development Plan

DPR Detailed Project Report

DMA District Meter Area

EA Executive Agency

GOI Government of India

HP Himachal Pradesh

JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

KL Kilo Litres

Lpcd Litres per capita day

NRW Non-Revenue Water

MC Shimla Shimla Municipal Corporation

ML Million Litres

MLD Million Litres Per Day

MoUD Ministry of Urban Development

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PSP Public Stand Post

SCADA Supervisory Control and DATA Acquisition

SPA Shimla Planning Area

ULB Urban Local Body



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 Background

NRW assessment is an indicator of the service providers’ efforts in maintaining the assets of the

utility in general, and the network in specific, in good working conditions. It helps the utility plan

for investment in the rehabilitation or replacement of the network and in budget preparation.

NRW losses seriously affects the water utilities through lost revenue and increased O&M Cost.

Under the Government of India Smart City Mission and AMRUT scheme, Shimla is undergoing

major infrastructure development. One of the key components of Capacity Building for Urban

Development (CBUD) project is capacity building for strengthened urban management. One of

this development projects is assessment of NRW and prepare a strategy to reduce the same.

Municipal Corporation Shimla received funds from Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) for

reducing non-revenue water. Accordingly, it had invited expression of Interest for “Assessment

of NRW and developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan for Reduction of NRW in the

City of Shimla”. The work is awarded to WAPCOS Limited vide Letter No. MCS/WSD/ (Tender/

Award Letter) 2017 dated 17.04.17 and subsequently contract agreement was signed on

18.04.17.

Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh, with its salubrious climate, mountainous topography

and scenic landscape is a major national and international tourist destination. Shimla Municipal

Corporation is the responsible body for provision of water and waste water services in the city.

The present Municipal area is overcrowded and there is no further scope for expansion.

2.0 Status of Water Supply

Following are the major sources of water supply:

S.No. Source of Water Capacity as on April, 2018

1 Gumma + Nauti 21.8 MLD

2 Giri 20.0 MLD

3 Koti Brandi/ AshwaniKhad

2.7 MLD

4 Churat 3.5 MLD

5 Chair 3.0 MLD

6 Dhalli Catchment/ Shiyog

0.5 MLD

Total 51.5 MLD

Thus, the approximate capacity of water at source is 51.5 MLD. The service storage capacity is

26.447 Million liters. The total service connections are approximately 30,994.



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3.0 Current Water Balance and NRW Assessment

The components of NRW can be determined by conducting a water balance. This is based on

the measurement or estimation of water produced, imported, exported, consumed or lost – the

calculation should balance. The water balance calculation provides a guide to how much is lost

as leakage from the network (‘real’ losses), and how much is due to ‘apparent’ or non-physical

losses.

Bulk water supply system has been studied to identify the losses in transmission. The main

source of water is Gumma, Giri, NautiKhad, AshwaniKhad, Churat and Chair. The losses in

transmission from Gumma to Sanjauli is 30.46%, from Giri/ NautiKhad to Sanjauli is 23.73%

and from AshwaniKhad to Kasumpti is 24%. The total water lost in the transmission is 10.627

MLD out of 41.213 MLD supplied from source i.e. 25.785 %.

To conduct NRW Study, five DMAs have been finalized namely Sec-3 New Shimla, Dhalli, Fingask,

Jhaku and Vikas Nagar. Individual NRW Study was conducted in each DMA and results are as

follows:

S.No. DMAs NRW % (flow monitoring -2)

1. Sec-3 New Shimla 22.89

2. Jhaku 15.34

3. Dhalli 22.2/37 avg(29.6)

4. Fingask 6.3

5. Vikas Nagar 16.68

The total water supplied to all these five DMAs was 1.757 MLD out of which 0.366 MLD was lost

at Service Connection. Thus NRW in studied DMA is 20.8%

By Combining the Transmission/ Distribution losses with DMA Study, the projected value of

NRW for Shimla City is 46.585%

4.0 NRW reduction strategy

The key to developing a strategy for management of non-revenue water (NRW) is to gain a

better understanding of the reasons for NRW and the factors which influence its components.

Then techniques and procedures can be developed. WAPCOS has prepared short term and long

term NRW reduction strategy and submitting along with this report. The focus needs to be on

reforms aiming at providing sustainability of services at least for the O&M component.

Following are the proposed strategy for NRW reduction to achieve targeted 15 % NRW in the

system.



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Short Term Solutions

Developing network data base

Metering of High Revenue Customers

Installation of SCADA system

Upgrading complaint registration system

Training/Exposure visits

NRW Reduction Program

Preparatory Surveys

Setting up a core “NRW Team”

Base Maps

Customer door-to-door survey

Topographical Ground Survey

Network mapping

Setting up a GIS

DMA Establishment

Hydraulic modeling

DMAestablishment

Flow and Consumption Measurement

Production metering

Zone meters

Customer metering

Extend metered connections in unserved areas

Reducing Commercial Losses

Regularize illegal connections

Improved billing and revenue collection

Reducing Physical Loses

Continuous water supply

Leak detection and repair within the DMAs

Pipe and connection replacements

Pressure management

SCADA system



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NRW Monitoring

Network monitoring and management

5.0 Implementation Options

The main contract element therefore is "Non- Revenue Water Reduction and Management

Services" which will be paid on a performance basis. The contract will be implemented in four

distinct phases.

Phase Period

Study Phase 12 months from the date of commencement of

contract and up to approval

ofServiceImprovementPlan(SIP) DMA Establishment Phase 12 months from the date of approval of SIP

Rehabilitation Phase 36 months from the date of approval of SIP

NRW Reduction Phase 60 months from the date of approval of SIP

and up to the date of completion of contract

6.0 Way Forward

Final Report will be submitted after incorporation of comments provided by MC Shimla.



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CHAPTER 1

1 Introduction

1.1 General

Shimla with its salubrious climate, mountainous topography and scenic landscape is a major hill

resort for national and international tourists. Its history goes back to the British days when it was

first discovered as a beautiful scenic location for summer resort. Its importance grew when it

was declared summer capital of Govt. of India in 1864 AD. The city further attained the status of

capital of Himachal Pradesh in the year 1966 AD after reorganisation of the state’s boundaries.

Since then Shimla became a burgeoning city with multifarious activities like trade, commerce,

tourism, education, health institution, Govt., Offices, infrastructure, traffic and transportation.

The present Municipal area is overcrowded and there is no further scope for expansion whereas

there is a huge demand for residential and commercial plots. To meet with this demand, Govt.,

proposed to establish satellite towns in Shimla Planning Area by extending the Municipal

boundary.

The present scale of water to rural or urban population is generally inadequate all over the

country hence the MC, Shimla is no exception. Increasing demand of rising population, non-

availability of potential source, inadequacy of infrastructure etc all lead to scarcity of drinking

water in the project area. Non-Revenue Water is another major leading to scarcity of water.

City Development Plan (CDP) proposed under JNNURM identifies water supply and sanitation as

a major priority area to be tackled in order to lessen the growing gap between demand and

supply.

1.2 Project Background

Government of India selected 100 cities after big competition under the Smart City Mission

(SCM), and out of which 20 Cities have already been included for development as Smart Cities in

the first phase, Shimla is one of them. CBUD has envisaged reforms in urban utilities under

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) and present project is result of the same. Under the

mission one of the reform is to make an action plan to reduce water losses to less than 20

percent and to publish on website.

The proposed project is in Shimla, the capital city of Himachal Pradesh (HP). Today, Shimla city

is rapidly expanding, with its economy largely driven by tourism. There is a huge tourist

population all year round, but mostly adding to WSS demand during the peak summer season.



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Despite the improvements carried out so far, as aforesaid, scarcity of water prevails in many

pockets of the city. This status will further be adversely affected by establishing the proposed

satellite towns in Shimla Planning Area. Depletion of yield of sources during lean period and

increase in demand during the summer results in water shortage in the city.

Non-revenue water is an important topic, as it influences the financial sustainability,

serviceability and the management of precious water resources to a large extend. The

International Water Association’s (IWA) definition of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) is the

difference between the water that are distributed into the water distribution network and the

water that are invoiced with the customer. Figure 1 presents the IWA water balance, the most

widely accepted framework for understanding NRW. As shown in the table, NRW includes real

losses (physical losses, such as leakages), apparent losses (commercial losses, such as illegal

water connections) and unbilled authorized consumption (such as water used by fire fighters, or

for the watering of public parks).

Figure 1: IWA Water Balance

Figure 2 elaborates on different components of physical and commercial losses. Losses at

treatment works and during the collection process are not taken into NRW.

A detailed study of the water supply system requires an understanding of the city features along

with the pattern of their development. Water supply plans cannot be planned in isolation. Water

supply plan has intimate linkage with land use pattern, sewerage, surface and ground water

development, industrial development etc and therefore it is necessary to examine these aspects.

Syst

em In

pu

t V

olu

me

Authorized

Consumption

Billed Authorized

Consumption

Billed Metered Consumption Revenue Water

Billed Un-metered Consumption

Unbilled

Authorized

Consumption

Un-billed Metered Consumption

Non-Revenue

Water (NRW)

Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post

& School)

Water Losses

Apparent Losses

Unauthorized Consumption

Metering Inaccuracies

Real Losses

Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution

Mains

Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks

Leakage on Service Connections up to point of

Customer metering



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Figure 2 Components of physical and commercial water losses

Figure 3 shows an adjusted water balance for developing countries. The commercial losses are

represented by green shaded arrows and the physical losses in a single dark blue arrow.

Although the layout is different, it is consistent with the IWA Water Balance, with the exception

outlined above (paid for versus billed).

Figure 3 Physical and commercial losses

However, in most developing countries, the billing/collection efficiency should be taken into

account when looking at NRW losses. It may be so that not all invoices are delivered to the

consumers, or that not for all bills the fees are collected. As opposed to in developed countries,

in many developing countries this may prove a significant factor in missed revenues. Therefore,

one should count only the water that is paid for as revenue water.



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NRW is very often still expressed in percentages, which is easily calculated and seems very

intuitive. However, expressing NRW as a percentage of system input volume is a misleading and

imprecise method, particularly in systems with intermittent supply and very low operating

pressures, as is the case in many developing countries. It is this unit that IWA has set as the

international standard performance indicator for NRW.

1.3 Objective

The core objective of this study is:

a) To assess the area wise water losses (in selected DMA)

b) Identify the reasons for water losses and suggest specific solutions for selected DMA under

the study.

c) Preparation of a detailed 3 to 5-year NRW reduction strategy (yearly activity plan) based

on reduction of losses proposed and cost associated (i.e.no cost, low cost, medium cost

and high cost interventions).

