Draft Aquarium Fish Breeding Rules 2010 - Naresh Kadyan

8/9/2019 Draft Aquarium Fish Breeding Rules 2010 - Naresh Kadyan

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AQUARIUM FISH BREEDING AND MARKETING RULES

Introduction

Breeding and selling of aquarium fish has become big business. In this

process coral reefs have been damaged and many fish brought to nearextinction. There is a tendency to regard fish as non-beings therefore they aresold as commodities, kept in unsuitable ways and in unsuitable places. Pain andsuffering is inflicted on these animals, with no thought for their wellbeing.

Recent studies have shown that fish display similar signs to humans whenthey are under stress of faced with dangerous situations: increased heart rates,increased breathing rates, adrenaline rushes, writhing and gasping. More than500 research papers have been written that focus on fish intelligence, provingthat fish are intelligent, can use tools, and have impressive long-term memoriesand sophisticated social structures. According to University of Edinburgh

Scientist, Dr. Culum Brown, the fish`s cognitive abilities surpass those of non-human primates like monkeys.

Fish must be kept in the type of water they occupy in nature. Because fishare poikilothermic (cold-blooded) animals, they are sensitive to rapid changes inthe temperature of their environment. If the fish tank gets too cold, the fishbecome stressed and are susceptible to parasite infestations. If the aquariumgets too warm, the dissolved oxygen level of the water drops rapidly and the fishcan literally suffocate. Therefore, it is essential to avoid drastic fluctuations intemperature in the room where the fish tank / aquarium is kept.

Most fish also require at least six hours of the correct spectrum of light aday to manufacture certain vitamins and to process components of their diethence location and lighting of the fish tank is also critical. Social behavior andsocial influences on the behavior of fish tank animals are quite complex, andhence, the persons keeping or selling the fish must have knowledge and a goodunderstanding of the species-specific requirements of the animals.

The Rules for the Housing and Breeding of aquarium fish apply to shopkeepers and aquarium keepers as well as anyone who keeps fish for publicdisplay. They do not apply to fish caught and sold for food.

RULES FOR THE KEEPING, DISPLAY AND SALE OF AQUARIUM FISH:

I.DEFINITIONS:

Establishment means any seller of fish tank animals or anyone keeping publicdisplay of fish tank animals.


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Fish tank animal means any fish, or animal other than fish, kept in tanks oraquariums.

Public display means any place where people can view the fish that are kept infish tanks or aquariums, irrespective of whether entry to such places is restricted

or open, on payment or free.

Facility means any premises wherein fish tank animals are housed for displayor sale, including pet shops

Tank means the container in which fish tank animals are kept or the aquariumfor display of the fish.

Total fish length is defined as the sum of the lengths of all the fish in the tank,calculated at the length of a full-grown adult, excluding the caudal tail.

II.ESTABLISHMENT

1. No establishment may sell or publicly display fish without a license fromthe Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) or any authority prescribed bythe AWBI. No license shall be issued by the AWBI or the competentauthority unless the establishment complies with all the conditions listed inthese rules for keeping of aquarium fish or fish tank animals.

2. Every license shall be issued for one year at a time and is nottransferable.

3. Any establishment who does not properly care for the fish tank animals ormaintain the facility in accordance with these rules is liable to have hislicense revoked and the establishment blacklisted from keeping fish tankanimals in future. Upon revocation of license, the fish tank animals areliable to be confiscated and may be given to another licensedestablishment for proper care of the fish.

III. FISH TANK ANIMALS

(i) Species:

4. Fish tank animals may only be kept in tanks of sufficient size, shape,and dimensions to meet the health and welfare needs of the fish tankanimals.

5. No establishment may keep or sell any species of fish animals listedunder CITES. No establishment may keep or sell any species listed inAppendix A.


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6. No establishment may keep or sell any species of fish tank animalsthat are not listed in Appendix B. Specific permission of the AWBI isrequired for any establishment to keep fish tank animals not listed inAppendix B.

7. No establishment may keep or sell any species that cannot easily beacclimatized to aquarium life, or that may be endangered species due toover-collection. This includes but is not limited to the following species offish:

Garibaldi damselfish (hypsypops rubicundus) Rock beauty (holacanthus tricolour) Atlantic long-nosed butterflyfish(chaetodon aculeatus) Four-eye butterflyfish(chaetodon capistratus) Hawaiian teardrop butterflyfish (chaetodon quadrimaculatus) Reef butterflyfish (chaetodon striatus)

Banded butterflyfish (chaetodon striatus) Barracuda (sphryaena barracuda) Giant Atlantic seahorse (hippocampus erectus)

8. No establishment may keep or sell artificially coloured fish.

9. No establishment may keep or sell corals.

10. No establishment may keep or sell cyanide-or drug-caught fish.

11. No establishment may keep fish tank animals in excess of the

maximum number permitted for each species per tank.

12. No establishment may keep or sell any species for which it cannotprovide adequate conditions to ensure the health and welfare of thatspecies. Fish covered with fungus, with sunken bellies, sunken eyes,clamped or unhealthy fins, laboured breathing (often with gill covers quiteextended), and fish with external blemishes resulting from parasites ordisease, are indications that the fish are unhealthy and/or not properlycared for.

(ii) Care of Fish Tank Animals:

13. Fish must be introduced into a new tank gradually. Fish should beplaced in a bag with sufficient water to cover them, and be allowed to floatin the new tank for 15 minutes to adjust to the new temperature; smallamounts of water are then be added from the tank to the bag until it is full,thereafter two thirds of the water in the bag should be removed and theprocess repeated, so as to gradually adjust fish to any changes in pH,hardness, salinity, and other parameters as mentioned in Appendix B.


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14. When a species of fish is placed in a tank, the maximum number ofthat species of fish allowed in the tank should be determined as based onthe requirements mentioned in Appendix Band posted in a visible locationon the outside of the tank. If air conditioning is not available, thepopulation of fish must be less than the maximum prescribed and air

bubbles must be used to improve gas exchange at the waters surface.

15. Two species of fish may not be placed in the same tank unless theyare compatible. Determination of compatibility must accord with theapproved sources and with compatibility listings of Y according to thechart in Appendix C.

16. Any fish tank animal that is being chased and attacked by other fishtank animals, or shows signs of having been attacked such as injured fins,eyes, or scales, must be separated from any potentially aggressive fish.

17. Temperature checks and head counts must be done at least daily,with any dead fish tank animals removed immediately and any injured orsick fish tank animals moved to quarantine tanks.

18. Fish tank animals must be fed a diet that fulfills the nutritionalrequirements of the species, at a quantity and frequency appropriate formaintaining health. Fish should be fed a varied diet, and not fed the samefeed with every feeding.

19. An establishment may not permit members of the public to touch, pet,or hold a fish tank animal. Employees of an establishment may only touch,

pet, or hold a fish tank animal when required for the welfare of that animal,as when administering medical treatment.

20. An establishment must have medicines on hand for treating commonfish tank animal ailments. Sick fish tank animals must receive treatment.

21. Netting of fish tank animals should always be done using two nets.

22. Fish tank animals may only be euthanised by immersion in any one ofthe following solutions, wherein they must be left for at least 10 minutesfollowing cessation of opercula movement, followed by decapitation or

destruction of the brain so as to ensure consciousness is not regained:

a) MS-222 (tricaine methane sulfonate, also called finquel) at aconcentration of at least 350 ppm(350mg/L should be buffered withsodium bicarbonate to saturation resulting in a solution pH of 7.0to7.5.


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b) Benzocaine hydrochloride (not benzocaine) at a concentration ofat least 250mg/L.

c) 2-Phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.3 to 0.4mg/L.

