DRAFTCES 29 Compulsory

Ethiopian Standard

Second Edition 2021

Grading of raw cattle hides and calfskins by appearance and mass

ICS: 59.140.20 Published by Ethiopian Standards Agency

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Foreword

This E thiopian S tandard has bee n pr epared under t he direction of t he Technical C ommittee f or R aw

Hides and Skins, and Tanned Leather (TC 73) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA).

This Compulsory Ethiopian Standard cancels and replaces CES 29:2013.

Application of this standard is COMPULSORY with respect to clauses 4, 5 and 8.

A C ompulsory Ethiopian Standard s hall ha ve t he s ame meaning, interpretation an d a pplication of a

"Technical Regulation" as implied in the WTO-TBT Agreement.

Implementation of this standard shall be effective as of 01 October 2013.

DRAFT ETHIOPIAN STANDARD CES 29

Grading of raw cattle hides and calfskins by appearance and mass

1. Scope

This Ethiopian standard specifies the requirements for grading of raw cattle hides and calfskins by

appearance and mass in their fresh or preserved state intended for tanning.

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Ethiopian standard. Only

the latest edition of the documents (including any amendments) shall be applicable.

ES ISO 2822-1, Raw hides and calfskins : Part 1-Descriptions of defects

ES ISO 4683-1, Raw sheepskins : Part 1 - Descriptions of defects

ES ISO 7482-1, Raw goatskins :Part 1- Descriptions of defects

ES 1198,Code of practice for preservation and storage of raw hides and skins

ES 1196- Raw Hides and Skins-Method of Trim 3. Definitions For the purpose of this standard the definitions in ES ISO 2822-1, ES ISO 4683-1, and ES ISO 7482-1 ES

1197and the following shall apply:

3.1. ball drying Drying of hides and calf skins in an upstretched form and uneven surface forced by external matters/things

3.2. fallen hide or skin Hide or skin obtained from improperly bleeded carcass with its flesh side appearing purple red in color.

3.3. Defect Imperfections caused due to livestock breeding, incorrect flaying and malpractices on preservation, storage and transportation that deteriorate the quality of the hides and calf skins

3.4. defect units Values from 0.5 up to 2 units, representing magnitude of the defect 3.5. smoked spot Partially tanned hide or skin due to smoke drying resulting in hides or skins which do not rehydrathe soaking process and become fragile and brittle after processing.

4. Classifications

4.1. Raw cattle hide which are classified as follows

4.1.1. Cattle hides which is sub classified as table 4

a) Light

b) Medium

c) Heavy

d) Extra heavy

4.2. Each of the above classification shall further be identified as follows;

te during

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4.2.1. Butchery (Abattoir): Raw cattle hides and calfskins, which are properly flayed, washed, drained,

preserved and delivered according to the ES 1198.

4.2.2. Caravan: Raw cattle hides and calf skins which do not meet the requirements of clause 4.2.1.

5. Grading 5.1. Principle

Raw cattle hide and calfskins shall not carry excess material or excess portions of hides or calfskins other

than those specified in ES 1196.

5.2. Grading by Appearance (based on defects) 5.2.1. Raw cattle hides and calfskins shall be graded by their appearance (defects) as follows:

5.2.1.1. The defects that a hide or calfskin possesses shall be detected first and assessed according

to i ts l ocation i mportance as s hown on table 3 Considering us able area of s election f or

export and import of raw hides and calfskins.

5.2.1.2. Such an as sessment s hall be m ade on t he bas is of t he num ber of def ect-units s hown in

table 1 for large cattle hides, in table 2 for calfskins and classification and grading of both in

relation to defects and useable area in table 3.

Table 1. Assessment of defect locations on large cattle hides

Defects

Defect – units allocated on

Bellies

Shoulder Butt

Cuts and holes during flaying 1 1 2

Putrefaction 0.5 0.5 2

Brand mark 0.5 0.5 2

scar, wound and scratchper average length of 15 cm 0.5 0.5 1

Diseases by E cto-parasite (lumpy s kin d iseases, D emodex, Ticks and etc) 0.5 0.5 1

Hole, Weak spot, gouge, or gash or channels caused by

beetles,each 0.5 0.5 1

Poor pattern and Badly shaped head 1 1

Gouges and corduroying, per side 0.5 0.5 0.5

Smoke dried 0.5 0.5 1

Heating or grain damage, per average area of 10X30cm 0.5 0.5 1

Dung or traces of urine, per average of 15X30cm 1 1

Salt spots, red or purple spots, per average area of 0.5 0.5 0.5

30X30cm

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Table 2. Assessment of defect locations on calfskins

Defects Defect – units

Cuts and holes during flaying 2

Putrefaction 2

Hole, Weak spot, gouge, or gash or channels caused by beetles, each 1

Poor pattern 1

Gouges and corduroying, per side 1

Heating or grain damage, per average area of 10X30cm 1.5

Dung or traces of urine, per average of 15X30cm 0.5

Salt spots, red or purple spots, per average area of30X30cm 0.5

Veinniness 2

Table 3 Classification and grading of salted and dry raw cattle hides and calfskins

In relation to defects and "Useable areas"

Grade Useable area Defect Description

category by % o f total

1 90-100 No visible defects in the butt area, when assessed, which arelikely

to depreciate the hides and calf skins appear beyond5 cm from the edge.