1.4 Scope of Work

Scope of work consistent with objectives is as follows as envisaged in the TOR documents:

1. Assessment of ‘As is situation” e.g. collection, collation and analysis of existing data, field

tests as required to assess and estimate the level of commercial losses through illegal

connections, billing errors, and collection system physical losses through leaks and

bursts in primary and secondary networks and house service connections and reservoir

overflows and develop a strategy for structured control and reduction of NRW in a

phased manner (short term, Midterm and long term) to enable provision of

continuous pressurized water supply services to the customers.

2. In a city where there is no metering, the Consulting firm will conduct detailed survey

including measuring of discharge at household level for NRW assessment. The sample

selection and sample size will be finalized in consultation with the SPV but in any case

sample size shall not be less than the 5% of the proposed DMA or supply zone. As an

outcome, the detail of DMA wise NRW losses (physical and commercial) in quantum

and percent shall be submitted.

3. The Consultant will prepare a detailed 3 to 5-year NRW reduction strategy (yearly

activity plan) based on reduction of losses proposed and cost associated (i.e. no cost,

low cost, medium cost and high cost interventions). Provide support for seamless

convergence with “AMRUT” for implementation of the strategy by facilitating its

inclusion in the Service Level Improvement Plan (SLIP) for the year 2017-18 AMRUT.



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4. The consultant will assess the area wise water losses (in each DMA or supply zone), identify

the reasons for water losses and suggest specific solutions for each area. The Consultant will

also prepare a detailed physical and commercial loss reduction forecasts for the detailed

plan.

5. The Consultant will determine which activities shall be outsourced for NRW reduction

and which should be carried out by MC Shimla.

6. The consultant will broadly undertake following key activities:

a. Data collection on existing infrastructure assets and cost recovery.

b. Evaluation of current production, transmission and distribution service performance.

c. Sample surveys in consultation with the SPV for determining the customer consumption

volumes.

d. Prepare current water balance as per International Water Association (IWA)

methodology.

e. To do the Energy Audit of the machinery being used for the raw water, Water

treatment and supply.

f. Establish current annual levels of NRW with breakup of commercial and physical losses

and evaluate the economic loss to the utility.

g. Develop strategy for progressive reduction of NRW with detailed action plan and costs

involved.

h. Evaluate options for implementation of NRW reduction strategy.

i. Provide a roadmap for rationalization of user charges.

j. Provide roadmap for improvement in current system to achieve the objectives of the

assignment.

k. Prepare implementation contract documents on performance based NRW reduction

framework.

l. Assist the utility in obtaining funding for implementation.

7. Preparation of GIS Maps by using Auto CAD and shall cover all built-up areas of the project &

future areas to be developed. All geographical features such as transport network, buildings,

land use pattern, water supply assets etc. shall be grouped in different layers.



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8. Conduct the energy audit for Shimla Water Supply Scheme with the objective to seek

opportunities to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively

affecting the outputs.

1.5 Project Area

Shimla was first constituted as Municipal Committee and subsequently converted into

Corporation with effect from 29th June 1969. At present Municipal Corporation of Shimla consist

of 25 wards having population of 1,71,640 as recorded during 2011 census operation. The

geographical area coverage of MC, Shimla is approximately 22.07 Sq. Km.

Table 1: Population of year 2011

Sl. No. Area Person

1) M.C. Shimla & Jutog 169578 + 2062 = 171640

Source – Census 2011

1.6 Status Update

The work is awarded to WAPCOS Limited vide Letter No. MCS/WSD/ (Tender/ Award Letter)

2017 dated 17.04.17 and subsequently agreement is signed on 18.04.17.

WAPCOS has already submitted the following reports:

i. Inception report vide letter No. WAP/ Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/05-01 dated

20.05.17

ii. Revised inception report vide Letter No.WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/06-01 dated

21.06.2017

iii. Interim Report-1 vide Letter No. WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/07-01 dated

31.07.2017.

iv. Interim Report-2 vide Letter No. WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2017/12-01 dated

15.12.2017.

v. Interim Report-3 vide Letter No. No./WAP/Infra/HP/Shimla-NRW/2018/01-01 dated

15.01.2018

Following are the meetings held till now regarding the project:

1. Kick off meeting: The meeting was held on 2nd May 2017. All the team members discussed the

approach and methodology to proceed with the NRW study and to confirm the understanding

of system requirement specific to Shimla City Water Supply. All present in meeting assured

immediate supply of requisite data.



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Figure 4 Kick-off Meeting

2. World Bank Meeting - 1: Meeting was held among World Bank, MC Shimla and WAPCOS

Officials on 04.06.2017 regarding progress of the Project. A brief power point presentation by

WAPCOS was made in front of World Bank and MC Shimla Officials. World Bank Officials

instructed to speed up the pace of work to meet the set deadlines.

Figure 5 World Bank Meeting -1

3. World Bank Meeting - 2: Meeting was held with Mr. Gerhardus N. A. Soppe, Senior Water

Supply and Sanitation Specialist, World Bank regarding data collection and results obtained for

Sec-3, New Shimla. Methodology was explained by WAPCOS and suggestions made by Mr.

Soppewere well received.

Figure 6 World Bank Meeting 2



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Apart from above mentioned meetings, a number of meetings were held with Sh.

Dharmender Gill, Superintending Engineer, GSWSSC, MC Shimla, Sh. Vijay Gupta, Municipal

Engineer, MC Shimla and other MC Officials regarding various aspects of the project.

4. DMA Study (conducted in November & December, 2017):

Flow monitoring and household meter reading survey was conducted in the month of

November and December, 2017. A team of six surveyors was deployed to collect the meter

reading from all the DMAs and flow monitoring was done by the following Officials of

WAPCOS:

1. Sh. Deepak Sharma, NRW Expert

2. Sh. Bhanu Pratap, Engineer

3. Sh. Sureshwar Thakur, Technician

Figure 7 Survey Team with lineman of MC Shimla

5. Bulk water assessment and validation of DMA Study (conducted in May, 2018):

MC Shimla vide Letter No. MCS/ME/Supdt.(W)-WAPCOS/WS/18-460 dated 17/02/18 desired

a validation survey in the selected DMAs as a large number of old meters were being

replaced at the time of survey. Thus WAPCOS conducted a validation survey from 02/05/18

to 28/05/18 along with Bulk water assessment.



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Figure 8 Validation of Survey: Inspection by Sh. Vijay Gupta, Ex- Engineer & Sh. Gopesh Bahl, SDO, MC Shimla

The Bulk Water Assessment and validation survey was conducted with the help of following

officials of MC Shimla and WAPCOS Limited:

1. Sh. Dharmender Gill, Superintending Engineer, GSWSSC, MC Shimla

2. Sh. Rajesh Kashyap, Executive Engineer, GSWSSC, MC Shimla

3. Sh. Vijay Gupta, Executive Engineer, MC Shimla

4. Sh. Gopal Krishna, Executive Engineer, MC Shimla

5. Sh. Gopesh Bahl, SDO, MC Shimla

6. Sh. Sushil Sharma, SDO, MC Shimla

7. Sh. Shashi kant Sharma, SDO, MC Shimla

8. Sh. Umesh Dogra, SDO, MC Shimla

9. Sh. Puran, JE, MC Shimla

10. Sh. Dinesh, JE, MC Shimla

11. Sh. Rajesh Mandhotra, JE, MC Shimla

12. Sh. Pathania, Foreman, MC Shimla

13. Sh. Chandra Mohan, Dhalli Lineman, MC Shimla

14. Sh. Dharmanand, Jhaku Lineman, MC Shimla

15. Sh. Amichand, Fingask Lineman, MC Shimla

16. Sh. Rajesh, Vikas Nagar Lineman, MC Shimla

17. Sh. Inder Singh, New Shimla, Lineman, MC Shimla

18. Sh. Rajender Pal, MC Shimla

19. Sh. Keshav, Filter Operator, Dhalli

20. Ms. Vasvi Aggarwal, Engineer, WAPCOS Ltd

21. Sh. Sumit Roy, Engineer, WAPCOS Ltd

22. Sh. Bhanu Pratap, Engineer, WAPCOS Ltd

23. Sh. Sureshwar Thakur, Technician, WAPCOS Ltd



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CHAPTER 2

2 Population Forecast and Demand Estimation

2.1 Population Forecast MC Shimla engaged Dr. Das Asra for preparation of prospective population projections. MC

Shimla handed over a copy to WAPCOS for this project and same is reciprocated below.

Population of the Shimla as per 2011 census is 1,71,640. The decadal population growth of the

city is shown in Figure 8. The rate of decadal growth is shown in Figure 9 and the projected

population is shown in Figure 10.

Population forecast, made by incremental increase method seems to be rational as the

decadal population is decreasing in nature and population is increasing linearly. Hence, the

forecast as made by Incremental increase method is adopted which is shown in Table 2.

72870

95851

129827

156127171640

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Po

pu

lati

on

Year

31.5435.45

20.26

9.94

0

10

20

30

40

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Dec

adal

Gro

wth

(in

p

erce

nta

ge)

Year

Figure 9 Decadal population growth of the Shimla city

Figure 10 Rate of Decadal Growth in Population



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Table 2: Finally accepted projected population

S.No Year Population

1. 2017 185261

2. 2020 196848

3. 2035 242357

4. 2050 294078

Floating Population

The decadal growth of the Floating Population of Shimla City is shown in Figure 11 and rate of

growth is shown in Figure 12.The projected floating population of the city is shown in Figure 13.

100

50

34.39

74.24

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1981 1991 2001 2011

DEC

AD

AL

GR

OW

TH IN

FL

OA

TIN

G P

OP

ULA

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N

YEAR

20

00

0

40

00

0

60

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0

80

63

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14

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1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

FLO

ATI

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PO

PU

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YEAR

Decadal growth in floating population

Figure 11 Rate of Growth in Floating Population

Figure 12 Decadal Growth in Floating Popultion



Draft Final Report


21

It is observed that the Incremental increase method gives rational figures and hence, adopted.

2017 2020 2035 2050

Value of n 0.6 0.9 2.4 3.9

Arithmetic Method 158575 167613 212800 257988

Incremental Increase Method 164953 178974 267016 384958

Geometric Progression Method 186111 214207 432610 873693

Graphical Method 183000 187000 215000 225000

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000

Po

pu

lati

on

Years

Projected Floating Population

2017 2020 2035 2050

Arithmetic method 193864 193864 230903 267943

Incremental increase method 185261 191735 220747 244157

Geometric Progression Method 193160 204910 275301 369874

Graphical Method 184000 187000 215000 225000

Value of n 0.6 0.9 2.4 3.9

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

Po

pu

lati

on

Population Projection



Draft Final Report


22

2.2 Land Use

City Development Plan (CDP) of Town and Country Planning Department has recorded. Land

use areas of the city for the year of 2004 and predicted land use areas for the year 2021 as

shown in Figure 8, Tables 3 and 4 respectively.