23. Live fish must never be flushed down a drain, left to suffocate orstarve, or be placed in a freezer.

IV. ADMINISTRATION

24. Every establishment must keep records of:

the species of fish tank animals kept in the premises, includingwhether the fish tank animal is marine water, freshwater, orbrackish water.

the number and species of fish tank animals sold and details of the

party to whom the animals are sold. the total area of the facility / pet shop, the number and size of tanks

in the premises, and the number and species of fish tank animalskept in each tank.

the source from where the fish tank animals were procured. the fish tank animals who become sick and the treatment provided. the fish tank animals that die or are euthanised, including the date

of death and the cause of death, if known. any other animals, besides fish tank animals, kept or sold at the

facility.

25. No establishment may permit the fish tank animals to be left unattendedto for more than half a day at a time.

26. Every establishment must have on hand, an adequate number of people,and never less than one person, adequately trained in fish keeping, andfamiliar with the needs of all fish tank animal species kept in theestablishment, including knowledge of diseases and nutrition. The expertknowledge requirements for staff are listed in Appendix F.

27. An establishment may not knowingly sell fish tank animals who will behoused in an inadequate environment, for example, selling incompatible

fish to be housed together, or selling fish along with a fish tank ofinadequate size. All salespersons must be having sufficientlyknowledgeable about the care of the fish tank animals sold and moreparticularly the requirements for proper keeping of fish as stated inAppendix A, B, C and D.


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28. An establishment must provide purchasers with written information onthe proper care of any species of fish tank animal purchased, including butnot limited to appropriate tank size, food, temperature, salinity, pH,hardness, and compatibility with other individuals of the same species orwith other plants or animals of different species.

V. FISH TANKS

29. The length of a tank must be no less than five times the length of thelongest fish in the tank, calculated at the length of a full-grown adult.

30. Tank water volume must be no less than the minimum listed for eachspecies as stated in Appendix B and never less than 13 gallons or 60litres.

31. No establishment may sell spherical-type bowls for keeping fish tank

animals.

32. No establishment may sell tanks with a capacity of less than 13gallons or 60 litres of water for keeping fish tank animals.

33. Every establishment must ensure that the quality of the water in thetank is maintained at all times and is within the permitted range of salinity,pH, hardness and temperature prescribed so as to meet the health andwelfare needs of the fish tank animals. Appendix B gives the list ofrequirements for each species of fish with respect to their tank sizes, dietand compatibility. However, for all fish, tanks should always meet the

following minimum requirements:

For freshwater fish, tanks must have at least one gallon or 4.55litres of water for every inch or 2.54 cms of total fish length. Thisvolume refers to the amount of water in the tank and does notinclude the volume of rocks, ornaments, or air that may also takeup volume in the tank.

For marine fish, tanks must have at least four gallons or 18 litresof water for every inch or 2.54 cms of total fish length during thefirst four months, and at least two gallons 9 litres of water for every

inch or 2.54 cms of total fish length thereafter. This volume refers tothe amount of water in the tank and does not include the volume ofrocks, ornaments, or air that may also take up volume in the tank.

34. Tanks must have a water surface area of at least:

12 square inches for every inch or 78 sq.cm for every cm of totalfish length, in the case of tropical freshwater fish,


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30 square inch for every inch or 194 sq.cm for every cm of totalfish length, in the case of coldwater freshwater fish,

48 square inches for every inch or 310 sq.cm for every cm of totalfish length, in the case of tropical marine fish.

35. Water oxygenation must remain above 80% oxygenation must beregularly measured and adjusted when levels fall below 80% bydecreasing stocking density, partly replacing water volume, increasingaeration, or correcting improperly functioning heater, filter, or airstone.Fish gasping at the surface and breathing fast are classic signs ofinsufficient oxygenation.

36. About 10% of the water in the tank should be replacedweekly. Regular/ partial replacement of water volume and the use ofdevices to create water movement should be used to improve water

quality. Water flow also should be appropriate to enable fishes to swimcorrectly and to maintain normal behaviour.

37. Salinity and pH levels must be tested at least weekly and after waterchanges. Nitrate levels should be tested at least weekly, and ammoniaand nitrite levels should be tested daily for three days after new fish areadded to a tank, and weekly thereafter.

38. Tanks must be cleaned and vacuumed regularly, at least once amonth and whenever tanks become unclean.

39. Newly manufactured tanks require a conditioning/ depuration period toflush out solvents before they are filled with water for the fish.

40. Filters should be checked weekly and cleaned or replaced asnecessary. Frothy, cloudy, yellowing, and smelly water are all signs ofdeteriorating conditions that should be addressed. The types of filters thatcan be used are listed in Appendix E.

41. Tanks must have smooth, inert, sealed interior surfaces. Wood mustnot be used as a tank material in contact with system water as it is aporous material that may contain toxic elements (in particular, pressure

treatment of glue in plywood), is subject to rot, and requires the use ofsealants, which can be toxic. Vinyl tanks are only suitable for temporaryholding as the plasticizers can be toxic and vinyl often containscontaminants.

42. Tanks must be equipped with a covering, such as tank nets or rigidcovering, which prevents fish tank animals from jumping out of the tank.The height between the water surface and lid must be such that it


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minimizes the risk of damage to the fish tank animals should they jump.Lids must allow visual access to the fish tank animals, either by beingtransparent or by being removable or partially removable.

43. All warm water aquariums must have an aquarium heater and a

thermometer. All salt water aquariums must have an ultraviolet sterilizer toreduce the population of free-floating pathogens in the aquarium.

44. Electrical components and equipment must be located outside thesplash zone, unless safely designed to be submersible, and must behoused in moisture-proof enclosures. Electrical fixtures must be securedwith gaskets to prevent incursion of water, and should be located abovepipe runs.

45. Tank supports must be properly designed, strong, sturdy and durable,with transfer of weight to the floor structure taken into account, so as to

prevent any danger of catastrophic collapse.

46. A tank may only include the species of plants which are listed inAppendix D.

47. No tank may contain any metals or materials which can corrode or anyrocks which can change the water chemistry, such as limestone, marble,dolomite, or calcareous sandstones which make water hard and alkaline.

48. Fish tanks or aquariums may not be placed in the following locations:

in direct sunlight or near radiators in a place where there is always light, or where it is always dark. in a place where rainwater can enter the tank. in a place of extreme cold or extreme heat. in a place where there can be fluctuation of temperatures. For

example near air conditioning units, ventilation units, open fires,kitchens, cooking areas, windows and doors as all these can causedrastic changes of temperature in the tanks.

in a place where there will be constant vibrations from traffic ormovement of large numbers of people.

VI. FACILITIES

49. Aquatic environments should be designed to meet the establishedphysical and behavioral requirements of the fish tank animals in terms ofshelter, social grouping, overhead cover and lighting.

50. Machinery that produces noise and vibration should be isolated fromareas housing fish tank animals.


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51. Lighting should be appropriate to the species. Lights should be turnedon and off gradually with a dimmer and should be turned off at night.Incandescent lights give off heat and should therefore be on a schedule of12 hours on and 12 hours off.

52. A facility must have an emergency contingency capacity, capable ofmaintaining aerated and filtered water and assuring the continuation of lifesupport. Appendix H lists the basic emergency requirements that a facilityshould have.

53. A facility must have adequate water supply of suitable quality as wellas adequate filtration within the system to remove suspended solids andwastes and to ensure that water quality parameters are maintained withinacceptable levels for species-specific requirements. Measures such as acarbon filtering system of a reverse osmosis system, activated charcoal(for large volume systems) and sodium thiosulfate (for smaller systems)

are treatments to be used to protect fish from contaminants in the watersupply.

54. If fresh or sea water is drawn from an open body of water or amunicipal source, it must be tested for, and treated to remove,contaminants and pathogens. A comprehensive analysis of the waterquality parameters (ions, pH, metals, etc) must be provided to the AWBIfor approval before the license is issued to the establishment. Furthertesting should be conducted on annual basis.