Not more than three defect units inshoulder or belly area, whenassessed.

2 75-89 Two defect units in the butt areaand not more than four defectunits

in s houlder or belly ar ea, w hen as sessed, w hich arelikely t o depreciate

the hides and calf skins appear beyond 5cm from the edge.

3 50-74 Four defect units in the butt area and not more than six defectunits in

shoulder or belly ar ea, w hen assessed, w hich ar e likely t o depreciate the

hides and calf skins appear beyond 5cm from the edge. Reject <50 Defects when assessed, covering less than 50% useablearea.

Note: 1. Ball dried, dried and rehydrated, strongly smoked, horny hides and calf skins areconsidered as rejects.

2. Rejected hides and calfskins are not useful for the intended final products but can be utilized for other

purposes.

5.3. Types of raw hides and calfskins by mass in kg

5.3.1. The mass of raw cattle hides or calfskins shall be determined by weighing each

5.3.1.1. Hides and calf skins before salting fresh hides and calfskins shall be drained for a minimum

of 2 hours.

5.3.1.2. Air-dried hides and calfskin shall be sufficiently dehydrated as specified in clause of ES1198

5.3.1.3. Salted hide and calfskin after Each hide or calfskin of the batch shall be opened out, shaken

violently by knocking it, flesh side down, against the ground or any smooth clean and solid

surface to remove excess salt and if any remaining salt is observed, it shall be removed by

brushing. 3

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5.3.2. The mass of each hide or calfskin determined according to clause 5.3.1 shall be expressed to

the nearest 0.5kg for hides and to the nearest 0.1kg for calfskin.

5.3.3. Each hide or calfskin shall be graded into its mass category as indicated in Table 4.

Table 4 Grading of raw cattle hides and calfskins in relation to mass

Classification Types of raw hides and calf skins by mass in kg

Fresh Wet salted

Dry salted Dry

Calf skin Light

3 and below

2.4 and below

1.5 and below 1 and below

Medium 3.1 to 5.0

2.5 t o 4.0

1.6 t o 2.5 1.1 to 1.7

Heavy 5.1 to 7.0

4.1 t o 5.6

2.6 t o 3.5 1.8 to 2.3

Cattle hides Light

6.5 – 10.8 5.2 – 8.3

2.8

– 5.4

1.9 -3.6

Medium 10.9 – 16.5

8.4 – 12.6

5.5

– 8.3

3.7 -5.5

Heavy 16.6 - 21.9

12.7 – 16.8

8.4 - 11

5.6 – 7.3

Extra heavy

Above 22

Above 16.9

Above 11.1 Above 7.3

6. Inspection Raw hides and calfskins shall be carried out based on 100% inspection. 7. Packing

Raw hides and calfskins shall be packed in the form of bundles or bales.

8. Labeling Each bundle or bale of hide, calfskin shall be labeled clearly with the following information

a) State of hide and calfskin whether it is fresh, wet salted, air-dried, dry salted etc.

b) Type and grade of the hide or calf skin;

c) Weight class of hide and calf skins;

d) Origin of the raw material(hide and calfskin)

e) Date of packaging

f) Any other labeling information required by the purchaser.

9. Compliance with the standard A bundle or a bale of hides and calf skins shall be deemed to comply with this Ethiopian standard if upon

inspection the provision in clause 5, 7 and 8 are satisfied.

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The Head Office of ESA is at Addis Ababa.

011- 646 06 85, 011- 646 05 65 011-646 08 80 2310 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail: info@ethiostandards.org, Website: www.ethiostandards.org

Organization and Objectives

The Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA) is the national standards body of Ethiopia established in 2010 based on regulation No. 193/2010.ESA is established due to the restructuring of Quality and Standards Authority o f Ethiopia ( QSAE) which was established in 1998.

ESA’s objectives are:-

Develop Ethiopian standards and establish a system that enable to check whether goods and services are in compliance with the required standards,

Facilitate the country’s technology transfer through the use of standards,

Develop national standards for local products and services so as to make them competitive in the international market.

Ethiopian Standards

The Ethiopian Standards are developed by national technical committees which are composed of different stakeholders consisting of educational institutions, research institutes, government organizations, certification, inspection, and testing organizations, regulatory bodies, consumer association etc. The requirements and/ or recommendations contained in Ethiopian Standards are consensus based that reflects the interest of the TC representatives and also of comments received from the public and other sources. Ethiopian Standards are approved by the National Standardization Council and are kept under continuous review after publication and updated regularly to take account of latest scientific and technological changes. Orders for all Ethiopian Standards, International Standard and ASTM standards, including electronic versions, should be addressed to the Documentation and Publication Team at the Head office and Branch (Liaisons) offices. A catalogue of Ethiopian Standards is also available freely and can be accessed in from our website.

ESA has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of ESA. International Involvement ESA, representing Ethiopia, is a member of the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO), and Codex Alimentarius Commission ( CODEX). It also maintains close working relations with the international Electro-technical Commission (IEC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).It is a founding member of the African Regional Organization for standardization (ARSO).

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