Table 3: Land use areas for the year of 2004

Sr.No. Land Use Area (in Hectare) % of urban area % of Planning Area

1 Residential 903.13 61.19 9.07

2 Commercial 25.22 1.71 0.25

3 Industrial 9 0.62 0.09

4 Tourism 21.7 1.47 0.22

5 Public & semi- public 138.78 9.4 1.39

6 Parks & open spaces 6 0.41 0.06

7 Traffic and

Transportation

371.93 25.2 3.75

Total 1,475.76 100

8 Agriculture 2,174.75 21.85

9 Forest 6,080.15 61.12

10 Water bodies and

undevelopable land

219.34 2.2

Total 8,474.24 85.17

Grand Total 9,950 100

61%

2%

1%2%

9%0%

25%

LAND USE (2004)

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Tourism

Public & semi- public

Parks & open spaces

Traffic and Transportation

Figure 13 Land Use Distribution



Draft Final Report


23

Table 4: Land use areas for the year of 2021

Sr.No. Land use Area in Hectare % of Urban Area % of Planning area

1 Residential 2,124 68 21.35

2 Commercial 51.2 2 0.51

3 Industry 17 1 0.17

4 Tourism 98 3 0.98

5 Public & Semi Public 274.28 9 2.76

6 Parks & Open Spaces 32 1 0.33

7 Traffic & Transportation 484.93 16 4.87

Total 3,081.41 100

8 Agriculture 620.63 6.24

9 Forest 6,028.62 60.59

10 Water bodies &

Undevelopable slopes 219.34 2.2

Total 6,868.59

Grand Total 9,950 100

From the Tables 5 and 6, it is to be noted that the land use areas in the year 2021 have been

increased by reducing the Agriculture area. So the total planning area of 1,475.76 Ha which

was considered in the year 2004 has been increased to 3,081.41 Ha for the prospective year

of 2021. However, the existing total ward area as collected from the Town and Country

Planning Department is 2,753.19 Ha. Hence, the Land use areas have been proportionately

reduced/adjusted and are shown in Table 5.

Residential68%

Commercial2%

Industry1%

Tourism3%

Public & Semi Public

9%

Parks & Open

Spaces1%

Traffic & Transportation

16%

Land Use (2021)



Draft Final Report


24

Table 5: Adjusted Land use areas

Sr.

No.

Land use Area in

Hectare

% of Urban

Area

1 Residential 1,898 68

2 Commercial 46 2

3 Industry 15 1

4 Tourism 88 3

5 Public & Semi Public 245 9

6 Parks & Open Spaces 29 1

7 Traffic & Transportation 433 16

Total 2,753 100



Draft Final Report


25

CHAPTER 3

3 CURRENT SCENARIO OF WATER SUPPLY

Pure drinking water free from physical, chemical and biological contamination is the basic necessity

for health and happiness of any community. Epidemiological investigation has amply proved that

fatal intestinal diseases like cholera, diarrhea etc. are transmitted through intake of contaminated

water. Urban communities in absence of inadequate and scarce availability of pure drinking water

may be compelled to consume water of doubtful quality falling prey to such health hazards.

The existing scenario of water supply is studied by categorizing in following broad topics:

a. Sources

b. Mode of Water Supply

c. Distribution System

d. Water Connection Charges & Tariff

e. Service Level Benchmark

The water, which is received from different sources for Shimla Town for distribution, is detailed in

the below Table.

Table 6: Source of Water Supply in SPA

S.No. Source of Water Capacity as on April, 2018

1 Gumma + Nauti 21.8 MLD

2 Giri 20.0 MLD

3 Koti Brandi/ AshwaniKhad 2.7 MLD

4 Churat 3.5 MLD

5 Chair 3.0 MLD

6 Dhalli Catchment/ Shiyog 0.5 MLD

Total 51.5 MLD

Water from the sources are treated and pumped barring Dhalli catchment source, which operates

under gravity conditions. Water thus pumped or gravitated are stored in 10 number of service

reservoirs located at suitable sites covering the MC, Shimla as given in the below table.



Draft Final Report


26

Table 7: Location of Service Reservoir in SPA

Sl. No. Reservoirs Capacity in ML Type

1. Carignano 3.01 UG

2. Sanjauli 8.78 UG

3. Ridge 4.62 UG

4. Mans field 3.63 UG

5. Kasumpti 2.00 UG

6. Kasumpti 0.227 OH

7. Viceregal lodge 0.23 OH

8. Jakhu 0.32 OH

9. Boileaugunj 0.24 UG

10. Masobara 3.00 UG

Total 26.447

The total capacity of existing reservoirs as shown above is 26.447 ML. The reservoirs located at

Sanjaulli is largest one having a capacity to store 8.78ML and the smallest one is situated at

Kasumpti having a capacity of 0.223 ML. Newly developed areas of BCS, Chakkar, Totu etc. do not

have separate service reservoirs instead they are fed from existing ones causing considerable loss

in pressure at the tail end of the network.

WATER SUPPLY

In Shimla, the most prevalent means of water supply is private tap (93%). Public taps, hand pumps,

tanks and other sources constitute 7% of total consumer connections for water supply.

Figure 14: Modes of water supply

Residential Non-Residential Whole City

Source: Land use survey, June 2010



Draft Final Report


27

Above figure shows the proportion of population dependent on various sources for their water

requirements. In the residential category, about 93% of the population have individual

connections to receive water supplied by MC Shimla. A very small proportion of the population is

dependent on community sources, tanker and other sources. In case of the non residential

population (jobs and visitors), dependency on individual municipal water supply is comparatively

low. About 4% of the visiting population are also dependent on tanker. These visitors mostly

constitute of tourists staying in different hotels and guest houses, as most of them buy water

tankers as additional source of water.

As stated above, city has fourteen delineated water zones based on topography and location of

feeder reservoirs as shown in the following Table:

Sl. No. Name of zone Area covered

1. Sanjaulli Sanjaulli Bazaar, Engine Ghar, NavBahar, Snowdown, Jakhoo, Pumping Station, Grand Hotel, Shankli, Scandal, Sangti

2. Bharari Bharari, Harvington, Kuftu, Anu, Bermu, etc

3. Ridge Telegraph office, Krishna Nagar, SabziMandi, Ripon, Lalpani, Western Command, Ram Bazaar, Middle bazaar

4. High Court Lower High Court area, Paradas Garden, Kanlog, Talland

5. BCS BCS, Khalini, Forest Colony

6. AG office Kaithu, Annandale, Kavi, AG Office, Ram nagarVidhan Sabha, ChauraMaidan, TutiKandi, Kumar House, Raj Bhavan, Ava Lodge, Labour Bureau, Kenndy House, Win Gate

7. Vice Regal lodge Institute of Advanced Studies, Tilak Nagar, GhoraChowk, Hanuman Temple

8. Mansfield Mansfield to Marina, Secretariat, Chotta Shimla bazaar, Brock Hurst upto Govt. School

9. Kasumpti Kasumpti Colony, Lower Brock Hurst, Patti Rehana, Patina Mehli, PanthaGhati, Patelog

10. University University Complex, Summer Hill, Govt. Quarters, Shiv Mandir

11. Kamna Devi Hill Spur of Kamna Devi, Forest Colony

12. Chakkar Sandal Hill, Tara Devi, Shoghi

13. Tutu Tutu Bazaar, Jutogh, Dhamida, Fatenchi

14. Dhalli Dhingu Devi Mandir, Dhalli Bazar, Indira Nagar



Draft Final Report


28

Zoning of water supply was modified in 2017 and total number of zones was modified from 25 to 36.

Table 8: Zoning of Shimla Water Supply Distribution Network

S.No. Ward No. Name of the Ward

1 4 Annadale

2 26 Pantha Ghatti

3 1 Bharari

4 2 Ruldu Bhatta

5 3 Kaithu

6 4 Annadale

7 5 Summer Hill

8 6 Totu

9 7 Majiath

10 8 Boileauganj

11 9 Kachi Ghati

12 10 Tuti Kandi

13 11 Nabha

14 12 Phagli

15 13 Krishna Nagar

16 14 Ram Bazar

17 15 Lower Bazar

16 Jakhu

18 17 Benmore

19

20 18 Engine Ghar

21 19 Sanjauli Chowk

22 20 Dhalli

23 21 Mashobra

24 22 Shanti Vihar

25 23 Bhattakufar

26 24 Sangti

27 25 Malyana

28 26 Pantha Ghatti

29 27 Kasumpati

30 28 Chotta Shimla

31 29 Vikas Nagar

32 30 Kangna Dhar

33 31 Pateog

34 32 New Shimla



Draft Final Report


29

35 33 Khalin

36 34 Kanlog

WAPCOS has collected the data from Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla on 4th May 2017. As

on date MC Shimla has provided 30,994 metered water connections in the City (includes domestic,

commercial, construction, public connections, hotel connections, religious connections). The new

water connections for domestic use are charged at Rs. 2,500 per connection whereas for

commercial use it is Rs. 5,500 per connection.

Table 9: Types and Number of Connections

Types of Connection Number of Connection

Domestic 24,208

Commercial 4,403

Construction 1,395

Public Connections 384

Hotel Connections 575

Religious Connections 29

Total 30,994

Table 10: Present Water tariff (FY 2015-2016)

Volume of Supply

Tariff within MC Shimla limits (Rs./KL)

Domestic Commercial

Construction

Government

Institution Upto 30KL Flat Rate: Rs. 358 per month per family

47.12 86.37 37.12

Between 30 KL and 75 KL 62.81

Above75KL 86.37

Source: Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla (rates increases by 10% every year)

The water tariff structure in MC Shimla is presented in Table 10. For domestic consumers bill of Rs.

358 is charged on the basis of flat rate per month per family irrespective of consumption. For

commercial consumers if the usage is less than 30 KL per month then the bill is charged at the rate

of Rs 47.12 per KL, if the usage is more than 30 KL but less than 75 KL per month then the bill is

charged at the rate of Rs 62.81 per KL and if the usage is more than 75 KL per month then the bill is

charged at the rate of Rs 86.37 per KL. In the case of construction connections, the bill is charged at

the rate of Rs. 86.37 per KL. The water charges for supply to government institutions, hospitals, and

religious places are Rs. 37.12/KL. These rates increase by 10% every financial year. The installed

meters are not in working condition and moreover there is shortage of staff to take the meter

reading due to which tariff is charged on flat rate basis rather than actual apart from commercial

connections.