55. If well water is to be used in a facility, a pressure drop test should be

conducted to ensure that the supply is adequate and reliable and thewater is not depleted of oxygen or having high levels of metal ions, carbondioxide, nitrogen, ammonia and other gases, or excessively high or lowalkalinity.

56. Water supply and drain lines to and from the tanks should be secure,protected from disruption and should consist of hard, permanently fixedpipes to prevent air locks, fouling, etc. All lines should be prominentlylabeled and should be designed to facilitate cleaning by simple, lowtechnology methods. Pressure gauges and flow meters should be installedat points throughout the system to monitor the condition of the lines andthe performance of the pumps and filters. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipesand other materials must meet human drinking water standards and mustbe adequately flushed to eliminate acetone, methylethylketones, andtetrahydrofurans that are released following gluing.

57. The main drains should be over-sized to handle large flow of water.Gutters should have covers that are flush with the floor and that permitwater to drain quickly. Drains and gutters should be designed to self-clean


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under normal flow, and to permit the use of a cleaning pig to remove anybuildup of waste in the lines. Where feasible, drains on all tanks shouldhave traps and easily accessible clean-out ports.

58. If the effluent from the facility is untreated, it should be discharged in a

location that is remote from the system intake, so as to minimize thechances of effluent re-circulation in the system. The discharge locationshould not have any negative impact on wild aquatic organisms in thewater body.

59. If the effluent is discharged into the municipal sewer it is essential thatpotentially noxious materials in the effluents, for example disinfectants, arediluted to non-toxic concentrations before the effluent is discharged intothe sewer.

60. All compressors providing gases to the system should have devices to

remove moisture, and oil traps to prevent any oil leaks from entering thefish tanks. Food-grade lubricants should be used as far as possible.Intakes to compressors should be located such that only clean air is used,free of engine exhaust, tobacco smoke or other airborne contaminants.

61. A facility should have dedicated separate quarantine areas for theisolation of new fish and foot and hand cleaning stations with basicsanitary measures so as to prevent the introduction and spread of aquaticanimal pathogens.

62. All materials used in the construction of facilities including paints,

fiberglass surfaces, insulating materials, aerosols, air ducts and woodpreservatives, should be non-toxic and resistant to corrosion and waterdamage. Pipes, fittings, and valves should not contain copper, nickel,brass, zinc or galvanizing treatments which can result in toxicconcentrations of heavy metals. If any potentially toxic material is requiredto be used in construction, including materials which may release ions,chemicals, or corrosion by-products from their surfaces, approval for thesame should be obtained from the AWBI or approved agency prior toconstruction of the facility.

63. All metal and concrete used in construction should be sealed or be

inert. If silicone sealant is used, it must be labeled as being suitable foruse in aquaria and it should be allowed to cure to release any volatiletoxins.

64. Every facility is subject to both announced and unannouncedinspections by the AWBI, no less than twice a year. A list of requirements thatthe inspectors may check is listed in Appendix G.


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Appendix A.

It is prohibited to keep or sell the following species:

Common Name Scientific Name

Butterfly Fish:

Copperband Butterfly Chelmon rostratusMarginalis Butterfly chelmon marginalisLarvatus Butterfly chaetodon larvatusSaddle Butterfly chaetodon ehippiumMyers Butterfly chaetodon myeriPearlscale Butterfly chaetodon xanthurusMertensil Butterfly chaetodon mertensiiFalcula Butterfly chaetodon falculaBlack Back Butterfly chaetodon melannotusBlue Spot Butterfly chaetodon plebius

Blue Stripe Butterfly chaetodon frembliiBurgessi Butterfly chaetodon burgessiDot-Dash Butterfly chaetodon punctatofasciatusDouble Saddly chaetodon ulietensisFalicifer Butterfly chaetodon faliciferFoureye Butterfly chaetodon capistratusFourspot Butterfly chaetodon quadrimaculatusCoradion Butterfly coradion altivlisGoldenstripe Butterfly chaetodon aureofasciatusGunthers Butterfly chaetodon guentheriLatticed Butterfly chaettodon rafflesiLined Butterfly chaetodon lineolatus

Melon Butterfly chaetodon trifasciatusMitratus Butterfly chaetodon mitratnsMulleri Butterfly chelmon mulleriOcellated Butterfly parachaetodon ocellatusOrnate Butterfly chaetodon ornatissimusPainter Reef Butterfly chaetodon sedentariusPakistan Butterfly chaetodon collarePaucifasciatus chaetodon paucifasciatusRaccoon Butterfly chaetodon lunulaRainfordi Butterfly chaetodon rainfordiReticulated Butterfly chaetodon reticulatesSemion Butterfly chaetodon semeion

Speculum Butterfly chaetodon speculumSpot-fin Butterfly chaetodon ocellatusSpot-Tail Butterfly chaetodon ocellicaudusSpotted Butterfly chaetodon guttatissimusTeardrop Butterfly chaetodon unimaculatusTriangle Butterfly chaetodon baronessaTruncates Butterfly chelmonops truncatesYellowhead Butterfly chaetodon xanthocephalusYollownose Butterfly chaetodon flavirostrus


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Moorish idol zanclus canescensBranded butterflyfish chaetodon striatusAtlantic long-nosedbutterflyfish chaetodon aculeatus

Angel Fish:

Heraldi Angel centropyge heraldiFlame Angel centropyge loriculusLemonpeel Angel centropyge flavissimusBicolor Angel centropyge bicolorMulti-color Angelfish centropyge multicolorGolden Aangelfish centropyge aurantiaShepardi Angel centropyge shepardiPasser Angel holocanthus passerRock Beauty Angel holocanthus tricolorClarion Angel holocanthus clarionensisConspiculatus Angel chaetofontoplus

Conspiculatus apolemichthysGoldflak Angelfish Xanthopunctatu sFlagfin Angel apolemichthys trimaculatusRegal Angelfish Pyogplites diacanthusEmperor Angelfish Pomacanthus imperator

Filefish and Triggers:Orange-spot Filefish Oxynonacanthus longirostrisUndulate Triggerfish Balistapus undulatesQueen Triggerfish Balistes vetula

Clownfish, Damsels, Chromis, Pseudochromis:

Red Saddle Clownfish Amphiprion ephippiumLatezonatus Clownfish Amphiprion latezonatusWhite Cap Clownfish Amphiprion leucokranosMaroon Clownfish Premnas biaculeatusJewel Damsel Microspathodon chrysurusNeon Velvet Damsel Paraglyphidodon oxyodanGaribaldi damselfish Hypsypops rubicundus

Batfish:Pinnatus Batfish Platax pinnatusTiera Batfish Platax tiera

Eels:Ribbon Eels Rhinomuraena quaesitaGhost Ribbon Eel Uropterygius concolorBanded Snake Eel Myrichthys colubrinusLeopard Snake Eel Myrichthys maculosusAll Other so-called snake EelsGarden Eel Taenioconger hassi


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Wrasses:

Christmas wrasses Halochoeres speciesAnampses wrasses Anampses speciesLeopard wrasse MacropharyngodonMeleagris

All other Macropharyngodon wrassesOrange-line wrassen Stethojulis balteataMost Pencil wrasses Hologymnosus speciesLaboute Fairy wrasse Cirrhilabrus laboutiAll cleaner (labroids and other spesies)wrassesFalse Cleaner wrasse Aspidontus taeniatusLunare wrasse Thalassoma lunare

Blennies, Dragonettes and Gobies:

Mandarin Dragonette Pterosynchiropus splendidusTarget Dragonette Synchiropus picturatus

Scooter Dragonette Synchiropus species

Parrot Fish:Parrotfish Scarus speciesParrotfish Cetoscarus speciesParrotfish Cirrhilabrus species

