Upload
letram
View
227
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Dr Vinod TareProfessorEnvironmental Engineering and Management ProgrammeDepartment of Civil Engineering IIT Kanpur, UP, India
National Training Programme on
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
DG, RDSO – Briefing Meeting
Lucknow, November 22, 2007
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Sanitation and Toilets
• Mandate from Indian Railways
• Technology Mission on Railway Safety (TMRS) -2004
• Environment Friendly Passenger Coach Toilets for Indian Railways
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Environment-Friendly Toilets
• Why, What and How?
• Review of Earlier Attempts
• Technology of Bio-Toilets
• Issues and Concerns
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
The toilet system - Attributes
Simplicity: Convenient to a variety of users, robust, and minimum operation and maintenance complications.
Environmental Protection: Losses -Prevent damage to the railway track and
coaches.
Disease Prevention - Maintain hygienic/sanitary conditions, particularly on the railway stations.
Compliance with the environmental regulations/standard/ practices.
Enable Indian Railway to be an ISO 14000 certified organization.
Affordability
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Provision for defecation with privacy, dignity and
safetywhile preventing the
environmental contamination
Isolation of human excreta from water bodies (Surface or Under Ground)/air/soil until the
same is converted into safe and usable product
Toilet is a Solution
Toilet poses a biggest Challenge
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Alternative Mode: EcoSanEcoSan: A Philosophy, and not a Specific Technology
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Characteristics of an Ideal Toilet
Hygienic
Easy To Use
Not many usable parts
No odors
Should be aesthetically pleasing
No insect menace
Require minimum user intervention
Waste should be processed to a usable form
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Waste Wealth
Compost
Modern Night Soil Industry
Employment Agriculture boostEnvironmental Protection
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Attempts So Far
Water Seal Air Seal
Toilet Seat
Odour
(VOC’s / Gases)
Procurement
Design & Development
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Water Seal Air Seal
Toilet Seat
Design & Development
1
Water
Solids
Storage & Discharge Device
2
3Spinning – Centrifuge
Filtration
Heating/Air DryingChemical toilet
Biological toilet
Air
Air
Microbial Action
4
Liquid Waste:
Pathogens Free
Do Nothing
Chemical Treatment (cl2 / O3)
Physical Treatment (UV)
Residue
Disposal
Regeneration
and Utilization
In
Railway
Yards
5
Attempts So Far
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Trials Gwaliour-Barauni Express (GWL – BJU; 1056 kms/25 hrs)
Magadh Express
Available Technologies: Technology 1- DRDE Gwalior
Size: 2450x710x610
Volume: 950 L
Material: 5 MM thick SS
Biological:
Anaerobic i.e.
without oxygen
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
DRDE tank and effluent comparison
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
DRDE installed tanks
On Trial
Gwaliour-Barauni Express (GWL – BJU; 1056 kms/25 hrs)
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Available Technologies: Technology 2- Microphor Systems, USA
Biological:
Aerobic i.e.