Draft Final Report


30

Presently, the domestic connection within MC Shimla are proposed to be charged at Rs. 13.2 per KL

and outside Shimla are charged at Rs. 47.30 per KL respectively after the installation of household

meters. The commercial connections are metered, however they charged on the basis of Increasing

Block Tariff (IBT). Bills are issued every two to six months to all customers. The 30% sewerage

surcharge is being charged in their water bills. Present water tariff in shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Present Water tariff

A. For Domestic Water Connections:

Rates up to 31/03/2017 Rates after April 2017

Within M.C. Limit Rs 12.00 Per Kilo Ltr. Rs. 13.20 Per Kilo Ltr.

Outside M.C. Limit Rs 43.00 Per Kilo Ltr. Rs. 47.30 Per Kilo Ltr.

In the case of non-functional meters

Within M.C. Limit Rs.275/- Per Month Rs.302.50/- Per Month

Outside M.C. Limit Rs.1100/- Per Month Rs.1210/- Per Month

In case of plugged domestic connection

Rs.50/- Per Month Rs.55/- Per Month

B. Commercial water Connection within and outside M.C. Limit:-


Upto 20000 Ltrs. Rs.33/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.25.30/- Per Kilo Ltr.


30000 Ltrs. To 75000 Ltrs. Rs.69.10/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.76/- Per Kilo Ltr.

Above 75000 Ltrs. Rs.95/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.104.50/- Per Kilo Ltr.

Minimum charge to be paid by

the consumers if consumption is

less than 8000 Ltrs.


In case of defective water

meters


In case of plugged connection Rs.100/- Per Month Rs.110/- Per Month

C. Exclusively for commercial establishment Hotel etc.



30000 Ltrs. To 75000 Ltrs. Rs.88/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.96.80/- Per Kilo Ltr.

Above 75000 Ltrs. Rs.121/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.133.10/- Per Kilo Ltr.


meters





Draft Final Report


31

D. Building Construction Water Connection within and Outside M.C. Limit:-


Building construction connection Rs.95/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.104.50/- Per Kilo Ltr.

Minimum charge to be paid by

the consumers if consumption is

less than 8000 Ltrs.


In case of defective water meters Rs.4,831/- Per Month Rs.5,314/- Per Month


E. Govt. Institution, Govt. Hospitals, Dharamshala’s and Religious place within and Outside M.C.

Limit:-


Rate of water Rs.52/- Per Kilo Ltr. Rs.57.20/- Per Kilo Ltr.

Minimum charge to be paid

by the consumers if

consumption is less than 8000

Ltrs.



meters

Rs.4,831/- Per Month Rs.5,314/- Per Month

Supply of water through

Tanker

Rs.2,219/- Per Month (4000

Ltrs. cap)

Rs.2,441/- Per Month (4000 Ltrs.

cap)

Sewerage user charge @ 30% will be charged extra.

The above rates will be increased by 10% every year i.e. on the 1st day of April

Source: Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla

Table 12 Revenue Generated in Last Three Years

Financial Year Income

2014-2015 Rs. 13.62

2015-2016 Rs. 24.27

2016-2017 Rs. 23.88

2017-2018 Rs.

Table 13 presents a summary of collection of income from domestic & commercial water supply

for the year FY 2012-2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016. Table 14 presents collection of

Source: Meter Reading Department, MC Shimla



Draft Final Report


32

income from miscellaneous charges for the year FY 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-

2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016.

Table 13 Summary of Collection of Income from Domestic & Commercial Water Supply (FY 2012-2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016)

FY 2012-2013

FY 2013-2014

FY 2014-2015

FY 2015-2016

Water Supply Commercial 54239369 54877510 73392572 83630843

Water Supply Domestic 20555028 45367957 27504160 45152632

C.M.C 2107367 1360640 2499266 11564349

Other Charges 58672 23965 7055 3297156

Surcharge 926301 1180208 1218669 1960028

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

80000000

90000000

Co

llect

ion

Ch

arge

s (R

s.)

Collection



Draft Final Report


33

Table 14 Collection of Income from Miscellaneous Charges (FY 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014. 2014-2015, 2015-2016)

ConnectionCharges

RoadDamageCharges

Disconnection Charges

TankerCharges

AdvancePayment

FY 2010-2011 1754515 1713888 29850 628684 926240

FY 2011-2012 1601600 505455 34886 349925 1771731

FY 2012-2013 2155150 360970 284006 470142 3765978

FY 2013-2014 1808700 27459065 116800 479788 3222195

Fy 2014-2015 2358800 24026753 185875 486454 4160046

FY 2015 -2016 2270200 15502652 200450 485217 14428308

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

Co

llect

ion

(in

Rs.

)

Miscellaneous Charges



Draft Final Report


34

As far as the service benchmark for water supply is concerned, it has been analyzed by the MoUD

(GoI) in SAAP of AMRUT prepared for Himachal Pradesh as mentioned in Table 15

Table 15: Water Supply Benchmark – MC Shimla

Performance Indicator Benchmark Status

Coverage 100% 70 %

Per Capita Supply of Water 135 LPCD 114 LPCD

Extent of Metering 100% 100%

Quality of Water Supplied 100% 100%

Source: AMRUT SAAP (2016-2017)

The present water supply system main shortcomings can be summarized as follows:

a. Varying quantum of water availability at source

b. Water supply is erratic; especially during summer. High influx of tourists and other floating

population affects the water supply to local residents.

c. Proximity of water supply network to sewer lines is a critical issue. This is evident from the fact

that Hepatitis A and E cases, which are caused due to contamination of water are on the rise.

d. High Unaccounted for Water (UFW) due to distribution losses (old and leaking distribution

system) and illegal water connections.

e. Poor metering system and low water charges collection efficiency

f. Shortage of manpower

g. Poor maintenance of water sources and infrastructure

h. Water theft and illegal connections

i. Lack of proper consumer data

j. Supply shortage

k. Intermittent supplies and low pressures

l. Inappropriate and inadequate O&M and management of distribution

m. Inadequate system asset and operation data (in particular no flow and pressure measurement

and no records of laid pipelines).



Draft Final Report


35

CHAPTER 4

4 STUDY APPROACH AND NRW ASSESSMENT

The NRW study was conducted in two phases: study of NRW in transmission mains and study of

NRW in selected DMAs.

To study the NRW in transmission mains:

a. All the sources of water were identified and schematic layout was prepared as shown in

Annexure 1.

b. Inlet and outlet flow at each pumping stage was measured using ultrasonic flow meter.

c. The water balance was prepared for the following bulk water schemes:

Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti

Gumma to Sanjauli

Giri to Sanjauli

Nauti Khad to Sanjauli

To study the NRW in selected DMAs:

a. During various meetings with MC Shimla Officials, five DMAs were selected for the proposed

study (attached as Annexure 2).

b. Detailed water distribution maps indicating DMA boundaries and location of flow monitoring

were prepared in consultation with concerned Executive Engineers, Junior Engineers and

Linemen (Attached as Annexure 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E).

c. Field survey was conducted for 7 days period for each DMA. Flow monitoring was done for 7

days at the inlet of each DMA. Meter reading was collected for 100% household at the start

and end of the study period. (Details are provided in Interim Report 2 and 3)

d. Water balance was prepared for the following five DMAs:

Sec-3 New Shimla

Jhaku

Dhalli

Fingask

Vikas Nagar

A detailed methodology along with observations and results is presented in this Chapter:



Draft Final Report


36

4.1 Study of Transmission Losses

The water balance was prepared for the following bulk water schemes:

Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti

Gumma to Sanjauli

Giri/ Nauti Khad to Sanjauli

4.1.1 Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti

The water from Ashwani Khad is pumped to Kawalag Pump House from where it is pumped to

Kasumpti Reservoir as shown bleow:

Ashwani Khad

Ashwani Khad receives water from Koti Brandi and Been through gravity flow. Two pipelines of 10

inch diameter and 5 inch diameter merges into 20 inch diameter and then again near the entrance

of WTP bifurcates into two 10 inch diameter pipes.

Figure 15 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (10”

& 5”)

Figure 16 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (20”)

Figure 17 Tranmission mains from Koti Brandi and Been (5” each)

Ashwani Khad PH

Kawalag PH Kasumpti



Draft Final Report


37

WTP at Ashwani Khad is designed for 10.8 MLD and commissioned in 1995-96. It has four

sedimentation units and 4 rapid sand filter units of 34.7 sqm each. The specification of Ashwani

Khad Pump House is given in Table below:

Table 16 Details of Ashwani Khad Pump House

Installation Year 1992

Total Head 402 m

Discharge 225 m3/h

Speed 1450 rpm

Connected Load 1790 kW

Pump Input 315 kW

Supply and Metering Voltage 11kV

Motor make BHEL

Motor Rating 425 kW

No. of Working Pumps 3 Nos.

No. of Standby Pumps 2 Nos.

No. of Operating Hours 3.5-4

Kawalag Reservoir and pump House

From Kawalag reservoir water is further pumped to Kasumpti Reservoir. The specification of Pump

House is given in Table below:

Table 17 Details of Kawalag Pump House


Total Head 407 m

Discharge 575

Speed 225 m3/h


Supply and Metering Voltage 11 kV

Motor make BHEL

Motor Rating 425 kW

No. of Working Pumps 3

No. of Standby Pumps 1

No. of Operating Hours 5-10 hrs

Kasumpti Reservoir

Water from Kasumpti Reservoir is served to New Shimla and Vikas Nagar.



Draft Final Report


38

Ultrasonic flow meters were used to measured the flow of water in the Bulk water system from

Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti and following water balance was prepared after the survey done in the

month of May 2018.