Anthias (Fairy Basslets):Creole Anthias Paranthias speciesBlue Diamond AnthiasHawaiian Anthias Miroabrichthys bicolorPurple Queen Anthias Mirolabrichthys tuka

Queen tiger Anthias mirolabrichthys imeldaeFemale Squareback pseudanthias pleurataenia

Basslets, Groupers, Grunts (sweetlips):Clown sweetlips plectorhincus chaetonoidesMacolor Niger Grunt macolor nigeroriental Sweetlips plectorhinchus lineatusstriped Sweetlips plectorhinchus diagrammus

Tangs:

Achilles tang Acanthurus Achilles

Powder Blue Tang Acanthurus teucosternonPowder Brown Tang Acanthurus japonicusClown Tang Acanthurus lineatusChevron Tang ctenochaetus hawaiiensisShoal Tang Acanthurus shoal


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Lionfish, Anglers and Scorpionfish:

Fu Manchu Lionfish Dendrochirus biocellausZebra Dwarf Lionfish Dendrachirus zebraVolitan (Peacock)lion Pterois volitansAntennata Lionfish Pterois antennata

Radiate Lionfish Pterois radiateFuzzy Dwarf Lionfish Dendrochirus brachypterusSphex Lionfish Pterois sphexMiles Lionfish Pterois milesStonefish Syanceia speciesSculpins Scorpaenopsis speciesLeaffish Taenianotus tricanthusRhino scorpionfish Rhinopias frondosaAngler Fish Antennarius speciesThreadfin Anglerfish Nemanthias carberryiSea Goblins Prionotus carolinus

Seahorses and pipefish:

Seahorses Hippocampus speciesSea Dragon Phycodurus equesSea Dragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatusPipefish Corythoichthys speciesPipefish Doryrhamphus speciesPipefish Syngnathoides speciesTrumpetfish species Aulostomus species

Sharks, skates and Rays;All sharks, skates and Rays

Remora Echeneis nancrates

Boxfish and Cowfish (Trunk fish):

Blue Boxfish Ostracion melegris (male)Black Boxfish Ostracion melegris (female)Scribbled Boxfish Ostracion solorensis (male0Scribbled Boxfish Ostracion solorenses (female)

Other fish Species:

Shrimp(Razor)fish Seoliscurs strigatus

Pinecone Fish Cleidopus gloriamarisPinecone fish Cleidopus japonicusFlashlight fish Photoblepharon palperbratusBarracuda Sphyraena barracuda

Cephalopods:All Octopus species Octopus speciesBlue-Ring Octopus Hapalochlaena lunulataAll Squid species loligo and sepioteuthis sp.


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All cuttlefish species sepia and sepioloidea sp.All Nautilus species Nautilus and Argonauta sp.

Other Invertebrates:Flower Sea UrchinsIndian Cone snails

Mantis shrimpJellyfish


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Appendix B

The following species only may be sold, and must be kept in theconditions to which they are suited: (UK Gallon equivalent 4.54 litres)

Gold Fish

Black moor Goldfish (Carassius auratus)Minimum Pond/Tank Size:30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:65-75`F;Ph6.5-7.5;KH4-20Max. size In Aquarium: Up to 10Color form :Black, Iridescent, OrangeTemperament :PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility : View Appendix C

Family: Cyprinidae

The Black Moor Goldfish will do well in a 30 gallon/137 litres or larger tankwith a fine gravel bottom and hardy, cold water plants. Goldfish are diggers andwill scatter the fine sand onto leaves, injuring thin and less hardy plants. Rootsand well-rounded river rocks are recommended.

Oranda Goldfish, Assorted (carrassius auratus)

Minimum Pond/Tank Size:30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions : 65-75`F;pH6.5-7.5;KH4-20Max. Size in Aquarium :Up to 8Color Form :Black, Blue, Calico, Chocolate, Red, Red and Black, Red and White,Red CapTemperament :PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cyprinidae

The Oranda will do in a tank of 30 gallons/137 litres of water or more witha fine gravel bottom and hardly, cold water plants, or backyard garden ponds of180 gallons/820 litres or more. Goldfish are diggers and will scatter the fine sandonto leaves, injuring thin and less hardy plants. Roots and will-rounded riverrocks are a good addition to the aquarium.

Crown Pearlscale Goldfish (carassius auratus)

Minimum Pond/Tank Size:70 gallons or 320 litresCare Level: Easy


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Tank Conditions:65-75`F;pH6.5-7.5;KH 4-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1`12Color Form : Red and whiteTemperament: PeacefulDiet: Omnivore

Compatibility: View Appendix CFamily: cyprinidae

The crown Pearl scale Goldfish will do best in a tank with a fine gravelbottom and hardy, cold water plants. It is a digger, and will scatter the fine sandonto leaves, injuring thin and less hardy plants. Roots and well-rounded riverrocks are appreciated.

Sarasa comet (carassius auratus)Minimum Pond Size: 180 gallons or 820 litresCare Level: Easy

Tank Conditions; 36-90`F; pH 6.8-7.2;KH 2-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1`2Color Form: Bright Red, whiteTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cyprinidae

The ideal set up for the Sarasa comet is a pond of at least 180 gallons/820 litres with a gravel substrate, rocks and hearty plants. This fish will grow inproportion to its surroundings. They like to eat the roots of plants and will dig toget to them, so provide large rocks around the base of the plants to protect them.Adequate filtration should be provided in order to maintain proper waterconditions.

Shubunkin (corassius auratus)Minimum Pond size:180 gallons or 820 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:36-90`F;pH 6.8-7.2; KH 2-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1`2Color Form : Black, Mottled, Orange, whiteTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cyprinidae

The ideal set up for the Shubunkin is a pond of at least 180 gallons or 820litres of water with a gravel substrate, rocks and hearty plants. This fish will growin proportion to the size of its surroundings. They like to eat the roots of plantsand will dig to get to them, so provide large rocks around the base of the plants


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to protect them. Adequate filtration should be provided in order to maintainproper water conditions.

Oranda Goldfish, Assorted (carassius auratus)Minimum Pond/Tank size:30 gallons or 137 litres

Care Level: EasyTank Conditions:65-75`F;pH 6.5-7.5; KH 4-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Black, Blue, Calico, chocolate, red and Black, Red and white, RedCapTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cyprinidae

The Oranda Goldfish is born without any head-growth. The growth begins

to thicken and fold three to four months after hatching. It may take up to twoyears for the head-growth to be fully developed and its development is affectedby a number of factors, including the quality of water in which the fish lives andits diet. A stable, clean tank and a protein-rich diet will enhance the developmentof the head-growth.

All Goldfish are members of the carp group and are generally quite hardy.The oranda will do well in a tank of 30 gallons or 137 litres of water or more witha fine gravel bottom and hardy, cold water plants, or backyard garden ponds of180 gallons or more. Goldfish are diggers and will scatter the fine sand ontoleaves, injuring thin and less hardy plants. Roots and well-rounded river rocksare a good addition to the aquarium.

Telescope Goldfish, Assorted (corassius auratus)Minimum Pond/Tank Size:30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions : 65-75`F;pH 6.5-7.5;KH4-20Max. Size in Aquarium :Up to 8Color Form :calico, Mottled, Red, and Black, Red and WhiteTemperament :PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cyprinidae

All goldfish are members of the carp group and are generally quite hardy.The telescope Goldfish will do well in a 30 gallon / 137 litres or larger tank with afine gravel bottom and hardy, cold water plants. Goldfish are diggers and willscatter the fine sand onto leaves, injuring thin and less hardy plants. Roots andwell-rounded river rocks are a good addition to the aquarium.


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Angels

Black Veil Angel (pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: Moderate

Tank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : BlackTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

It prefers a well-planted tank of at least 30 gallons/137 litres with soft,slightly acidic water. Rooks and driftwood can be added to the aquarium, butleave plenty of space for swimming.