requires
oxygen
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Available Technologies: Technology 2- MicrophorSystems, USA
Tried First by Ikon, New Delhi Prayag Raj Express (ALBD – NDLS; 634 kms/9 hrs)
AP Express
Subsequently on 2427/2428 Rewa Express
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Available Technologies: Technology 2- Microphor Systems, US
Discharge on Tracks
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Available Technologies: Technology 2- Microphor Systems, USA
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Comparative Evaluation of the Two Technologies
DRDE installed
Common Tank
DRDE installed
Individual Tanks
AIKON installed
Tanks
Feces + Water
Solution
Conclusion
Both Technologies (Technology 1 Developed by
DRDE and Technology 2 Developed by AIKON,
India & Microphor, USA) essentially result in
discharge of fecal matter on track after mixing
with water
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
DRDE Effluent Analysis Report
Parameter Lucknow Common Tank Single Tank SewageDisposal Standards
Water Land
pH 8.14 8.07 8.10 7 – 8.5 5 – 9 5 – 9
T.S. mg/L 2698 2464 5484
T.S.S. mg/L 832.00 912.00 2732.40 100 - 300 50 100
T.D.S. mg/L 1696 1660 2156
BOD mg/L 770 740 1740 150 – 300 30 100
COD mg/L 998.40 998.40 3072.00 300 – 500 100 250
Alkalinity mg/L 2264 2148 3192
Urea mg/L 51.96 60.98 127.8730 – 70 15 – 20
AN mg/L 37.38 32.71 147.20
Sulfate mg/L 127.21 91.76 210.29
Sulfide mg/L 11.20 25.60 50.40
Total Coliform 5.00E+07 8.00E+07 8.00E+07
Faecal Coliform 3.00E+07 8.00E+07 5.00E+07
Langelier Index +1.07 +1.36
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Technology 3- Vacuum Toilets
Is not likely to work under Indian Conditions and is Expensive
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Vacuumarator – main principles
3 functions
Creates vacuum
Macerate solids
Pumping liquid
Concept Development
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Concept Development
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
State-of-the-Art
• No System/Concept is available suiting to the IR Requirements
• Complete onboard treatment does not seem to be feasible
• Partial onboard treatment (to prevent nuisance and recycling of
water) appears to be feasible
• Residues to be evacuated and treated in yards/service stations
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Approach
Use of
Advanced Technologies
with
Traditional Wisdom
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Trials: Design of Prototype
Revised
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Design of Prototype
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
First Prototype
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
The ZDT – Circuit Diagram
SLS
Auxiliary Tank
Pan
Water Seal
cum Flapper
Valve
Under-slung
(excess flush Sol
Tank)
Hummanure/
Processing
Plant
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
First Prototype Mounted on SR 08224
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilets
Urine
FecesPersonal/Anal
Cleaning Water
TOILET
System Input: Per Person
• Urine: 250 mL
• Feces: 400 mL
• Anal Cleaning Water: 1000 mL
System Output: End Products
• Urine: In-organic fertilizer
• Feces: Organic fertilizer
• Anal Cleaning Water: Treated and Recycled
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Urine
FecesPersonal/Anal
Cleaning Water
TOILET
3.5 ft
4 ft
Urine
Feces
Triansh Toilets
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilet Complex @ Magh Mela-2016, Allahabad
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilet Complex @ Magh Mela-2016, Allahabad
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilet Complex @ Magh Mela-2016, Allahabad
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilet Complex @ Magh Mela-2016, Allahabad
ZERO DISCHARGE TOILET SYSTEM & URINALS
Magh Mela - 2015
Designed & Developed by Operation & Maintenance by
Samanvay
Foundation
IIT
Kanpur
Supported by
National Mission for Clean
Ganga
Ministry of WR, RD &GR, GoI
ZERO DISCHARGE TOILET SYSTEM & URINALS
Magh Mela - 2015
Designed & Developed by Operation & Maintenance by
Samanvay
Foundation
IIT
Kanpur
Supported by
National Mission for Clean
Ganga
Ministry of WR, RD &GR, GoI
ZERO DISCHARGE TOILET SYSTEM & URINALS
Kartik Mela - 2015
Designed & Developed by Operation & Maintenance by
Samanvay
Foundation
IIT
Kanpur
कार्तिक मेला - २०१५
Kartik Mela
Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh
November 24, 2015 – December 17, 2015
Supported by
Water Aid
India
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
India Today; August 15-31, 2015
Recognition
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Recognition
Award for the Best Project by HUDCODeployment of Zero Discharge Toilets
during Kumbh 2012-13 , Allahabad
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Recognition Performance Report from
Southern Railway
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilets
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilets
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Triansh Toilets
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur
Concluding• We need inexpensive solutions but should not
compromise on quality and long term objectives
• There are no easy options, either we should have
disciplined life or be ready to use expensive solutions
• Excreta matters can not be just left like that, we have to
engage with it
• Sanitation and agriculture has to be linked
• Large scale use of excreta (properly processed) in
agriculture and not disposing some how
• Opportunity than a burden
• Do not trivialize
• Present realistic picture
Dr Vinod TareProfessor, IIT K
Environment Management in IR
Tuesday, May 3, 2016; iCED-Jaipur