Figure 18 Water Balance from Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti Reservoir

4.1.2 Gumma to Sanjauli

Gumma has two WTP: Old WTP and New WTP. Water is supplied from Old WTP to Sanjauli through

Craignano. However water from New WTP is supplied through Drabla and Craignano to Sanjauli

reservoir. Water supply from Nauti Khad is also included in the scheme but the supply from Nauti

Khad to Sanjauli is through Mashobra Tank. All these flows are described below:

Details of Gumma water supply scheme is shown in table below:

Gumma Old WTP

Craignano Reservoir

Sanjauli Reservoir

Gumma New WTP

DrablaCraignano Reservoir

Sanjauli Reservoir



Draft Final Report


39

Table 18 Details of Gumma Water Supply Scheme

Old WTP New WTP Nauti Khad

Year of Commissioning 1921-22 1981-82 2006-07

Discharge 6.5 10.94 4.24

Machinery KSB Make 1675 HP

M&P 925 HP

KSB 1110 HP

Discharge of Pump 2 x 206 m3/h 3 x 228 m3/h 2 x 132.5 m3/h

Static Head 1480 m 700 m 1360 m

Flow monitoring was done and water balance was prepared which is shown below:

Figure 19 Water Balance from Gumma to Sanjauli Reservoir

4.1.3 Giri to Sanjauli

The design capacity of Giri WTP is 20 MLD and the scheme was commissioned in 2007. Water is

supplied from Giri to Ukhaldar PH to Bekhalti PH to Mashobra to Sanjalui Reservoir. Water is

supplied from Nauti Khad to Sanjauli is through Mashobra Tank. The details of Pump Houses are

given below:

Table 19 Details of Giri Pump House (Stage1)


Total Head 612.1 m

Discharge 250 m3/h





Draft Final Report


40

Motor make BHEL



No. of Operating Hours 24 hrs

Table 20 Details of Ukhaldhar Pump House (Stage2)

Total Head 625.5 m

Discharge 250 m3/h



Motor make BHEL



No. of Operating Hours 24 hrs

Flow monitoring was done and water balance was prepared which is shown below:

Figure 20 Water Balance from Giri to Sanjauli Reservoir



Draft Final Report


41

Table 21 Total water measured at source by ultrasonic flow meter

Source Volume of Water (MLD)

Ashwani Khad to Kasumpti 0.693

Gumma to Sanjauli 12.54

Giri to Sanjauli 20.9

Nauti Khad to Sanjauli 7.08

Total 41.213 MLD

Table 22 Total water measured at inlet of service reservoir by ultrasonic flow meter

Water at Inlet of Service Reservoir Volume of Water (MLD)

Kasumpti Reservoiyr from Ashwani Khad

0.526 MLD

Sanjauli Resevoiur from Gumma 8.72 MLD

Sanjauli Reservpoir from Nauti & Giri 21.34 MLD

Total MLD 30.856 MLD

Transmission Losses = Water at Source (Outlet) - Water at Service Reservoir (Inlet)

= 41.213 – 30.856

= 10.627 MLD

Total Transmission Losses = 25.785 %

Conclusion

Bulk water supply system has been studied to identify the losses in transmission. The main source of

water is Gumma, Giri, NautiKhad, AshwaniKhad, Churat and Chair. The losses in transmission from

Gumma to Sanjauli is 30.46%, from Giri/ NautiKhad to Sanjauli is 23.73% and from AshwaniKhad

to Kasumpti is 24%. The total water lost in the transmission is 10.627 MLD out of 41.213 MLD

supplied from source i.e. 25.785 %.

4.2 Study of NRW Losses in DMA

Water balance was prepared for the following five DMAs:

Sec-3 New Shimla

Jhaku

Dhalli



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42

Fingask

Vikas Nagar

4.2.1 Sec-3 New Shimla

Sanjauli reservoir supplies water to New Shimla Sec-3 via Mainsfield Tank. The water from Sanjauli

goes to Mainsfield from where it goes to Knollswood from there it supplies water to Sec-1 Tank then

to Sec-2 Tank then to Sec-3 (old tank) and finally to Sec-3 (New Tank). DMA1- New Shimla Sec-3 has

two water storage tanks which have 80,000liters and 6,00,000 liters capacity. As per field

investigation and site visit, 100 mm dia pipeline which comes from Sector 2 feeds 80,000 liter

capacity tank and overflow from this tank feeds 6,00,000 liter capacity tank which is newly

established. Water is being supplied on alternate days for about 4 hours in two days.

Water Supply to the DMA from Sanjauli Reservoir

The water is being supplied to New Shimla through the new tank (capacity 6,00,000 litres)

which is fed by the old tank (capacity 80,000 litres). Thus, the input in DMA was measured at

the outlet of old Tank of New Shimla using ultrasonic flow meter.

The study was conducted from 5th November, 2017 to 11th November, 2017. Following are the

details of flow measured during the study period.

Table 23 Flow Monitoring data at the outlet of Sanjauli Reservoir

Date of flow

monitoring

Flow supplied (in

Litres)

Extra water supply

from new tank (in

Litres)

Total Water Supply

(in Litres)

5/11/2017 230,000 300,000 5,30,000

7/11/2017 236,000 300,000 5,36,000

9/11/2017 241,000 300,000 5,41,000

11/11/2017 240,000 300,000 5,40,000

Total Water Supply for Eight Days 21,47,000

The water supply pattern for the selected DMA is alternate day supply pattern. Meter reading was

taken at the start of study period i.e. 8 days and flow monitoring was done for 8 days (4 days water

supply and 4 days non water supply) from 5th November to 11th November, 2017.

The water supply characteristics of the DMA are:

Alternate day water supply

Water is supplied during the morning hours from 7:30 am to 11:30 am

Water meters are installed in 100% households (newly installed)

MCD school exist in the DMA which have unmetered water connection



Draft Final Report


43

3 Nos. of Stand Post provide water to households which are not connected to Municipal

connection

House Hold Survey And Flow Monitoring

The aim of household survey is to determine the household’s water supply consumption, and

availability of water per capita for the DMA. The field team collected data for the individual house

hold and covered 100 % DMA area for the better and accurate result.

a) Total properties identified:537

b) Category wise:Household-537, School–1

As discussed above, the DMA is served with alternate day water supply and that is about 4 hours in

two days. We have done monitoring for 4 days water supply (total 8 days) and observed that total

water supply volume was around 2,147 Kiloliters. Thus per day water supply is 268.375 kilolitres per

day.

Based on above mentioned Survey, detailed water balance sheet is attached as below:

Table 24 IWA Water Balance for DMA1 New Shimla Sec-3

System Input Volume 268.375 KLD

Authorized Consumption 210.768 KLD

Billed Authorized Consumption

Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported) 206.937KLD

Revenue Water

Billed Un-metered Consumption -

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

Un-billed Metered Consumption 3.831 KLD

Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

22.89%

Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School) -

Water Losses 57.607 KLD

Apparent Losses

Unauthorized Consumption -

Metering Inaccuracies 1.67 KLD

Real Losses

Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains

55.937

Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer



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44

Thus the NRW losses for Sec-3 New Shimla is 22.89 %.

4.2.2 Jhaku

Jhaku was selected as 2nd DMA for flow monitoring and NRW calculations.Outflow from Sanjauli

reservoir goes to the Snowdon pump House. As per site visit, 80 mm main feeder pipe is coming

from Sanjauli reservoir which feeds the tank of Snowdon pump house at the same time pumps

starts feeding the two tanks of Jhaku DMA.

There are total 4 pumps in Snowdon pump house in which only 2 works at a time. In Jhaku, one old

tankhas the capacity of 50,000 liters and new tank has the capacity of 3,00,000 liters.New tank is

filled by 125 mm pipe and old tank by 80 mm which are coming from Snowdon Pump house.Flow

monitoring was done at the combined outlet of the two tanks from where the Jhaku area is being

served.Jhaku is being served from two pipelines of 50 mm and 80 mm diameter.


a) This DMA is having alternate day water supply and that is about 8.5 hours in a day.

b) Water supply hours are from 4:00 AM to 12:30 PM

Flow monitoring and DMA Study was again conducted after the installation of new meter.

Meter reading was taken at the start of the study dayi.e. 16th May 2018 before the water supply

and next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated 17th May 2018 from 3:00 am to 11:30 am.

Thus the average water supply hours are 8.5 hours. The total water input in the system as

measured by the flow meterwas 8,14,000 litres for 2 days as the water supply is at alternate days.

Thus the water supplied per day was 4,07,000 litres. The site survey was conducted in the presence

of Sh. Puran, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla and Sh. Dharmanand, Lineman, MC Shimla along with

WAPCOS team.

Total number of connections identified along with lineman and Sh. Puran, JE, MC Shimla is 364

which includes 19 numbers of Hotel connections.

A sample survey of 67 connections was done for the estimation of average consumption. The

average consumption per connection per day is 946.56 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita

per Day (LPCD) is 189.3 litres.

During flow monitoring 13% households were locked.

metering

Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks -



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The projected total consumption for given DMA is calculated as:

Total connections in Jhaku area: 364

Total water consumption: consumption per connection x total number of connections

: 946.56 x 364 = 3,44,548litres

Water consumption by PSP: 2,500 litres

Total water consumption: 3,47,048 litres

Based on the validation survey conducted after the replacement of meters, the detailed water

balance sheet is presented in Table 25.

Table 25 IWA Water Balance for DMA 2 Jhaku

Thus the NRW losses for Jhaku is 15.34 %.

4.2.3 Dhalli

District Metered Area (DMA) selected for Dhalli receives water supply from Dhalli Water Treatment

Plant. The raw water sources for the 4.5 MLD slow sands filter plant are springs from protected

wooded catchment area. Spring water after filtration at the source, flows by gravity to the

treatment works at Dhalli. The raw water of Jagruti nallah is pumped to Churat from where it is

System Input Volume 407 KLD

Authorized Consumption 347.048KLD


Billed Metered Consumption (including water exported)

344.548 KLD

Revenue Water




-


15.34%

Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post)

2.5 KLD


Apparent Losses


-

Metering Inaccuracies -

Real Losses


-

Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering

59.952 KLD


-



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46

further pumped to Dhalli WTP. Raw water from Lambidhar and Chair nallah is pumped to the

conventional rapid gravity filter plant at Dhalli.

There is no provision at treatment plant to measure the inflow to the SSF plant. However, at the

outlet of WTP meter is installed to measure the daily water supply to households of Dhalli area. The

water is supplied through 150 mm pipeline and records are being maintained in the log book. Meter

readings are compared with the flow meter and found to be in working condition.

Dhalli WTP has Slow Sand Filter (SSF) and Rapid Sand Filter (RSF) units. Old slow sand filter has 2

units of 1300 sq. feet and 2 units of 1400 sq. feet. New slow sand filter has 4 units of 4300 sq. feet

each. The cleaning of filters is being done every 6 months and back washing is being done after 1-2

days.It has been reported that the plants (RSF and SSF) are treating 1.5 MLD of water as on May 18.

Features of water supply system in Dhalli:

a) The water supply is about 6.5 hours in a day.

b) Water supply hours are from 5:00 am to 11:30 am.

c) It was also observed that the timing for the water supply depends on the availability of water in

reservoir.

d) There is no existing elevated or underground reservoir for the DMA thus it receives directly

supply from Dhalli WTP.


The water is being supplied in Dhalli area in two parts. Thus the DMA is divided into two halves,

first half is being served on 1 day and second half on the next day thus each half receives water on

alternate day. Flow monitoring for both the areas has been done separately. Meter reading was

taken at the start of the study daybefore the water supply on 17th& 18th may 2018 and after that

next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated18th and 19th May 2018.