Koi Angel (Pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Black, whiteTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

It prefers a well-planted aquarium of at least 30 gallons/137 litres with soft,slightly acidic water. Rocks and driftwood can be added to the aquarium, butleave plenty of space for swimming.

Marble Veil Angel (Pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Black, white, yellowTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

It prefers a well-planted tank of at least 30 gallons / 137 litres with soft,slightly acidic water. Rocks and driftwood can be added to the aquarium, butleave plenty of space for swimming.


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Silver Zebra Angel (Pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5

Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Black, Brown, SilverTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

It prefers a well-planted aquarium of at least 30 gallons / 137 litres withsoft, slightly acidic water. Rocks and driftwood can be added to the aquarium, butleave plenty of space for swimming.

Black Angel (pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : BlackTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae


White Blushing Angel (pterophyllum sp.)Black Angel (pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : White, yellowTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae



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Somkey leopard veil Angel (pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5

Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Black, Gray, SilveTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae


Assorted Veil Angel (Pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Gold, Iridescent, silver, tanTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

These fish prefer a well-planted tank of at least 30 gallons / 137 litres withsoft, slightly acidic water. Rocks and driftwood can be added to the aquarium, butleave plenty of space for swimming.

Albino Angel (Pterophyllum sp.)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 5.8-7.0; KH 1-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Silver, whiteTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae



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Mollies

Black Sailfin Molly(Poecilia latipinna)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litres

Care Level: DifficultTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 7.5-8.5; KH 10-25Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6 1/2Color Form : BlackTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Black sailfin Molly requires a tank of at least 30 gallons / 137 litreswith algae and plenty of room to swim. The tall dorsal fin of the male will not

develop if adequate room is not provided for him to swim. This species shouldonly share a tank with other peaceful fish that prefer hard water with elevated saltlevels.

Black Lyretail Molly(Poecilia latipinna)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:68-82`F;pH 7.0-7.8; KH 10-25Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 5Color Form : Black

Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Black Lyretail molly prefers a tank of at least 30 gallons / 137 litreswith plenty of strong plants such as Java Fern, Sagittaria, Vallisneria, andAnubias. They require a good filtration system because of their hearty appetitesand resulting waste products. The Black Lyretail Molly is well suited for thecommunity tank because of its peaceful nature, and is compatible with otherpeaceful, large fish that can withstand similar water conditions.

Dalmatian Molly (Poecilia latipinna)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:68-82`F;pH 7.0-7.8; KH 10-25Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 4 3/4Color Form : Black and white, MottledTemperament: Peaceful


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Diet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Dalmatian Molly prefers a tank of at least 30 gallons or 137 litres,

densely planted with plenty of strong plants such as Java fern, Sagittaria,vallisneria and Anubias. They require a good filtration system because of theirhearty appetites. The Dalmatian Molly is well suited for the community tankbecause of its peaceful nature, and is compatible with other peaceful, large fishthat can withstand hard water. They may pursue their young and the young of theother fish.

Platinum Lyretail Molly (Poecilia velifera)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:75-82`F;pH 7.5-8.5; KH 10-25

Max. Size In Auarium: Up to 6=1/2Color Form : Gold, platinumTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The platinum Lyretail Molly requires a tank of at least 30 gallons / 137litres with algae and plenty of room to swim. The tall dorsal fin of the male will notdevelop if adequate room is not provided for him to swim. This species shouldonly share a tank with other peaceful fish that prefer hard water with elevated saltlevels.

Balloon Molly (Poecilia latipinna)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:68-82`F;pH 7.0-7.8; KH 10-25Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 4=3/4Color Form : Black , white, yellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Balloon Molly prefers a tank of at least 30 gallons / 137 litres with lotsof strong plants such as Java fern, sagittaria, Vallisneria and Anubias. Theyrequire a good filtration system because of their hearty appetites. The balloonMolly is well suited for the community tank because of its peaceful nature, and iscompatible with other peaceful, large fish that can withstand similar waterconditions. They may pursue their young and the young of other fish.


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Black Molly (poecilia latipinna)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:68-82`F;pH 7.0-7.8; KH 10-25Max. Size In Auarium: Up to 3

Color Form : BlackTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Black Molly prefers a tank of at least 30 gallons / 137 litres with plentyof strong plants such as Java Fern, sagittaria, vallisneria, and Anubias. Theyrequire a good filtration system because of their hearty appetites and resultingwaste products. The black Molly is well suited for the community tank because ofits peaceful nature, and is compatible with other peaceful, large fish that can

withstand similar water conditions.

Guppies

Red Fire Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Auarium: Up to 2Color Form : Gray, Red, Silver, yellowTemperament: Peaceful

Diet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Red Fire Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90 litres ofwater, and is very tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should be hardyvarieties such as Java Fern and Java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good tank mates.

Green Cobra Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Bright Green, Gray, YellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae


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The Green Cobra Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90 litresof water, and is very tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should be hardyvarieties such as Java Fern and Java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good tank mates.

Lemon Cobra Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2=1/2Color Form : Blue-Green, Gray, Metallic Blue, Metallic Green, YellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Lemon Cobra Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90 litresof water, and is very tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should be hardyvarieties such as Java Fern and java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good thank mates.

Neon Blue Tux Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2=1/2Color Form : Blue, iridescent, Mustard yellow, Neon Blue, pinkish purpleTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Neon Blue Tux Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90litres water, and is vary tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should behardy varieties such as Java Fern and Java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good tank mates.

Blonde Tux Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2=1/2Color Form : Black, Gray, orange, orange tip, yellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: Omnivore


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Compatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Blonde Tux Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90 litreswater, and is vary tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should be hardy

varieties such as Java Fern and Java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good tank mates.

Yellow Tux Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2=1/2Color Form : Black, Blue, Gray, orange, orange tip, yellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: Omnivore

Compatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Yellow Tux Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90 litreswater, and is vary tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should be hardyvarieties such as Java Fern and Java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good tank mates.

Blue Cobra Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.5-8.0; KH 10-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2=1/2Color Form : Black, Blue, orange,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

The Blue Cobra Guppy requires a tank with at least 20 gallons / 90 litreswater, and is vary tolerant of changing tank conditions. Plants should be hardyvarieties such as Java Fern and Java Moss that can handle the increasedhardness in the tank. Other peaceful fish would make good tank mates.

PLATIES

Assorted Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-77`F;pH 7.0-8.2; KH 10-25


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Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : orange, Red, Various ColorationsTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix C

Family: Poeciliidae

The Platy requires a tank of at least 10 gallons / 45 litres that is denselyplanted with hardy plants like Java Fern and Java Moss. They are very peacefulfish and make an excellent addition to the community tank. Any other peacefulfish can be housed with them.

SWORDTAILS

Assorted Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litres

Care Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 7.0-8.3; KH 12-30Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 4Color Form : Black Nubian, Marigold, Neons, pineapple, Red Velvet, Red wagTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Poeciliidae

Swordtails require a tank of at least 20 gallons or 90 litres that is well-planted with plenty of room for swimming. Because of their peaceful nature,Swordtails are well suited for the community aquarium, although they willsometimes eat fry. Males can be aggressive toward one another so care shouldbe taken when housing more than one.

TETRAS

Cardinal Tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallon or 45 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:73-81`F;pH 5.5-7.5; KH 2-6Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Neon Blue, RedTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

The ideal set-up is an aquarium of at least 10 gallons or 45 litres, andshould be densely planted with plenty of low light areas. The cardinal Tetra does


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best in soft water with an acidic pH. Stock these fish in groups of six or more andprovide tank mates that are peaceful and do not pose a threat to the cardinalTetra.

