r. Zakir Hussain  pronunciation (help·info) (8 February 1897 - 3 May 1969) (Hindi: ज़ा�कि�र हुसै�न) (Urdu: زاِک�ر حسین), was the third President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969. He was the first elected Muslim president of India.

He was awarded the highest Indian national honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1963.

Contents

 [hide]  1 Early life and background 2 Career 3 See also 4 References

5 External links

[edit] Early life and background

Zakir Hussain was born in Hyderabad Deccan,[3] India. His ancestors were among the Rohilla Pashtun from Rohilkhand however, his roots linked to the Afridi Pushtuns pertaining to the mountainous region located at the border between Pakistani province of Sobha Sarhat and eastern Afghanistan. His ancestors were the pushtun soldiers who moved to Rohilkhand Northern India during the Afghan invasion of the 17th century. His family had migrated from Hyderabad Deccan to Kaimganj, district Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh. His father died when he was ten years old, and his mother died in 1911 when he was fourteen years old. He attended Islamia High School, Etawah, and was then educated at the Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College (now Aligarh Muslim University), where he was a prominent student leader.[4][5]

[edit] Career

Hussain, then only 23, was among the small group of students and teachers who founded a National Muslim University, first founded in Aligarh on Friday 29 October 1920 then shifted to Karol Bagh, New Delhi in 1925, then after shifted again on 1 March 1935 in Jamia Nagar, New Delhi and named it Jamia Millia Islamia (a central university). He subsequently went to Germany to obtain a PhD from the University of Berlin in Economics. While in Germany, Hussain was instrumental in bringing out the anthology of arguably the greatest Urdu poet Mirza Assadullah Khan "Ghalib" (1797–1868).[6]

He returned to India to head the Jamia Millia Islamia which was facing closure in 1927. He continued in that position for the next twenty-one years providing academic and managerial leadership to an institution that was intimately involved with India's struggle for freedom from the British Rule and experimented with value base education on the lines advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and Hakim Ajmal Khan.[7] During this period he continued to engage himself with movements for educational reforms in India and was particularly active in the affairs of his old alma mater the MAO College, now the Aligarh

Muslim University. During this period Hussain emerged as one of the most prominent educational thinkers and practitioners of modern India. His personal sacrifice and untiring efforts to keep the Jamia afloat in very adverse circumstances won him appreciation of even his arch political rivals like Mohammed Ali Jinnah.

Soon after India attained independence, Hussain agreed to be the Vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University which was facing trying times in post partition India because of active involvement of a section of its teachers and students in the movement for creation of Pakistan, where incidentally Hussain's relatives brother Dr. Mahmood Hussain and nephew General Rahimuddin Khan would migrate to and achieve eminence. Dr Hussain, again, provided leadership during a critical phase of the history of the University at Aligarh from 1948-1956. Soon after completing his term as Vice Chancellor he was nominated as a member of the Upper House of Indian Parliament in 1956, a position he vacated in 1957 to become Governor of the State of Bihar.

After serving as the Governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962, and as the second Vice President of India from 1962 to 1967, Hussain was elected President of India on 13 May 1967. In his inaugural speech he said that the whole of India was his home and all its people were his family.[8]

Hussain died on 3 May 1969, the first Indian President to die in office. He is buried on the campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia (or Central University) in New Delhi.

Work EducationWork education aims at involving children ina variety of production service orientedactivities with a view to develop positiveattitude and values through work andalso to develop work related competencies.Work education is thus a method ofintegrating education with work.Work education down the yearsGandhiji's blended intellectual culture and work culturetogether in his philosophy of education calledBasic Education. Dr Jakir Hussain in his philosophyof Nai Talim emphasized that activity provides thebest and quickest way of development of intellectproductive work in school curriculum bridge anatural link with society.The education commission (1964-66)recommend that work education should be anintegral part of all education as participation inproductive work in school, in home, in aworkshop or any other productive situations.The curriculum should be capable of relatinglearning closely to socially productive manual

work and the socioeconomic situation of thecountry.Ishwarbhai Patel Commitee,1977.Work Education viewed as purposive andmeaningful manual work organized as anintegral part of all stages of school education.Work education and social services are essentialelements of purposeful education, Educationis to be linked with the emerging problemof the world of work.AIMS of Work educationThe aim of work education is to provideChildren with opportunities of participatingin socioeconomic activities inside and outsidethe classroom, enabling them to understandscientific principles and processes involved indifferent types of work which they foundin their physical and social environment.The objective of Work Education forsecondary stage curriculum :- To engage the children in almost similarnature of compulsory activities performed inthe upper primary stage but increasing thenumber and their complexity.- To involve the pupils more prominently inpre-vocational activities to developvocational skills among them.- To facilitate the children to acquire theknowledge and skills required for entry intothe preferable vocational courses at highersecondary stage.