For Dhalli (Area 1)

The total water input in the systemis from two sources, one is from Dhalli WTP and another is from

Gumma. Outlet of Dhall WTP is inlet for our DMA. From Dhalli WTP 5,20,000 litres water is

supplied from 5:00 am to 8:00 am and from Gumma, as measured by the flow meter,the water

supplied was 3,36,600 litres (8:00 am to 1:30 pm) for two days as the water supply is at alternate

days. Thus the water supplied per day was 4,28,300 litres. The site survey was conducted in the

presence of Sh. Rajesh Mandhotra, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla and Sh. Chandra Mohan, Lineman,

MC Shimla along with WAPCOS team.

However the water is further being supplied outside the DMA from three outlets – outlet1: near

tunnel for lower cemetry area, outlet 2: towards devi colony and outlet 3: near mata rani temple

towards fruit mandi. The total water supplied to these areasis 19000, 13000 and 53000 litres



Draft Final Report


47

respectively. Thus the net water received by the DMA is 3,85,800 litres [(520000+336600-19000-

13000-53000)/2] for a day.

A sample survey of 49 connections for the estimation of average consumption. The average

consumption per connection per day is 666.84 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita per Day

(LPCD) is 133.37 litres.



Total connections in Dhalli area 1-450


: 666.84 x 450 = 3,00,076.5 litres

Water consumption by PSP-1000 litres

Total water consumption-3,01,076.5 litres

For Dhalli (Area 2)

As discussed earlier, the water input in the system is from two sources, one is from Dhalli WTP and

another is from Gumma. From Dhalli WTP 2,40,000 litres water is supplied between 5:15 am to

7:30 am and from Gumma, as measured by the flow meter, the water supplied was 2,29,500 litres

(7:30 am to 11:15 am) for two days as the water supply is at alternate days. Thus the total water

supplied for two days was 4,69,500 litres and average water supply per day was 2,34,750 litres.

However the water is further being supplied outside the DMA from one outlet at Dhalli Bazar

towards lower area. The total water supplied to this area is 26,000 litres.

The three outlets in area 1 (near tunnel for lower cemetry area, towards devi colony and near

temple towards fruit mandi) were also monitored for possible leakages.Although the valves were

closed, water was running in the lines in these areas. The water leakages were recorded as 30240

litres near tunnel, 36,504 litres near temple towards fruit mandi area and 4,320 litres towards

devi colony. Thus the net water received by the DMA is 2,21,750 litres for a day.

A total of 46 connections were surveyed for the estimation of average consumption. The average

consumption per connection per day is 398.80 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita per Day

(LPCD) is 79.76 litres.



Total connections in Dhalli area 2-350




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: 398.80 x 350 = 1,39,580 litres

Water consumption by PSP-1000 litres

Total water consumption-1,40,580 litres

Table 26 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 1)

Table 27 IWA Water Balance for DMA 3 Dhalli (Area 2)

System Input Volume 385.8KLD




300.076 KLD

Revenue Water



Un-billed Metered Consumption -


22.2%

Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post & School)

1 KLD


Apparent Losses


-


Real Losses


-


84.724 KLD


-

System Input Volume 221.750KLD




139.580 KLD

Revenue Water



Un-billed Metered Consumption -


37%


1 KLD


Apparent Losses


-



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Thus the NRW losses for Dhalli 1 is 22.2% and Dhalli 2 is 37%.

It is also observed that one of the possible reason of high leakages is old valves, water is running in

the pipelines even when the valves are closed.

4.2.4 Fingask

Fingask DMA is having water supply from Ridge Reservoir. Sanjauli reservoir feeds water into the

ridge reservoir. DMA is having two existing water tank which have 60,000 Liters and 1,50,000 liters

capacity. As per field investigation and site visit, 150 mm dia pipeline which comes from Ridge feeds

1,50,000 Liter capacity tankand 60,000 liter tank and as soon as the tanks are filled supply to the

distributions starts. Thus losses in tanks due to storage are avoided completely.


a) This DMA is having intermittent water supply and it is about 3.5-4.5 hours once in three to four

days.

b) Water is supplied in the morning hours from 8am to 11:30am.


Meter reading was taken at the start of the study dayi.e. 20th May 2018 before the water supply

and after that next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated 21st May 2018 from 7:45 am to

11:30 am. The site survey was conducted in the presence of Sh. Puran, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla

and Sh. Amichand, Lineman, MC Shimla along with WAPCOS team. The total water input in the

system as measured by the flow meterwas 95,000 litres for two days as the water supply is at

alternate days. Thus the water supplied per day was 47,500 litres.

A sample survey of 45 connections was done for the estimation of average consumption. The

average consumption per connection per day is 298.67 litres and consumption in Litre Per Capita

per Day (LPCD) is 59.73 litres.



Real Losses


45.638

Leakage in valves 35.532


-


-



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The total number of connections in Fingask DMA is 179 but for 30 households water cannot be

supplied on the day of study due to shortage of water thus the water has been supplied to 149

connections.

Total connections served on the day of study in Fingask area: 179-30=149


: 298.67 x 149 =44,502litres

Total water consumption: 44,502 litres

Based on above mentioned calculations, detailed water balance sheet is attached as below:

Table 28 IWA Water Balance for DMA 4 Fingask

Thus the NRW losses for Fingask is 6.3%.

4.2.5 Vikas Nagar

Water Supply in Vikas Nagar DMA is from Kasumpti reservoir. There is one outlet of 100 mm dia

which distribute water to identified DMA area. There is another existing water tank within DMA with

a capacity of 40,000 Lakhs liters which feeds from main reservoir and serves 48 connections.





44.502KLD

Revenue Water




-


6.3%


-


Apparent Losses


-

Metering Inaccuracies

-

Real Losses


2.998 KLD Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering



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The timing for the water supply depends on the availability of water in reservoir. The flow

monitoring was done on the following dates and time:

Date Time

15/12/2017 4:55 am to 6: 45 am

17/12/2017 5.00 am to 6:45 am

19/12/2017 5:47 am to 7 am


a) This DMA is having alternate water supply and that is about approximately 8 hours.

b) The water supply hours are in the morning from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm.


Meter reading was taken at the start of the study day i.e. 15th May 2018 before the water supply

and after that next day flow monitoring was done for a day dated 16th May 2018 from 9:15 am to

4:30 pm. The site survey was conducted in the presence of Sh. Dinesh, Junior Engineer, MC Shimla

and Sh. Rajesh, Lineman, MC Shimla along with WAPCOS team. The total water input in the system

as measured by the flow meter was 8,53,000 litres for two days as the water supply is at alternate

days. Thus the water supplied per day was 4,26,500 litres.

A sample survey of 52 connections was done for the estimation of average consumption.

The average consumption per connection per day is 546.73 litres and consumption in Litre Per

Capita per Day (LPCD) is 109.35litres.

During flow monitoring-1, 14.5% households were locked and during flow monitoring-2, 17%

households were locked.


Total connections in Vikas Nagar area: 650


: 546.73 x 650 = 3,55,375 litres

Total water consumption: 3,55,375 litres

Based on above mentioned calculations, detailed water balance sheet is attached as below:

Table 29 IWA Water Balance for DMA 5 Vikas Nagar





355.375 KLD

Revenue Water



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Thus the NRW losses for Vikas Nagar is 6.3%.

To conduct NRW Study, five DMAs have been finalized namely Sec-3 New Shimla, Dhalli, Fingask,

Jhaku and Vikas Nagar. Individual NRW Study was conducted in each DMA and results are as follows:

S.No. DMAs NRW % (flow monitoring -2)

1. Sec-3 New Shimla 22.89

2. Jhaku 15.34

3. Dhalli 22.2/37 avg(29.6)

4. Fingask 6.3

5. Vikas Nagar 16.68

Following Table combines the NRW studied in all the DMAs to arrive at NRW Loss for whole Shimla

City.

DMA System Input

Authorized Consumption

Water Losses

Revenue Water Non Revenue Water




-


16.68%


-


Apparent Losses


-


Real Losses


71.125 KLD



-



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Volume (KLD)

(KLD) (KLD) Billed Un-metered Consumption (KLD)

Un-billed Metered Consumption (KLD)

Un-billed Un-metered Consumption (Public post) (KLD)

Metering Inaccuracies (KLD)

Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering (KLD)

Sec-3 New Shimla

268.375 210.768 57.607 206.937 3.831 1.67 55.937

Jhaku 407 347.048 59.952 344.548 2.5 59.952

Dhalli Area 1

385.8 301.076 84.724 300.076 1 84.724

Dhalli Area 2

221.75 140.58 81.17 139.58 1 81.17

Fing Ask 47.5 44.502 2.998 44.502 2.998

Vikas Nagar

426.5 355.375 71.125 355.375 71.125

1756.92 1399.34 357.57 1391.01 3.83 4.5 1.67 355.91

The total water supplied to all these five DMAs was 1.757 MLD out of which 0.366 MLD was lost at

Service Connection. Thus NRW in studied DMA is 20.8%. By Combining the Transmission/

Distribution losses with DMA Study, the projected value of NRW for Shimla City is 46.585%.



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CHAPTER 5

5 NRW REDUCTION STRATEGY

Potable water is becoming scarcer; often making it more energy intensive to procure. More energy is

required to pump water to greater distances and from deeper depth in the ground. This alarming

situation and ever increasing population has cautioned everybody to conserve the available water

resources and adapt oneself to optimum use of available water. The water supply, as an essential

commodity, has to be looked upon from demand side as well as supply side. The urban local bodies,

which form the supply side, will have to play a vital role in managing this often-scarce resource. As

global urbanization continues, they have the complex task of cost effectively providing water to keep

cities functioning. Further in the process of improving overall water system efficiency, energy &

water consumption have to be viewed as linked inputs rather than viewing them as separate and

unrelated. On the other hand, the demand side which consists of consumers have to be made aware

of the present situation of the available water resources, necessary habitual changes required to be

made by adopting various means of water conservation, optimal use of available water, re-use and

recirculation of waste water for some activities, frequent inspection and rectification of home

appliances to reduce leak & wastage, restricted use of appliances requiring more water, etc.

The first step in developing a strategy is to ask some questions about the network characteristics

and the operating practices, and then use the available tools and mechanisms to suggest

appropriate solutions, which are used to formulate the strategy. Typical questions are;

How much water is being lost?

Where is it being lost from?

Why is it being lost?

What strategies can be introduced to reduce losses and improve performance?

How can we maintain the strategy and sustain the achievements gained?

The key steps comprising of a locally appropriate NRW reduction strategy are grouped into two

categories of (i) No/Low cost short term solutions and (ii) medium term focused NRW reduction

program as detailed below.



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Following short term improvements are proposed for as a foundation for the complex NRW

reduction process.

Developing network data base: SMC currently undertakes repair of about 2–3 leaks per day

per technician/lineman and has no record of the location and nature of repair and also account

of materials used. Technician is to record every network activity like date and time, location of

intervention, type of road surface, depth of cutting, type of pipe, material of pipe, depth at

which pipe is existing, material used for repair. This data shall be captured on any open source

free software like Google docs and the pictures from the site recorded on Google Earth. When

such data is captured continuously for two years, it would become very usefull network asset

and condition data which can guide the SMC informulating robust asset management plans as

well as future extensions.