Neon Tetra Jumbo (Paracheirodon innesi)

Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:68-74`F;pH 5.0-7.0; KH 1.0-2.0Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Neon Blue, Red, TurquoiseTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

Neon Tetras add beauty to a planted aquarium; the plants in turn will

provide plenty of hiding places and security for the fish. Rocks and driftwood alsohelp to mirror its natural habitat. The Neon Tetra thrives in slightly acidic waterand will do best when water parameters are kept constant.

True Rummynose Tetra (Hemigrammus rhodostomus)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 5.5-7.0; KH 10-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Red, silver,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

The Rummy-Nose Tetra can be housed in a community aquarium. Plants,rocks, and driftwood help to enhance its natural habitat and provide hidingspaces. The Rummy-Nose Tetra is a peaceful fish that the beginner to the expertaquarist would benefit from having.

Glowlight Tetra (Hemigrammus erythrozonus)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 5.5-7.0; KH 10-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Bright Red, Transparent,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae


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Glowlight Tetras add beauty to a planted aquarium; the plants, in turn, willprovide hiding places for the fish. Rocks and driftwood also help to mirror itsnatural habitat. It thrives in slightly acidic water and will do best when waterparameters are kept constant. The Glowlight Tetras are a schooling fish and will

do best if kept in odd numbers of 5 or more.

Silver Tip Tetra (Hasemania nana )Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.8-8.5; KH 4-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Black, GoldTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix C

Family: Characidae

The Silver Tip Tetra can be housed in a aquarium with other soft waterfish. Tetras are a schooling fish that work well in groups of six or more fish of thesame species. Live plants, rocks and driftwood help to enhance its natural habitatand provide hiding spaces.

Black Neon Tetra (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 5.5-7.0; KH 10-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1=1/2Color Form : Black, Yellow/GreenTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

Black Neon Tetras add beauty to a planted aquarium; the plants, in turn,will provide hiding places for the fish. Rocks and driftwood also help to mirror itsnatural habitat. It thrives in slightly acidic water and will do best when waterparameters are kept constant. The Neon Tetras are a schooling fish and will dobest if kept in odd numbers of 5 or more.

Green Fire Tetra (Aphyocharax rathbuni)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-80`F;pH 6.6-7.0; KH 12-18Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form :Green, Orange, Yellow


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Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

In at least a 10-gallon or 45 litres aquarium, plants, rocks, and somedriftwood should be used to give this species hiding places and security. Theyrequire a steady slightly acidic pH and constant temperature. They are mid-levelswimming fish so latter plants are ideal.

Royal Black Emperor Tetra (Nematobrycon palmeri)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions: 73-79`F; pH 5.0-8.0; KH 5.0-19.0Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Black, purple,

Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

The Royal Black Emperor Tetra can be housed in a community aquariumwith soft or brackish water. Plants, rocks, and driftwood help to enhance itsnatural habitat and provide hiding places. A group of at least six arerecommended as they are schooling fish all will do best kept in groups.

Purple Emperor Tetra (Impachthys kerri )Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 6.0-8.0; KH 5.0-12.0Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1=1/2Color Form : Purple, Turquoise,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

The Purple Emperor Tetra can be in a housed with soft water fish tobrackish water fish. Plants, rocks, and driftwood help to enhance its naturalhabitat and provide hiding places.

Head and Tail Light Tetra (Hemigrammus ocellifer)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.8-8.5; KH 4-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2


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Color Form : Gold, Pink, silverTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

The Head and Tail Light Tetra can be housed in an aquarium with othersoft water fish. Tetras are a schooling fish that work well in groups of six or morefish of the same species. Live plants, rocks, and driftwood help to enhance itsnatural habitat and provide hiding spaces.

Gold Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 5.5-7.0; KH 10-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1=1/2

Color Form : Gold, Red, Turquoise,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

Gold Neon Tetras add beauty to a planted aquarium; the plants, in turn,will provide hiding places for the fish. Rocks and driftwood also help to mirror itsnatural habitat. It thrives in slightly acidic water and will do best when waterparameters are kept constant.

Black Skirt Tetra (Gymnocorymbus sp.)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 6.0-7.0; KH 10-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2=1/2Color Form : Black, sliverTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

Hiding spaces such as rocks, plants, and driftwood are recommended togive this fish a sense of security. Taller plants should be used to coincide with itsmid-level swimming habits along with plenty of rock formed cave structures.

Penguin Tetra (Thayeria boehlkei )Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:64-82`F;pH 5.8-8.5; KH 4-20


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Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 3Color Form : Gold, Pale, white,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix C

Family: Characidae

The Penguin Tetra can be housed in an aquarium with other soft waterfish. Tetras are a schooling fish that work well in groups of six more fish of thesame species. Live plants, rocks and driftwood help to enhance its natural habitatand provide hiding spaces.

Black Phantom Tetra (Megalamphodus megalopterus)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 6.0-7.5; KH 12-18

Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Black, GrayTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

Hiding spaces such as rocks, plants, and driftwood are recommended togive this fish a sense of security. Taller plants should be used to coincide with itsmid-level swimming habits along with plenty of rock formed cave structures.

Congo Tetra (Phenacogrammus interruptus)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:75-81`F;pH 6.0-6.2; KH 4-8Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 3Color Form : Gold, Orange, silverTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Characidae

Congo Tetras do well in a peaceful community aquarium that is well lit andmoderately planted. They prefer to swim in schools of 5-8 in an aquarium thathas plenty of room. It is best if this fish is the dominant species in the tank or itmay become shy and reclusive.

Albino Buenos Aires Tetra (Hemigrammus caudovittatus)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: Easy


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Blue Peacock Cichlid (Aulonocara nyassae)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 7.8-8.5; KH 10-15Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6

Color Form : Brown, Gray, Metallic BlueTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix COrigin: Farm Raised, USAFamily: Cichlidae

The Blue Peacock Cichlid does well in an aquarium that is at least 50gallons with plenty of rocks for territories and a sandy bottom. The males areusually only aggressive towards their own species unless their territory is invadedupon. Provide a ratio of 3 to 4 females to one male.

Blue Johanni Cichlid (Melanochromis johanni)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 8.0-9.5; KH 9-19Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 4=1/2Color Form : Black, Blue, Gold, Gray,Temperament: AggressiveDiet: HerbivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

A large aquarium with plenty of caves and hiding places is ideal for thesefish. An aragonite-based substrate is recommended in order to maintain thenecessary high pH and alkalinity.

Fuelleborni Cichlid, Orange Blossom (Labeotropheus fuelleborni)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 7.8-8.5; KH 10-18Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 5Color Form : Black, Blue, OrangeTemperament: AggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

Provide the Fuelleborni Cichlid with an aquarium of at least 50 gallons witha sandy substrate and plenty of stacked rocks. They are aggressive by nature


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and are very territorial, so provide ample caves within the rockwork to reduce thisaggression.

DISCUS

Uaru Cichlid (uaru amphiacanthoides)Minimum Tank size: 70 gallons or 320 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-83`F;pH 5.0-7.0; KH 2-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 10Color Form : Black, Brown, Green, SilverTemperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Uaru Cichlid requires a minimum aquarium size of 70 gallons / 320litres or more with a fine gravel bottom. Plenty of rocks, driftwood and evenflowerpots are recommended for hiding. They are a peaceful fish that is territorialand rarely aggressive, except during spawning. It can easily be kept with othermedium-sized cichlids such as Convicts, Firemouths, and Parrots.

Pigeon Blood Discus (Symphysodon spp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8

Color Form :Brown, Orange, Turquoise, white,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Pigeon Blood Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Red Turquoise Discus (Symphysodon spp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Red, Turquoise,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: Carnivore


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Compatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Red Turquoise Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, this

otherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.Largely carnivorous, symphysodon aequifasciata prefer freeze-dried

bloodworms and tubifex, pellet food designed for Discus, high-quality flake food,and meaty frozen foods.