Metering of High Revenue Customers: The High Revenue customers like hotels, colleges,

restaurants, private institutions and industries can be fitted with AMR water meters

and charged based on the volumetric consumption so as to improve the revenue of the SMC.

Installation of SCADA system: There is no SCADA system in the system for recording flow

rate, totalizer flow which can conclude daily water production and consumption in the system.

SCADA system with AMR system need to install for water balancing.

Upgrading complaint registration system: An application can be created for smart phones

with the features for recording location, photograph, nature and description of complaints. The

same can be logged into a database and the details pertaining to the actual cause, location,

pipe line and material used for repair of the complaint can be updated in the database on the

redressal of complaint.

Training/Exposure visits As a part of capacity building activity, a group of engineers may be

sent to training purpose especially the customer metering, meter maintenance and revenue

collection through kiosks.

5.1.1 Preparatory Surveys

1. Setting up a core “NRW Team”: The first element of the strategy is to set up a core team for

NRW control. The team shall comprise of couple of young and energetic engineers initially

supported by accountants. They should be reporting directly to the Executive Engineer of MC

Shimla and they should be provided with sufficient training, computers and knowledge tools for

implementing a focused NRW reduction program.

2. Base Maps: Having a high quality base map of the built-up area of the city is an essential

prerequisite towards good network mapping, Hydraulic Modeling and the development of a GIS.

Recent developments in satellite photography have ensured that high quality images are now



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available from which base maps can be provided in digital format capable of being used by

AutoCAD software. It is understood that SMC has hired different consultants and have done

toposurvey and prepared base map for the SMC area for water supply scheme.

3. Customer door-to-door survey to determine the property details, number of households,

resident population, type of water use, availability of water connection, alternate water supply

arrangements etc.

4. Topographical Ground Survey: As stated above SMC has already doing/completed DGPS survey

for the Shimla Municipal Area. Based on ground profiling survey a digital elevation model (DEM)

can be prepared for the entire city including peripheral areas which would form the basis for any

network design and modeling.

5. Network mapping: Once DEM is prepared all available network data should be transposed

as overlays using AutoCAD software. A complete set of network maps covering the entire area

of supply should be built up. All data capture would initially be carried out by walking along

streets with the local valve operators and oral enquiry. Trial excavations will be needed at

critical locations to confirm pipe diameters, materials. Locations of all valves and other

appurtenances should be marked. This shall be an ongoing process to increase reliability of data.

As built drawings of the new networks being implemented by SMC might be available and these

shall be integrated into the network map. A simple format in local language for capturing leak

repair data may be instituted and insisted upon and as the data is reported from each leak the

respective asset data shall be corrected and validated.

6. Setting up a GIS: The network maps described in the previous section will be used as the basis of

the GIS. The GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing,

and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows the user to view,

understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships,

patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. A GIS helps the user to

answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a way that is quickly understood and

easily shared.

5.1.2 DMA Establishment

1. Hydraulic modeling: This is required to simulate the operation of the real network in all of its

key elements. It contains the characteristics of the pipes, pumps, reservoirs, valves, customer

consumption and leakage. In Indian water utilities, network future design is often interpreted as

hydraulic modeling. The design is primarily for sizing of pipes for future projected demand

capacities. Hydraulic modeling is actually simulating the network for the current consumption

pattern and current level of leakage which is developed through an iterative simulation process

duly capturing the flow and pressure data of the current network functioning scenario. When



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the network has been properly calibrated, it enables the current operation of the network to be

fully understood, identify anomalies and most importantly optimize the design of any

modifications to the configuration of the network before they are created in the field, thus

assuring pipes are correctly sized and avoiding customer complaints.

2. DMA establishment: The network should be sub-divided into District Metering Areas (DMAs)

supplied by a limited number of key mains, on which flow meters are installed. In this way it is

possible to regularly identify the leakage level in each DMA so that the leakage location activity

is always directed to the worst parts of the network and provide a permanent leakage control

system. The DMA should be set up and managed in accordance with the IWA “District Meter

Areas – Guidance Notes” of February 2007. This document provides a comprehensive manual

for setting-up and for maintaining DMAs. Initially are presentative number of DMAs should be

established as “Demo Zones” in order to confirm the condition of the infrastructure.

5.1.3 Flow and Consumption Measurement

1. Production metering: Currently the production metering is partially available in measurement

of raw water from various sources. An appreciable SCADA system should be in place with

proper AMR metering system.

2. Zone meters: Similarly, flows at major off-takes from Transmission Mains into major zones of

the network need to be metered, including inflow/outflow at all main service reservoirs and

intermediate pumping stations. All meters should be equipped with pressure sensors and data

loggers and be installed according to manufacturers’ instructions in chambers accessible for

maintenance. Now that the improvement works are planned on a zonal distribution model, it

would be easy to install bulk flow meters on all transmission mains as well as on the outlets of

the command reservoirs. Electro-magnetic flow meters (battery operated) and pressure

transducers with sufficient capacity data loggers need to be installed at all strategic locations for

effective monitoring of network.

3. Customer metering: The installation of domestic meters should take place hand in hand with

the development towards a permanent 24x7 service. Special care should be taken for all large

consumers, to ensure correctly sized meters are provided and installed and the meters are

conveniently located. Appropriate standard designs for meter installations should be established

at the outset of this work and should be followed rigorously to avoid later confusion and to

simplify future meter readings.

4. Extend metered connections in unserved areas: All new connections in the newly served are as

should be metered.

The technique of leakage monitoring is considered to be the major contributor to cost-effective

and efficient leakage management. It is a methodology which can be applied to all networks.



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Even in systems with supply deficiencies leakage monitoring zones can be introduced gradually.

One zone at a time is created and leaks detected and repaired, before moving on to create the

next zone. This systematic approach gradually improves the hydraulic characteristics of the

network and improves supply.

Leakage monitoring requires the installation of Automatic flow meters (AMR) at strategic points

throughout the distribution system, each meter recording flows into a discrete district which has

a defined and permanent boundary. Such a district is called a District Meter Area (DMA); The

design of a leakage monitoring system has two aims:

To divide the distribution network into a number of zones or DMAs, each with a defined and

permanent boundary, so that night flows into each district can be regularly monitored,

enabling the presence of unreported bursts and leakage to be identified and located

To manage pressure in each district or group of districts so that the network is operated at the

optimum level of pressure

Depending on the characteristics of the network, a DMA may be:

(i) supplied via single or multiple feeds;

(ii) a discrete area (i.e. no flow into adjacent DMAs)

(iii) an area which cascades into an adjacent DMA

It therefore follows that a leakage monitoring system will comprise a number of districts where

flow is measured by permanently installed flowmeters. In some cases the flowmeter installation

will incorporate a pressure reducing valve.

Below figure shows an example of the configuration of several DMA types within a 'water into

supply' (WIS) zone boundary, and the DMA recording system;

• a transmission main DMA (501D04)

• a discrete DMA off a transmission main branch connection (501D03)

• a cascading DMA (501D02/501D01)



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The DMA meters are sometimes linked to a central control station via telemetry so that flow

data are continuously recorded. Caution is needed if telemetry is to be considered, as the cost

can quickly escalate and exceed the value of the water lost. Analysis of these data, particularly

of flow rates during the night, determines whether consumption in any one DMA has

progressively and consistently increased, indicating a burst or undetected leakage.

5.1.4 Reducing Commercial Losses

Regularize illegal connections: During the leak detection exercise, it is probable that

unauthorized connections and incidents of meter tampering will be located. These

incidents will be reported directly to the NRW Team for their action according to their

Policy of disconnecting or regularizing of both illegal connections and meter tampering.

Improved billing and revenue collection: Currently SMC practices water tax regime, in case

of customers located within 100m service perimeter from the networks even though the

customers have no connection. These customers would be potential source for un-

authorized consumption. Therefore long-term efforts will be needed to reduce the un-

authorized consumption by sustained communications, relaxing the procedures of sanction

of connections and robust customer billing and revenue collection techniques.

5.1.5 Reducing Physical Loses

Continuous water supply: Once major leaks are identified and repaired the resultant water

balance would indicate the level of losses and each DMA is then progressively increased

with supply hours depending upon the production resources available.



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Leak detection and repair within the DMAs: Normal sounding investigations will be

required in the DMA to locate any major leaks on pipes or connections. Leaking service

connections will be entirely replaced, including the pipe saddle. The NRW team will

identify the connections for replacement and perform the replacement connections.

When the replacement work in a DMA is finished, a night flow test will be carried out to

quantify any reduction in non-revenue water directly due to connection replacement.

Pipe and connection replacements: Connection replacement will be the first NRW

reduction strategy to be carried out in DMAs because it is expected that there will be

many leaks on the connections, often at the tapping point. The location and repair of

these leaks will result in a reduction of physical losses but also will eliminate many leak

noises that will then facilitate location of any pipeline bursts in the DMA.

Pressure management: An important factor in lowering and subsequently

maintaining a low level of leakage in a water network is pressure control.

SCADA system: A SCADA System is an invaluable for monitoring the performance of a water

distribution network. With SCADA system, SMC can have right data at central point and

can do data analysis and generation of periodical reports. Also it needs to be integrated

with the zonal meters and pressure monitoring points to be installed under the NRW control

program.

5.1.6 NRW Monitoring

Network monitor ing a n d m a n a g e m e n t : Following the implementation of NRW Control

program in each DMA, a period of monitoring and maintenance of the reduction that has been

achieved will begin. The point at which the next intervention will take place will be determined

individually for each DMA. For each DMA, an intervention level for losses will be set and when

ever this level is reached due to the natural rate of rise of leakage, a leak detection and repair

exercise will be carried out to bring the NRW level back down to the original baseline or exit

level. The long term average NRW level for each DMA will lie between the intervention and exit

levels that are set. This concept of regular intervention into each DMA determined by the setting

of intervention and exit levels will ensure sustainability of the NRW targets over along period of

time. The main objective of this contract would be to reduce non-revenue water in the service

area in an efficient and sustainable way. The main contract element therefore is "Non- Revenue

Water Reduction and Management Services "which will be paid on a performance basis. The

contract will be implemented in four distinct phases.



Draft Final Report


61

Phase Period

Study Phase 12 months from the date of

commencement of contract and up to

approval ofServiceImprovementPlan(SIP) DMA Establishment Phase 12 months from the date of approval of SIP

Rehabilitation Phase 36 months from the date of approval of SIP

NRW Reduction Phase 60 months from the date of approval of

SIP and up to the date of completion of

contract

Activities under this point will traditionally include (but not be limited to):

A. Topographical and customer door-door survey

B. Preparation of network base maps

C. Hydraulic modeling and DMA design

D. Management improvements including systems, tools and plants

E. Procurement of works and equipment for establishing DMAs

F. Procurement of works for customer metering (AMR) including production, transmission,

GLR/SLR/OHT etc

G. Construction supervision and quality control of works

H. Preparation of baseline water balance

I. Leak detection surveys;

J. Pressure management;

K. Leak repair on mains;

L. Replacement of leaking service connections;

M. Repetition of leak detection surveys, repairs and pressure fine-tuning;

N. Continuous flow and pressure data logging (SCADA System for online water balancing)

O. Repetition of leak detection and repair should the minimum night flow exceed the tolerance

limits;

P. Detection of illegal connections.

ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE 1

ANNEXURE 2

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FINGASK DMABOUNDARY

JHAKU DMABOUNDARY

DHALLI DMABOUNDARY

NEW SHIMLA SEC.-3 DMABOUNDARY

VIKAS NAGAR DMABOUNDARY

D

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MAP SHOWING 14-ZONES OF WATER SUPPLY INCLUDING PROJECT DMA's

AutoCAD SHX Text

CONSULTANTS:

AutoCAD SHX Text

IRRIGATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH DEPT.(H.P.)

AutoCAD SHX Text

CLIENT:-

AutoCAD SHX Text

( A GOVT. OF INDIA UNDERTAKING)

AutoCAD SHX Text

WAPCOS Ltd.

AutoCAD SHX Text

76 C Institutional Area, Sector- 18, Gurgoan

AutoCAD SHX Text

- 122015 (Harayana) Ph :(91-124) 2399421

AutoCAD SHX Text

MAP SHOWING WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS

AutoCAD SHX Text

OF ALL ZONES IN SHIMLA

AutoCAD SHX Text

DISTRIBUTION LINES

AutoCAD SHX Text

FEEDER MAINS

AutoCAD SHX Text

ROADS

AutoCAD SHX Text

LEGEND

AutoCAD SHX Text

APPURTENANCES

AutoCAD SHX Text

RESERVOIRS

AutoCAD SHX Text

NORTH

AutoCAD SHX Text

SMALL RESERVOIRS

ANNEXURE 3A

Dhalli WTP

Lambi Dhar

4

5

0

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Post

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Dhalli WTP

N

GR

AV

ITY

MA

IN

Dhalli DMA

25mm Dia Pipe

50mm Dia Pipe

65mm Dia Pipe

LEGEND :-

Water Tank

15mm Dia Pipe

Pump House

80mm Dia Pipe

150mm Dia Pipe

250mm Dia Pipe

450mm Dia Pipe

Sluice Valve

Fire Hydrant Valve

Air Valve

Building, Temple etc.

Dhalli

Old 150mm Line

Old 150mm Line

New 150mm Line

450mm

DMA Boundary

65mmØ

8

0

m

m

Ø

50m

m

Ø

50mmØ

6

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m

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Ø

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Ø

10

Connections

1

5

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30

Connections

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C

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Connectio

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30

Connections

3

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C

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e

c

t

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s

30 C

onnections

Total connections in whole DMA is 228

Stand Post

FLOW MONITORING WAS DONE

ON THIS LOCATION AT 150mm

PIPE

ANNEXURE 3B

20mm Dia Pipe

25mm Dia Pipe

32mm Dia Pipe

LEGEND :-

Water Tank

15mm Dia Pipe

Household Connec.

40mm Dia Pipe

50mm Dia Pipe

65mm Dia Pipe

Sluice Valve


DMA Boundary

Kali Bari Temple

Fingask Tank-2

C: 1 Lakh L.

Fingask Tank-2

C: 60,000 L.

Tara Hall

Tank

Tara Hall School

Grand Hotel

N

Lal Bagh

Sheel hotel

T

o

L

a

k

k

a

r

B

a

z

a

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T

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h

a

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To A.G Office

1

2

5

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1

2

5

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1

2

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Lin

e fro

m 1

6"

Chuara

Maid

an L

ine

6"Ø

Lin

e from

Rid

ge T

ank

Fingask Area DMA

80mm Dia Pipe

100mm Dia Pipe

125mm Dia Pipe

150mm Dia Pipe

3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

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n

s

3

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5

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10 Connections

by 15mm Dia Pipe

1

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

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n

s

b

y

1

5

m

m

D

i

a

P

i

p

e

30 Connections

by 15mm Dia Pipe


Flow monitoring location

ANNEXURE 3C

Jakhu Temple

Jakhu New Tank

Ridge Ugr

Marina Hotel

I

G

M

C

B

o

y

s

H

o

s

t

l

e

Snow Down Pump

House(IGMC)

Bothwell Lodge

B

h

a

jji H

o

u

s

e

Stock Place

R

it

z

C

in

e

m

a

U.S Club

D

r

e

a

m

L

a

n

d

H

o

t

e

l

Indus Hospital

Five Banch

Chowk

NAV BAHAR CHOWK

Housing Board

Tank 15000L

Lehnu Bhawan

M

e

h

m

a

n

H

o

t

e

l

D

a

is

y

B

a

n

k

Holy Lodge

Rohtenhey Castle

R

ic

h

m

o

u

n

t

C

h

o

w

k

T

o

J

u

d

g

e

H

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u

s

e

Yo

dh

a N

iw

as

Siwalik Hotel

Woodland Hotel

Housing Board

Colony

Housing Board

Colony

Oakvilla

NJakhu DMA

R

id

g

e

R

o

a

d

M

a

ll R

o

a

d

M

a

l

l

R

o

a

d

M

a

l

l

R

o

a

d

Ram Chandra

Chowk

U

.

S

C

l

u

b

R

o

a

d

C

a

r

t

R

o

a

d

T

o

S

a

n

ja

u

li

To Nav Bahar

To Jakhu

25mm Dia Pipe

40mm Dia Pipe

50mm Dia Pipe

LEGEND :-

Water Tank

15mm Dia Pipe

65mm Dia Pipe

80mm Dia Pipe

100mm Dia Pipe

Sluice Valve


DMA Boundary

Titla Hotel Chowk

125mm Dia Pipe

150mm Dia Pipe

225mm Dia Pipe

450mm Dia Pipe

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

8

C

o

n

n

e

ctio

n

s

1

2

C

o

n

n

e

ctio

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

ctio

n

s

1

5

0

C

o

n

n

e

ctio

n

s

26

Connections

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

0

,2

0

,3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

3

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

15

Connections

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

4

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

7

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

4

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

7

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

5

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

5

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

5

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s


20 Connections

by 15mm Dia Pipe

3

0

,4

0

,5

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

5

0

,8

0

,1

0

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

3

C

onnections

u

p

to

1

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

2

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

1

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

Crendley Cottage

3

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

5

,

1

5

,

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

2

0

,

3

0

,

3

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

3

5

,

7

0

,

1

0

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

u

p

t

o

1

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

4

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

Jakhu Old Tank

8

0

m

m

1

5

0

m

m

5

0

m

m

8

0

m

m

8

0

m

m

8

0

m

m

8

0

m

m

80m

m

2

5

m

m

F

r

o

m

S

a

n

ja

u

li

t

o

R

id

g

e

P

ip

e

L

in

e

8

0

m

m

5

0

m

m

80m

m

125m

m

8

0

m

m

8

0

m

m

80m

m

3

2

m

m

3

2

m

m

2

5

m

m

1

2

3

4

5

Stand Post

Flow monitoring location

Done at Pump House

ANNEXURE 3D

K

r

a

n

t

i

C

h

o

w

k

Sector -3 Old

Tank C:80000 L

Sector -3 New Tank

C:6 Lakh L

25mm Dia Pipe

32mm Dia Pipe

50mm Dia Pipe

LEGEND :-

Water Tank

Roads

65mm Dia Pipe

80mm Dia Pipe

100mm Dia Pipe

Sluice Valve


DMA Boundary

NSector-3 New Shimla DMA

1

0

0

m

m

Ø

P

ip

efro

m

S

e

c

-2

T

a

n

k

J

C

B

S

c

h

o

o

l

M

a

n

s

a

K

u

n

j

B

-

2

3

6

B

L

-

2

7

AB

L

-

2

7

B

L

-

2

4

BL-1

9 &

20

B

L

-

2

2

Flow monitoring was

done on this 100mm

Pipe.

ANNEXURE 3E

Sudh Building

V

e

r

m

a

A

p

p

a

r

tm

e

n

t

Kali Mata

Mandir

Vikas Nagar

Lower Vikas Nagar

A

m

b

a

l

a

S

h

i

m

l

a

R

o

a

d

100m

mØ

F

rom

Chhota S

him

la

T

o

P

a

n

t

h

a

G

h

a

t

i

T

o

B

C

S

2

0

0

m

m

Ø

f

r

o

m

K

a

s

u

m

p

t

i

P

u

m

p

H

o

u

s

e

250mm Ø from

Kasumpti Pump

House

S

a

r

a

s

w

a

t

i

V

i

d

h

y

a

m

a

n

d

i

r

S

c

h

o

o

l

Bharat Sadan

Reserve Bank

of India

S

a

ra

s

w

a

ti P

rim

a

ry

S

c

h

o

o

l

25mm Dia Pipe

50mm Dia Pipe

65mm Dia Pipe

LEGEND :-

Water Tank

Roads

80mm Dia Pipe

150mm Dia Pipe

200mm Dia Pipe

250mm Dia Pipe

Sluice Valve


DMA Boundary

Vikas Nagar Tank

C: 40000 L

NVikas Nagar DMA

9

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

2

4

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

2

4

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3 C

onnections

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

4

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

4

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

1

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

C-23

C-22

C-21

C-20

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

4 C

onnectio

ns

8

C

o

n

n

e

ctio

n

s

8 C

onnections

9

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

4

2

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

16 C

onnections

2

4

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8 Connections

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

2

4

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

6

C

o

n

n

e

ctio

n

s

8 Connections

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

7

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

20 C

onnections

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

15 Connections

5

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

3

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

4

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

1

0

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

2

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

8

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

15 Connections

3 Connections

1

0

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

1

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

s

15 C

onnectio

ns

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

6

C

o

n

n

e

c

tio

n

s

5

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

2

0

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

io

n

s

10 Connections

Dev Nagar

40mm Dia Pipe

20mm Dia Pipe

15mm Dia Pipe

Household conn.

Flow monitoring was done on

Panthaghati Pump-House

Documents

Draft Final Report - SJPNL · Draft Final Report Municipal Corporation Shimla Himachal Pradesh Assessment of Non Revenue water and Developing Strategy and Implementation Action Plan