Red Marlboro Discus (Symphysodon sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8

Color Form : Red, Yellow,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Red Marlboro Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Neon Blue Discus (Symphysodon spp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Neon Blue, RedTemperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Neon Blue Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Ocean Green Discus (Symphysodon sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: Moderate


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Tank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Bright, Green,Temperament: PeacefulDiet: Carnivore


The ocean Green Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Snakeskin Discus (Symphysodon spp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: Moderate

Tank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Blue, PaleTemperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The snakeskin Discus requires an advanced level of care due to its feeinghabits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Yellow Marlboro Discus (Symphysodon sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8FColor Form : Red, YellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Yellow Marlboro Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.


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Royal Red Discus (Symphysodon sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8

Color Form : Bright Red, YellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Royal Red Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Blue Diamond Discus (Symphysodon sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Blue, Bright BlueTemperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Blue Diamond Discus requires an advanced of care due to its feedinghabits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, thisotherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

Snow White Discus (Symhysodon sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:79-86`F;pH 6.1-7.5; KH 1-3Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : WhiteTemperament: PeacefulDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Snow White Discus requires an advanced level of care due to itsfeeding habits and water filtration requirements. Territorial during spawning, this


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otherwise peaceful fish is among the schooling group, forming a well-definednuclear family.

German Blue Ram (Microgeophagus ramirezi)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litres

Care Level: DifficultTank Conditions:72-79`F;pH 5.0-7.0; KH 5-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 3Color Form : Neon Blue, Orange, Red, YellowTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix C

The German Blue Ram requires a tank of 20 gallons / 90 litres, minimum.The tank should have several dense plant groups and plenty of open swimmingspace. The German Blue Ram will also need a few caves in which to hide in and

stones to spawn on. Being a peaceful fish, the German Blue Ram makes awonderful addition to the community tank. However, if kept in an aquarium thatlacks hiding places for this fish, may become aggressive toward small tankmates.

Bred in India

Firemouth Cichlid(Thorchthys meeki)

Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: Moderate

Tank Conditions:70-75`F;pH 6.0-7.5; KH 4-10Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Red, TurquoiseTemperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Firemouth Cichlid requires a tank of a minimum of 30 gallons or 137litres, with a fine sand bottom for burrowing and plenty of open swimming room.Plants should be hardy, like sagittaria, and potted with their root surfacesprotected. There should also be rocks available, as they like to hide among therocks and roots. They do get territorial during spawning and will harass smallertank mates of their own species, so keeping fish that are similar in size isrecommended. When attempting go threaten members of their same species, theFiremouth Cichlid will inflate a throat sac and extend its gill covers in anaggressive stance.


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Green Texas Cichlid (Herichthys carpinte)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:75-78`F;pH 6.9-7.1; KH 14-16Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1

Color Form : GreenTemperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

Green Texas Cichlids require a tank of at least 50 gallons or 230 litres withlots of room to swim and adequate hiding spots. Most plants that are added tothe aquarium will be uprooted as they dig, so floating plants may be moreappropriate. They are vary adaptable to differences in water chemistry. Beingaggressive in nature, the Green Texas Cichlid should only be housed with more

aggressive fish that are close to the same size.

Red Devil (Amphilophus labiatus)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 6.8-7.Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1Color Form : Peach, YellowTemperament: AggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Red Devil requires a tank of 50 gallons / 230 litres or more, withplenty of room to swim as well as stones for hiding. Because it is a digger, it isbest to put the rocks on the bottom of the tank and not stacked. If stacked theycould be knocked off causing damage to the fish. The Red Devil has a veryaggressive personality, so choose his tank mates carefully. Red Devils shouldonly be housed with other fish that can defend themselves.

Green Severum (Heros severus)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:73-77`F;pH 6.0-6.5; KH 4-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Cream, GreenTemperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae


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The Green Severum requires a 30 gallon / 137 litres or larger tank that isat least 40 inches long an 20 inches tall. The larger the tank the better. Theyprefer a lightly-planted tank with a soft bottom and a few rooted plants. Adding afew large rocks would be appropriate as long as there is still plenty of open room

for swimming and the water is not affected. Severum can be aggressive whenspawning, and for this reason should only be housed with other semi-aggressivefish.

Pink Convict Cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: DifficultTank Conditions:68-73`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 9-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Pink, WhiteTemperament: Aggressive

Diet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Pink Convict Cichlid requires a minimum tank of 30 gallons / 137 litreswith a gravel bottom, rocks and plenty of hiding places among the rocks or someinverted pots. Floating plants are recommended as a form of cover. Because oftheir aggressive nature, Pink Convict cichlids should only be housed with othermore aggressive fish of the same size or larger.

Black Convict Cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:68-73`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 9-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : Black, Gray,Temperament: AggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Black Convict Cichlid requires a 30 gallon / 137 litres minimum tank,with a gravel bottom, rocks and plenty of hiding places among the rocks or someinverted pots. Floating plants are recommended as a form of cover. Because oftheir aggressive nature, Black Convict Cichlids should only be housed with othermore aggressive fish of the same size or larger.

Bolivian Ram (Microgeophagus altispinosa)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: Moderate


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Tank Conditions:72-79`F;pH 6.5-7.5; KH 10-10Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 3Color Form : TanTemperament: PeacefulDiet: Omnivore


The Bolivian Ram requires a tank of 30 gallons or 137 litres minimum. Thetank should have several dense plant groups and plenty of open swimmingspace. The Bolivian Ram also requires a few caves in which to hide in andstones to spawn on. Being a peaceful fish, the Bolivian Ram makes a wonderfuladdition to the community tank, is compatible with other peaceful fish.

Gold Severum (Heros severus)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litres

Care Level: ModerateTank Conditions:73-77`F;pH 6.0-6.5; KH 4-5Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Cream GoldTemperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix COrigin: Amazon, Northern South AmericaFamily: Cichlidae

The Gold Severum requires a 30 gallon / 137 litres or larger tank that is atleast 40 inches long and 20 inches tall. The larger the tank the better. Theyprefer a lightly-planted tank with a soft bottom and a few rooted plants. Adding afew large rocks would be appropriate as long as there is still plenty of open roomfor swimming. The Gold Severum can be aggressive when spawning. And forthis reason should only be housed with other semi-aggressive fish.

Jack Dempsey (Nandopsis Octofasciatum)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:78-82`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 5-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 10Color Form : Blue, Brown, Gray, Green, IridescentTemperament: AggressiveDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Jack Dempsey requires an aquarium of at least 50-gallons or 230litres, with a fine sand bottom. There should be rocks and roots for them to hide


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among. The plants should be hardy as the Jack Dempsey will burrow around andattack them. The aquarium should be divided into territories using hardy plants, ifpossible. They are territorial and will eat smaller fish that they can swallow.

Salvini Cichlid (Nandopsis salvini)

Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-79`F;pH 7.0-8.0; KH 9-11Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Color Form : YellowTemperament: AggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

Salvini Cichlids require a tank of at least 50 gallons or 230 litres with a fine

gravel or sand bottom. It does not burrow or destroy plants, which arerecommended to use as territories. The salvini Cichlid should be provided withnumerous rocks and roots for use as hiding places. Plenty of room should be leftopen swimming. They may be housed with smaller fish that are also moreaggressive, but be aware, they are territorial and will bite others.

Tiger Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)Minimum Tank size: 70 gallons or 320 litresCare Level: DifficultTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 6.0-8.5; KH 5-19Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1Color Form : Black, Orange, Red,Temperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Tiger Oscar requires a large aquarium of at least 70 gallons or 320litres with a deep sand bottom and a few large rocks. They will dig up plants; soany that are in the tank should be potted with the root surfaces covered withrocks. Using floating plants is a good compromise to this problem. Oscars arehearty eaters and should only be kept with other fish that are of the same size, asthey will eat any that are smaller than themselves.

Zebra Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)Minimum Tank size: 70 gallons or 320 litresCare Level: DifficultTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 6.0-8.0; KH 5-19Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1Color Form : Black, Gray, White


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Temperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Zebra Oscar requires a large aquarium of at least 70 gallons or 320litres with a deep sand bottom and a few large rocks. They will dig up plants; soany that are in the tank should be potted with the root surfaces covered withrocks. Using floating plants is a good compromise to this problem. Oscars arehearty eaters and should only be kept with other fish that are of the same size, asthey will eat any that are smaller than themselves.

Red Star Flower Horn Cichlid (Cichlasoma sp.)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-80`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 9-20

Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Red, SilverTemperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Red Star Flower Horn Cichlid requires an aquarium of at least 50gallons or 230 litres, with a sandy bottom, rocks and plenty of hiding placesamong the rocks. Live plants should be planted in pots to protect the roots fromthese fish. They are territorial and will eat smaller fish or invertebrates that theycan swallow.

Texas Cichlid (Herichthys cynoguttatus)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: DifficultTank Conditions:68-75`F;pH 6.5-7.5; KH 5-12Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1Color Form : GoldTemperament: AggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Texas Cichlid requires a tank of at least 50 gallons or 230 litres, witha fine sand bottom. There should be rocks and roots for them to hide among. Theplants should be hardy as the Texas Cichlid will burrow around and attack them.The Texas Cichlid uses floating plants as a cover. The tank should be dividedinto territories using hardy plants, if possible the Texas Cichlid is sensitive to oldwater and requires frequent changes of -1/2 of the water weekly. They are


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territorial and somewhat waspish, so care should be taken when choosing tankmates. Choose other more aggressive fish to share an aquarium with the TexasCichlid.

Red Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

Minimum Tank size: 70 gallons or 320 litresCare Level: DifficultTank Conditions:72-77`F;pH 6.0-8.0; KH 5-19Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1Color Form : Red,Temperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: CarnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Red Oscar requires a large aquarium of at least 70 gallons or 320

litres with a deep sand bottom and a few large rocks. They will dig up plants; soany that are in the tank should be potted with the root surfaces covered withrocks. Using floating plants is a good compromise to this problem. Oscars arehearty eaters and should only be kept with other fish that are of the same size, asthey will eat any that are smaller than themselves.

Blue Acara (Aequidens pulcher)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-80`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 9-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Bright Blue, Brown,Temperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Blue Acara requires an aquarium of at least 50 gallons or 230 litres,with a sandy bottom, rocks and plenty of hiding places among the rocks. Liveplants should be planted pots to protect the roots from these fish. The Blue Acarais generally peaceful with other fish of similar size, but can get territorial duringbreeding time.

Green Terror (Aequidens rivulatus)Minimum Tank size: 50 gallons or 230 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-80`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 9-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form : Bright Blue, Green, WhiteTemperament: Semi-aggressive


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Diet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Cichlidae

The Green Terror requires an aquarium of at least 50 gallons or 230 litres

with a sandy bottom and rock work that will provide plenty of hiding spots. Liveplants should be planted in pots to protect the roots fro, these fish. The GreenTerror is generally peaceful with other fish of similar size, but can get moreterritorial as it matures.

GOURAMIS

Sparkling Gourami (Trichopsis pumilus)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-78`F;pH 6.0-7.0; KH 4-8

Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 1=1/2Color Form : Blue, Green , Iridescent, RedTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Belontiidae

The ideal tank set-up would be an aquarium of a minimum of 10 gallons or45 litres and have plenty of live plants as well as rocks and driftwood for use ashiding places.

Neon Blue Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 6.0-7.5; KH 4-10Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form :Iridescent, TurquoiseTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Belontiidae

Neon Blue Dwarf Gouramis require a tank that is 10 gallons / 45 litres orlarger. The aquarium should be heavily planted and have at least part of thesurface covered with floating plants. A darker substrate will help show-off thegouraml`s colours, and peat filtration is recommended. Regular water changesare a must, as this gourami can be susceptible to disease. They should not bekept with large, aggressive fish, but would enjoy the company of other small,peaceful fish as well as fellow gouramis. Loud noises often scare them, so thetank should be in a quiet area.


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Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 6.0-7.5; KH 4-10

Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Orange, TurquoiseTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Belontiidae

Dwarf Gouramis require a tank that is 10 gallons / 45 litres or larger. Theaquarium should be heavily planted and have at least part of the surface coveredwith floating plants. A darder substrate will help show-off the gouramis colors,and peat filtration is recommended. Regular water changes are a must, as this

gourami can be suseeptlble to disease. They should not be kept with large,Aggressive fish, but are compatible with other small, peaceful fish as well asfellow gouramis. Loud noises often scare them, so the tank should be in a quietarea.

Honey Dwarf Gourami (Colisa sorta)Minimum Tank size: 10 gallons or 45 litresCare Level: DifficultTank Conditions:72-78`F;pH 6.0-7.5; KH 4-10Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 2Color Form : Gold, Yellowish to BrownTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Belontiidae

The Honey Dwarf Gourami requires a tank of at least 10 gallons / 45 litresthat is heavily planted and has a good cover of floating plants. Their ideal tankmates should be smaller, peaceful, and gentle. The Honey Dwarf Gourami doesbecome terrltorlal during spawning.

Pearl Gourami (Trichogaster leeri)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:75-86`F;pH 6.5-8.0; KH 5-18Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 4Color Form : Iridescent, PearlyTemperament: PeacefulDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix C


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Family: Belontiidae

The Pearl Gourami requires a 30 gallon / 137 litres or larger tank withwater approximately 12 inches deep, and a covering of floating ferns that may beused as hiding places. The substrate should be dark and the light subdued. The

ideal tank mates for the pearl Gourami would be similar in size and temperament.They should not be housed with aggressive tank mates, like Cichlids. They willhide in a corner, begin to loose color and may refuse to eat if kept with overlyaggressive fish.

Blue Paradise (Macropodus opercularis)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons / 137 litresCare Level: EasyTank Conditions:61-79`F;pH 6.0-8.0; KH 4-18Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 4Color Form : Orange, Turquoise

Temperament: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Belontiidae

The Blue Paradise requires a larger aquarium, at least 30 gallons / 137litres, with lots of hiding places for the female. It will not eat plants, but becauseof its active courtship and mock battles between tank mates, only very hardyvegetation is advised. The Blue Paradise is a territorial fish that will defend itsarea from its tank mates. For this reason , it should only be kept with other large,semi-aggressive fish. It will also eat smaller tank mates. Adult males should bekept one per aquarium, as they light as fiercely as Bettas.

Kissing Gourami (Helostoma temmincki)Minimum Tank size: 30 gallons or 137 litresCare Level: ModerateTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 6.8-8.5; KH 5-20Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 8Color Form :Iridescent, Peach, PinkTemperament: semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Helostomatidae

The Kissing Gourami requires a 30 gallon / 137 litres or larger tank, withstones and plants. Plastic plants are best because they will eat most allvegetation in the aquarium, although Java Fern and possibly Java Moss mayalso be used. There is no need to clean the back of the aquarium because thekissing Gourami will browse on the algae that is growing there. The Kissing


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Gourami is peaceful with other fish of similar size and will tolerate others of thesame species.

Opaline Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus)Minimum Tank size: 20 gallons or 90 litres

Care Level: EasyTank Conditions:72-82`F;pH 6.0-8.0; KH 4-18Max. Size In Aquarium: Up to 6Colour Form :Iridescent, TurquoiseTemparature: Semi-aggressiveDiet: OmnivoreCompatibility: View Appendix CFamily: Belontilidae

The Opaline Gourami is compatible with a variety of tank mates that are ofs

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Draft Aquarium Fish Breeding Rules 2010 - Naresh Kadyan